JP4903447B2 - Aquatic animal breeding method and breeding kit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an aquatic animal breeding method and a breeding kit. More specifically, the present invention relates to a breeding method and a breeding kit for breeding during a period of feeding phytoplankton immediately after hatching of floating organisms and swimming organisms.

  Massive breeding of aquatic animals is generally carried out for research on the ecology of aquatic animals. For example, barnacles are typical organisms that attach to various marine structures and the cooling water systems of thermal power and nuclear power plants. If organisms such as barnacles adhere to the cooling water systems, the flow resistance of cooling water increases and the flow rate decreases. The cooling efficiency of the condenser decreases. Therefore, each power plant takes various control measures such as mechanically removing the attached barnacles and suppressing the attachment of barnacles with an antifouling paint. In order to suppress the adhesion of barnacles, we are investigating barnacle adhesion inhibitors. For this reason, it is necessary to breed a large number of barnacle larvae.

Non-Patent Document 1 uses a breeding method and a cypris larvae for feeding large numbers of Nauplius larvae of Balanus amphitrite by introducing Chaetoceros calcitrans as feeding phytoplankton into the breeding seawater. A circulating flowing water type adhesion test method has been proposed (Non-Patent Document 1).
Kitamura et al .: Rearing method of vertical barnacle larvae and adhesion test of circulating water using cypris larvae, SESSILE ORGANISM 15 (2) p15-21,1999

  However, in the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, it was necessary to perform daily water exchange and feeding in the breeding of Nauplius larvae of the vertical barnacles. The water exchange is performed by collecting the larvae in a specific part of the beaker by phototaxis, collecting the larvae with a pipette, storing them in a new beaker, and adding filtered seawater. In addition, it was necessary to appropriately provide a keto ceras calci trans serving as a bait. In many cases, the phytoplankton serving as a food also has to be cultured separately, which has been a trouble for the breeder. Large-scale breeding of aquatic animals is often a means for the original purpose such as research on ecology, etc. In breeding, the less labor the breeder spends is better. Therefore, it is a burden for the breeder to perform such work every day. As described above, the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem in that various complications are involved in rearing Nauplius larvae of the vertical barnacles.

  In some cases, there has also been a problem that aquatic animals are killed by the growth of bacteria or the like in the breeding water.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides aquatic animals that are non-exchangeable and do not require feeding by feeding aquatic animals, phytoplankton, and phytoplankton culture medium into the same breeding water in breeding aquatic animals that feed on phytoplankton. It relates to animal breeding methods.

  In order to solve this problem, the present inventor has made various studies and found that aquatic animals, phytoplankton and plants in the breeding period after feeding the phytoplankton (hereinafter referred to as the initial life stage) immediately after hatching of the aquatic animals. It was found that the aquatic animal can be reared without changing water and feeding by introducing the plankton culture medium into the same rearing water.

The aquatic animal breeding method according to claim 1 is based on such knowledge, and in the breeding period of feeding the phytoplankton immediately after hatching, which is the initial life stage of the aquatic animal, the aquatic animal, the phytoplankton and the phytoplankton The culture medium is introduced into the same breeding water, and breeding is performed without changing the breeding water and feeding . Therefore, an aquatic animal in the early life stage feeds by introducing the aquatic animal in the early life stage to be reared, the phytoplankton that feeds the aquatic animal, and the culture medium for phytoplankton culture into the same breeding water. Because phytoplankton continues to grow on the phytoplankton culture medium, aquatic animals can continuously feed phytoplankton.

  The invention described in claim 2 is the method for breeding aquatic animals according to claim 1, wherein an antibiotic is added to the breeding water. Therefore, the growth of bacteria and the like generated in the breeding water is suppressed by the antibiotic.

The invention described in Claim 3 is the method for feeding aquatic animals according to claim 1 or 2, aquatic animals, Ri Oh in barnacles, transformed into cypris larvae barnacles from nauplii I keep it until I do it .

Further, an invention according to claim 4, in breeding method aquatic animal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, phytoplankton, diatoms der is, adding the silicon compound in breeding water < I am going to do that. Therefore, it is possible to breed phytoplankton that feed on diatoms.

