JP4863312B2 - Excavation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavation method that is performed when an embedded object such as a lead-in pipe is updated or newly installed, and more particularly, to a new method called “MDP” (minimum digging process).

  Conventionally, lead pipes have been frequently used as water pipes (water supply pipes) for drawing water into residential land from the viewpoint of workability and economy. However, since lead itself is an accumulative poison, if the lead elutes for some reason, tap water may be contaminated. Therefore, in recent years, with the revision and enforcement of water supply standards, the existing lead pipes buried underground are replaced with other highly safe pipe materials (eg, polyethylene pipes, rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes, stainless steel pipes, etc.). There is a need.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for installing a lead-in pipe for piping a branch pipe from an underground pipe such as a gas pipe, a water pipe, and a sewer pipe and drawing it into a building along a road. . Specifically, first, a part of the paved road surface is cut with a circular cutter, and a lifting tool is inserted into the center thereof. A diameter expanding member is attached to the tip of the lifting tool, and the lifting tool is bitten into the pavement slab by expanding the diameter expanding member. Then, the cut pavement slab is removed by lifting the lifting tool with a crane. Next, the inside of the casing is excavated with a machine while the casing installed in the removed region is press-fitted with a hydraulic machine. Then, when excavating to the vicinity of the buried water pipe, the machine digging is stopped, and excavating while checking the water pipe manually. After that, when the lead-in pipe work is completed, the excavated earth and sand are refilled in the casing. At that time, the cement-based consolidated material is put into the hole in a state of being backfilled by about half, and after being mixed with the backfill soil with a squeezing tool, the backfill soil is rolled. Thereafter, the casing is pulled up and removed, and the remaining backfill is performed. Finally, after reshaping the roadbed, paving with quick setting concrete.

JP 2000-45675 A

  By the way, in recent years, in civil engineering work, not only the efficiency of work but also consideration for the environment, safety and durability has become important. Items that should be considered in terms of environmental properties include the treatment of residual soil generated by work or the handling of dust and sewage due to cutting of paved roads and excavation of roadbeds. From this point of view, it is also important to reduce the work scale (for example, to reduce the removal area of the paving slab laid on the ground), and if the work area of the public road is large, it may cause traffic congestion. .

  As a matter to be considered in terms of safety, it is necessary to avoid damaging or destroying underground buried objects that are not grasped by the operator during excavation. In addition, as a matter to be considered in terms of durability, the repaired pavement plate maintains flatness for a long period of time, and it is difficult to cause depression of the road surface.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to prevent damage and destruction even if an unexpected buried object is buried in the ground by performing a minimum excavation. It is possible to provide a new excavation method that can totally satisfy workability, safety and environmental performance.

  In order to solve this problem, the present invention is configured as follows.

The invention according to claim 1 cuts the outer periphery of a predetermined area set in the paving plate from the surface of the paving plate laid on the paved road surface to the roadbed under the paving plate, and the cut paving Paving plate cutting and removing step of removing the plate piece from the paving plate,
Prior to lowering the casing to the ground, the casing exposed to the inner bottom of the casing is sucked and excavated while checking the presence or absence of the buried object before placing the casing on the ground. Suction excavation process to construct vertical holes,
A backfilling step for backfilling the vertical holes;
Have
In the suction excavation process,
The casing is a size that allows the operator to suction and excavate the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing while confirming the presence or absence of an embedded object in the casing,
An arrangement step of arranging the casing in a predetermined area on the surface of the ground;
Prior to lowering the casing to the ground, confirming the presence of buried objects,
A suction excavation step for suction excavation of the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing;
When a buried object does not appear by the suction excavation, a descent step of lowering the casing to the ground following the suction excavation,
Have
In the suction excavation step, suction excavation is started only after the casing is arranged , and the ground exposed at the inner bottom of the casing is checked by the operator while checking whether or not an embedded object has appeared in the casing. in infested, it sucks the sand caused by the erosion, a step of sucking drilling drilling,
The descent step comprises:
When the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing is excavated by suction , the casing is lowered by its own weight,
A series of steps from the suction excavation step to the descent step is repeated until a target depth in the ground is reached.
By removing the pavement plate piece from the pavement plate and performing the minimum suction excavation, workability, safety and environmental performance can be satisfied as a whole. Also, in the suction excavation process, the suction excavation is started only after the casing is arranged and suction excavation is performed, and the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing is suction excavated while confirming the presence of the buried object, and the suction excavation is performed. If the buried object does not appear, the casing will be lowered to the ground following the suction excavation. it can. Moreover, it is a simple structure in which the casing is lowered by its own weight.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a casing is arranged in a predetermined area, and before the casing is lowered to the ground, the ground exposed at the inner bottom of the casing is sucked and excavated while checking the presence or absence of an embedded object. And suction excavation process to construct vertical holes,
A backfilling step for backfilling the vertical holes;
Have
In the suction excavation process,
The casing is a size that allows the operator to suction and excavate the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing while confirming the presence or absence of an embedded object in the casing,
An arrangement step of arranging the casing in a predetermined area on the surface of the ground;
Prior to lowering the casing to the ground, confirming the presence of buried objects,
A suction excavation step for suction excavation of the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing;
When a buried object does not appear by the suction excavation, a descent step of lowering the casing to the ground following the suction excavation,
Have
In the suction excavation step, suction excavation is started only after the casing is arranged , and the ground exposed at the inner bottom of the casing is checked by the operator while checking whether or not an embedded object has appeared in the casing. in infested, it sucks the sand caused by the erosion, a step of sucking drilling drilling,
The descent step comprises:
When the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing is excavated by suction , the casing is lowered by its own weight,
A series of steps from the suction excavation step to the descent step is repeated until a target depth in the ground is reached.
By performing the minimum excavation even in a place where there is no pavement plate, workability, safety and environmental performance can be satisfied as a whole. Also, in the suction excavation process, suction excavation is started only after the casing is placed and suction excavation is performed, and the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing is suction excavated while confirming the presence or absence of buried objects. If the buried object does not appear due to, the casing is lowered to the ground following the suction excavation, so even if an unexpected buried object is buried in the ground, the damage or destruction can be avoided in advance. it can. Moreover, it is a simple structure in which the casing is lowered by its own weight.

