JP4908444B2 - Reduction gear - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a speed reducer suitably used for a turning device, a traveling device and the like mounted on a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator and a hydraulic crane.

  In general, a swing-type construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator or a hydraulic crane is roughly constituted by a lower traveling body that can be self-propelled and an upper revolving body that is pivotably mounted on the lower traveling body. A traveling device that travels the lower traveling body, a turning device that swirls the upper swing body, and the like are provided with a planetary gear type speed reduction device for increasing the output of the rotation source (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

JP-A-2005-337400

  A reduction device according to this type of prior art includes a cylindrical housing provided with inner teeth on the inner peripheral side, and a planetary gear reduction mechanism provided in the housing for reducing the rotation of a rotation source, and the planetary gear. The reduction mechanism includes a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears that mesh with the sun gear and the inner teeth of the housing and revolve around the sun gear, and a plurality of protrusions that rotatably support the planetary gears. And a plate that is attached to the projecting portion of the carrier and prevents each planetary gear from being removed in the axial direction.

  In this case, a female screw hole is screwed in the tip surface of each protrusion provided in the carrier, and a plurality of bolt insertion holes corresponding to the female screw hole of each protrusion are formed in the plate. Then, with the planetary gears attached to the respective projecting portions of the carrier via bearings, the plates are secured to the front end surfaces of the respective projecting portions using bolts, so that each planetary gear is retained in the axial direction by this plate. It is the composition to do.

  When the sun gear is rotated by a motor or the like, each planetary gear rotates around the sun gear, and the revolution force of this planetary gear is transmitted to the carrier, thereby reducing the rotation of the sun gear and generating a large torque. The carrier can be rotated. In this case, the reduction ratio of the planetary gear reduction mechanism is set according to the gear ratio between the number of teeth of the sun gear and the number of teeth of each planetary gear, and the carrier can be rotated with a desired torque.

  However, in the speed reducer according to the conventional technique described above, the same number of bolt insertion holes as the plurality of protrusions provided on the carrier are formed on one plate. For this reason, in order to change the reduction ratio of the planetary gear reduction mechanism by changing the gear ratio between the sun gear and the planetary gear, when using an exchange carrier with different positions of the projections, the exchange carrier It is necessary to use another plate having a bolt insertion hole corresponding to the female screw hole of each projecting portion provided on the plate. Therefore, when changing the gear ratio between the sun gear and the planetary gear, not only the carrier but also the plate must be replaced at the same time, which increases the number of parts.

  Further, in the speed reducer according to the prior art, a plate is fixed to the front end surface of each projection provided on the carrier using a bolt, and the planetary gear supported by each projection is secured in the axial direction by the plate. . In this case, during operation of the speed reducer, each planetary gear normally revolves while rotating around the sun gear while causing a slight movement in the axial direction, and the plate is axially rotated from each planetary gear. The power to is always acting. For this reason, when the force in the axial direction repeatedly acts on the bolt for fixing the plate, there is a problem that the bolt is loosened and the plate is detached from the carrier (each projection).

  Further, in the speed reducer according to the prior art, the planetary gear is supported on each protrusion of the carrier via the bearing, and the plate is fixed to the front end surface of each protrusion, so that the bearing extends over the entire circumference by the plate. Will be covered. For this reason, for example, when performing lubrication work on the bearing during maintenance or inspection of the reduction gear, it is necessary to remove the plate from each protrusion of the carrier to expose the bearing, and the workability of the lubrication work on this bearing is reduced. There is a problem that it ends up.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and even when a replacement carrier having different positions of the protrusions is used to change the gear ratio between the sun gear and the planetary gear, the plate can be replaced. An object of the present invention is to provide a reduction gear that can be made unnecessary and can reduce the number of parts.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a cylindrical housing provided with inner teeth on the inner peripheral side, and a planetary gear reduction mechanism provided in the housing for reducing the rotation of a rotation source, The gear reduction mechanism includes a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears that mesh with the sun gear and the inner teeth and revolve around the sun gear, and a plurality of protrusions that rotatably support the planetary gears. The present invention is applied to a speed reducer constituted by a carrier provided with a portion and a plate attached to each protrusion of the carrier and preventing the planetary gears from being removed in the axial direction.

  A feature of the configuration adopted by the invention of claim 1 is that a plurality of first protrusions are inserted into the plate, which are arranged on a circumference having a predetermined diameter and into which the protrusions of the carrier are inserted. A plurality of protrusions that are arranged on a circumference having a diameter different from that of the fitting hole and the circumference on which the first protrusion insertion hole is arranged are inserted into a plurality of protrusions provided on the replacement carrier. The second projection insertion hole is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the second protrusion insertion hole is formed between the protrusion and the planetary gear in a state where the protrusion of the carrier is inserted into the first protrusion insertion hole. The present invention is configured to be provided at a position where a part of the provided bearing can be viewed.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, a cutout portion is provided at a peripheral portion of the first protrusion insertion hole so that a part of the bearing provided between the protrusion of the carrier and the planetary gear can be seen. The peripheral portion of the second protrusion insertion hole is provided with a notch that allows a part of the bearing provided between the protrusion provided on the replacement carrier and the planetary gear to be seen. It is in that.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the projections provided on the carrier are inserted into the first projection insertion holes of the plate so that the planetary gears supported by the projections are axially supported by the plate. Can be secured. In addition, in order to change the gear ratio between the sun gear and the planetary gear, when an exchange carrier having a different projection position is used, each projection provided on the exchange carrier is connected to the second portion of the plate. The planetary gear can be retained in the axial direction by being inserted into the projection insertion hole. Thus, in order to change the gear ratio between the sun gear and the planetary gear, even when two types of carriers having different projection positions are used interchangeably, the planets supported by the projections of these two types of carriers are used. Since the gears can be secured in the axial direction by one common plate, there is no need to prepare two plates corresponding to, for example, two types of carriers, and the number of parts is reduced accordingly. be able to.

