JP4915227B2 - Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, method for producing the same, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a method for producing the same, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material.

  In recent years, with the widespread use of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers, development of small and lightweight non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries having high energy density is strongly desired. As such a secondary battery, there is a lithium ion secondary battery. Lithium metal, lithium alloy, metal oxide, carbon, or the like is used as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery. These materials are materials capable of removing and inserting lithium.

Research and development of such lithium ion secondary batteries is being actively conducted. Among these, a lithium ion secondary battery using a lithium metal composite oxide, particularly a lithium cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO ₂ ), which is relatively easy to synthesize, as a positive electrode material can obtain a high voltage of 4 V, and thus has high energy. It is expected as a battery having a high density and is being put to practical use. In the lithium ion secondary battery using this lithium cobalt composite oxide, many developments have been made so far to obtain excellent initial capacity characteristics and cycle characteristics, and various results have already been obtained.

  However, since the lithium cobalt composite oxide uses a rare and expensive cobalt compound as a raw material, it causes an increase in the cost of the battery. For this reason, it is desired to use materials other than the lithium cobalt composite oxide as the positive electrode active material.

  In addition, recently, not only small secondary batteries for portable electronic devices but also expectations for applying lithium ion secondary batteries as large-sized secondary batteries for power storage and electric vehicles are increasing. . Lowering the cost of the active material and making it possible to manufacture a cheaper lithium ion secondary battery can be expected to have a large ripple effect in these broad fields.

Newly proposed materials as positive electrode active materials for lithium ion secondary batteries include lithium manganese composite oxide (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ) using manganese, which is cheaper than cobalt, and lithium nickel composite oxide using nickel. (LiNiO ₂ ).

  Lithium-manganese composite oxide is an inexpensive alternative to lithium-cobalt composite oxide because its raw materials are inexpensive and it has excellent thermal stability, especially safety for ignition. Since it is only about half of lithium cobalt composite oxide, it has a drawback that it is difficult to meet the demand for higher capacity of lithium ion secondary batteries, which is increasing year by year. Further, at 45 ° C. or higher, there is a drawback that self-discharge is intense and the charge / discharge life is also reduced.

  On the other hand, the lithium nickel composite oxide has almost the same theoretical capacity as the lithium cobalt composite oxide, and shows a slightly lower battery voltage than the lithium cobalt composite oxide. For this reason, decomposition | disassembly by oxidation of electrolyte solution does not become a problem, and since the capacity | capacitance can be anticipated, development is performed actively. However, when a lithium-ion secondary battery is made using a lithium-nickel composite oxide composed solely of nickel as a positive electrode active material without replacing nickel with other elements, the cycle is higher than that of lithium-cobalt composite oxide. The characteristics are inferior. In addition, there is a disadvantage that battery performance is relatively easily lost when used or stored in a high temperature environment.

In order to solve such drawbacks, for example, in Patent Document 1, Li _w Ni _x Co _y B _z O is used as a positive electrode active material capable of maintaining good battery performance during storage and use in a high temperature environment. ₂ (0.05 ≦ w ≦ 1.10, 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.995, 0.005 ≦ z ≦ 0.20, x + y + z = 1), that is, cobalt and A lithium nickel composite oxide to which boron is added has been proposed.

Further, in Patent Document 2, Li _x Ni _a Co _b M _c O ₂ (0.8 ≦ x ≦ 1.2, 0... Is intended to improve self-discharge characteristics and cycle characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery. 01 ≦ a ≦ 0.99, 0.01 ≦ b ≦ 0.99, 0.01 ≦ c ≦ 0.3, 0.8 ≦ a + b + c ≦ 1.2, M is Al, V, Mn, Fe, Cu and A lithium nickel composite oxide represented by at least one element selected from Zn has been proposed.

  However, in the lithium nickel composite oxide obtained by the above-described conventional manufacturing method, both the charge capacity and discharge capacity are higher and the cycle characteristics are improved as compared with the lithium cobalt composite oxide. If left in the environment, there is a problem that oxygen is released from a temperature lower than that of the cobalt-based composite oxide.

In order to solve such a problem, for example, in Patent Document 3, Li _a M _b Ni _c Co _d O _e (M is a value for the purpose of improving the thermal stability of the positive electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery. It is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Sn, In, Fe, V, Cu, Mg, Ti, Zn, Mo, and 0 <a <1.3, 0.02 ≦ b ≦ 0.5, 0.02 ≦ d / c + d ≦ 0.9, 1.8 <e <2.2, and b + c + d = 1)) Has been. In this case, for example, when aluminum is selected as the additive element M, it is confirmed that if the amount of substitution from nickel to aluminum is increased, the decomposition reaction of the positive electrode active material is suppressed and the thermal stability is improved. However, replacing nickel with aluminum, which is effective to ensure sufficient stability, reduces the amount of nickel that contributes to the oxidation-reduction reaction associated with the charge / discharge reaction, so the initial capacity, which is the most important for battery performance, is large. It had the problem of decreasing. Since Al is trivalent and stable, Ni is also matched to charge, and if it is stabilized with trivalent, a portion that does not contribute to the oxidation-reduction reaction (Redox reaction) is generated, so it is considered that the capacity decreases.