It is explanatory drawing of the underground pipe laying construction method to which 1st invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the construction procedure of the buried pipe laying construction method which performs the update or new installation of a buried thing. It is explanatory drawing of the cutting process of the pavement plate which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram of the circular cutter as an example. It is sectional drawing of the cutting process of the pavement plate which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the removal process of the pavement plate which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the removal process of the pavement plate which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the removal process of the pavement plate which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the removal process of the pavement plate which concerns on 4th Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the removal process of the pavement plate which concerns on 5th Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the excavation process of the vertical hole in a road bed. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the excavation process of the vertical hole in a roadbed. It is an external appearance perspective view of a casing. It is explanatory drawing of a propulsion construction method. It is explanatory drawing of the drawing method. It is explanatory drawing of a backfilling process. It is explanatory drawing of the buried pipe laying construction method to which 2nd invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the construction procedure of the buried pipe laying construction method which performs the update or new installation of a buried thing.

Hereinafter, although the embodiment of the buried object laying method to which the present invention is applied will be described, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. The embodiment of the present invention shows the most preferable mode of the invention. This applicant assigns the name “MDP Construction Method” (Minimum Digging Process) to the buried laying construction method to which the present invention has been developed, and as a construction method excellent in workability, environment and safety, It will be implemented and deployed widely.
(Embodiment of the first invention)
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a buried pipe laying method to which the first invention is applied.

  The ground on which a paving slab 1 (road) such as asphalt is laid on the ground is composed of an upper-layer roadbed 2, a lower-layer roadbed 3, and a roadbed 4 in order from the upper layer. The upper layer roadbed 2 and the lower layer roadbed 3 are provided immediately below the region where the pavement plate 1 is present. The upper layer roadbed 2 is a layer in which crushed stones of, for example, 30 mm or less are spread, and the lower layer roadbed 3 is a layer in which, for example, crushed stones of 40 mm or less are spread. A work object 5 that is an embedded object to be worked is embedded in the road bed 4 at a known target depth Dtgt. In this embodiment, the work object 5 is assumed to be a connection portion between a water pipe buried under a road, and more specifically, a water pipe drawn into a residential land or site. However, the buried object of the work object 5 is not limited to this, and includes a gas pipe, a sewer pipe, an electric or telephone buried pipe, and the like. A series of operations are pavement plate removal (step 1), vertical hole excavation (step 2), work object processing (step 3), vertical hole backfilling (step 4), and paving plate repair (step 5). It is advanced in the order.

  The buried pipe laying method (MDP method) to which the first invention is applied can be applied not only to the renewal of buried objects but also to the new construction. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a construction procedure of a buried pipe laying method for renewing or newly installing a buried object.

  The buried pipe laying method for renewing or newly installing this buried object is as follows: preparation work (step a1), pavement plate cutting work (step a2), excavation pavement plate processing work (step a3), suction excavation work (step a4), embedding Check the position and depth (step a5), determine whether the pipeline is newly installed or update the existing pipeline (step a6). If the pipeline is newly installed, lay the new pipeline (step a7). Road updating (step a8), backfilling (step a9), determining whether temporary restoration is necessary (step a10), if temporary restoration is not necessary, this restoration work (step a11), if temporary restoration is necessary This temporary restoration work is performed after the temporary restoration work (step a12). By removing the pavement plate piece from the pavement plate and performing the minimum suction excavation, workability, safety and environmental performance can be satisfied as a whole.

  Next, the construction of this buried pipe laying method will be described in detail.

[Removal of paving plate (step 1)]
The pavement plate removal (step 1) is a pavement plate cutting / removing step, in which a preparatory work (step a1), a pavement plate cutting work (step a2), and an excavation pavement plate processing work (step a3) are performed.

  In the preparatory work (step a1), a construction plan based on sufficient investigation is performed so as to satisfy the design conditions during construction, and preparations are made so as not to hinder the implementation process.

  In the pavement plate cutting work (step a2) and the excavation pavement plate processing work (step a3), the pavement plate 1 serving as a work area is partially removed. Although details will be described later, the outer periphery of a predetermined region is cut with a cutter to a depth reaching the upper layer roadbed 2, and the paving plate piece 7 (see FIG. 2) separated from the surroundings is removed using a clamp that can be raised and lowered. The pavement plate piece 7 removed from the pavement plate 1 is stored and stored in a predetermined processing bag.