  In addition, when the first protrusion insertion holes are inserted into the respective protrusions of the carrier, the plate can be securely grasped by inserting an operator's finger or the like into the second protrusion insertion holes. When the second protrusion insertion hole is inserted into each protrusion of the replacement carrier, the operator can insert the operator's finger into the first protrusion insertion hole to securely hold the plate. it can. Thus, when the planetary gear speed reduction mechanism is assembled in the housing, the plate is securely gripped using the first protrusion insertion hole or the second protrusion insertion hole, and the entire planetary gear reduction mechanism is Can be stably held, so that the workability of the assembly work can be improved.

  According to the invention of claim 2, when the first protrusion insertion hole of the plate is inserted into the protrusion of the carrier, a part of the bearing provided between the protrusion of the carrier and the planetary gear is It can be seen through the second protrusion insertion hole. For this reason, by supplying lubricating oil to a bearing through the 2nd projection part insertion hole, the lifetime of a bearing can be extended and the reliability of a reduction gear can be improved. In addition, since it is not necessary to remove the plate when the bearing is lubricated, the workability of this lubrication work can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the second protrusion insertion hole of the plate is inserted into the protrusion of the replacement carrier, a part of the bearing provided between the protrusion of the replacement carrier and the planetary gear is Since it can be seen through the one protrusion insertion hole, the life of the bearing can be extended by supplying lubricating oil to the bearing through the first protrusion insertion hole.

  According to the invention of claim 3, by providing a notch at the peripheral edge of the first protrusion insertion hole, for example, with respect to the bearing provided between the protrusion of the carrier and the planetary gear, the notch is passed through. Lubricating oil can be lubricated. Further, by providing a notch at the peripheral edge of the second protrusion insertion hole, for example, lubricating oil is supplied to the bearing provided between the protrusion of the other carrier and the planetary gear through the notch. be able to. For this reason, by always properly lubricating the bearing, the life of the bearing can be extended, and the reliability of the reduction gear can be improved. In addition, since the grease can be supplied to the bearing without removing the plate, the workability of this greasing work can be improved.

  Hereinafter, the embodiment of the speed reducer according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking as an example a case where the present invention is applied to a swing device of a hydraulic excavator.

  First, FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a swing provided between a lower traveling body and an upper swing body (none of which are shown) of a hydraulic excavator. Shows a circle. Here, the turning wheel 1 is disposed between the inner ring 1A fixed to the lower body 2 on the lower body side, the outer ring 1B fixed to the upper turning body side turning frame 3, and the inner wheel 1A and the outer wheel 1B. The inner teeth 1D are formed over the entire circumference on the inner circumference side of the inner ring 1A. Then, the outer ring 1B fixed to the turning frame 3 rotates around the inner ring 1A, so that the upper turning body turns on the lower traveling body.

  Reference numeral 4 denotes a turning device provided between the lower traveling body and the upper turning body. The turning device 4 transmits the rotational force to the turning wheel 1 to convert the upper turning body (the turning frame 3) into the lower traveling body ( It is made to turn on the cylinder 2). Here, the turning device 4 includes a hydraulic motor 5 as a rotation source, and a later-described reduction device 11 that reduces the rotation of the motor shaft 5A of the hydraulic motor 5 and transmits a large rotational force (torque) to the turning wheel 1. It is roughly constituted by.

  Reference numeral 11 denotes a reduction gear that reduces the rotation of the hydraulic motor 5 (motor shaft 5A). The reduction gear 11 includes a housing 12, planetary gear reduction mechanisms 16, 27, an output shaft 32, and the like, which will be described later.

  Reference numeral 12 denotes a cylindrical housing that forms the outer shell of the speed reducer 11. The housing 12 includes a stepped cylindrical lower housing 12 A fixed to the upper surface side of the revolving frame 3 using bolts 13, and the lower side A stepped cylindrical upper housing 12B fixed on the housing 12A with a bolt 14 is generally used.

  A bracket portion 12C protruding outward in the radial direction is provided on the upper end side of the upper housing 12B, and a casing 5B of the hydraulic motor 5 is attached to the bracket portion 12C using a bolt 15. Further, an inner tooth (ring gear) 12D is formed on the inner peripheral side of the upper housing 12B over the entire periphery, and each of the planetary gears 18 and each planetary gear 29 described later meshes with the inner teeth 12D.