In Patent Document 4, the general formula Li _a Ni _1-bc M ¹ _b M ² _c O ₂ (however, 0.95
≦ a ≦ 1.05, 0.01 ≦ b ≦ 0.10, 0.10 ≦ c ≦ 0.20, and M ¹ is Al, B, Y, Ce, Ti, Sn, V, Nb, W, A lithium-containing composite oxide represented by at least one element of Mo, M ² is one or more elements selected from Co, Mn, and Fe) is first used to adjust the salt concentration. The nickel-cobalt-M ² salt aqueous solution, the complexing agent that forms a complex salt with the aqueous solution, and the alkali metal hydroxide are continuously supplied to form a nickel-cobalt-M ² complex salt. It decomposes with metal hydroxide to precipitate nickel-cobalt-M ² hydroxide, and repeats the formation and decomposition of the above complex salt while circulating in the tank, overflowing nickel-cobalt-M ² hydroxide. Let it out. The resulting hydroxide and an oxide such as MoO ₃ are mixed, wet pulverized, and then spray-dried to use a mixture of nickel-cobalt-M1-M2 having a substantially spherical particle shape as a raw material. The lithium salt is mixed and fired.

  According to the above method, by reducing the conductivity of the active material, it is possible to prevent the short-circuit current when the battery is short-circuited from passing through the active material particles, and the active material itself is thermally decomposed by the Joule heating of the short-circuit current. It is described that the thermal stability is improved.

Recently, the demand for higher capacity for small secondary batteries used in portable electronic devices and the like has been increasing year by year. The advantage is lost and the request cannot be met. In addition, a movement to use a lithium ion secondary battery for a large-sized secondary battery is also prominent. In particular, there is a great expectation as a power source for a hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle. When used as a power source for automobiles, solving the problem of the lithium nickel composite oxide that is inferior in safety is a big problem.
JP-A-8-45509 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-213015 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-242891 JP 2000-323143 A

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a positive electrode active material capable of realizing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having good thermal stability and high charge / discharge capacity. And

In the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention, an alkaline solution is added to a mixed aqueous solution of a nickel salt and a cobalt salt, the temperature is in the range of 50 ° C to 80 ° C, and the pH is 10.0 to 10.0. Step 1 to obtain nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide by coprecipitation of nickel hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide while maintaining the range of 12.5, and adding water to the composite hydroxide obtained in Step 1 The slurry is made into a slurry, the molybdic acid solution is added, the mixture is stirred, the neutralizing agent is added to adjust the pH to 8 to 10.5, and the nickel cobalt composite water coated with molybdenum oxide is filtered and washed with water. Step 2 for obtaining an oxide, Step 3 for firing the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide coated with molybdenum oxide obtained in Step 2 to uniformly dissolve molybdenum, and Molybdenum obtained in Step 3 Average A nickel-cobalt-molybdenum composite oxide and a lithium compound that are solid-dissolved in a mixture are mixed, and the mixture is heat-treated at a temperature of 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower to obtain a lithium metal composite oxide Li _{1 + z} Ni _1-xy Co _x. And Step 4 of obtaining a powder of Mo _y O ₂ (where 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.21, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10). Features.

  Moreover, it is preferable to add a complexing agent and an alkali solution simultaneously to the mixed aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt.

  The molybdate solution is preferably a sodium molybdate aqueous solution or an ammonium molybdate solution.

  The lithium compound is preferably lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, or a hydrate thereof.

A first aspect of the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is a lithium metal composite oxide Li ₁ obtained by any one of the aforementioned methods for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. _{+ z} Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ (where 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.21, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10) .

A second embodiment of the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is a lithium metal composite oxide Li _{1 + z} Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ (where 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0 .21, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10), and in any range of the powder, when measured multiple times by the energy dispersion method, the standard deviation of the intensity ratio I _Mo / I _Ni of the peak intensity I _Ni of L line peak intensity I _Mo and Ni in L line is less than 1/2 of the average value of said intensity ratio I _Mo / I _Ni.

  When used for the positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, it is preferable that the initial discharge capacity is 170 mAh / g or more and the heat generation rate is 11.00 J / sec / g or less.

  The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is characterized in that the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is used for a positive electrode.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the positive electrode active material which can implement | achieve the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which has favorable thermal stability and has a high charging / discharging capacity | capacitance can be provided.