Next, in order to form a paving plate piece separated from the surroundings, the outer periphery of a predetermined area set in the paving plate is cut from the surface of the paving plate laid on the ground to the roadbed under the paving plate. The paving plate cutting and removing step for removing the cut paving plate piece from the paving plate will be described in detail. The paving plate cutting and removing step includes a step of cutting the paving plate 1, a step of setting a clamp in the cut region of the paving plate 1, and a step of removing the cut region of the paving plate 1.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the paving plate cutting and removing process of the paving plate 1 according to the first embodiment. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the fixed shaft of the circular cutter 8 is attached to the center O of the work area S set on the surface of the pavement plate 1. The work area S is located immediately above the work object 5 whose embedment location is known, and corresponds to a formation area of the paving plate piece 7 separated from the surroundings, as will be described later. In the MDP method, the work area S is defined as a circular shape having a relatively small diameter of about 900 mm in order to reduce the work area. The work area S for cutting the pavement plate 1 is sufficiently large enough for one worker to enter because the processing for the work object 5 is performed without cutting. An operator attaches the fixed shaft of the circular cutter 8 to the center O, and cuts the outer periphery of the work area S with the circular cutter 8 as shown in FIG.

  The circular cutter 8 uses a wet cutter that cuts the diamond blade while cooling it with water from the viewpoint of suppressing the release of dust generated during cutting. In this case, due to environmental considerations, sewage generated by the cutting is sucked by a pump (not shown) (for example, a vacuum pump or a pressure pump) simultaneously with the cutting by the wet cutter. This prevents inflow of sewage into the sewer due to cutting of the paving slab, prevents clogging of the sewage ditches and sewer pipes due to sludge, and prevents occurrence of trouble at the sewer final treatment plant.

  When cutting the pavement plate 1, the cutting edge of the circular cutter 8 is made incident on the surface of the pavement plate 1 obliquely. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3C, the side surface of the pavement plate piece 7 has a taper that reduces the diameter in the depth direction, in other words, the cross-sectional area of the pavement plate piece 7 in the depth direction. A taper is formed such that becomes smaller.

  The tapered side surface can be easily formed by devising the shape of the circular cutter 8. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the circular cutter 8 as an example. The circular cutter 8 having a diameter φ of approximately 400 mm has a dish shape with a blade tip side inclined rather than a simple planar shape. In other words, the plane is perpendicular to the central axis X up to a radius of about 39 mm, but from here onward, it is bent and extends at a predetermined inclination angle θ (for example, 10 degrees) with respect to this vertical plane. A cutter blade 8 a is provided on the outer periphery of the circular cutter 8. As described above, when the circular cutter 8 bent in a substantially dish shape is used, the incident angle of the cutter blade 8 with respect to the surface of the pavement plate 1 is maintained even if the rotation axis of the circular cutter 8 is arranged parallel to the surface of the pavement plate 1. is maintained at θ. Therefore, a taper inclined at a taper angle θ is formed on the side surface of the pavement plate piece 7 along with the cutting. Note that the same taper can be formed even when a general flat circular cutter 8 is used instead of such a special circular cutter 8. In this case, for example, the rotation angle of the circular cutter 8 may be inclined with respect to the surface of the pavement plate 1 so that the incident angle of the cutter blade 8a becomes θ.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the paving plate cutting and removing process of the paving plate 1 according to this embodiment. The operator attaches the fixed axis of the circular cutter 8 to the center O shown in FIG. 3 and arranges the circular cutter 8 so that the central axis X is parallel to the surface of the paving plate 1. Next, the operator lowers the circular cutter 8 rotating in one direction. Thereby, the cutter blade 8a is incident obliquely on the surface of the pavement plate 1 and cuts the pavement plate 1 obliquely with respect to the depth direction. The operator cuts the outer periphery of the work area S until the cutter blade 8a reaches the upper layer roadbed 2 immediately below the pavement plate 1 while displacing the circular cutter 8 along the outer periphery of the work area S (FIG. 5). (A)). As a result, as shown in FIG. 5B, the cutting grooves 6 that separate the pavement plate piece 7 and its periphery are formed obliquely, and the taper as described above is formed on the side surface of the pavement plate piece 7. An operator raises the circular cutter 8 after this cutting operation is completed.

  Next, the clamp 9 is fitted into the formed pavement plate piece 7. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the paving plate cutting and removing step of the paving plate 1 according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6A, the clamp 9 has a plurality of clamp arms 9b attached to the fulcrum 9a so as to be openable and closable. Each clamp arm 9b is swingably attached to the fulcrum 9a. The tip of each clamp arm 9b is made of the same material as that of the clamp arm 9b, and is provided with teeth for holding the object. First, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the operator lowers the clamp 9 and fits the plurality of clamp arms 9 b into the cutting groove 6 formed by the circular cutter 8 from above. Next, as shown in FIG. 6C, the operator raises the clamp 9 while maintaining a state in which the plurality of clamp arms 9 b sandwich the tapered side surface of the paving plate piece 7. When the clamp 9 is raised, due to the weight of the paving plate piece 7, the tips of the plurality of clamp arms 9 b are engaged with the tapered side surfaces of the paving plate piece 7. That is, at the time of ascent, the plurality of clamp arms 9b are displaced in the closing direction, and the respective tips abut against the side surface of the paving plate piece 7 and mesh with the side taper. Since the paving plate piece 7 has a tapered side surface, the engagement force increases as the lifting force of the clamp 9 increases, and the slippage of the paving plate piece 7 is also restricted. As a result, the clamp 9 can sufficiently obtain the engagement force necessary to hold the paving plate piece 7, so that the paving plate piece 7 can be removed easily and accurately.

  According to the MDP method having the steps as described above, workability, environmental performance ("friendly to the global environment"), and safety can be totally satisfied.