  Reference numeral 16 denotes a first-stage planetary gear reduction mechanism that is located in the housing 12 and is located below the hydraulic motor 5. The planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 includes a sun gear 17, each planetary gear 18, and a carrier 20, which will be described later. , Plate 21 and the like.

  A sun gear 17 is spline-coupled to the motor shaft 5A of the hydraulic motor 5. The sun gear 17 is rotatably arranged on a sun gear 28 described later. The sun gear 17 rotates integrally with the motor shaft 5A of the hydraulic motor 5 and transmits this rotation to each planetary gear 18 described later.

  Reference numeral 18 denotes three planetary gears that mesh with the sun gear 17 and the internal teeth 12D of the housing 12, and these planetary gears 18 are rotatably supported by bearings 19 on projections 20B of the carrier 20 described later. Has been. Each planetary gear 18 revolves while rotating around the sun gear 17 as the sun gear 17 rotates.

  Reference numeral 20 denotes a carrier that rotatably supports each planetary gear 18, and the carrier 20 includes, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a disk-shaped support plate 20A having a smaller diameter than the tip diameter of the inner teeth 12D. The three projections 20B projecting from the upper surface side of the support plate 20A are supported by the support plate 20A on the base end side (lower end side). Has been. In addition, an annular groove 20C is formed over the entire circumference on the tip side (upper end side) of each protrusion 20B, and a later-described retaining ring 23 is attached to the annular groove 20C.

  On the other hand, a hole spline portion 20D is formed at the center of the support plate 20A, and this hole spline portion 20D is configured to be spline-coupled to a sun gear 28 described later. The carrier 20 rotatably supports the planetary gears 18 by the projections 20B, and rotates when the planetary gears 18 revolve around the sun gear 17, and transmits the rotation to the sun gear 28. is there.

  Reference numeral 21 denotes a plate attached to the front end side of each projection 20B of the carrier 20, and the plate 21 prevents the planetary gear 18 supported by each projection 20B from being removed in the axial direction. Here, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the plate 21 is formed as a disk having a slightly smaller diameter than the support plate 20A of the carrier 20, and a shaft insertion through which the motor shaft 5A is inserted at the center thereof. A hole 21A is formed. The plate 21 is formed with a first protrusion insertion hole 22 and a second protrusion insertion hole 24, which will be described later, surrounding the shaft insertion hole 21A.

  .. Are a plurality of (for example, three) first protrusion insertion holes formed in the plate 21, and the first protrusion insertion holes 22 are provided on the carrier 20. The tip side of the portion 20B is inserted. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, each first protrusion insertion hole 22 is disposed on a circumference C <b> 1 having a diameter D <b> 1 centering on the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 21 </ b> A provided in the plate 21. , And are formed at equal intervals (for example, 120 degrees) in the circumferential direction.

  Then, in the state where the planetary gear 18 is rotatably attached to each projection 20B of the carrier 20 via the bearing 19, each first projection insertion hole 22 drilled in the plate 21 has each projection. It becomes the structure inserted by the front end side of 20B.

  , 23,... Are retaining rings provided in an annular groove 20C formed in each projecting portion 20B of the carrier 20, and these retaining rings 23 are constituted by C-type retaining rings, for example. With respect to 20B, the plate 21 is retained in the axial direction. In this case, a slight gap is formed in the axial direction between the annular groove 20C and the retaining ring 23 in order to easily attach the retaining ring 23, and the plate 21 slightly moves in the axial direction by this gap. Thus, the axial force acting on the plate 21 from each planetary gear 18 can be absorbed.

  For this reason, for example, as in the prior art, it is possible to avoid the problem that the plate is detached from the carrier due to the loosening of the bolt, compared to the case where the plate is fixed to the tip of the protrusion of the carrier using a bolt. 23, the plate 21 can be securely removed from the carrier 20 in the axial direction.

  24, 24,... Are a plurality of (for example, three) second protrusion insertion holes formed in the plate 21 at positions different from the first protrusion insertion holes 22, and these second protrusions. The part insertion hole 24 is for inserting the front end side of each protrusion 25B provided in a replacement carrier 25 described later. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, each second protrusion insertion hole 24 is centered on the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 21 </ b> A provided in the plate 21, and the first protrusion insertion hole 22 is It arrange | positions on the circumference C2 which has the larger diameter D2 than the diameter D1 of the arrange | positioned circumference C1, and is formed at equal intervals (for example, 120 degree | times) in the circumferential direction.

  Thus, the first protrusion insertion hole 22 and the second protrusion insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21 are concentric with different diameters around the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 21A. It arrange | positions on the circumferences C1 and C2, and is arrange | positioned alternately at equal angular intervals (for example, 60 degree | times) mutually.

  Reference numeral 25 denotes a replacement carrier, and the replacement carrier 25 is configured in the same manner as the carrier 20 described above. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a disk-shaped support plate 25A and three columnar protrusions Part 25B. In addition, a circumferential groove 25C is formed at the tip side of each protrusion 25B, and a hole spline portion 25D is formed at the center of the support plate 25A.