  If the positive electrode active material according to the present invention is used in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, it is possible to meet the demand for higher capacity in small secondary batteries such as portable electronic devices. Moreover, the positive electrode active material according to the present invention can be used for a large-sized secondary battery that is a power source for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, and can also ensure the safety required for the large-sized secondary battery. .

The present inventor has the general formula _{Li 1 + z Ni 1-xy} Co x M y O 2 ( where, 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.21,0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, -0.05 ≦ z As a result of intensive studies on the powder of lithium-metal composite oxide represented by ≦ 0.10, it was found that molybdenum is the optimum additive element M for improving thermal stability in a charged state.

Further, it is necessary to use a uniform nickel-cobalt-molybdenum hydroxide in order to produce a good positive electrode active material, but in order to produce a uniform nickel-cobalt-molybdenum hydroxide, A method can be used in which a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide having a composition is prepared and then molybdenum oxide is coated on the particle surface of the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide. For example, water is added to a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide to form a slurry, and then a molybdic acid solution is added therein, stirred, and after confirming that it has become uniform, a neutralizing agent such as sulfuric acid is added. Then, by adjusting the pH to 8 to 10.5, filtering and washing with water, a nickel cobalt composite hydroxide whose surface is coated with Mo ₂ O ₄ (Mo is tetravalent in this pH region) is obtained. . The uniform solid solution of Mo can be achieved by performing subsequent firing in an air stream. A good positive electrode active material is obtained by firing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide coated with molybdenum oxide to form a composite oxide Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ and then heat-treating it with a lithium compound. It was also found to be effective to obtain

  The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.

  Specifically, the positive electrode active material is produced by the following process. First of all, a complexing agent such as ammonia and an alkaline solution are added to a mixed aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt blended in a desired composition ratio to coprecipitate nickel and cobalt hydroxides, resulting in a spherical and high tap. A composite hydroxide of density is obtained.

Water is added to the obtained nickel cobalt composite hydroxide to form a slurry, and then a molybdic acid solution is added therein, and stirring is performed. After confirming that the mixture is uniform, a neutralizer such as sulfuric acid is added. By adding and adjusting to pH 8 to 10.5, and performing filtration and washing with water, a nickel cobalt composite hydroxide whose surface is coated with Mo2O4 is obtained. The obtained composite hydroxide is fired at 600 to 750 ° C. in an air atmosphere to obtain a composite oxide Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ .

The obtained composite oxide Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ was mixed with a lithium compound, and the mixture was heat-treated at a temperature of 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower to obtain Li _{1 + z} Ni _1-xy Co. _A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery made of _x Mo _y O ₂ powder is obtained. The obtained positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has good thermal stability and high charge / discharge capacity.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

  The charge / discharge reaction of the secondary battery according to the present invention proceeds by reversibly entering and exiting lithium ions in the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material from which lithium has been extracted by charging is unstable at high temperatures, and when heated, the active material decomposes and releases oxygen, which causes combustion of the electrolyte and an exothermic reaction.

  To improve the thermal stability of the positive electrode material means to suppress the decomposition reaction of the positive electrode active material from which lithium has been extracted. As a method for suppressing the decomposition reaction of the positive electrode active material disclosed heretofore, it has been generally performed that a part of nickel is substituted with an element having strong covalent bond with oxygen such as aluminum. Certainly, if the amount of substitution from nickel to aluminum is increased, the decomposition reaction of the positive electrode active material is suppressed and the thermal stability is improved, but the amount of nickel contributing to the redox reaction accompanying the charge / discharge reaction is reduced. In order to reduce the charge / discharge capacity, the amount of substitution with aluminum had to be kept below a certain level. As a result, when sufficient thermal stability is ensured, sufficient reversible capacity cannot be obtained, and conversely, thermal stability must be sacrificed in order to obtain a certain capacity or more.

In order to solve such a problem, in the present invention, the general formula _{Li 1 + z Ni 1-xy} Co x M y O 2 ( where, 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.21,0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10 , −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10), the additive element M was replaced with hexavalent and stable molybdenum. As a result, a part of the trivalent Ni is stabilized as a divalent, so that the amount of replacing nickel with another element for improving thermal stability can be reduced, and the initial capacity of the battery can be reduced. A decrease can be prevented.

  Further, since molybdenum has a strong oxidizing power, replacing nickel with molybdenum can improve the thermal stability of the battery, and in particular, improve the thermal stability in a charged state.

  Next, embodiments of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention will be described in detail for each component. The lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is composed of the same components as those of a general lithium ion secondary battery, such as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The embodiment described below is merely an example, and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is implemented in various modifications and improvements based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, including the following embodiment. can do. Moreover, the use of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited.

(1) Positive electrode active material, positive electrode The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention has a general formula Li _{1 + z} Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ (where 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0 .21, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10).