  In particular, according to the paving plate cutting and removing step of the paving plate 1, partial removal of the paving plate 1 can be accurately performed with a simple operation. That is, the paving plate piece 7 is removed by raising the clamp 9 holding the paving plate piece 7. Since the side surface of the pavement plate piece 7 is provided with a taper having a diameter reduced in the depth direction, dropping of the nipped pavement plate piece 7 is effectively regulated. Further, a special and complicated lifting tool for removing the paving plate piece 7 is not necessarily required, and the work can be efficiently performed by a general-purpose device having a simple configuration such as the clamp 9. Moreover, since the pavement plate piece 7 can be removed as one piece without destroying it and the generation of dust and noise due to the destruction can be prevented, it is excellent in environmental performance. Furthermore, when disposing the pavement plate piece 7 as an asphalt lump together, it can be transported compactly on the road by storing it in a dedicated storage bag, which is advantageous in terms of transportation and disposal.

  In the above-described embodiment, when the clamp 9 is raised, the tip ends of the plurality of clamp arms 9 b are engaged with the tapered side surfaces of the pavement plate piece 7 due to the weight of the pavement plate piece 7. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it is necessary to actively control the operation of the clamp arm 9b so that the plurality of clamp arms 9b are displaced in the closing direction by hydraulic pressure. Engaging force may be secured. In the above-described embodiment, the work area S is circular. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be any shape including a rectangular piece or the like. These variations are the same in the embodiments described later.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the paving plate cutting and removing process of the paving plate 1 according to the second embodiment. In the following description, the same members as those described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted here. First, the fixed shaft of the circular cutter 8 is attached to the center O of the work area S set on the surface of the pavement plate 1 ((a) in the figure). The operator uses the attached circular cutter 8 to cut a radius of 450 mm with respect to the center O, that is, the outer periphery of the work area S with the circular cutter. In addition, the circular cutter 8 is not a dish-shaped thing like 1st Embodiment, A general planar thing is used by the general usage form. Therefore, the side surface of the paving plate piece 7 is formed in a straight shape and does not need to be formed in a tapered shape as in the first embodiment.

  Next, a breaker 10 which is a form of a rod-like lifting tool is inserted from above into a small hole (hereinafter referred to as “center hole”) drilled in the center O when the circular cutter 8 is attached, from above with a first insertion angle θ1. ((B) in the figure). This breaker 10 is attached to the tip of the arm of the power shovel instead of the shovel. For example, a hydraulic breaker (type E-203) manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd. can be used. The rod-like lifting member does not necessarily need to be a special tool with a diameter-expanding member as mentioned in the prior art, and may be a simple rod-like member having a sharp tip. However, in view of the use of lifting the paving plate piece 7, a considerable strength is required for the lifting tool. In this embodiment, a readily available and general-purpose breaker 10 is used as a lifting tool that satisfies such requirements. The operator who operates the power shovel aligns the tip of the breaker 10 with the center hole, and inserts the breaker 10 while expanding the diameter. The insertion angle θ1 of the breaker 10, that is, the angle formed by the vertical direction of the paving plate 1 and the extending direction of the breaker 10, is preferably 0 degrees or near 0 degrees.

  The operator operates the power shovel and displaces the breaker 10 inserted through the paving plate piece 7 to a second insertion angle θ2 different from the first insertion angle θ1 ((c) in the figure). As a result, the outer peripheral surface of the breaker 10 is strongly pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the center hole, and the breaker 10 is pressed against the work area S that is a part of the pavement plate 1. However, if the displacement amount of the second insertion angle θ2 with respect to the first insertion angle θ1 (θ2−1θ1) is too large, the pavement plate 1 in the work area S will be cracked, so the displacement amount is limited to about several degrees. Should. The shovel operation in this step is an operation of tilting the breaker 10 inserted from a substantially vertical direction (θ1 <θ2).

  Then, the operator raises the breaker 10 by excavator operation while maintaining the second insertion angle θ2. Thereby, only the paving plate piece 7 separated from the surroundings is extracted by the frictional force generated between the breaker 10 and the periphery.

  According to this embodiment, a special lifting tool for removing the paving plate piece 7 is not necessarily required, and the work can be efficiently performed using a simple and general-purpose bar-like member such as the breaker 10. it can. Moreover, since the pavement plate piece 7 can be removed as one piece without breaking, generation of dust and noise due to breakage can be prevented. Furthermore, since the extracted pavement plate 1 can be disposed of as an asphalt lump, it is advantageous in terms of transportation and disposal.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the paving plate cutting and removing process of the paving plate 1 according to the third embodiment. In this embodiment, the paving plate piece 7 is removed using the clamp 12. The clamp 12 is mainly composed of a base 12a and a plurality of glamp arms 12b. One end of each clamp arm 12b is swingably attached to the base 12a via a fulcrum 12c, and its state is controlled by, for example, hydraulic pressure. In the open state of the clamp 12, the tip of the clamp arm 12b extends vertically downward. In the open state, the angle formed by the vertical line and the clamp arm 12b (in the extending direction) is θ.

  First, the operator lowers the clamp 12 with the plurality of clamp arms 11b extending vertically downward (first insertion angle), and fits each clamp arm 12b into the cutting groove 6 from above. Next, the operator displaces the plurality of clamp arms 12b fitted in the cutting grooves 6 to a second insertion angle (that is, θ shown in the drawing) different from the first insertion angle, and the tips of the plurality of crank arms 12b. Is pressed against the side surface of the paving plate piece 7. Thereby, the tip of the clamp arm 12b is engaged with the side surface of the paving plate piece 7. The operator lifts the wire 12d and raises the clamp 12 while maintaining this engaged state. As a result, the paving plate piece 7 is removed from the paving plate 1.

