JP4855503B2 - Vegetation base for artificial floating island, its manufacturing method and artificial floating island for vegetation - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a vegetation base for artificial floating islands, which is installed in a water area where water is relatively stagnant or water flow is relatively small, such as lakes, rivers or dam lakes, coasts, etc. , Its manufacturing method and artificial floating island for vegetation.

  In recent years, in relatively closed water areas where water, such as seas, lakes, and rivers, are stagnant or have little flow, nitrogen compounds are affected by the effects of various human activities into which sewage, agriculture and industrial wastewater flows. Many phenomena of eutrophication occur due to increased fertilizer concentration in water such as phosphorus and phosphorus. Eutrophication changes the ecosystem composition of aquatic organisms and reduces the diversity of normal organisms. In extreme cases, eutrophication is widely recognized as a pollution and environmental problem because it induces secondary phenomena such as red tide and blue tide. In water areas where eutrophication progresses and fertilizer and nutrients are abundant, primary production associated with photosynthesis increases near the surface of sunlight, and specific phytoplankton grows rapidly. Also, zooplankton that prey on phytoplankton increases abnormally. The growth of phyto and zooplankton causes a large outbreak of red tides and blue sea bream. At night when photosynthesis stops, oxygen consumption by living organisms increases, so the water is deficient. In addition, the oxidative decomposition of the organic matter proceeds on the bottom of the bottom where the overgrown plankton community has been killed and settled, and the amount of dissolved oxygen is rapidly reduced to form an anoxic water mass. If the oxygen-rich water mass is maintained by the water temperature striking layer, the decomposition of the organic matter is stagnated and sludge accumulates, and anaerobic microorganisms dominate and cause odor. In addition, when the water mass and the surrounding water are mixed, the seafood may be deficient in oxygen deficiency.

Therefore, in recent years, animals and plants are cultivated on artificial floating islands floating in lakes, and by increasing the underwater depth of artificial floating islands according to the growth of animals and plants, the animals and plants in the artificial floating islands are always exposed to sunlight, and the plants and animals grow greatly. At the same time, a project to promote water purification through the inhabiting of animals and plants is being promoted. Plants germinated and cultivated in water include submerged plants such as shrimp, shajikoku, mizuhikimo and trigemo, extracted plants such as reed, gama and makomo or floating leaf plants such as gagabuta and asaza, Purifies water quality and becomes a habitat for aquatic life. Absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by animals and plants living on artificial floating islands, decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms attached to the surface of the plant, denitrification on the surface of soil lake mud, sedimentation of suspended substances and prevention of re-floating, etc. The water quality can be purified by factors, and the concentration of COD, nitrogen or phosphorus can be reduced, and the occurrence of red sea bream and freshwater red tide caused mainly by eutrophication can be suppressed. Moreover, it is necessary to suppress the raising of bottom mud with aquatic plants, to grow phytoplankton in the aquatic plants, to suppress the predation of phytoplankton by zooplankton, and to improve the water quality by overgrowth of underwater plants. Therefore, the basic conditions for water purification by artificial floating islands are as follows.
[1] From the viewpoints of water purification and ecological conservation in closed water areas, regeneration of aquatic plants such as submerged plants, floating leaf plants, or extracted plants is required.
[2] For the regeneration of aquatic plants, it is essential to shoot germinate and grow and to improve the bottom environment by floating mud or sludge that inhibits the growth of aquatic plants.
[3] It is necessary to reduce the water depth to satisfy the light conditions at the bottom of the water. Actually, water quality improvement methods such as shallow water formation on the lake shore or vegetation floating island offshore are adopted.
[4] The shallow water formation on the shore of the lake has a drawback that the plants do not take root due to strong wave hits, and when the submerged plants and the floating leaf plants are regenerated, the growth of the submerged plants and the floating leaf plants are hindered by the clustered extracted plants. is there.
[5] The submerged plant immediately after germination is desirable to have a shallow water depth, and after establishing and stabilizing as a plant community, the surrounding water area has a clear water quality, so a deep water depth is desirable.
[6] Establish an artificial floating island where the water depth can be set arbitrarily, deepen the water depth according to the growth situation of the plant, and finally settle and settle the plant community.
[7] There is no need for dredging because plant communities on the vegetation base of floating islands are regenerated in a lake bottom environment that has deteriorated due to accumulation of sludge.

  The following Patent Document 1 discloses an artificial floating island for a submerged plant comprising a planting base on which a submerged plant is grown, a float that maintains the submerged plant in water, and a frame that supports the planting base. By changing the position of the bolt that fixes the angle connected to the float and the angle connected to the planting base, the installation depth of the planting base can be adjusted according to the depth at which the submerged plant can grow it can. However, on artificial floating islands for vegetation, it is generally necessary to submerge the planting base to deepen the water depth after confirming the germination of aquatic plants, and finally install the planting base at the bottom of the water. is there. For this reason, in the artificial floating island of patent document 1 which uses artificial materials, such as steel materials or plastics which do not decay most even if many years pass, for a frame, a planting base, or an angle, there is even a possibility of worsening the environment of a lake. . In addition, when the planting base is installed on the bottom of the water in consideration of the environment of the lake, there is a problem that work efficiency deteriorates if the planting base and the frame are removed.

  Moreover, in the Example which seems to be the most economical and general shown by patent document 1, it filled with planting materials, such as a chemical synthetic fiber mat, a palm fiber mat, sponge, rock wool, slag wool, or sand or a lightweight aggregate. There was a risk that the soil of the vegetation base would flow into the water due to waves or water currents generated around the planting base formed by the submerged planting pods.