In the production method according to the present invention, a composite aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt, a complexing agent such as ammonia and an alkaline solution are simultaneously added to coprecipitate a hydroxide of nickel and cobalt, and a composite hydroxide is formed. obtain. Water is added to the obtained nickel cobalt composite hydroxide to form a slurry, and then a molybdic acid solution is added therein, and stirring is performed. After confirming that the mixture is uniform, a neutralizing agent such as sulfuric acid is added. By adding, adjusting the pH, and performing filtration and washing with water, a nickel cobalt composite hydroxide whose surface is coated with Mo ₂ O ₄ can be obtained. Further, heat treatment is performed so that the solid solution is uniformly dissolved. By this method, a composite oxide in which three elements of Ni, Co, and Mo are uniformly dispersed can be obtained. The optimum pH for the precipitation of nickel and cobalt is in the alkaline region, but the precipitation of MoO ₃ is generally optimum in the range of pH 3 to 4, and is inherently difficult in the alkaline region. However, it becomes a nucleus in the presence of nickel and cobalt hydroxides, and Mo can be deposited on the surface even in the alkaline region.

  Hereinafter, the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention will be described in more detail.

The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is prepared by adding a complexing agent such as ammonia and an alkaline solution to a mixed aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt, stirring them at a constant rate, and reacting them. Coprecipitation is performed in the tank so that the atomic ratio of cobalt and nickel is the atomic ratio of the above general formula. Then, after reaching a steady state, the precipitate is collected, filtered and washed with water to obtain a nickel cobalt composite hydroxide. Water is added to the obtained nickel cobalt composite hydroxide to form a slurry, and then a molybdic acid solution is added therein, and stirring is performed. After confirming that the mixture is uniform, a neutralizing agent such as sulfuric acid is added. By adding and adjusting the pH to 8 to 10.5, and performing filtration and washing with water, a nickel cobalt composite hydroxide whose surface is coated with Mo ₂ O ₄ is obtained. Thereafter, the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide is once fired at 600 to 750 ° C. in an air atmosphere to form a nickel-cobalt-molybdenum composite oxide. And it is necessary to mix this nickel cobalt molybdenum complex oxide and a lithium compound, and to heat-process this mixture at the temperature of 650 degreeC or more and 850 degrees C or less.

  First, a method for producing a nickel cobalt composite hydroxide will be described.

  The reaction conditions are in the temperature range from 50 ° C. to 80 ° C., and the pH is in the range of 10 to 12.5 by adding a complexing agent such as ammonia and an alkaline solution simultaneously with the mixed aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt. It is preferable to adjust and co-precipitate.

  In the pH region, when there is no complexing agent, pH = 10 to 11 is selected, and the temperature of the mixed aqueous solution is set to a range of more than 60 ° C. and 80 ° C. or less. In the absence of a complexing agent, when the pH exceeds 11 and crystallizes at 13 or less, fine particles are formed, filterability is deteriorated, and spherical particles cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the pH is less than 10, the rate of hydroxide formation is remarkably slow, Ni remains in the filtrate, and the amount of precipitated Ni deviates from the target composition, resulting in a mixed hydroxide of the target ratio. It will disappear.

  Therefore, in the absence of a complexing agent, by adjusting the pH to 10 to 11 and keeping the temperature of the mixed aqueous solution above 60 ° C., the phenomenon that the amount of Ni precipitation deviates from the target composition and coprecipitation does not occur. This is avoided by increasing the temperature and increasing the solubility of Ni. At this time, if the temperature of the mixed aqueous solution exceeds 80 ° C., the amount of water evaporation is large, so that the slurry concentration becomes high, the solubility of Ni decreases, crystals such as sodium sulfate are generated in the filtrate, and the impurity concentration A problem that the charge / discharge capacity of the positive electrode material decreases, such as an increase in the positive electrode material, is not preferable.

  On the other hand, when a complexing agent such as ammonia is used, the solubility of Ni increases, so that the pH range can be extended to pH 10 to 12.5 and the temperature range can be expanded to 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. Further, a hydroxide having a spherical shape and a high tap density can be obtained.

  The nickel salt is not particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble salt, but nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, and nickel chloride are preferable, and nickel sulfate is more preferable from the viewpoint of cost and impurities. Similarly, the cobalt salt is preferably cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, or cobalt chloride, and more preferably cobalt sulfate. Moreover, it is preferable to use sodium molybdate aqueous solution and ammonium molybdate aqueous solution for the molybdenum salt. This is because the chemicals are water-soluble and easy to handle industrially and are suitable for the present invention.

  As the lithium compound, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, or a hydrate thereof is preferable. As the nickel compound, nickel oxide, nickel carbonate, nickel nitrate, nickel hydroxide, nickel oxyhydroxide, or the like can be used.

  As the compound related to the additive element (Ni, Co), an oxide, a carbonate, or the like can be used, but it is more preferable to use a composite hydroxide or a composite oxide as described above.