  Here, a planetary gear 26 having a different number of teeth from the planetary gear 18 described above is rotatably supported via the bearing 19 on each protrusion 25B of the replacement carrier 25. Then, the tooth number ratio between the planetary gear 18 supported by the carrier 20 and the sun gear 17 is changed to the tooth number ratio between the planetary gear 26 supported by the replacement carrier 25 and the sun gear (not shown). By changing, the reduction ratio of the first stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 can be changed.

  When the replacement carrier 25 is used instead of the carrier 20, the planetary gear 26 is rotatably attached to each protrusion 25B of the replacement carrier 25 via the bearing 19, as shown in FIG. In the state, each 2nd projection part insertion hole 24 drilled in the plate 21 is inserted by the front end side of each projection part 25B. In this state, the planetary gear 26 can be retained in the axial direction by the plate 21 by attaching the retaining ring 23 to the tip side of each projection 25B.

  As described above, even when the carrier 20 and the replacement carrier 25 are exchanged to change the reduction ratio of the first stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 16, the first protrusion insertion hole provided in the plate 21 is used. 22 is inserted into each protrusion 20B of the carrier 20, and the second protrusion insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21 is inserted into each protrusion 25B of the replacement carrier 25 to be supported by the carrier 20. Thus, the planetary gear 18 and the planetary gear 26 supported by the replacement carrier 25 can be removed in the axial direction by a single common plate 21.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the first protrusion insertion holes 22 provided in the plate 21 are inserted into the respective protrusions 20B of the carrier 20 that supports the planetary gear 18, the second protrusions are inserted. An operator's finger or the like can be inserted and hooked into the insertion hole 24. Thus, as shown in FIG. 7, when the first stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 including the sun gear 17, the planetary gear 18, the carrier 20, the plate 21, and the like is assembled in the housing 12, the operator By assembling the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16, the plate 21 is gripped using the two protrusion insertion holes 24 and the entire planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is lifted. ing.

  On the other hand, when the second protrusion insertion holes 24 provided in the plate 21 are inserted into the respective protrusions 25B of the replacement carrier 25 that supports the planetary gear 26, as shown in FIG. Is configured so that the plate 21 can be gripped by inserting and hooking a finger or the like into the first protrusion insertion hole 22 of the plate 21.

  Reference numeral 27 denotes a second-stage (final stage) planetary gear reduction mechanism that is provided in the housing 12 below the first-stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 16. The planetary gear reduction mechanism 27 is a sun gear described later. The gear 28, each planetary gear 29, a carrier 30 and the like are included.

  Reference numeral 28 denotes a sun gear splined to the hole spline portion 20D of the first stage carrier 20, and the sun gear 28 is rotatably arranged on an output shaft 32 described later. The sun gear 28 rotates integrally with the first stage carrier 20 and transmits this rotation to each planetary gear 29 described later.

  Reference numeral 29 denotes a plurality (only one shown) of planetary gears rotatably supported by a carrier 30 described later. These planetary gears 29 mesh with the internal teeth 12D of the housing 12 and the sun gear 28. Each planetary gear 29 revolves while rotating around the sun gear 28 as the sun gear 28 rotates.

  Reference numeral 30 denotes a carrier that rotatably supports each planetary gear 29. The carrier 30 includes upper and lower support plates 30A and 30B that sandwich each planetary gear 29 from the axial direction, and the center of the lower support plate 30B. The part is formed with a hole spline part 30C. Then, both end sides in the axial direction of a plurality of pins 31 (only one is shown) are fixed to the upper and lower support plates 30A and 30B of the carrier 30, respectively.

  The carrier 30 rotatably supports the planetary gear 29 by means of the pins 31, and the planetary gear 29 revolves around the sun gear 28 while rotating around the sun gear 28, whereby the revolution force of the planetary gear 29 is applied to the output shaft 32. To communicate.

  An output shaft 32 extends in the housing 12 in the axial direction. The output shaft 32 is rotatably attached to the lower housing 12A via an upper bearing 33 and a lower bearing 34, and the hydraulic motor 5 Is reduced by two stages by the planetary gear reduction mechanisms 16 and 27 and output.

  Here, on one side (upper side) of the output shaft 32 in the axial direction, a shaft spline portion 32A protruding upward from the upper bearing 33 is integrally provided, and this shaft spline portion 32A is provided on the carrier 30 in the second stage. It is spline-coupled to the provided hole spline portion 30C. An annular pressure ring 35 is provided between the shaft spline portion 32A of the output shaft 32 and the inner ring of the upper bearing 33. The pressure ring 35 allows the upper bearing 33 and the lower bearing 34 to move in the axial direction. And the output shaft 32 is prevented from being pulled out in the axial direction with respect to the upper bearing 33.

  Reference numeral 36 denotes a pinion integrally provided on the lower end side of the output shaft 32. The pinion 36 protrudes downward from the housing 12 and meshes with the internal teeth 1 </ b> D of the swivel wheel 1. The pinion 36 transmits the rotation of the output shaft 32 that has been decelerated by two stages by the planetary gear reduction mechanisms 16 and 27 to the inner ring 1 </ b> A of the turning wheel 1.