  In addition, in the same height and uniform planting material or submerged plant planting shown in Patent Document 1, the plant species that can thrive on the vegetation base are easily homogenized, and the vegetation rich in diversity is regenerated. There is a difficult point. Moreover, since the water depth by which a planting material or a submerged plant planting pod is arrange | positioned becomes the same, it was difficult to grow a submerged plant and a water extraction plant from which growth environments differ simultaneously. That is, in the artificial floating island of Patent Document 1, the types of aquatic plants that can be grown are limited, and nature in which various plants coexist cannot be reproduced well.

  The following Patent Document 2 discloses a floating water purification apparatus in which a cocoon structure floated on a water surface is formed of wood or bamboo. Moreover, the following patent document 3 discloses the floating island for water purification plant growth in which a network structure for growing plants is formed of bamboo fiber, coconut shell fiber, or resin fiber.

Japanese Patent No. 4,217,232 JP 2001-276861 A JP 2006-25783 A

  Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial floating island vegetation base that does not require removal of a vegetation base installed in water, a manufacturing method thereof, and an artificial floating island for vegetation. Another object of the present invention is to provide a vegetation base for artificial floating islands and a method for producing the same, which can be basically formed of a natural material except for a fastening member and have no adverse effects on the environment. Another object of the present invention is an artificial floating island formed of bamboo material that does not decay at least until plants in the vegetation base grow to a certain size and has sufficient mechanical strength in water and is harmless to the environment. The purpose is to provide a vegetation base. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an artificial floating island for vegetation that can prevent outflow of a medium stored therein due to waves or water currents generated on the water surface.

  The artificial floating island vegetation base (2) according to the present invention includes a frame (11) formed by connecting a plurality of bamboo cylinders or timbers constituting the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17) in a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a cubic shape. A plurality of bamboo or wooden flooring (12) fixed on a plurality of lower frames (16) spaced apart from each other and opposed to each other, and arranged on the flooring (12) A plurality of bamboo bowls (14). The bamboo frame (11), flooring (12), and bamboo pot (14) will decay in the water until the aquatic plants in the artificial floating island vegetation base (2) placed in the water grow to a predetermined size. Does not rot and retains sufficient mechanical strength. In addition, even if the artificial floating island vegetation base is left in the water after the aquatic plants have been grown, the bamboo frame (11) and flooring (12) will decay and be reduced to the soil. Will not be adversely affected. Rather, if the artificial vegetation base for floating islands is left in water, the seeds of aquatic plants contained in the medium (19) held between the inside of the bamboo pot (14) and the adjacent bamboo pot (14) germinate, Aquatic plants can be fully grown and prospered. Furthermore, the bamboo pot (14) retains the culture medium (19) against the flow of water, and has an action of preventing the culture medium (19) from flowing out of the vegetation base (2) due to waves or water flow.

  The method of manufacturing a vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to the present invention includes a step of preparing a plurality of bamboo cylinders or timber, and a plurality of bamboo cylinders or timbers piled up in a girder or maki pile and fixed to each other, at least a lower frame (16) and an upper frame A step of forming a rectangular parallelepiped or cubic frame (11) having a frame (17), and a bamboo or wooden floor on a plurality of lower frames (16) spaced apart and opposed to each other A step of arranging the material (12) and a step of juxtaposing a plurality of bamboo pots (14) on the flooring (12). Further, by stacking the bamboo cylinders on the girder stack or the maki stack and fixing them together, a gap (30) corresponding to the diameter of the bamboo cylinder is formed between the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17), and the gap (30 ) Allows continuous water flow between the outside and inside of the vegetation platform (2), allowing water to be uniformly metabolized or circulated throughout the vegetation platform (2), and the frame (11) to be configured easily. can do. By laying the flooring (12) on the plurality of lower frames (16), it is possible to easily form a plane that supports the bamboo bowl (14).

  In the present invention, the artificial floating island for vegetation produced using bamboo materials that are naturally abundant does not decay in water for a period until the aquatic plant accommodated therein grows to at least a predetermined size, The mechanical strength for maintaining the vegetation artificial floating island in a predetermined shape is reliably maintained, and the vegetation artificial floating island does not need to be removed from the water even after the growth of aquatic plants.

Sectional drawing which shows embodiment of the vegetation base for artificial floating islands by this invention Side view of artificial floating island vegetation base in Fig. 1 1 is an exploded perspective view of the vegetation base for artificial floating island in FIG. A plan view showing a state where a plurality of artificial floating island vegetation bases shown in FIG. Partial cross-sectional view of artificial floating island vegetation base Partial cross-sectional view of artificial floating island vegetation base showing bottomed bamboo pot and bottomless bamboo pot for storing soil Partial cross section of vegetation base for artificial floating island showing bottomed and unbottomed bamboo pots containing soil at different heights Perspective view showing a horizontal bamboo bowl An exploded perspective view showing a modified example of a vegetation base for artificial floating islands using a bowl-like flooring The exploded perspective view which shows embodiment which fixed the flooring to the lower frame with the stapler The exploded perspective view which shows embodiment which fixed the flooring to the lower frame with the thread | yarn made from a vegetable fiber

