JP4865550B2 - 外科手術用器具のための位置決め装置 - Google Patents
外科手術用器具のための位置決め装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 210000004197 pelvis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 39
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
本発明は、詳細に、しかし限定するものでなく、寛骨臼の補綴要素を正確に整列するために有用である。
大腿骨ステム(stem)の位置決めは、一般にそれほど複雑でないと考えられている。寛骨臼の構成部分の位置決めははるかに複雑であり、それを改良するような技術は、さらにほとんど開発されていない。現存する技術の幾つかは、複雑さの故に不適当である。調査報告書は、一般的な技術を用いる寛骨臼カップの外科手術中の位置決めを評価して、経験を積んだ外科医でさえも正確さに欠けることを明らかにした。
両方の構成要素、すなわち一対としての寛骨臼カップとシャフトとの最適な位置決めの欠如は、構成要素の脱臼、早期の損耗及び弛緩につながる衝突により、運動の範囲の制限に帰結することが示された。
- 観測者の変動性
- 患者の変動性(患者間の相違)
- 器具の変動性
位置決め装置は、以下を包含している。
- 器具に位置決め装置を固定するための器具固定手段
- 患者に固定された少なくとも一つの基準点を指示するための線形位置指示手段、そして、基準点は患者の特定な部分に固定される身体構造上の基準箇所又は目印のいずれかであってもよい。
- 位置決め手段
方法はまた、すでに配置されているカップの位置確認の測定も許容する。これは、ガイドをカップに合わせることよって可能となり、上前腸骨棘にピッチポインタを整列させた後で、ゼロに気泡を設定するために、水平保持器は曲げられる。そこで水平保持器は、外転と前傾の両方において方位を測定するための較正装置となることが出来る。電子装置においては、水平保持器の目盛盤を読み取ることになるだろう。
この場合に、ガイドと器具とから作られるアセンブリは、好ましくは、前述の角度を測定するための角度測定装置(角度計)を包含する。
・ 器具の変動性(ガイドの使用)
- 使用された器具に由来する相違
・ 二つの相違する面における目の調整
・ 前傾の軸に対するピッチ角を考慮しない(で手術台の位置決めを行うこと)
・ 標準器を用いて較正することができない機械式ガイドの使用
・ 客観性を増加することによって、大腿骨と寛骨臼との構成要素の配置方法を標準化すること
・ 標準の技術で外科医を訓練すること:重力支援ナビシステムを用いたガイドは、外科医の訓練を促進し且つ向上する。
・ 患者の位置決めの改善:重力支援ナビシステムを用いたガイドは、患者の位置決めを促進し且つ向上する。
・ 構成要素の位置決めのために使用される器具の精密化:異なる角度から見ることによって使用を可能にし、より容易な使用にする。
・ 器具の自動化(人的なエラーの回避)
・ 測定の繰り返し
・ 手術マニュアルで方法を標準化
・ 標準の(言い換えれば再現できる)技術で外科医を訓練すること
・ 患者の位置決めの改善
・ 構成機器位置決めのために使用する器具の精密化
・ 器具を自動化
・ (標準器を用いて)器具及び「患者の位置」の較正
ポインタ12は、上前腸骨棘7(図5、6及び14を参照)を用いてガイドシャフト8を整列するのに役立つ。
バー20は、骨盤の位置の同定を可能にする、例えば中指と薬指を用いた触診を介して、上前腸骨棘7と接触しなければならない。バーの端部のパッド40は、手術台41の平面に接して配置された場合に、垂直の位置決めを保証する基準表面を提供する。
ガイド2の正しい位置決めは、気泡式水準器10がゼロである時に得られる。骨盤の位置決めは、本発明の別の実施形態、腸骨稜13に固定される固定装置15に接続される気泡式水準器16から作られる位置決めウィットネス3(図6も参照)を用いて恒久的に確認さる。固定装置15は、「シャンツ(SHANZ)」ピン及び「ホフマンII(HOFFMANNII)」(登録商標)手動外部固定装置のクランプから作られても良く、シャンツピン(商品として入手可能)を介して腸骨稜13に固定することが出来る。
右9と左10の指示器は、工場で、又は二つの点の基準を考慮して外科医によって予め較正されて、外転と前傾において適切な位置決めを与える重力Fgの方向を精度良く同定する。これら二つの点、例えば上前腸骨棘7及び器具のシャフトの自由端部によって、骨盤の屈曲/伸展すなわち「ピッチング」は考慮される。
A:リアルタイムで骨盤の位置決めの調整
B:上前腸骨棘7を用いてポインタ12の整列
C:骨盤13と器具4、37との位置決めの恒久的な視覚化
D:所望する位置決めが得られたならば、しっかり固定
所望する前傾32又は「記録された」前傾は、較正装置の端部から読み取られる。
所望する外転33又は記録された外転は、較正装置の端部から読み取られる。
1- 真の側面の床ずれ患者1を載せて、恥骨及び仙骨の支持を用いて通常の仕方で骨盤13を固定する。
2- 上前腸骨棘7が、骨盤位置決め装置17(図4を参照)を用いて、重力Fgの方向に平行となるよう調整する。これは、「ローリング」及び「ヨーイング」において、骨盤13の当初の位置を調整する。
3- 消毒を行い四肢を無菌布で覆う。腸骨稜上の2cmの皮膚の切開を介して、シャンツピン15を埋め込む。