  The reduction gear 11 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration. When the motor shaft 5A of the hydraulic motor 5 rotates, the rotation of the motor shaft 5A is reduced by two stages by the planetary gear reduction mechanisms 16 and 27 and output. The pinion 36 is transmitted to the shaft 32 and rotates with a large torque (torque).

  Then, the pinion 36 revolves along the inner ring 1A while meshing with the inner teeth 1D provided on the inner ring 1A of the turning wheel 1, and the revolution force of the pinion 36 is transmitted to the turning frame 3 via the housing 12, thereby turning. The frame 3 turns on the round cylinder 2.

  Here, when the planetary gear 18 is used for the first stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 as shown in FIG. 1, the planetary gear 18 is connected to each protrusion 20B of the carrier 20 via a bearing 19 as shown in FIG. Install. Then, the first projection insertion hole 22 provided in the plate 21 is inserted into the distal end side of the projection 20B, and the retaining ring 23 is attached to the distal end side of the projection 20B protruding from the plate 21, whereby the plate 21 Thus, each planetary gear 18 can be retained in the axial direction.

  On the other hand, when changing the reduction ratio of the first stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 16, the planetary gear 26 having a different number of teeth from the planetary gear 18 supported by the carrier 20 is used. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the planetary gear 26 is attached to each protrusion 25 </ b> B of the replacement carrier 25 via the bearing 19. Then, the second projection insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21 is inserted into the distal end side of the projection 25B, and the retaining ring 23 is attached to the distal end side of the projection 25B protruding from the plate 21, whereby the plate 21 Thus, each planetary gear 26 can be retained in the axial direction.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, the first protrusion insertion hole 22 into which each protrusion 20B of the carrier 20 is inserted and the protrusion of the replacement carrier 25 are inserted into one plate 21. The second protrusion insertion hole 24 into which the portion 25B is inserted is provided. Thus, even when the carrier 20 and the replacement carrier 25 are used interchangeably in order to change the reduction ratio of the first stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 16, the first protrusion insertion hole 22 provided in the plate 21 is used. Is inserted into each protrusion 20B of the carrier 20, and the second protrusion insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21 is inserted into each protrusion 25B of the replacement carrier 25, thereby being supported by the carrier 20. The planetary gear 18 and the planetary gear 26 supported by the replacement carrier 25 can be retained in the axial direction by one common plate 21. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare two types of plates, the plate corresponding to the carrier 20 and the plate corresponding to the replacement carrier 25, and the number of parts can be reduced accordingly.

  Next, in the present embodiment, the first stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is provided by providing the first projection insertion hole 22 and the second projection insertion hole 24 in one plate 21. The workability when assembling to the housing 12 can be improved. Hereinafter, the assembling work of the planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 will be described.

  First, as a pre-operation for assembling the first stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16, the output shaft 32 is rotated using the upper bearing 33 and the lower bearing 34 in the lower housing 12A of the housing 12 as shown in FIG. After the mounting is possible, the second stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 27 is inserted into the upper housing 12B. After each planetary gear 29 of the planetary gear reduction mechanism 27 is engaged with the inner teeth 12D of the upper housing 12B, the hole spline portion 30C of the carrier 30 is engaged with the shaft spline portion 32A of the output shaft 32 (spline connection). The sun gear 28 is inserted into the upper housing 12B and meshed with each planetary gear 29.

  Thus, after assembling the output shaft 32, the second stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 27, and the like in the housing 12, the first stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is inserted into the upper housing 12B. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, each protrusion 20 </ b> B of the carrier 20 that supports each planetary gear 18 of the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is inserted into a first protrusion insertion hole 22 provided in the plate 21. The second protrusion insertion hole 24 is vacant.

  For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7, the operator inserts a finger or the like into the second protrusion insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21 and holds the plate 21 so as to be sandwiched from the radial direction. Thereby, each planetary gear 18 can be meshed with the internal teeth 12 </ b> D of the housing 12 in a state where the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is lifted above the upper housing 12 </ b> B. In this case, the planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 tries to drop into the upper housing 12B by its own weight at the moment when each planetary gear 18 meshes with the internal teeth 12D of the housing 12, but the operator does not have the second 21 of the plate 21. By hooking a finger or the like on the protrusion insertion hole 24, the entire planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 can be held, so that the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 does not fall suddenly and collide with the sun gear 28 or the like. The planetary gear reduction mechanism 16, the sun gear 28, and the like can be protected from impact.

  Then, after each planetary gear 18 is engaged with the inner teeth 12D of the upper housing 12B, the hole spline portion 20D provided in the carrier 20 is engaged with the sun gear 28, so that the operator inserts the second protrusion. The plate 21 is gripped using the holes 24, and the entire planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is moved downward while rotating in the upper housing 12B.

  At this time, the operator can securely hold the entire planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 by inserting a finger or the like into the second protrusion insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21 and holding it. The operation of rotating the gear reduction mechanism 16 in the upper housing 12B and the operation of lowering the gear reduction mechanism 16 in the upper housing 12B can be easily and safely performed.

  Thus, the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is rotated in the upper housing 12B, and the hole spline portion 20D of the carrier 20 is engaged with the sun gear 28, whereby the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is assembled to the housing 12. The speed reduction device 11 can be assembled.