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an artificial floating island vegetation base, its manufacturing method, and an artificial floating island for vegetation according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the artificial floating island vegetation base (2) according to the present invention is formed by connecting to a plurality of bamboo cylinders or cubes constituting the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17). Frame (11), bamboo or wooden flooring (12) disposed on a plurality of lower frames (16) spaced apart from each other and opposed to each other, and flooring (12) There are provided a natural fiber mat (13) and a plurality of bamboo pots (14) juxtaposed vertically on the mat (13). The frame (11) is provided with an open structure in which at least a part of the nodes in the bamboo tube is removed or broken or the nodes are removed in a cylindrical shape to form a continuous cavity in the length direction in the bamboo tube. When the frame (11) is placed in the water, water penetrates into the inside from the end of the bamboo cylinder and fills all the frames (11) through the removed nodes. Unnecessary buoyancy can be reduced. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the floor material (12) is a bamboo floor material having a structure in which a large number of vertically divided bamboos and a large number of horizontally divided bamboos are woven in a lattice shape. However, as shown in FIG. A structure formed in a bowl shape by a fastening member such as 12a) may be used. In any case, the floor material (12) has a large number of split bamboos arranged in parallel or in a lattice shape and fixed to the frame (11) with a fastening member, or a large number of split bamboos are woven, knitted or hooked in a sheet shape. And fixed to the frame (11). For example, the flooring (12) is formed of bamboo sheets made by knitting bamboo straw or split bamboo having a width of about 5 to 15 mm at a pitch of 20 mm. If the distance between the bamboo or split bamboo and the adjacent bamboo or split bamboo is set to a relatively large size such as 20 mm, the bamboo roots of the aquatic plants are supported while supporting the weight of the bamboo pot (14) by the strength of the bamboo. It can grow by being stretched from the pot (14) to the mat (13). In this case, the roots of the grown aquatic plants are entangled with the flooring (12), and the aquatic plants can root the flooring (12). The fastening member used in the present specification includes a fastening member made of vegetable fibers or animals such as a thread, a string, a rope, a rope, or leather, and a metallic fastening member such as a wire (wire) or a wire.

  A plurality of bamboo bowls (14) are arranged on the flooring (12) on which the floor cloth (13) is laid, with almost no gap, and the lid net (15) is arranged on the bamboo bowl (14), and the lid net (15 ) Is fastened to the frame (11), particularly the upper frame (17) by fastening members, so that the bamboo bowl (14) is composed of the flooring (12), the upper frame (17), and the lid mesh (15). Is held without falling down and falling off the vegetation base (2). The lid net (15) arranged on the bamboo pot (14) is a lattice structure having square, rectangular or rhombus openings, a knitted bamboo knitted into a honeycomb structure having hexagonal openings, a yarn made of vegetable fibers Or it is formed by the stem of a gramineous plant.

  When the vegetation base (2) according to the present invention is manufactured, first, the nodes inside the bamboo cylinder cut into a substantially uniform length of about 1000 to 3000 mm, preferably about 2500 mm, are removed into a cylindrical shape, and the nodes inside the bamboo cylinder are removed. A bamboo cylinder having a predetermined length having an open structure removed in a cylindrical shape is prepared. Next, as shown in FIG. 3, three bamboo cylinders (16a, 16b, 16c) are arranged in parallel with a certain distance from each other, and two bamboo cylinders (16d, 16e) in parallel with a certain distance from each other. ) Are arranged on both ends of the bamboo cylinder (16a, 16b, 16c) to constitute the lower frame (16). In addition, two bamboo cylinders (17a, 17b) are arranged in parallel with a certain distance from each other, and the two bamboo cylinders (17c, 17d) are arranged at both ends of the bamboo cylinder (17a, 17b) in parallel with a certain distance from each other. Arrange the upper frame (17).

  Next, the upper frame (17) is stacked on the lower frame (16) in a cross-beam stack or a maki stack, and the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17) are fixed in a cubic shape by a fastening member (not shown). By stacking the bamboo cylinders on the girder stack or the maki stack and fixing them together, a gap (30) corresponding to the diameter of the bamboo cylinder is formed between the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17), and the gap (30) Through the water-permeable mattress (13), water is constantly passed between the outside and inside of the vegetation base (2), and water can be circulated (metabolized) uniformly throughout the vegetation base (2). The frame (11) can be easily configured. The lengths of the vertical and horizontal bamboo cylinders of the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17) may be changed to form a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Also, a bamboo cylinder is arranged vertically at the intersection of the perpendicular bamboo cylinders (16a to 16e, 17a to 17d) of the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17), a connection frame (not shown) is provided, and a connection frame is formed by a fastening member May be fixed integrally with the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17) at the intersection. For example, a bamboo cylinder cut into a length of about 400 to 800 mm can be used as the connection frame. A frame (11) formed of natural bamboo that has no knots and allows water and organisms to enter the water will be a shark or a fish reef (fishing reef) for aquatic organisms such as fish.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the single vegetation base (2) has a width W and a length L of about 1500 to 3000 mm, preferably about 2500 mm, and a thickness T of about 300 to 800 mm, preferably about 500 mm. Formed. A laminate of a flooring (12), a mat (13), a bamboo slab (14), and a lid net (15) having a thickness t of 100 to 300 mm, preferably about 250 mm, is disposed in the frame (11) and is Alternatively, movement due to water flow is prevented. In this case, bolts (not shown) are passed from the upper frame (17) to the lower frame (16) to fix them, and the crane rope or wire is locked to the head ring of the bolt, and the vegetation base ( 2) can be lifted and laid underwater.