According to this embodiment, the removal work of the pavement plate piece 7 can be easily and efficiently performed as in the above-described embodiments.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the paving plate cutting and removing process of the paving plate 1 according to the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, the pavement plate piece 7 is removed using the suction machine 13. The suction machine 13 is mainly composed of a suction body 13a having a suction port 13b and a hose 13c attached to the suction body 13a. The object is sucked to the suction port 13b by the suction force through the hose 13c.

  The operator first lowers the plurality of suction machines 13 and arranges the suction port 13b on the paving plate piece 7. Next, the operator lifts the wire 13 d attached to the suction machine 13 while sucking the paving plate piece 7 with the suction machine 13. As the suction machine 13 rises, the paving plate piece 7 also rises, whereby the paving plate piece 7 is removed from the paving plate 1.

  According to this embodiment, the removal work of the pavement plate piece 7 can be easily and efficiently performed as in the above-described embodiments.

(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the paving plate cutting and removing process of the paving plate 1 according to the fifth embodiment. In this embodiment, the pavement plate piece 7 is removed by adhering the fixture 14 a to the surface of the pavement plate piece 7. An attachment portion of the wire 14b and a smooth adhesive surface are formed on the attachment 14a.

  The worker first bonds the plurality of fixtures 14a to the surface of the paving plate piece 7 using a strong quick-drying adhesive. And an operator raises the wire 14b attached to the fixture 14a. Thereby, the paving plate piece 7 is removed from the paving plate 1.

  According to this embodiment, the removal work of the pavement plate piece 7 can be easily and efficiently performed as in the above-described embodiments.

[Vertical drilling (Step 2)]
The excavation of the vertical hole (step 2) is a suction excavation process in which suction excavation (step a4) and confirmation of the buried position and depth (step a5) are performed. In this suction excavation process, the casing is placed in a predetermined area from which the paving plate pieces have been removed, and the ground exposed to the inner bottom of the casing is checked before the casing is lowered to the ground while checking the presence or absence of an embedded object. A vertical hole is made by suction drilling.

  In the excavation of the vertical hole, the vertical hole is excavated by using both the lowering of the casing and the suction excavation directly below the area where the pavement plate piece 7 is removed. The operator lowers the casing having a role as a soil retainer to the upper-layer roadbed 2, the lower-layer roadbed 3, and the roadbed 4 by its own weight or hydraulic pressure while excavating while sucking earth and sand generated by excavation. By performing the suction excavation prior to the descent of the casing, it is possible to visually confirm the presence or absence of the unexpected buried object 5 'existing on the road floor 4, and therefore it is possible to avoid damage or destruction beforehand. The earth and sand generated by excavation is stored and stored in a predetermined processing bag in consideration of the environment.

  FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a vertical hole suction excavation process in the road bed 4. As an initial state of this work, as shown in FIG. 11A, the vertical hole 11 passes through the pavement plate 1 and reaches the uppermost part of the upper layer roadbed 2. On the inner bottom of the casing 10 surrounding the periphery of the vertical hole 11, an exposed surface 2a of the road bed 2 that is the ground appears. First, the worker arranges a cylindrical casing 10 (φ = 900 mm) as shown in FIG. 13 in the work area S (back surface of the ground) from which the paving plate piece 7 has been removed.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the operator sucks and excavates the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing 10 before lowering the casing 10 to the ground. The earth and sand generated by excavation is sucked through the hose 120. The hose 120 is connected to a powerful pump machine that sucks earth and sand together with air. An operator advances excavation by sucking earth and sand while operating the hose 120 connected to the pump machine. As an odor-like technique for excavation, for example, erosion of the sediment on the exposed surface with high-pressure air (air pressure) or jet (water pressure), and the resulting sediment (including water in the case of a jet) is performed with a pump machine. In this case, since the pump machine absorbs dust generated during excavation work, the influence of dust around the work castle can be suppressed as much as possible. If soft, if possible, the ground may be excavated by suction alone.

  At the time of this excavation, the portion immediately below the peripheral portion of the casing 10 is also excavated. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11C, the casing 10 is lowered by its own weight. However, instead of this, the casing 10 may be press-fitted using an oil pressure that lowers the casing 10. In this case, you may press in while rotating the casing 10 with a hydraulic machine. This is effective when it is difficult to descend by its own weight due to the frictional force generated between the outer peripheral wall of the casing 10 and the ground.

  The excavation in this suction excavation step includes excavation of the upper layer subbase 2 and the lower layer subbase 3 and subsequent excavation of the subgrade 4. Both are similar in that the excavation by suction of the casing 10 is used together, but in the latter case, it is necessary to excavate while confirming the unexpected buried object 5 ', so a process different from the former is adopted. Has been.

  First, the upper and lower roadbeds 2 and 3 are excavated until the roadbed 4 is exposed on the inner bottom of the casing 10 by a process similar to the conventional process. These roadbeds 2 and 3 are artificially stacked when a road is laid, and it is obvious that there are no buried objects. Therefore, regarding excavation of the roadbeds 2 and 3, there is no need to employ an excavation process that involves confirmation of an unexpected buried object as described below.