As described above, a complexing agent such as ammonia is used in a mixed aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt, and at the same time, an alkaline solution is added and stirred at a constant speed under predetermined conditions such as pH and temperature. After the inside of the reaction tank reaches a steady state, the overflowed precipitate is collected, filtered and washed with water to obtain nickel cobalt composite hydroxide particles. Water is added to the obtained nickel cobalt composite hydroxide to form a slurry, and then a molybdic acid solution is added therein, and stirring is performed. After confirming that the mixture is uniform, a neutralizing agent such as sulfuric acid is added. By adding and adjusting the pH to 8 to 10.5, and performing filtration and washing with water, a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide whose surface is coated with Mo ₂ O ₄ is obtained.

The obtained molybdenum oxide-coated nickel cobalt composite hydroxide is fired at 600 ° C. to 750 ° C. in an air stream to obtain a nickel cobalt molybdenum composite oxide. Without passing through this step, Mo remains segregated on the surface, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform solid solution. For example, even if a predetermined amount of the molybdenum oxide-coated nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide and a lithium compound are mixed and sintered directly in an oxygen stream to synthesize the lithium metal composite oxide, the synthesized lithium metal composite oxide Since there are many different phases such as LiMoO ₄ and MoO _3, it is difficult to obtain a lithium metal composite oxide having a desired uniform composition.

  Moreover, although the firing temperature is limited to 600 ° C. to 750 ° C., if it falls below 600 ° C., it takes time to diffuse Mo due to insufficient heat. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 750 ° C., the diffusion of Mo proceeds so much that segregation of Mo occurs. There is no problem even if the firing atmosphere is an oxygen atmosphere.

  The positive electrode active material of the present invention is a mixture of a lithium compound and a nickel cobalt molybdenum composite oxide obtained through the above firing step, each in a predetermined amount, and at a temperature of about 650 ° C. to 850 ° C. in an oxygen stream. It can be synthesized by baking for about 20 hours. When the firing temperature is lower than 650 ° C., the reaction with the lithium compound does not proceed sufficiently, and it becomes difficult to synthesize a lithium nickel composite oxide having a desired layered structure. Further, when the temperature exceeds 850 ° C., Ni is mixed into the Li layer, Li is mixed into the Ni layer, and the layered structure is disturbed, so that the site occupancy of metal ions other than lithium at the 3a site becomes larger than 2%. Since the mixing rate of metal ions at the 3a site, which is the site, is increased, the lithium ion diffusion path is hindered, and a battery using the positive electrode is not preferable because the initial capacity and output are reduced.

  In addition, it is especially preferable that d50 of the particle size distribution of the obtained positive electrode active material is 3-15 micrometers, and a tap density is 0.8-2.5 g / mL. If it is out of the above range, the filling property of the positive electrode active material is lowered when the positive electrode is produced.

  The compositional variation that strongly affects the initial discharge capacity and the thermal stability is caused by the energy dispersion method using the energy dispersion measuring device (EDX device FALCON manufactured by EDAX) for the positive electrode active material made of the metal composite oxide of the present invention. taking measurement.

  The measurement is carried out by placing the composite oxide on a conductive double-sided tape on a sample stage with a thickness of several particles, making it in a vacuum state, confirming an image with an SEM, setting a measurement target, and performing measurement.

The measurement conditions are a voltage of 15 kV, a current of 10 ⁻⁹ to 10 ⁻¹⁰ A, an electron beam diameter of 3 to 5 nm, and an extraction angle of 20 °. In this measurement, information on a thickness of several μm is picked up by a part of the composite oxide particles.

In the above measurement, the intensity ratio I _Mo / I _Ni is measured 10 times when the peak intensity of Mo K line is IMo and the peak intensity of L line of _Ni is I _Ni, and the average value and standard deviation are calculated. The variation of the composition is judged based on these values. Even when measuring which range of the metal composite oxide, the standard deviation is the intensity of the intensity ratio I _Mo / I _Ni of the peak intensity I _Ni of L line peak intensity I _Mo and Ni in L lines of Mo It is preferably less than 1/2 of the average value of the ratio I _Mo / I _Ni . Within this range, it is shown that molybdenum is uniformly dissolved, and as a result, the initial discharge capacity becomes high enough to be replaced with lithium cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO ₂ ), and the thermal stability. Will be improved.

  Next, the positive electrode mixture forming the positive electrode and each material constituting the positive electrode mixture will be described.

General formula Li _{1 + z} Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ (where 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.21, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10) For example, the positive electrode using the lithium metal composite oxide represented by (2) is produced as follows.