Furthermore, the aquatic animal breeding kit that feeds on phytoplankton according to claim 5 includes an aquatic animal and phytoplankton that feed on phytoplankton for at least a period from the time of hatching until it grows into a form almost equivalent to an adult. And phytoplankton culture medium , aquatic animals, phytoplankton and phytoplankton culture medium are put into the same breeding water, and the aquatic animals are equivalent to adults immediately after hatching without changing and feeding the breeding water It is for breeding until it grows into a form.

  According to the aquatic animal breeding method of the present invention, it is possible to breed aquatic animals without replacing or feeding the breeding water in the early life stage breeding. Moreover, the labor of culture | cultivation of the phytoplankton used as a feed can be saved. For this reason, it is possible to greatly reduce the labor of the breeder.

  Furthermore, according to the aquatic animal breeding method according to claim 2, the probability of succeeding in breeding the aquatic animal in the initial life stage without changing water by suppressing the growth of microorganisms or the like that can be a hindrance to breeding. Can be improved.

  Furthermore, according to the method for raising aquatic animals according to claim 3, the nauplii larvae of barnacles feeding on phytoplankton can be bred without any water exchange or feeding until transformed into cypris larvae. it can.

  Furthermore, according to the method for raising aquatic animals according to claim 4, in the breeding of phytoplankton that feeds on diatoms, breeding can be carried out without any water exchange or feeding.

Furthermore, according to the aquatic animal breeding kit according to claim 5, in the breeding of aquatic animals that feed on phytoplankton for at least the period immediately after hatching until it grows into a form substantially equivalent to adults, Aquatic animals can be reared from adults to adults without changing water and feeding. Further, it is possible to observe the breeding over degree.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the aquatic animal breeding method and breeding kit of the present invention will be described in detail.

  In this embodiment, an aquatic animal in the initial life stage that is raised at the start of breeding, a phytoplankton serving as a food for the aquatic animal, and a phytoplankton culture medium for culturing the phytoplankton are introduced into the breeding water at the start of breeding To do. However, it is not always necessary to add them simultaneously. For example, when a sufficient amount of phytoplankton is initially added, it is not always necessary to add a phytoplankton culture medium at the start of breeding. In this case, the phytoplankton culture medium may be added several hours after the start of breeding, the next day, or the like.

  Phytoplankton means diatoms, cyanobacteria, green algae and the like. Aquatic animals that feed on phytoplankton are mainly zooplankton, larvae of crustaceans such as barnacles, shrimps and crabs, larvae of molluscs such as blue mussels, larvae of echinoderms such as crocodiles, It refers to larvae of polychaetes such as sandworms and is not particularly limited. In addition, the place of inhabiting is not particularly limited to oceans, rivers, lakes and the like. In this embodiment, barnacle larvae will be described in detail.

  In this embodiment, barnacles refer to vertical barnacles, red barnacles (Megabalanus rosa), barnacle barnacles (Acasta dofleini), white barnacles (Balanus albicostatus), white barnacles (Balanus reticulates), coralula And The life cycle of barnacles is fertilized by adults living in a fixed life, and fertilized eggs are hatched after growing to Nauplius larvae in the parent mantle. The hatched Nauplius larvae undergoes 5 moltings and transforms into Cypris larvae during the 6th molting. Cypris larvae do not feed, and when they find a suitable base within about two weeks, they secrete and attach cement material from the first antenna. After that, it begins to molt and transform again and enter into a fixed life.

  Hereinafter, the breeding method until the Nauplius larvae of barnacles are transformed into Cypris larvae will be described.

  In the present embodiment, diatoms such as ketoceros gracilis and ketocerascalci trans are used as phytoplankton as food for nauplius larvae of barnacles, but the present invention is not limited to this. Any phytoplankton that is smaller than the mouth of the aquatic animal that can be fed by the aquatic animal may be used. Quitoceras is a rectangular diatom, a phytoplankton with long spines at four corners. The size is about 8 μm for Keat Sera gracilis and about 6 μm for Keat Sera calcitrans.