  Thereafter, the floor material (12) is disposed on the plurality of lower frames (16) that are spaced apart from each other and opposed to each other, and the floor cloth (13) is further disposed on the floor material (12). By arranging the flooring (12) and the floor covering (13) on the plurality of lower frames (16), a plane supporting the bamboo mortar (14) can be easily formed, and adjacent to the flooring (12). Pass through the gap between the matching split bamboos and the water-permeable mattress (13), constantly pass water between the outside and inside of the vegetation base (2), and circulate the water uniformly throughout the vegetation base (2). Can do. Further, the water permeable cloth (13) is a woven cloth made of natural fibers in which longitudinal fibers and transverse fibers composed of hemp fibers or stalks of a grass family intersect at right angles and a gap is formed between adjacent fibers. Or a knitted fabric. The bedding (13) is made of, for example, a hemp woven fabric or linen having a relatively high strength and having an appropriate degree of roughness that allows easy passage through the roots of aquatic plants. The bedcloth (13) is made of, for example, soft fibers collected from trunks or stems such as flax, choma, timer, nettle, jute, bow, and hemp, or hard fibers collected from manila hemp, sisal hemp, mage and maolan. A hemp fabric or linen, such as coarse burlap or burlap, is used and has a filtering (filtering) action to pass water but prevent passage of earth and sand. Since the water-permeable mattress (13) has a small pore size, it has a function of holding the vegetation medium (19) in the bamboo pot (14) and between a plurality of adjacent bamboo pots (14). The laying cloth (13) placed on the flooring (12) covers the flooring (12) and the lower frame (16) and at the same time reaches the inner side of the upper frame (17). The curved portion (13a) prevents the bamboo pot (14) and the medium (19) from leaving the vegetation base (2). Finally, a plurality of bamboo pots (14) are juxtaposed vertically on the mat (13).

  The bamboo material forming the frame (11), flooring material (12), bamboo pot (14) and lid net (15) is bamboo belonging to the bamboo subfamily in the family Gramineae, such as true bamboo, Miso bamboo, pale bamboo, black bamboo or shinotake. In addition, various bamboo materials including not only Japanese but also foreign products can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use true bamboo and bamboo shoots that grow naturally in Japan and have a height of 15 to 20 m and a diameter of about 50 to 100 mm. Bamboo, a natural material that exists in large quantities in Japan, does not adversely affect the environment. In addition, by using bamboo from abandoned bamboo forests that are problematic in various parts of Japan, it is possible to produce artificial floating islands (1) for vegetation at low cost, and to promote the effective use of bamboo to prevent the destruction of abandoned bamboo forests. .

  The floor cloth (13), which has a smaller gap than the flooring (12), has a soil (19) filled between the interior of the bamboo pot (14) and the adjacent bamboo pot (14) below the vegetation base (2). Can be prevented from flowing out into the water. For example, the hemp fiber is preferably a relatively thick fiber having a hemp count of about 5 to 9, and the fiber density of about 5 to 15 fibers / cm can sufficiently prevent the soil (19) from flowing out. Although the hemp sack such as a coffee bag can be reused for the mat (13), the mat is not limited to hemp fabric or hemp, but other mats such as cotton may also be used. Further, a plurality of linen cloths or cotton cloths may be stacked or juxtaposed to form the bed cloth (13).

  A large number of split bamboos are arranged in parallel or in a lattice shape, or a large number of split bamboos are woven or knitted into a sheet to form the flooring (12). Placing the lid net (15) on the bamboo pot (14) or using the fine mesh lid net (15) can prevent birds such as ducks from destroying or eating birds that are germinating or growing. .

  Although a single vegetation base (2) can be used for the artificial vegetation island (1) for vegetation, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of vegetation bases (2) are connected to each other in the same plane, 1) can also be formed. In the illustrated embodiment, four vegetation bases (2) are connected at right angles to the wave traveling direction of the water area where the artificial floating island for vegetation (1) is installed, and two vegetation bases (2 ) Can be connected in parallel, and a relatively large artificial floating island (1) can be formed by a total of eight vegetation platforms (2).

  When using the vegetation base (2), a medium (19) for vegetation is disposed in the bamboo pot (14) and between a plurality of adjacent bamboo pots (14), and the medium (19) is a mat (13). Is held in the frame (11). The bottomed bamboo pot (14) and bedcloth (13) hold the soil (19) between the inner and adjacent bamboo pots (14), and the soil (19) is vegetated base (2) by waves or water flow. Can be prevented from flowing out. The water area where the artificial floating island for vegetation (1) is installed without introducing foreign plants by using the soil containing the seeds of aquatic plants collected from the bottom of the water where the artificial vegetation island for vegetation (1) is installed as the medium (19) Can grow aquatic plants that match A bottomed bamboo pot (14) closed by a bamboo node may be used, and an open bottom cylindrical bamboo pot (14) may be used. Further, since the soil (19) collected from the bottom of the water usually contains seeds that did not reach sunlight and did not germinate, it is not necessary to sow seeds separately in the soil (19). A weight that gives the vegetation base (2) a higher specific gravity than water may be attached to the frame (11).

  In addition, a float (3) that produces buoyancy in the water in the manufactured artificial floating island vegetation base (2), and a vegetation base (2) and a float (3) that can adjust the water depth of the vegetation base (2) in water. Removable cable body (4), mooring means (5) to prevent drifting of the vegetation base (2), and wave-dissipating member (6) for deactivating or attenuating waves and swells hitting the vegetation base (2) Are attached to the artificial floating island vegetation base (2) to produce an artificial floating island for vegetation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, each float (3) is formed by bundling eight bamboo cylinders having a sealed space between adjacent nodes with a rope, and the water surface ( 20) Four floats (3) floating above are connected to the vegetation base (2) by ropes (4). By connecting one end of the cable body (4) to the vegetation base (2) and attaching the middle part of the cable body (4) to the float (3), the vegetation base (2) can be held at a predetermined depth. . Float (3) can be mass-produced cheaply and easily from bamboo cylinders having a diameter of 80 to 200 mm, preferably about 150 mm, cut to a length of 8 to 12 m, preferably about 10 m, and adversely affects the landscape and the natural environment. Don't give. The float (3) may be formed by combining a plurality of bamboo cylinders cut to about 1.5 to 5 m in the length direction. The float (3) is formed to have a length of 20 to 30 m, preferably about 25 m, depending on the scale of the artificial vegetation island (1) for vegetation. It is formed to a certain width. The length and quantity of the bamboo cylinder required for the structure of the float (3) are not limited to the above numerical values, and may be appropriately changed depending on conditions such as the weight of the vegetation base (2). In addition, materials other than natural materials such as plastic may be used for the float (3) collected after fixing the vegetation base (2) to the bottom of the water.