  Thus, according to this embodiment, the first protrusion insertion hole 22 into which each protrusion 20B of the carrier 20 is inserted into one plate 21 constituting the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16, and the replacement The second protrusion insertion holes 24 into which the protrusions 25B of the carrier 25 are inserted are provided.

  For this reason, in order to change the reduction ratio of the planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16, even when the carrier 20 and the replacement carrier 25 are exchanged, the first protrusion insertion holes 22 provided in the plate 21 are provided in the carrier 20. The planetary gears 18 supported by the carrier 20 are inserted into the respective protrusions 20B and the second protrusion insertion holes 24 provided in the plate 21 are inserted into the respective protrusions 25B of the replacement carrier 25. And the planetary gear 26 supported by the replacement carrier 25 can be retained in the axial direction by a single common plate 21. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare two types of plates, the plate corresponding to the carrier 20 and the plate corresponding to the replacement carrier 25, and the number of parts can be reduced accordingly.

  Further, when the carrier 20 is used, when the first protrusion insertion hole 22 provided in the plate 21 is inserted into the protrusion 20B of the carrier 20, the operator sets the second protrusion insertion hole 24. The plate 21 can be gripped using this. On the other hand, when the replacement carrier 25 is used, when the second protrusion insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21 is inserted into the protrusion 25B of the replacement carrier 25, the operator The plate 21 can be gripped using the partial insertion hole 22.

  For this reason, when assembling the first-stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 in the housing 12, the operator can use the first protrusion insertion hole 22 or the second protrusion insertion hole 24 provided in the plate 21. Can be used to stably hold the entire planetary gear reduction mechanism 16, so that workability when the planetary gear reduction mechanism 16 is assembled to the housing 12 can be improved.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the planetary gear 18 rotatably supported by each projection 20B of the carrier 20 is provided on the tip side of each projection 20B in a state in which the planetary gear 18 is retained in the axial direction by the plate 21. By attaching a retaining ring 23 to the annular groove 20C, the retaining ring 23 prevents the plate 21 from being removed in the axial direction.

  In this case, a slight gap is formed in the axial direction between the annular groove 20C of the protrusion 20B and the retaining ring 23 so that the retaining ring 23 can be easily attached. It can move slightly in the axial direction. For this reason, even if an axial force acts on the plate 21 from each planetary gear 18 during the operation of the speed reducer 11, this force can be absorbed by the movement of the plate 21.

  For this reason, for example, as in the prior art, it is possible to avoid the problem that the plate is detached from the carrier due to the loosening of the bolt, compared to the case where the plate is fixed to the tip of the protrusion of the carrier using a bolt. Thus, the plate 21 can be reliably secured to the carrier 20 in the axial direction.

  Next, FIGS. 8 and 9 show a second embodiment of the present invention. The feature of this embodiment is that the second protrusion insertion hole is provided between the protrusion of the carrier and the planetary gear. The present invention is configured to be provided at a position where a part of the provided bearing can be viewed. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the figure, reference numeral 41 denotes a plate according to the present embodiment, and the plate 41 constitutes a part of the first stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 shown in FIG. 1 in the same manner as the plate 21 according to the first embodiment. The planetary gears 18 supported by the protrusions 20B of the carrier 20 are prevented from being removed in the axial direction.

  Here, the plate 41 is formed as a disc having a slightly smaller diameter than the support plate 20A of the carrier 20 in substantially the same manner as the plate 21 according to the first embodiment, and a shaft insertion hole 41A is formed in the center thereof. It is installed. The plate 41 is formed with a first protrusion insertion hole 42 and a second protrusion insertion hole 43, which will be described later, surrounding the shaft insertion hole 41A.

  42, 42,... Are a plurality of (for example, three) first protrusion insertion holes formed in the plate 41, and these first protrusion insertion holes 42 are provided on the carrier 20. The tip side of the portion 20B is inserted. Here, as shown in FIG. 8, each first protrusion insertion hole 42 is disposed on a circumference C <b> 1 having a diameter D <b> 1 centering on the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 41 </ b> A provided in the plate 41. , And are formed at equal intervals (for example, 120 degrees) in the circumferential direction.

  43 are a plurality of (for example, three) second protrusion insertion holes formed in the plate 41 at positions different from the first protrusion insertion holes 42, and these second protrusions. The part insertion hole 43 is for inserting the front end side of each protrusion 25B provided in the replacement carrier 25 shown in FIG. Each second protrusion insertion hole 43 is centered on the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 41A provided in the plate 41, and has a diameter of the circumference C1 where the first protrusion insertion hole 42 is disposed. It is arranged on a circumference C2 having a diameter D2 larger than D1, and is formed with a uniform interval (for example, 120 degrees) in the circumferential direction.

  Here, each 2nd projection part insertion hole 43 is arrange | positioned in the position close | similar to the 1st projection part insertion hole 42, respectively. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the second protrusion insertion hole 43 has the protrusion 20 B and the planetary gear 18 in a state where the protrusion 20 B of the carrier 20 is inserted into the first protrusion insertion hole 42. A portion of the bearing 19 provided between the planetary gear 18 and the tooth tip 18A of the planetary gear 18 is provided at a position where a radial gap 44 is formed.