In the present embodiment, as the phytoplankton culture medium, in the present embodiment, a commercially available algae culture solution (for example, KW21 manufactured by Dai-ichi Steel Co., Ltd.) is used. Any medium capable of culturing can be used. The components of KW21 are nitrogen (36 g / L as N), phosphoric acid (4 g / L as P), boron, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, EDTA, complex amino acids, complex vitamins (B ₁ , B ₁₂ Biotin, etc.). Further, for example, an F / 2 medium may be used. The composition of F / 2 medium is as follows: NaNO ₃ 7.5 mg, NaH ₂ PO ₄ · 2H ₂ O 0.6 mg, Vitamin B ₁₂ 0.05 μg, Biotin 0.05 μg, Thiamine hydrochloride 10 μg, Na ₂ SiO ₃ · 9H ₂ O 1 mg , f / 2metals 0.1ml, a seawater 99.9Ml, the composition of f / 2metals _{is, Na 2 EDTA · 2H 2 O} 440mg, FeCl 3 · 6H 2 O 316mg, CoSO 4 · 7H 2 O 1.2mg, ZnSO 4 · 7H ₂ O 2.1 mg, MnCl ₂ .4H ₂ O 18 mg, CuSO ₄ .5H ₂ O 0.7 mg, Na ₂ MoO ₄ .2H ₂ O 0.7 mg, and distilled water 100 ml.

  In addition, in this embodiment, since diatom is used as the phytoplankton used as food, it is necessary to add a silicon compound such as sodium metasilicate in addition to the phytoplankton culture medium. In addition, when using other phytoplanktons, such as a flagellar algae and a hapto algae, for example, a silicon compound is unnecessary.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, it is supposed that growth of microorganisms etc. will be suppressed by throwing antibiotics into breeding water.

  The purpose of water exchange, which has been a trouble for the breeder in the breeding method, is to suppress the growth of microorganisms and the like by excrement and carcasses, and to prevent the breeding barnacles from being killed. Therefore, in this embodiment, by introducing an antibiotic into the breeding water and suppressing the growth of microorganisms and the like that are the breeding inhibiting factor, all water exchange is performed in breeding from the nauplius larvae to Cypris larvae of barnacles. The probability of successful rearing without doing is to be improved (about 80%). According to the aquatic animal breeding method of the present invention, it is not always necessary to add antibiotics, and even when larvae of barnacles are raised without any antibiotics, a certain probability (70 %) Have succeeded in breeding barnacle larvae.

  In the present embodiment, for example, streptomycin or penicillin G is used as the antibiotic, but it is not limited thereto. For example, tetracycline or the like may be used. Moreover, the antibiotics to be introduced are not limited to one type, and several types of antibiotics may be introduced into the breeding container. Moreover, the timing of input is not particularly limited, and it may be input before the start of breeding of barnacle larvae, or may be input the next day after several hours of the start of breeding.

  In addition, it is more preferable to perform aeration when supplying oxygen in water. In this embodiment, for example, a sterilization filter is attached in the middle of the tube and a glass tube is attached to the tip for continuous aeration. However, the present invention is not particularly limited. It is good also as supplying oxygen by stirring, such as rotating on a bioshaker.

  In addition, it is set as continuous illumination about illumination, and about 2000-4000 lux is preferable. If the illuminance is below this level, the phytoplankton will not grow sufficiently, and the larvae of barnacles may die. In addition, even in the case of high illuminance such as 10,000 lux or more, larvae of barnacles may die due to growth of phytoplankton too early or growth inhibition by high-intensity light. The breeding water temperature is preferably 18 ° C. to 28 ° C. for ordinary barnacles, more preferably about 25 ° C., but is not limited to this, for example, cold barnacles at about 10 ° C. to 15 ° C. It is also possible to raise them. In the present embodiment, the breeding water is preferably sterilized seawater filtered with ultraviolet rays or a sterilizing filter, but is not limited thereto, and may be filtered seawater or artificial seawater. The salt concentration is preferably about 27 to 35%, but is not limited thereto. Also, the breeding container is not particularly limited, such as a breeding water tank or a beaker.

Also, using the breeding method of the present invention, aquatic animals, phytoplankton, and phytoplankton culture medium that feed on phytoplankton for at least the period immediately after hatching until they grow into a form almost equivalent to adults are kept in one breed. It is good also as a kit. In this case, as aquatic animals, for example, the crustacean Artemia naios or Artemia salina (Sea Monkey) can be used, but is not limited thereto. For example purchaser of the breeding kit renewal, without the trouble of any breeding such feeding, the aquatic animal is able to observe the growth over degree from hatch until adult. Furthermore, you may make it attach an antibiotic and a small water tank to a breeding kit. Also, by adding phytoplankton culture medium and antibiotics as appropriate, it is possible to breed for multiple generations without changing water, and the breeder can observe the growth process for multiple generations. Become.