  On the other hand, with respect to the road bed 4, a vertical hole is excavated by a trial excavation process with confirmation of an embedded object. There is a possibility that an unexpected buried object (such as a gas pipe) that is not grasped by the worker is buried in the road bed 4 other than the work object 5 (such as a water pipe) that is grasped by the worker. is there. As shown in FIG. 1, when the unexpected buried object 5 ′ is present at a location shallower than the work object 5, when the casing 10 is lowered without performing a trial moat, the unexpected buried object 5 ′ is removed by the casing 10. There is a risk of damage or destruction. In order to prevent such a situation in advance, the process of lowering the casing 10 while confirming that there is no unexpected buried object 5 ′ in the test moat as in this embodiment is adopted. Is preferred.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the flow of a vertical hole suction excavation process in the road bed 4. First, by repeating the loop of steps 21 to 23, a part of the exposed surface 2a is excavated by air (or jet or the like) by a predetermined depth Djet (FIG. 11C). Specifically, the operator excavates the exposed surface 2 a using the suction force from the hose 120. The sucked earth and sand are discharged and stored in a predetermined processing bag prepared separately from the paving plate disposal as required. The partial excavation of the exposed surface 2a also has a trial digging meaning for confirming that there is no unexpected buried object 5 'within the predetermined depth Djet. Therefore, for example, the inner periphery of the vertical hole 11 may be excavated, or any one or a plurality of locations may be excavated. In terms of the trial moat, it is not always necessary to excavate the entire exposed surface 2a, but it is naturally possible to excavate the entire exposed surface 2a.

  When the partial excavation for the predetermined depth Djet is completed without the appearance of the embedded object, the process proceeds from step 23 to step 24, and the casing 10 is lowered according to the predetermined depth Djet. That is, lowering of the casing 10 is performed by the depth following the suction excavation described on the left on the condition that the buried object does not exist within a predetermined depth. In the subsequent step 25, the remaining area of the exposed surface 2a that has not been excavated is excavated by air (or jet or the like) for a predetermined depth Djet. As a result, the entire exposed surface 2a is dug down by a predetermined depth Djet. When this digging is completed, the loop of steps 21 to 23 is repeated again, and the partial excavation of the exposed surface 2a is performed for the next predetermined depth Djet.

  Here, when an embedded object appears by suction excavation, the process proceeds from step 22 to step 26, and it is determined whether or not the current depth of the vertical hole 11 has reached the target depth Dtgt. If the buried object appears before reaching the target depth Dtgt, it is an unexpected buried object 5 '(step 28), and therefore it is necessary to take appropriate measures including interruption of the work.

  On the other hand, when the unexpected buried object 5 'does not appear by suction excavation, the excavation of the exposed surface 2a (steps 21 to 23), the lowering of the casing 10 (step 24), and the exposed surface 2a The remaining excavation (step 25) is repeated. Thereby, the digging of the vertical hole 11 is advanced step by step by the predetermined depth Djet. When the depth of the vertical hole 11 reaches the target depth Dtgt, the work object 5 that has been buried appears (FIG. 7D). In this case, the excavation of the vertical hole 11 is completed through the affirmative determination in step 22, the affirmative determination in step 26, and step 27.

[Processing and construction of work objects (Step 3)]
In the processing and construction of the work object (Step 3), it is judged whether the pipeline is newly installed or the existing pipeline is updated (Step a6). In the case of a new pipeline, the new pipeline is laid (Step a7) and the existing pipeline is updated. It is a non-open cut laying process for performing an update of an existing pipeline (step a8).

  In the processing construction of the work object (step 3), a predetermined process is performed on the work object 5 that appears at the bottom of the vertical hole formed by excavation. For example, old service pipes (for example, lead pipes) that draw water into residential land and premises are replaced with new service pipes (for example, polyethylene pipes, hard polyvinyl chloride pipes, stainless steel pipes, etc.) by non-cutting methods (update of service pipes) . As the non-cutting method, for example, reasoning is performed by ekstep. For example, old service pipes (for example, lead pipes) that draw water into residential land and premises are replaced with new service pipes (for example, polyethylene pipes, hard polyvinyl chloride pipes, stainless steel pipes, etc.) by non-cutting methods (update of service pipes) . Non-cutting methods include, for example, an extractor system ("Extractor system" is a registered trademark of TS Sade), a banana method ("Banana method" is a registered trademark of Hanex Road), a bamboo shoot molding method, or Dream promotion construction method etc. are mentioned. In addition, this invention is applicable not only to the renewal of the lead-in pipe, but also to the new construction of the lead-in pipe using the propulsion method, for example.

  In this non-cutting laying process, when the ground is suction excavated to the target depth, the lead-in pipe is updated or newly installed using the non-cutting method. Laying of buried pipes in the MDP method is performed by the non-cutting method. In the case of a new pipeline, construction will be carried out by the propulsion method, and in the case of replacing an existing pipeline with a new one, construction will be carried out by the drawing method.

  The MDP construction method is characterized by laying the buried pipe, which is a buried object, without excavation, which can greatly reduce the excavation area and the amount of soil, and depending on the road width, construction can be performed with only one lane occupied It becomes possible.

  The non-open-cut method differs depending on whether a pipeline is newly established or an existing pipeline is replaced with a new one. In the case of a new pipeline, the propulsion method is used, and in the case of a new pipeline, the propulsion method is laid. On the other hand, when the existing pipeline is renewed, the buried pipe is constructed by the drawing method.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the new construction method of the pipeline. A new pipe is installed by installing a propulsion device 50 in a vertical shaft constructed by suction excavation (FIG. 14 (a)), and starting from this propulsion device 50 while adding a buried pipe of a predetermined length (FIG. 14 (b)), We carry out by propulsion method to advance to residential land. At the time of construction, the propulsion position and direction of the buried pipe are confirmed by the detector 51, and in the housing lot, the modified bending propulsion is performed by swinging propulsion to connect to the meter box 52 (FIG. 14 (c)).

  FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a drawing method for updating an existing pipeline. The existing pipe line is updated by a drawing method. In this drawing method, first, the tip of the buried pipe (lead pipe) to be drawn (at a position farthest from the vertical shaft, usually in the residential land) is cut, for example, in the vicinity of the meter box 52 ( 15 (a)), an update pipe 53 (usually a polyethylene pipe) is connected with a dedicated connection fitting or the like (FIG. 15 (a)). Thereafter, a wire 55 having a conical cone 54 is passed through the buried pipe 60 (FIG. 15B), and the wire 55 is pulled by a pulling winch 56 (FIG. 15C), so that the existing buried pipe 60 Drawing and renewal pipe laying are performed simultaneously (FIG. 15 (d)). In this non-open cutting method, only the minimum area necessary for laying buried pipes is excavated, so the construction is performed in a narrow place.

[Vertical hole backfilling (step 4)]
The vertical hole backfilling (step 4) is a backfilling process for performing a backfilling process (step a9). FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a vertical hole backfilling process in the case of using improved soil. In the vertical hole backfilling step, the vertical hole is backfilled while pulling up the casing surrounding the vertical hole (FIG. 16A). Here, the vertical hole is backfilled (FIG. 16 (c)) by converting the earth and sand generated during the excavation of the vertical hole into an improved soil and reusing it (FIG. 16 (b)).

  In the backfilling work, after the construction, the backfilling soil is sufficiently compacted so that the road does not sink due to driving or the like so that a predetermined compaction density can be secured. The backfilling soil is preferably a high-quality soil such as sand that is easy to compact. From the viewpoint of reducing residual soil treatment and contributing to environmental problems, improved soil with improved materials such as lime added to the locally generated soil is effective, but it may not be improved soil and limited to locally generated soil It may be purchased soil.

  When using locally generated soil as improved soil, a blending test is conducted in advance as necessary to determine the type and amount of the improved material. Such reuse is not only environmentally friendly because it eliminates the need to dispose of earth and sand, but also is excellent in terms of cost because it also eliminates the need to transport earth and sand.

In the backfilling operation, for example, backfilling soil is spread out at a layer thickness of about 20 to 30 cm per layer, and sufficiently compacted with a compacting machine to ensure a predetermined compaction density. In particular, the boundary part with the surrounding natural ground is constructed while pulling out the casing for preventing the collapse of the hole wall, so it is carefully compacted with ramps, etc., and after construction, there is a step between the backfill part and the surrounding natural ground. Do not.
[Restoring the paving plate (Step 5)]
In the repair of the pavement plate (step 5), it is determined whether temporary restoration is necessary (step a10). If temporary restoration is not necessary, the main restoration work (step a11), and if temporary restoration is necessary, the temporary restoration work (step a12). ) This is a process for the restoration work later.

  In the repair of the pavement plate, after pulling out the casing, the lower layer roadbed 3, the upper layer roadbed 2 and the pavement plate 1 are sequentially restored in the same manner as in the prior art. When temporary restoration of the pavement plate 1 is performed as an emergency measure, the pavement plate piece 7 (which may be an iron lining plate) stored in step 1 described above may be fitted back into a predetermined area. . The restoration work on the pavement surface (roadbed) ensures predetermined pavement performance and eliminates steps so as not to interfere with traffic such as driving of automobiles, bicycles, and pedestrian traffic to ensure predetermined flatness.

  Moreover, if the cut pavement plate is stored, it can be used for temporary restoration. In this case, only the portion cut by the cutter is filled with mortar or grout material. In addition, if this restoration work cannot be performed immediately due to the weather, etc., iron plate curing will be carried out for a period until it can be constructed.

  In the case of this restoration work, as with the temporary restoration work, a roadbed that satisfies a predetermined quality is constructed so as to ensure traffic safety and prevent subsidence due to automobile travel after construction.

  According to the MDP method having the processes from step 1 to step 5 as described above, workability, environmental performance ("friendly to the global environment"), and safety can be totally satisfied.

  In particular, according to the removal process (step 1) of the pavement plate 1, partial removal of the pavement plate 1 can be accurately performed with a simple operation. That is, the paving plate piece 7 is removed by raising the clamp 9 holding the paving plate piece 7. Since the side surface of the pavement plate piece 7 is provided with a taper having a diameter reduced in the depth direction, dropping of the nipped pavement plate piece 7 is effectively regulated. Further, a special and complicated lifting tool for removing the paving plate piece 7 is not necessarily required, and the work can be efficiently performed using a general-purpose device having a simple configuration such as the clamp 9. Moreover, since the pavement plate piece 7 can be removed as one piece without destroying it and the generation of dust and noise due to the destruction can be prevented, it is excellent in environmental performance. Furthermore, when disposing the pavement plate piece 7 as an asphalt lump together, it can be transported compactly on the road by storing it in a dedicated storage bag, which is also advantageous for road disposal.

  In particular, in the excavation process of the vertical hole 11 (step 2), the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing 10 is excavated by suction prior to the lowering of the casing 10 which plays a role of securing the earth retaining. Then, when the buried object does not appear by suction excavation, the casing 10 is lowered to the ground following the suction excavation. Since the descent of the casing 10 is performed on the condition that the buried object does not appear, even if the unexpected buried object 5 ′ is buried in the ground, it is necessary to avoid the damage or destruction of the buried object 5 ′. Can do. Moreover, earth and sand generated by excavation are guarded by the casing 10 so as not to be scattered outside (especially when the excavation depth is shallow) and are immediately sucked through the hose 120. Therefore, since the work site is not soiled with earth and sand, the environment is excellent. Furthermore, the suction excavation can realize low dust and low noise, so that the influence on the vicinity of the work site can be reduced. In addition, when reusing the earth and sand (improved earth and sand etc.) stored in the predetermined processing bag for the backfilling of the vertical hole 11, not only the environmental aspect but also the cost aspect is excellent (transportation cost) Is no longer needed).