  The rope (4) is, for example, a rope made of natural fibers, and the length of the rope (4) connecting the vegetation base (2) and the float (3) is adjusted to adjust the length of the vegetation base (2). ) Can change the water depth. A wire made of metal such as iron or copper or a rope made of synthetic fiber may be used for the rope body (4) recovered after fixing the vegetation base (2) to the bottom of the water.

  A well-known anchor such as a sandbag filled with earth and sand in a cloth bag, a marine dredger, and a column buried in the bottom of the water can be used as the mooring means (5). For example, mooring means (5) by sandbags filled with sand and sand in the water area where artificial floating island for vegetation (1) is installed can moor vegetation artificial floating island (1) at a predetermined position on the water without harming the natural environment. . In the illustrated embodiment, the vegetation platform (2) is prevented from drifting by connecting the two floats (3) arranged forward and backward with respect to the wave traveling direction by ropes or wires (18). By adjusting the length of the rope (4) connecting the vegetation basement (2) and the float (3) that sinks in the water, the vegetation base (2) is suspended from the float (3) to a predetermined water depth position. be able to. The weight and quantity of the mooring means (5) are not limited to the above numerical values and may be changed as appropriate.

  The bamboo pot (14) is formed by alternately or in combination with a bamboo cylinder having a node, a bamboo cylinder from which a node is removed, or a bamboo cylinder having a node and a bamboo cylinder from which a node is removed. By forming bamboo pots (14) having different depths depending on the presence or absence of nodes, aquatic plants having different root lengths and different types of aquatic plants can be grown in the plurality of bamboo pots (14). Aquatic plants germinate from the soil (19) filled inside the bamboo pot (14) and between adjacent bamboo pots (14), and the roots of the aquatic plants are placed under the bamboo pot (14). It grows through the relatively coarse flooring (12) and mat (13). Depending on the type of aquatic plant in the water area where the artificial floating island for vegetation (1) is installed, the ratio of the number of bamboo cylinders with nodes and bamboo cylinders from which the nodes have been removed may be changed.

  The lid net (15) is formed of, for example, bamboo sheets made of woven bamboo or split bamboo having a width of about 5 to 15 mm at a pitch of 100 mm. By the lid net (15), the bamboo pot (14) can be fixed to the frame (11), and the bamboo pot (14) can be prevented from floating from the vegetation base (2) in water. As shown in FIG. 4, the floor material (12) and the lid mesh (15) may be knitted by simple four-knit knitting, one by one by one vertical and one horizontal knives. It is also possible to knit by a known method such as twist knitting, sixth stitch knitting or hemp leaf knitting.

  The wave-dissipating member (6) is made of a bamboo material such as a bamboo branch. For example, a bamboo branch or a branch leaf having a length of about 400 to 500 mm is bundled and fixed to the frame (11) with a rope or a wire. In this case, the root part of the bamboo branch that will be the wave-dissipating member (6) is fixed to the lower frame (16) or the upper frame (17) with a rope or wire, and the branches and leaves are arranged facing down the vegetation base (2). Is done. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the wave-dissipating member (6) is formed by a bamboo branch panel in which a plurality of bamboo branches or a bundle of branches and leaves (26) is fastened to the split bamboo (27) with a rope or wire. The bamboo branch panel is fixed to the lower frame (16) and / or the upper frame (17) with a rope or a wire. Although not shown, the wave-dissipating member (6) is fixed to each of the four opposing sides of the vegetation base (2). Bamboo bush-shaped wave-dissipating member (6) that allows water to pass through, quenches or attenuates waves and swells toward vegetation base (2) and suppresses outflow of soil (19) out of vegetation base (2) Has the effect of The wave-dissipating member (6) formed of a natural bamboo branch forms a spawn or a spawning place for aquatic organisms (fishing reefs) such as shrimp or fish.

  Bamboo pot (14) is placed in vegetation base (2) to which wave-dissipating member (6) is fixed, and soil (19) is filled between bamboo pot (14) and between adjacent bamboo pots (14). Then, the lid net (15) is attached on the bamboo pot (14). After moving the vegetation base (2) to the lake or river where the artificial floating island for vegetation (1) should be installed, the bamboo pot (14) is filled with soil (19), so it is relatively light without filling the soil (19) Vegetation base (2) can be transported to lakes or rivers. Before moving the vegetation base (2) to the lake or river, the bamboo pot (14) may be filled with soil (19). The float (3) and the mooring means (5) are connected by a rope or a wire (18), and the mooring means (5) is arranged at the bottom of the water. In the artificial floating island for vegetation (1) in Fig. 3, a pair of floats (3) are attached in the length direction of the vegetation base (2), and the ropes (4) are connected to both ends of the float (3). The length of the cord (4) connecting the base (2) and the float (3) is adjusted, and the vegetation base (2) is arranged at a depth where aquatic plants can grow. In this state, if the artificial floating island for vegetation (1) is left unattended, the seeds of aquatic plants contained in the soil (19) in the bamboo pot (14) spontaneously germinate, and the aquatic plants are planted on the vegetation base (2). Can be grown. Due to the barrier action of the bamboo bowl (14), the mat (13), the frame (11) and the wave-dissipating member (6), it is possible to suppress the outflow of the soil (19) from the bamboo bowl (14) into the water.