  The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. In the above-described embodiment, the method for raising larvae of barnacles has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and zooplankton that feeds on phytoplankton, specifically, crustaceans such as barnacles, shrimp, and crabs. It can be reared in the same manner when applied to larvae of mollusks such as mussels, larvae of molluscs such as mussels, and larvae of echinoderms such as akauni.

Example 1
Using the method for breeding aquatic animals of the present invention, larvae of the vertical barnacles were bred. First, washed Nauplius larvae in a 2 L beaker so that the density becomes 3 individuals / ml, and streptomycin and penicillin G as antibiotics are 30 μg / ml and 20 μg / ml, respectively. Added to.

  In addition, Keat Ceras gracilis adjusted to 400,000 cells / ml as feed diatom, 1.0 ml of phytoplankton culture medium (KW21 made by Daiichi Steel) and 90 mg of sodium metasilicate as a silicon compound. added.

  The illumination was continuous illumination (2000 to 4000 lux), and the breeding water temperature was 25 ° C. Aeration was continuously performed using a sterilizing filter attached to the middle of the tube and a glass tube attached to the tip.

  In the case of breeding with daily water exchange without using antibiotics in FIG. 1 (daily water exchange in FIG. 1) and with non-antibiotic water without adding antibiotics (medium only in FIG. 1) An example of a comparison result is shown when antibiotics are added and reared in non-exchangeable water (antibiotics in FIG. 1). According to the aquatic animal breeding method of the present invention, it was confirmed that more than half of the animals were transformed into Cypris larvae on the fifth day of breeding regardless of the use of antibiotics. From this experiment, it was confirmed that even if breeding was performed without any water exchange or feeding, it was possible to breed with a high survival rate and transformation rate as in the case of water exchange every day. Moreover, it was experimentally found that cypris larvae of red barnacles, barnacle barnacles, shiro barnacles, sarah barnacles, and barnacles were obtained under the same conditions.

  From the above results, according to the aquatic animal breeding method of the present invention, it can be confirmed that it is possible to breed without raising any water exchange or feeding in breeding from nauplius larvae to cypris larvae of barnacles. It was. As a result, it was confirmed that larvae of barnacles can be bred in large quantities without the labor of the breeder. The same applies to other aquatic animals that feed on phytoplankton. The breeding method of the present invention can be applied to zooplankton that feed on phytoplankton, for example, larvae of crustaceans such as Artemia, shrimp, and crabs, larvae of molluscs such as mussels, and larvae of echinoderms such as crocodiles. It is.

When the breeding is carried out with water exchange every day, when the breeding is carried out with non-changing water without adding antibiotics, and when the breeding is carried out with non-changing water with the addition of antibiotics, the vertebrate barnacles 5 days after the start of each breeding It is a graph which shows the experimental result of the survival rate of a Nauplius larva and the transformation rate to a Cypris larva.

Claims (5)

In rearing in the period for feeding the phytoplankton immediately after hatching an early life stages of aquatic animals, it was charged with the phytoplankton and medium for phytoplankton culture and said aquatic animals in the same breeding water renewal and the breeding water An aquatic animal breeding method characterized by breeding without feeding . The method for breeding aquatic animals according to claim 1, wherein an antibiotic is added to the breeding water . The aquatic animals, Ri Oh in barnacles, breeding method of aquatic animals according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the barnacles, characterized in that the breeding until transformed into cypris larvae from nauplii. The phytoplankton, diatoms der is, breeding method of aquatic animals according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the addition of silicon compound to the breeding water. And a said phytoplankton and medium for phytoplankton culture and aquatic animals which feed the phytoplankton over a period of up to grow substantially equal form to adult immediately after at least hatching, the said phytoplankton and the aquatic animals plants An aquatic animal breeding kit for raising plankton culture medium to the same breeding water, and breeding the aquatic animal from immediately after hatching until it grows to the same form as an adult without changing and feeding the breeding water. .

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