  A powdered positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder are mixed, and activated carbon and a target solvent such as viscosity adjustment are added as necessary, and these are kneaded to prepare a positive electrode mixture paste. The respective mixing ratios in the positive electrode mixture are also important factors that determine the performance of the lithium secondary battery. When the total mass of the solid content of the positive electrode mixture excluding the solvent is 100% by mass, the content of the positive electrode active material is 60 to 95% by mass, respectively, as in the case of the positive electrode of a general lithium secondary battery. It is desirable that the content is 1 to 20% by mass and the content of the binder is 1 to 20% by mass. The obtained positive electrode mixture paste is applied to the surface of a current collector made of, for example, aluminum foil, and dried to scatter the solvent. If necessary, pressurization may be performed by a roll press or the like to increase the electrode density. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode can be produced. The sheet-like positive electrode can be cut into an appropriate size according to the intended battery and used for battery production. However, the manufacturing method of the positive electrode is not limited to the above-described examples, and may depend on other methods.

  In producing the positive electrode, as the conductive agent, for example, graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, etc.), carbon black materials such as acetylene black, ketjen black, and the like can be used. As the binder, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene propylene diene rubber, fluororubber, styrene butadiene, cellulose resin, polyacrylic acid, and the like can be used.

  The binder plays a role of holding the active material particles, and for example, fluorine-containing resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and fluororubber, and thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene can be used. If necessary, a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and activated carbon are dispersed, and a solvent that dissolves the binder is added to the positive electrode mixture. Specifically, an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone can be used as the solvent. Moreover, activated carbon can be added to the positive electrode mixture in order to increase the electric double layer capacity.

(2) Negative electrode For the negative electrode, metallic lithium, lithium alloy, or the like, and a negative electrode mixture made by mixing a binder with a negative electrode active material capable of occluding and desorbing lithium ions and adding an appropriate solvent to form a paste. In addition, it is applied to the surface of a metal foil current collector such as copper, dried, and compressed to increase the electrode density as necessary.

  As the negative electrode active material, for example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, a fired organic compound such as phenol resin, or a powdery carbon material such as coke can be used. In this case, as the negative electrode binder, a fluorine-containing resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride can be used as in the case of the positive electrode, and the active material and the solvent for dispersing the binder include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Organic solvents can be used.

(3) Separator A separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and retains the electrolyte, and a thin film such as polyethylene or polypropylene and a film having many fine holes can be used.

(4) Non-aqueous electrolyte The non-aqueous electrolyte is obtained by dissolving a lithium salt as a supporting salt in an organic solvent.

  Examples of the organic solvent include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and trifluoropropylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate; and tetrahydrofuran, 2- One kind selected from ether compounds such as methyltetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane, sulfur compounds such as ethylmethylsulfone and butanesultone, phosphorus compounds such as triethyl phosphate and trioctyl phosphate, etc. are used alone or in admixture of two or more. be able to.

As the supporting salt, LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiClO ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , or a composite salt thereof can be used.

  Furthermore, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution may contain a radical scavenger, a surfactant, a flame retardant, and the like.

(5) Shape and configuration of battery The shape of the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention composed of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte described above is various, such as a cylindrical type and a laminated type. be able to.

  In any case, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated via a separator to form an electrode body, and this electrode body is impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode terminal communicating with the outside, and the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode terminal communicating with the outside are connected using a current collecting lead or the like. The battery having the above structure can be sealed in a battery case to complete the battery.

Example 1
A mixed solution of nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate and a sodium molybdate aqueous solution were prepared so that the molar ratio of nickel: cobalt was 84:15. First, the mixed solution of nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate was complexed with 25% sodium hydroxide solution. Ammonia was simultaneously added to the reaction vessel as an agent, the pH was kept in the range of 10 to 12.5, the reaction temperature was kept constant in the range of 50 ° C to 80 ° C, and overflowed after the reaction vessel was in a steady state. The precipitate was collected, filtered and washed with water to produce nickel cobalt composite hydroxide particles. Next, after the obtained nickel cobalt composite hydroxide was slurried with water at room temperature, an aqueous sodium molybdate solution was added so that the molar ratio of nickel: cobalt: molybdenum was 84: 15: 1. The pH was adjusted to 8 to 10.5 using 47% sulfuric acid while stirring uniformly. Thereafter, the entire amount of the hydroxide slurry in the reaction vessel was recovered, filtered, washed with water and dried to obtain a dry powder of molybdenum oxide-coated nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide.

  30 g of the obtained composite hydroxide was inserted into a 5 cm × 12 cm × 3 cm magnesia firing container, and 700 ° C. at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min in an air stream with a flow rate of 3 L / min using a closed electric furnace. After heating up to 0 ° C. and firing for 10 hours, the furnace was cooled to room temperature.