  For example, depending on the eutrophication degree of the water area where the artificial floating island for vegetation (1) is installed and the type of aquatic and submerged plants, for example, the water depth from the water surface (20) to the bamboo pot (14) or the lid net (15) When the vegetation base (2) is installed in water at about 150 to 300 mm, a sufficient amount of sunlight is irradiated on the vegetation base (2) to germinate submerged plant seeds in the soil (19) of the vegetation base (2) can do. When the submerged plant grows and leaves of the submerged plant reach the water surface (20), the water depth from the water surface (20) to the bamboo pot (14) or the lid net (15) is about 500-800mm and the vegetation base (2) Is further settled. When the leaves of the submerged plant grow until reaching the water surface (20) again, the vegetation base (2) and the cord (4) are separated, and the vegetation base (2) is placed on the bottom of the water (10). The float (3), the cable body (4) and the mooring means (5) can be separately collected and reused for another vegetation artificial floating island (1). When the vegetation base (2) is placed on the bottom of the water (10), the flooring (12) approaches the bottom of the water, so if the flooring (12) and the flooring (13) decay, the submerged plant will turn into the bottom of the water (10). The submerged plant grows further by directly rooting and absorbing nutrients directly from the bottom (10).

  The bamboo pot (14) shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 is a cylindrical bottomless bamboo pot (14b) in which a node (14a) is removed, a through hole is provided in a part of the node (14a), or there is no node (14a). ) And a cup-shaped bottomed bamboo bowl (14c) having a node (14a) at the bottom, and alternately alternating the bottomless bamboo bowl (14b) and the bottomed bamboo bowl (14c) according to a certain rule or Arbitrarily placed on the mat (13). Various depths may be given to the soil (19) filled in the plurality of bottomed bamboo pots (14c) by the nodes (14a) having different heights. In FIG. 6, a necessary amount of soil (19) is filled in the bottomless bamboo pot (14b) and the bottomed bamboo pot (14c). By changing the depth of the soil (19) in the bottomed bamboo pot (14c) in addition to the bottomed bamboo pot (14c) and non-bottomed bamboo pot (14b), different circulation of water in the soil (19) The situation arises and different plant growth conditions such as dissolved oxygen content are obtained. For this reason, animal and plant species (21, 22) suitable for different growth conditions grow in each bamboo pot (14), and various vegetation is grown. In addition, the root of the plant (21) that grows in the bottomless bamboo pot (14b) penetrates the floor material (12) and the bedcloth (13), and roots the water under the artificial vegetation floating island (1), An artificial floating island for vegetation because the root density of the plant (22) is low at the bottom of the bottomed bamboo pot (14c). More diverse ecosystems can be nurtured in the lower space of (1). As shown in Fig. 6, a relatively long rooted plant (21) grows dominantly in the bottomless bamboo pot (14b) of the soil (19) thicker than the bottomed bamboo pot (14c). The plant (22) having a short root grows in a bottomed bamboo pot (14c) having a shallower soil (19) than the bottomless bamboo pot (14b).

  FIG. 7 shows a bottomed bamboo pot (14b) and a bottomed bamboo pot (14c) containing soil (19) of equal depth or amount. The bottomed bamboo pot (14c) has a shallow water depth on the top surface of the soil (19), and the bottomed bamboo pot (14b) has a deep water depth on the top surface of the soil (19). As the depth of water increases, the amount of sunlight decreases and the amount of sunlight decreases due to the side wall of the bamboo pot (14), so that the amount of sunlight (illuminance) on the surface of the soil (19) is likely to vary. As a result, plant species (21, 23) with different illuminance necessary for germination or suitable water depth for germination germinate according to the growth conditions in each bamboo pot (14), and various plant species (21, 23) are produced. Can grow. In FIG. 7, a plant (21) that can grow in an environment with a relatively small amount of sunlight is dominant in the bottomless bamboo pot (14b) having a soil (19) surface with less sunlight than the bottomed bamboo pot (14c). Plants (23) that grow naturally and grow in an environment with a relatively high amount of sunlight grow in a bottomed bamboo pot (14c) with a surface of soil (19) with a higher amount of sunlight than a bottomless bamboo pot (14b) .

  After the vegetation base (2) is buried in the water, the vegetation base (2) decays, for example, after 20 to 30 years, and is decomposed into water or soil at the bottom of the water (10). While checking the growth state of aquatic plants, adjust the water depth of the vegetation base (2) with the rope body (4) and finally settle the vegetation base (2), but the vegetation base of natural materials such as bamboo (2 ) May be decayed or corroded and then reduced to the bottom soil or decomposed by aquatic organisms, so there is no need to remove it from the water. The aquatic plants on the vegetation base (2) that are left on the bottom of the water (10) expand the community scale of the aquatic plants by their reproductive power.