  The speed reduction device according to the present embodiment includes the plate 41 as described above. Also in the present embodiment, the first protrusion insertion in which each protrusion 20B of the carrier 20 is inserted into one plate 41. Corresponding to the plate corresponding to the carrier 20 and the replacement carrier 25 by providing the fitting holes 42 and the second protrusion insertion holes 43 into which the respective protrusions 25B of the replacement carrier 25 are inserted. It is not necessary to prepare two types of plates separately from the plate to be performed, and the number of parts can be reduced.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, the first protrusion insertion hole 42 provided in the plate 41 is inserted into the protrusion 20B of the carrier 20, and between the protrusion 20B and the planetary gear 18. Part of the provided bearing 19 can be viewed through the second protrusion insertion hole 43. For this reason, by supplying lubricating oil to the bearing 19 through the second protrusion insertion hole 43, the life of the bearing 19 can be extended, and the reliability of the entire reduction gear can be improved.

  In this case, since the bearing 19 can be greased through the second protrusion insertion hole 43, it is not necessary to remove the plate 41 from the carrier 20 during the grease work, and the workability of the grease work can be improved. Can do.

  Further, since a radial gap 44 is formed between the tooth tip 18A of the planetary gear 18 supported by the projection 20B of the carrier 20 and the second projection insertion hole 43, the gap 44 is formed in the gap 44. The plate 41 can be gripped by inserting the operator's fingers, jigs and the like and hooking it on the peripheral edge of the second protrusion insertion hole 43. Thus, when the planetary gear speed reduction mechanism is assembled in the housing 12 shown in FIG. 1, the entire planetary gear speed reduction mechanism can be held using the second protrusion insertion holes 43 provided in the plate 41. The workability of this assembling work can be improved.

  Next, FIGS. 10 to 12 show a third embodiment of the present invention. The feature of the present embodiment is that the peripheral portion of the first protrusion insertion hole and the second protrusion insertion hole are the same. A notch is provided at the peripheral edge so that a part of the bearing can be seen. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the figure, reference numeral 51 denotes a plate according to the present embodiment, and the plate 51 constitutes a part of the first stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 16 shown in FIG. 1 like the plate 21 according to the first embodiment. The planetary gears 18 supported by the protrusions 20B of the carrier 20 are prevented from being removed in the axial direction.

  Here, the plate 51 is formed as a disk having a slightly smaller diameter than the support plate 20A of the carrier 20 in substantially the same manner as the plate 21 according to the first embodiment, and a shaft insertion hole 51A is formed at the center thereof. It is installed. The plate 51 is formed with a first protrusion insertion hole 52 and a second protrusion insertion hole 53, which will be described later, surrounding the shaft insertion hole 51A.

  52 are a plurality of (for example, three) first protrusion insertion holes formed in the plate 51, and these first protrusion insertion holes 52 are provided on the carrier 20. The tip side of the portion 20B is inserted. Here, as shown in FIG. 10, each first protrusion insertion hole 52 is disposed on a circumference C <b> 1 having a diameter D <b> 1 centering on the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 51 </ b> A provided in the plate 51. , And are formed at equal intervals (for example, 120 degrees) in the circumferential direction.

  In addition, a semicircular cutout 52A that protrudes toward the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 51A is provided at the peripheral edge of the first protrusion insertion hole 52. Thus, as shown in FIG. 10, the first protrusion insertion hole 52 provided in the plate 51 is inserted into the protrusion 20 </ b> B of the carrier 20, so that the protrusion 20 </ b> B and the planetary gear 18 are interposed. A part of the provided bearing 19 can be viewed through the notch 52A, and the lubricating oil can be supplied to the bearing 19 through the notch 52A.

  53 are a plurality of (for example, three) second protrusion insertion holes formed in the plate 51 at positions different from the first protrusion insertion holes 52. These second protrusions The part insertion hole 53 is for inserting the tip end side of each protrusion 25B provided in the replacement carrier 25 shown in FIG. Here, each second protrusion insertion hole 53 is centered on the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 51A provided in the plate 51, and has a circumference C1 where the first protrusion insertion hole 52 is disposed. It is arranged on a circumference C2 having a diameter D2 larger than the diameter D1, and is formed with a uniform interval (for example, 120 degrees) in the circumferential direction.

  Thus, the first protrusion insertion hole 52 and the second protrusion insertion hole 53 provided in the plate 51 are concentric with different diameters around the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 51A. It arrange | positions on the circumferences C1 and C2, and is arrange | positioned alternately at equal angular intervals (for example, 60 degree | times) mutually.

  In addition, a semicircular cutout 53A that protrudes toward the hole center O of the shaft insertion hole 51A is provided at the peripheral edge of the second protrusion insertion hole 53. As a result, as shown in FIG. 12, the second protrusion insertion hole 53 provided in the plate 51 is inserted into the protrusion 25B of the replacement carrier 25 and the protrusion 25B and the planetary gear 26 are inserted. A part of the bearing 19 provided between the two can be viewed through the notch 53A, and the lubricating oil can be supplied to the bearing 19 through the notch 53A.