  After the obtained nickel-cobalt-molybdenum composite oxide and commercially available lithium hydroxide (manufactured by FMC) were weighed so that the atomic ratio of the sum of nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum to lithium was 1: 1.05, The mixture was sufficiently mixed using a shaker mixer (WAB, TURBULA Type T2C) at such a strength that the shape of spherical secondary particles was maintained. 20 g of this mixture was put into a 5 cm × 12 cm × 3 cm magnesia firing container, and heated to 730 ° C. at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min in an oxygen stream at a flow rate of 3 L / min using a closed electric furnace. After baking for 10 hours, the furnace was cooled to room temperature.

When the obtained fired product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, it was a positive electrode active material (Li _1.05 Ni _0.84 Co _0.15 Mo _0.01 O ₂ ) having a hexagonal layered structure as shown in FIG. D50 of the particle size distribution measured by Microtrac was 9.6 μm, and the tap density was 2.45 g / mL. Moreover, about the positive electrode active material which consists of this metal complex oxide, the dispersion | variation in a composition was judged by the energy dispersion method using the energy dispersion | distribution measuring apparatus (The product made by EDAX, EDX apparatus FALCON). The measurement was carried out by placing the composite oxide on a conductive double-sided tape on a sample stage with a thickness of several particles, applying a vacuum, checking the image with an SEM, setting a measurement target, and measuring.

The measurement conditions were a voltage of 15 kV, a current of 10 ⁻⁹ to 10 ⁻¹⁰ A, an electron beam diameter of 3 to 5 nm, and an extraction angle of 20 °. In this measurement, information on a thickness of several μm is picked up by a part of the composite oxide particles. In the above measurement, the intensity ratio I _Mo / I _Ni is measured 10 times when the peak intensity of Mo K-line is I _Mo and the peak intensity of Ni L-line is I _Ni, and the average value and its standard deviation are used. The composition variation was judged.

As a result of measuring the positive electrode active material made of this metal composite oxide 10 times by the energy dispersion method, the peak intensity I _Mo and Ni of the L line of Mo is measured regardless of the range of the metal composite oxide. The average value of the intensity ratio I _Mo / I _{Ni to} the peak intensity I _Ni of the L line was 0.050, and its standard deviation was 0.010. The standard deviation was less than ½ of the average value, and the composition of the obtained positive electrode active material satisfied the composition formula Li _1.05 Ni _0.84 Co _0.15 Mo _0.01 O ₂ in any range.

The initial capacity evaluation of the obtained positive electrode active material was performed as follows. 70% by mass of the active material powder was mixed with 20% by mass of acetylene black and 10% by mass of PTFE, and 150 mg was taken out from this to produce a pellet to obtain a positive electrode. Lithium metal was used as the negative electrode, and an equivalent mixed solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (made by Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) using 1M LiClO ₄ as a supporting salt was used as the electrolyte. A 2032 type coin battery as shown in FIG. 2 was fabricated in an Ar atmosphere glove box whose dew point was controlled at −80 ° C.

The prepared battery is left for about 24 hours, and after the open circuit voltage OCV (open circuit voltage) is stabilized, the current density with respect to the positive electrode is set to 0.5 mA / cm ² and charged to a cutoff voltage of 4.3 V to obtain an initial charge capacity. The capacity when the battery was discharged to a cutoff voltage of 3.0 V after a one hour rest was defined as the initial discharge capacity.

  The safety evaluation of the positive electrode is performed by CCCV charging (constant current-constant voltage charging. First, charging is operated at a constant current) to a cutoff voltage of 4.5V using a 2032 type coin battery manufactured by the same method as described above. Then, the charging method using a charging process of two phases of ending charging at a constant voltage.), And then disassembling with care not to short-circuit, and taking out the positive electrode. 3.0 mg of this electrode was measured, 1.3 mg of the electrolyte was added, sealed in an aluminum measurement container, and a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./degree using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) PTC-10A (manufactured by Rigaku). The heat generation behavior was measured from room temperature to 400 ° C. in min.

  Table 1 shows the elemental analysis values of the obtained lithium nickel cobalt molybdenum composite oxide, the initial discharge capacity obtained by battery evaluation, and the heat generation rate obtained by DSC measurement.

(Example 2)
A molybdenum oxide-coated nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, heated to 700 ° C. at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min in an air stream at a flow rate of 3 L / min, and fired for 10 hours. A nickel cobalt molybdenum composite oxide was obtained. This was mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the atomic ratio of the total of nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum to lithium was 1: 1.05, and using a closed electric furnace, oxygen at a flow rate of 3 L / min. After calcining at 500 ° C. for 2 hours in an air stream, the temperature was raised to 730 ° C. at a rate of temperature rise of 0.46 ° C./min, baked for 10 hours, and then cooled to room temperature.

When the obtained fired product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, it was a positive electrode active material (Li _1.05 Ni _0.84 Co _0.15 Mo _0.01 O ₂ ) having a hexagonal layered structure. D50 of the particle size distribution measured by Microtrac was 10.2 μm, and the tap density was 2.50 g / mL.