  Even if the vegetation base (2) is placed underwater, the frame (11), flooring (12), and bamboo pot formed with bamboo until the aquatic plants grow to a predetermined size in the vegetation base (2) (14) does not decay in water and retains sufficient mechanical strength. In aquatic plants, the whole plant body is underwater, a submerged plant that roots on the bottom of the water, a floating plant that floats on the surface of the water and roots on the bottom of the water, and roots on the bottom of the water. It includes a drawing plant in which at least a part of the leaves protrudes above the water. In addition, after the aquatic plants are grown, the mattress (13) is also formed of natural fibers, so even if the vegetation base (2) is left in water, the components will eventually decay and be reduced to the soil. Does not adversely affect the natural environment. Rather, the abandoned vegetation base (2) germinates the seeds of aquatic plants contained in the medium (19) held inside the bamboo pot (14) and between the adjacent bamboo pots (14). Plants can be grown more prosperously. Furthermore, the bamboo pot (14) holds the medium (19) against the flow of water, and has an effect of preventing the medium (19) from flowing out of the vegetation base (2) due to waves or water flow.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, an artificial floating island for vegetation can be manufactured using bamboo materials that are naturally abundant, and at least during the period until an aquatic plant grows to a predetermined size. The artificial floating island for vegetation does not erode, corrode, or decay in water, reliably maintains a predetermined mechanical strength, is naturally harmless, and does not need to be removed from the water after growth of aquatic plants. That is, the basic concept of the artificial floating island of the present invention is as follows.
[1] Frames (11), flooring (12), mattress (13), bamboo pots (14) and lid nets that mainly constitute the vegetation base (2) by natural materials such as bamboo or wood that are harmless to nature (15) is formed.
[2] In particular, by using bamboo materials that are inexhaustible in Japan, a vegetation base (2) that does not easily decay in water and has sufficient mechanical strength is formed at low cost.
[3] The length of the cord (4) connected to the vegetation base (2) is changed to increase the depth of the vegetation base (2) according to the growth of the plant, and finally the bottom (10) Set the vegetation base (2) in place.
[4] Since the vegetation base (2) left on the bottom of the water (10) is formed by a natural material that is decayed or corroded and reduced to the soil of the bottom (10) or decomposed by aquatic organisms, No need to recover from and is naturally harmless.

  Various modifications can be made to the embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the frame (11) is formed by using a plurality of bamboo cylinders without a node having a structure in which water penetrates inside, but wood is used instead of the bamboo cylinder. Thus, the frame (11) may be formed. The timber can be thinned and cut into a predetermined length, such as cedar, timber and other raw wood, and peeled raw wood. A plurality of through holes that extend radially from the outside to the inside of the bamboo cylinder and introduce water into the frame (11) may be formed in the side wall of the bamboo cylinder. Further, in the illustrated example, an example in which a plurality of bamboo mortars (14) are juxtaposed on the flooring (13) supported by the flooring (12) is shown, but the flooring (13) is omitted and the flooring ( 12) A bamboo pot (14) may be directly disposed on the soil or a soil (19) as a medium may be disposed. In the embodiment, a plurality of bamboo mortars (14) are placed in a state where the central axis of the bamboo mortar (14) is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the bamboo mortar (14) formed by the floor material (12). Although juxtaposed on the material (12), as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of bamboo mortars (24) are juxtaposed on the flooring (12) in a horizontal state with respect to the placement surface of the bamboo mortar (24). May be. Although not shown, a plurality of bamboo pots (14) having a plurality of stages of nodes may be arranged vertically on the flooring (12) or the flooring (13). We have explained the vegetation base (2) installed in freshwater or a mixture of freshwater and seawater, but installed in coastal waters where water is relatively stagnant or water flow is low. The vegetation platform (2) can also be applied to the growth of seaweeds such as hot straw and the purification of seawater. Artificial floating islands for vegetation (1) are not limited to submerged plants such as shrimp, shajikoku, mizuhiki and trigemo. The seeds or spores of floating leaf plants such as can be grown on the vegetation base (2). In addition to water purification, artificial floating islands for vegetation (1) may be installed in water areas such as lakes, rivers, dam lakes, etc. for the purpose of wave quenching, improving landscapes and providing habitats for living organisms. . Soil and sand other than soil (19) collected from the bottom of the water area where the artificial vegetation island (1) for vegetation is installed may be filled in the bamboo pot (14) and between a plurality of adjacent bamboo pots (14). At that time, seeds of aquatic plants suitable for the water area where the artificial vegetation island (1) for vegetation is installed may be separately filled in the earth and sand.

  In addition to the lower frame (16) and the upper frame (17), a plurality of frames (11) may be further stacked on the cross beam stack or the maki stack to form the frame (11). In addition, the method of forming the frame (11) is not limited to cross girder or maki piling, but simply stacking a plurality of horizontally arranged bamboo cylinders vertically to create four walls with a predetermined height, A floor material (12), a mat (13), and a bamboo pot (14) may be sequentially stacked on the bamboo cylinder, and the lid net (15) may be covered and fixed on the bamboo pot (14) as necessary. The vegetation base (2) does not necessarily have to be formed in the above order.For example, the flooring (12) is not disposed on the flooring (12), but the flooring (12) is disposed on the flooring (13). May be. Further, the vegetation base (2) is not limited to the above-described configuration, and may include an additional member such as a frame, a knitted material, a mat, a sheet, or a mat. The numerical values such as the number, size, and density of each component of the artificial vegetation floating island (1) described above are only examples, depending on the location of the artificial floating island (1) for vegetation (1) and its conditions such as construction cost. And may be changed as appropriate.

  As shown in FIG. 10, staples or stapler needles (12c) are arranged on a plurality of split bamboos arranged in parallel and bamboo cylinders (16a, 16b, 16c) constituting a lower frame (16) for supporting the split bamboos below. The flooring (12) fixed to the bamboo cylinder (16a, 16b, 16c) may be formed. As another method, as shown in FIG. 11, for example, a floor material made of bamboo sheets knitted in a hook shape with a yarn or string of plant fiber such as hemp rope or wire (12b) made of split bamboo having a width of about 5 to 15 mm. (12) may be formed.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a vegetation base that is installed on lake shores, rivers, and coastal water areas where water stays relatively or has a low water flow rate, and aquatic plants grow to improve water quality.