  The speed reducer according to the present embodiment includes the plate 51 as described above, and includes a first protrusion insertion hole 52 into which each protrusion 20B of the carrier 20 is inserted into one plate 51, and a replacement. The basic effect of providing the second protrusion insertion holes 53 into which the protrusions 25B of the carrier 25 are inserted is not particularly different from the first embodiment described above.

  However, according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, in the state where the first protrusion insertion hole 52 provided in the plate 51 is inserted into the protrusion 20B of the carrier 20, the protrusion 20B A part of the bearing 19 provided between the planetary gear 18 and the planetary gear 18 can be seen through the notch 52A provided in the first protrusion insertion hole 52. For this reason, by supplying lubricating oil to the bearing 19 through the notch 52A, the life of the bearing 19 can be extended, and the reliability of the entire reduction gear can be improved.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12, in a state where the second protrusion insertion hole 53 provided in the plate 51 is inserted into the protrusion 25B of the replacement carrier 25, the protrusion 25B and the planetary gear 26 A part of the bearing 19 provided therebetween can be seen through the notch 53A provided in the second protrusion insertion hole 53. For this reason, by supplying lubricating oil to the bearing 19 through the notch 53A, the life of the bearing 19 can be extended, and the reliability of the entire reduction gear can be improved.

  Further, since the bearing 19 can be lubricated through the cutout portion 52A provided in the first projection insertion hole 52 or the cutout portion 53A provided in the second projection insertion hole 53, the greasing operation is performed. Sometimes it is not necessary to remove the plate 51 from the carrier 20 and the workability of the greasing work can be improved.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the columnar protrusion 20 </ b> B that supports the planetary gear 18 is integrally formed on the carrier 20 is illustrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a cylindrical pin made of a member different from the carrier may be fixed to the plate-like carrier.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the speed reduction device 11 in which the two-stage planetary gear speed reduction mechanisms 16 and 27 are provided in the housing 12 is illustrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a configuration in which a single-stage planetary gear reduction mechanism is provided in the housing, or a configuration in which three or more planetary gear reduction mechanisms are provided in the housing may be employed.

  Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the speed reducer is applied to a swing device for a hydraulic excavator has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, traveling mounted on a lower traveling body such as a hydraulic excavator. The present invention can also be applied to a rope winch or the like mounted on a device or a hydraulic crane.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a reduction gear according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied to a swing device for a hydraulic excavator. It is sectional drawing of the principal part expansion which shows the carrier, planetary gear, plate, etc. of a planetary gear reduction mechanism. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a plate, a carrier, a planetary gear, and the like according to the first embodiment when viewed from the direction of arrows III-III in FIG. 2. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows a plate and a carrier. It is a top view similar to FIG. 3 which shows a plate, the carrier for replacement | exchange, a planetary gear, etc. FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows a plate and the carrier for replacement | exchange. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which assembled | attaches the planetary gear reduction mechanism of the 1st step | paragraph in a housing. It is a top view similar to FIG. 3 which shows the plate, carrier, planetary gear, etc. by 2nd Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows a plate and a carrier. It is a top view similar to FIG. 3 which shows the plate, carrier, planetary gear, etc. by 3rd Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows a plate and a carrier. It is the same top view as FIG. 10 which shows a plate, the carrier for replacement | exchange, a planetary gear, etc. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Deceleration apparatus 12 Housing 12D Inner tooth | gear 16,27 Planetary gear reduction mechanism 17,28 Sun gear 18,26,29 Planetary gear 19 Bearing 20,30 Carrier 20B Protrusion 21,41,51 Plate 22,42,52 1st Protrusion insertion hole 24, 43, 53 Second protrusion insertion hole 25 Replacement carrier 25B Protrusion 44 Clearance 52A, 53A Notch

Claims (3)

And a planetary gear reduction mechanism that is provided in the housing and decelerates the rotation of the rotation source. The planetary gear reduction mechanism includes a sun gear and the sun gear. A plurality of planetary gears that mesh with the gears and the internal teeth and revolve while rotating around the sun gear; a carrier provided with a plurality of protrusions that rotatably support the planetary gears; and In a reduction gear configured by a plate attached to each projection and configured to prevent each planetary gear from being removed in the axial direction,
The plate has a plurality of first protrusion insertion holes arranged on a circumference having a predetermined diameter and into which the protrusions of the carrier are inserted, and the first protrusion insertion holes. And a plurality of second protrusion insertion holes into which the plurality of protrusions provided on the replacement carrier are inserted on a circumference having a diameter different from the circumference of the circumference. Reducer characterized by.   The second protrusion insertion hole is a part of a bearing provided between the protrusion and the planetary gear in a state in which the protrusion of the carrier is inserted into the first protrusion insertion hole. The speed reducer according to claim 1, wherein the speed reducer is configured to be provided at a position where the user can look into the vehicle.   At the peripheral edge of the first protrusion insertion hole, a notch is provided to allow a part of the bearing provided between the protrusion of the carrier and the planetary gear to be seen, and the second protrusion 2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein a notch portion is provided at a peripheral edge portion of the insertion hole so that a part of a bearing provided between the projection provided on the replacement carrier and the planetary gear can be seen. Speed reducer.

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