  Evaluation of the initial capacity of the obtained positive electrode active material and evaluation of the heat generation behavior of the positive electrode were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the initial discharge capacity and heat generation rate of the positive electrode active material obtained.

(Comparative Example 1)
A molybdenum oxide-coated nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar ratio of nickel: cobalt: molybdenum was 84.5: 15: 0.5. Then, it baked by the same method as Example 2.

When the obtained fired product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, it was a positive electrode active material (Li _1.05 Ni _0.84 Co _0.15 Mo _0.005 O ₂ ) having a hexagonal layered structure. D50 of the particle size distribution measured by Microtrac was 9.9 μm, and the tap density was 2.55 g / mL.

  Evaluation of the initial capacity of the obtained positive electrode active material and evaluation of the heat generation behavior of the positive electrode were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the initial discharge capacity and heat generation rate of the positive electrode active material obtained.

As shown in Table 1, in the lithium nickel cobalt molybdenum composite oxide obtained in Examples 1 and 2, molybdenum was uniformly dissolved, the initial discharge capacity exceeded 170 (mAh / g), and the lithium cobalt composite oxidation It can be seen that this is a material that can be used as a new battery material to replace the product (LiCoO ₂ ).

  Further, in the safety evaluation using DSC, the present inventors confirmed that there is no practical problem in terms of safety as an actual battery if the heat generation rate is suppressed to 11.00 J / sec / g or less. However, the positive electrode active materials shown in Examples 1 and 2 have a small calorific value of 11.00 J / sec / g or less, indicating that the material is highly safe.

  On the other hand, the lithium nickel cobalt-molybdenum composite oxide obtained in Comparative Example 1 is an example in which the amount of molybdenum substitution is small. However, when molybdenum is uniformly solid-solved and the initial discharge capacity exceeds 170 (mAh / g). However, the calorific value exceeds 11.00 J / sec / g, which is an undesirable material for safety.

  In order to take advantage of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention that has high initial capacity while being excellent in safety, it is suitable for use as a power source for small portable electronic devices that always require high capacity It is.

  Moreover, in the power supply for electric vehicles, it is indispensable to install an expensive protection circuit for ensuring higher safety in addition to ensuring safety by increasing the size of the battery. However, since the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention has excellent safety, not only is it easy to ensure safety, but also an expensive protection circuit can be simplified and the cost can be reduced, and the electric vehicle It is suitable as a power source for use. The electric vehicle power source includes not only an electric vehicle driven purely by electric energy but also a so-called hybrid vehicle power source used in combination with a combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine.

2 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of Example 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the coin battery used for battery evaluation.

Explanation of symbols

1 Lithium metal negative electrode 2 Separator (electrolyte impregnation)
3 Positive electrode (Evaluation electrode)
4 Gasket 5 Negative electrode can 6 Positive electrode can 7 Current collector

Claims (8)

An alkaline solution is added to a mixed aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt, the temperature is kept in the range of 50 to 80 ° C., the pH is kept in the range of 10.0 to 12.5, and nickel hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide are mixed. Step 1 to obtain nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide by precipitating, water is added to the composite hydroxide obtained in Step 1 to form a slurry, molybdic acid solution is added, and the mixture is stirred, neutralizing agent Is added to adjust the pH to 8 to 10.5, filtered and washed with water to obtain a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide coated with molybdenum oxide, and the molybdenum oxide obtained in step 2 is coated Step 3 in which the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide is fired to uniformly dissolve molybdenum, and the nickel-cobalt-molybdenum composite oxide in which molybdenum obtained in Step 3 is uniformly dissolved and lithium The compound is mixed, and the mixture is heat-treated at a temperature of 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower to obtain a lithium metal composite oxide Li _{1 + z} Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ (where 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.21, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10), and a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, Manufacturing method.   The method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a complexing agent is added to the mixed aqueous solution of nickel salt and cobalt salt simultaneously with the alkaline solution.   3. The method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the molybdic acid solution is an aqueous solution of sodium molybdate or an ammonium molybdate solution.   The method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lithium compound is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, or a hydrate thereof. A lithium metal composite oxide Li _{1 + z} Ni _1-xy Co _x Mo _y O ₂ (obtained by the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4. However, the positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, characterized in that it is made of powder of 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.21, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.10, −0.05 ≦ z ≦ 0.10) Active material. In any of the range of the powder, when measured several times by an energy dispersion method, the standard deviation of the intensity ratio I _Mo / I _Ni of the peak intensity I _Ni of L line peak intensity I _Mo and Ni in L lines of Mo Is less than ½ of the average value of the intensity ratio I _Mo / I _Ni . The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 5.   When used for a positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the initial discharge capacity is 170 mAh / g or more and the heat generation rate is 11.00 J / sec / g or less. A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery to be described.   A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 5 as a positive electrode.

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