  In this embodiment, when the clamp 9 is raised, the tips of the plurality of clamp arms 9b are engaged with the tapered side surfaces of the pavement plate piece 7 due to its own weight. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it is necessary to actively control the operation of the clamp arm 9b so that the plurality of clamp arms 9b are displaced in the closing direction by hydraulic pressure. Engaging force may be secured.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the work area S is circular, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be any shape including a rectangular piece or the like.
(Embodiment of the second invention)
FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a buried object laying method to which the second invention is applied.

  Unlike the buried object laying method to which the first invention is applied, the buried object laying method to which the second invention is applied is carried out on the ground where the paving slab 1 (road) such as asphalt is not laid on the ground. A work object 5 that is an embedded object to be worked is embedded in the road bed 4 at a known target depth Dtgt. In this embodiment, a series of operations are performed in the order of vertical hole excavation (step 2), work object processing (step 3), and backfilling of vertical holes (step 4).

  The construction procedure of the buried object laying method to which the second invention is applied is shown in FIG. 18 and carried out in the same manner as in FIG. 2, but the preparation work (step a1), the suction excavator (step a4), the buried position / depth Confirmation (step a5), whether the pipeline is newly established or the existing pipeline is updated (step a6), if the pipeline is newly established, laying the new pipeline (step a7), if the existing pipeline is updated, updating the existing pipeline (Step a8), backfilling (step a9), determining whether temporary restoration is necessary (step a10), if temporary restoration is not necessary, this restoration (step a11), if temporary restoration is necessary, temporary restoration (Step a12) After this restoration work. By performing the minimum excavation even in a place where there is no pavement plate, workability, safety and environmental performance can be satisfied as a whole.

  The present invention can be applied to excavation methods that are carried out when, for example, renewing or newly installing buried objects such as lead-in pipes, and even if minimal excavation is performed and unexpected buried objects are buried in the ground, It is a new excavation method that can avoid damage and destruction and satisfy the workability, safety, and environmental performance as a whole.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pavement plate 2 Upper layer roadbed 2a Exposed surface 3 Lower layer roadbed 4 Roadbed 5 Work object 5 'Unexpected buried object 6 Cutting groove 7 Pavement plate piece 8 Circular cutter 8a Cutter blade 9 Clamp 9a Support point 9b Clamp arm 10 Casing 11 Vertical hole 120 Hose 11a, 12a Base 11b, 12b Clamp arm 11c, 12c Support point 11d, 12d Wire 13 Suction machine 13a Suction body 13b Suction port 13c Hose 13d Wire 14a Fixture 14b Wire

Claims (2)

From the surface of the paving plate laid on the paved road surface to the roadbed under the paving plate, the outer periphery of a predetermined area set in the paving plate is cut, and the cut paving plate piece is removed from the paving plate. Paving plate cutting and removing process,
Prior to lowering the casing to the ground, the casing exposed to the inner bottom of the casing is sucked and excavated while checking the presence or absence of the buried object before placing the casing on the ground. Suction excavation process to construct vertical holes,
A backfilling step for backfilling the vertical holes;
Have
In the suction excavation process,
The casing is a size that allows the operator to suction and excavate the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing while confirming the presence or absence of an embedded object in the casing,
An arrangement step of arranging the casing in a predetermined area on the surface of the ground;
Prior to lowering the casing to the ground, confirming the presence of buried objects,
A suction excavation step for suction excavation of the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing;
When a buried object does not appear by the suction excavation, a descent step of lowering the casing to the ground following the suction excavation,
Have
In the suction excavation step, suction excavation is started only after the casing is arranged , and the ground exposed at the inner bottom of the casing is checked by the operator while checking whether or not an embedded object has appeared in the casing. in infested, it sucks the sand caused by the erosion, a step of sucking drilling drilling,
The descent step comprises:
When the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing is excavated by suction , the casing is lowered by its own weight,
An excavation method characterized by repeating a series of steps from the suction excavation step to the descent step until reaching a target depth in the ground. A suction excavation step in which a casing is arranged in a predetermined area, and before the descent of the casing to the ground, the ground exposed to the inner bottom of the casing is suction excavated and a vertical hole is constructed while confirming the presence or absence of an embedded object. When,
A backfilling step for backfilling the vertical holes;
Have
In the suction excavation process,
The casing is a size that allows the operator to suction and excavate the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing while confirming the presence or absence of an embedded object in the casing,
An arrangement step of arranging the casing in a predetermined area on the surface of the ground;
Prior to lowering the casing to the ground, confirming the presence of buried objects,
A suction excavation step for suction excavation of the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing;
When a buried object does not appear by the suction excavation, a descent step of lowering the casing to the ground following the suction excavation,
Have
In the suction excavation step, suction excavation is started only after the casing is arranged , and the ground exposed at the inner bottom of the casing is checked by the operator while checking whether or not an embedded object has appeared in the casing. in infested, it sucks the sand caused by the erosion, a step of sucking drilling drilling,
The descent step comprises:
When the ground exposed on the inner bottom of the casing is excavated by suction , the casing is lowered by its own weight,
An excavation method characterized by repeating a series of steps from the suction excavation step to the descent step until reaching a target depth in the ground.