4- ホフマンII外部手動固定装置のクランプを使用して、位置決めウィットネス又はその他のどのような締め付け装置においてもゼロに設定する。ピンが回転しないようにするために腸骨稜で止められなければならない。これらは、手術中に、例えば、寛骨臼の拡孔及びカップの埋伏(図14を参照)時の要所の合間に、重力Fgの方向に関して当初の所望する配置に骨盤13を再設定することが可能になる。これは、重力Fg方向に関しては正しい位置を決め、骨盤13に関しては誤りの可能性を回避する。
5- 最終の拡孔までは通常の外科手術の技術を用いて続ける。骨盤13が位置決めウィットネス3(図15を参照)を見て当初の所望する配置にあることを確認し、もしも必要ならば、気泡がゼロに設定されるまで、骨盤13を動かして修正を行う。
6- 工場で予め較正されたガイドに対して、寛骨臼の内側に最終のリーマ37を配置し、容易に触診できる上前腸骨棘7の上にポインタ12を配置し、重力Fgの方向を精度良く同定するように、気泡が中央に位置するまでガイド2を動かす。
7- 予め較正された方位(外転及び前傾)に窩(cavity)を得るために、その位置でリーマを作動する。
8- 最終のカップ14を配置するために、ガイド2及びカップ位置決め装置4を適用して、ステップ5及び6を繰返す。
9- 患者のカップ14位置決めを測定するために、カップ14にカップ位置決め装置4を適用し、骨盤13が位置決めウィットネス3によって適切に位置決められていることを確認して、もしも必要ならば、修正を行う。上前腸骨棘7を用いてポインタ12を整列し、重力Fgの方向と精度良く一致するように、気泡が中央に位置するまで気泡式水準器6の支持部材を曲げる。
10- 較正装置23と連携して、カップ方向決め装置4及びガイド2をねじ込む。
11- 上前腸骨棘7の位置をシミュレートするフォーク28、29の一つの上にポインタ12を配置しながら、重力Fgの方向と一致するように気泡が中央に位置するまで、器具の要素4、2の両方を動かして、対応している外転と前傾を円盤27、31から読み取る。
第一の利点において、寛骨臼カップ位置決めの正確さと精度を向上させて、リアルタイムな骨盤と寛骨臼とのカップ位置決めを提供することによって、カップの外転と前傾の両方が達成される。
2 位置決め装置/ガイド
3 位置決め装置/ウィットネス
4 寛骨臼補綴カップ器具
5 寛骨臼
6 ガイドの気泡式水準器
7 上前腸骨棘
8 ガイドシャフト
9 右の指示計
10 左の指示計
11 固定手段
12 ポインタ
13 骨盤/腸骨稜
14 補綴カップ
15 骨盤ウィットネス固定装置/フレーム
16 骨盤ウィットネス位置決め手段
17 骨盤位置決め装置
18 支持部材
19 骨盤位置決め装置の位置決め手段
20 バー
21 長さの調整手段
22 骨盤感触器
23 較正装置
24 基盤
25 気泡式水準器
26 高さ調整器
27 ジンバル機構で装着された前傾を測定するための計器
28 右股関節部の較正フォーク
29 左股関節部の較正フォーク
30 前傾のための回転軸
31 外転のための計器
32 外転のための回転軸
33 円盤の端部で読み取られるようになっている外転及び前傾
34 カップ位置決め装置を固定するためのネジが切られた穴
35 ガイドフレーム
36 ネジ式固定手段
37 外科手術用器具
38 レーザポインタ
39 骨盤位置決め装置のフレーム
40 (手術台上にある)骨盤位置決め装置のパッド
41 手術台(平面)
Claims (10)
- 寛骨臼の補綴カップを取り付けるカップ位置決め装置又はリーマを含む外科手術用器具(4,37)と、外科手術用器具(4,37)を方向付けるガイド(2)と、骨盤の向きを定める骨盤位置決め装置(17)とを備える外科手術の組合せ器具であって、
前記ガイド(2)は、シャフト(8)と、
外科手術用器具(4,37)を固定するための器具固定手段(11)と、
前記シャフト(8)と前記器具固定手段(11)との間に位置するフレーム(35)と、
前記シャフト(8)の遠位端部に配置され、前記シャフト(8)を上前腸骨棘に向けて方向づける位置指示手段(12,38)と、
重力の方向に垂直な基準平面を画定するように配置され、前記シャフト(8)を方向づける第1の水準器(9,10)とを含み、
骨盤位置決め装置は、左右の上前腸骨棘が重力方向に並ぶように骨盤の向きを調整可能に形成されている第2の水準器を含み、
前記第1の水準器は、二つの気泡式水準器(9,10)を含み、
左右の上前腸骨棘が重力方向に並ぶように骨盤の向きを調整した状態において、前記ガイドのシャフトを上前腸骨棘に向けて方向付け、更に第1の水準器が水平を示すまで前記ガイドを動かすことにより、補綴カップ又はリーマの位置決めが行なわれるように、前記ガイドの第1の水準器が患者の骨格に合わせて予め校正可能であることを特徴とする、外科手術の組合せ器具。 - 前記位置指示手段が、前記シャフト(8)の方向に関して、角度で位置決めされる一対の平行シャフト(12)を具備する、請求項1に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
- 前記位置指示手段が、レーザビーム(38)を具備する、請求項1に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
- 前記第1の水準器(9,10)は、向きの調整が可能である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
- 一つの気泡式水準器(9)が、右股関節部に関して前記ガイド(2)に固定される器具(4,37)を位置決めするようになっていて、他の気泡式水準器(10)が、左股関節部に関して前記器具(4,37)を位置決めするようになっている、請求項1に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
- 前記器具固定手段(11)は、前記ガイド(2)の器具(4,37)への迅速な取り付け又は前記ガイド(2)の器具(4,37)からの迅速な取り外しを可能にするように形成されている、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
- 外科手術用器具(4,37)は、シャフトと、シャフトの近位端部に配置されているハンドルとを含み、シャフトは、リーマ又はカップ位置決め装置のいずれかを受容するようになっている遠位端部を有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
- 前記骨盤位置決め装置(17)は、それぞれに感触器(22)を有する二つのアーム(20)及び位置決め手段(19)を有する、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
- 骨盤の位置決めウィットネス(3)を更に備え、
前記骨盤の位置決めウィットネスは、骨盤(13)に前記骨盤の位置決めウィットネス(3)を固定するための骨盤固定手段(15)及び位置決め手段(16)を含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。 - 上前腸骨棘と股関節中心との間の角度を測定するための角度測定装置を更に備える、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の外科手術の組合せ器具。
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CH0300502 | 2003-07-24 | ||
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US (1) | US8764758B2 (ja) |
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- 2004-07-23 WO PCT/CH2004/000466 patent/WO2005009303A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2004-07-23 JP JP2006520648A patent/JP4865550B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-23 EP EP04738106A patent/EP1651151B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-23 US US10/565,002 patent/US8764758B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5141512A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1992-08-25 | Farmer Malcolm H | Alignment of hip joint sockets in hip joint replacement |
US6102915A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 2000-08-15 | Advanced Technical Fabrication | Hip prosthesis positioning instrument |
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WO2002067784A2 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2002-09-06 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Surgical navigation systems and processes for unicompartmental knee |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8764758B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
EP1651151B1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
WO2005009303A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
EP1651151A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
US20060184177A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
JP2006528496A (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
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