  (1) ... Artificial floating island for vegetation, (2) ... Vegetation base, (3) ... Float, (4) ... Rope, (5) ... Mooring means, (11) ... Frame, (12 ) ・ ・ Floor material, (13) ・ ・ Bedding, (14,24,34) ・ ・ Bamboo bowl, (15) ・ ・ Cover net, (16) ・ ・ Lower frame, (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e) ・ ・ Bamboo tube, (17) ・ ・ Upper frame, (17a, 17b, 17c, 17d) ・ ・ Bamboo tube, (19) ・ ・ Medium,

Claims (28)

A frame formed by connecting a plurality of bamboo cylinders or wood constituting the lower frame and the upper frame in a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a cubic shape;
A plurality of bamboo or wooden floors fixed on a plurality of lower frames that are spaced apart from each other and arranged opposite to each other;
A vegetation base for artificial floating islands comprising a plurality of bamboo pots juxtaposed on a flooring.   2. The artificial floating island according to claim 1, wherein the floor material is a large number of split bamboos arranged in parallel or in a lattice shape, or a large number of split bamboos are woven, knitted, or hooked in a sheet shape and fixed on the lower frame. Vegetation base for. The frame has an open structure in which at least a part of a node in the bamboo tube is removed or broken.
The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to claim 1 or 2, wherein water penetrates into the inside from the end of the bamboo cylinder when the frame is placed in water.   The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a natural fiber mat placed on the flooring.   The mattress is a woven fabric having warps and wefts knitted to each other and in which gaps are formed between adjacent warps and adjacent wefts, or a knitted fabric in which multiple gaps are formed. Vegetation base for artificial floating islands.   The mattress is a woven or knitted fabric made of natural fibers in which longitudinal fibers and transverse fibers composed of hemp fibers or stems of a grass family intersect at right angles and a gap is formed between adjacent fibers. The described vegetation base for artificial floating islands.   In any one of Claims 1-6 which arranged the several bamboo pot on the flooring in the state with the center axis | shaft of a bamboo pot vertical or horizontal with respect to the mounting surface of the bamboo pot formed with a flooring. The described vegetation base for artificial floating islands.   The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein a plurality of bamboo pots are juxtaposed on a floor cloth supported by a flooring material.   The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of bamboo pots are juxtaposed on the bed cloth in a state where the central axis of the bamboo pot is vertical or horizontal with respect to the mounting surface of the bamboo pot formed by the bed cloth.   The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a lid net is disposed on the bamboo pot.   The lid net is formed by a lattice structure having square, rectangular or rhombus openings, a knitted bamboo knitted into a honeycomb structure having hexagonal openings, a yarn made of plant fibers, or a stem of a gramineous plant. Vegetation base for artificial floating islands.   The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a medium for vegetation is disposed in the bamboo pot and between a plurality of adjacent bamboo pots.   The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the lower frame and the upper frame are stacked on a cross-beam stack or a maki stack, and the frame is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a cubic shape.   The lower frame includes three bamboo cylinders arranged in parallel with a predetermined distance from each other, and two bamboo cylinders arranged in parallel on both ends of the bamboo cylinder and with a predetermined distance from each other. The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to any one of the above.   The upper frame includes two bamboo cylinders arranged in parallel with a predetermined distance from each other, and two bamboo cylinders arranged in parallel on both ends of the bamboo cylinder at a predetermined interval from each other. The vegetation base for artificial floating islands according to any one of the above. Preparing a plurality of bamboo tubes or wood;
A plurality of bamboo cylinders or timbers stacked on top of each other or stacked and fixed together to form a rectangular or cubic frame having at least a lower frame and an upper frame;
Placing bamboo or wooden flooring on a plurality of lower frames that are spaced apart and spaced apart from each other;
A method for producing a vegetation base for artificial floating islands, comprising a step of juxtaposing a plurality of bamboo pots on a flooring.   The artificial floating island according to claim 16, comprising a step of preparing a plurality of bamboo cylinders provided with an open structure in which at least a part of nodes in the bamboo cylinder is removed or broken to form a continuous cavity in the length direction in the bamboo cylinder. A vegetation base manufacturing method.   18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, comprising a step of juxtaposing a plurality of bamboo pots on the flooring material in a state where the central axis of the bamboo pots is vertical or horizontal with respect to the mounting surface of the bamboo pots formed by the flooring material. Manufacturing method for artificial floating island vegetation base. Placing a natural fiber mat covering the floor material and the lower frame and reaching the upper frame on the floor material;
The manufacturing method of the vegetation base for artificial floating islands in any one of Claims 16-18 including the process of juxtaposing a plurality of bamboo pots vertically on a mattress.   The artificial floating island vegetation according to claim 19, comprising a step of juxtaposing a plurality of bamboo pots on the bed cloth in a state where the central axis of the bamboo pot is vertical or horizontal with respect to the mounting surface of the bamboo pot formed by the bed cloth. Manufacturing method of the base.   The vegetation for artificial floating islands according to any one of claims 16 to 20, comprising a step of arranging a large number of split bamboos in parallel or in a lattice pattern or weaving or knitting a large number of split bamboos into a sheet to form a flooring material. Manufacturing method of the base.   The manufacturing method of the vegetation base for artificial floating islands of any one of Claims 16-21 including the process of arrange | positioning a cover net on a bamboo pot.   The manufacturing method of the vegetation base for artificial floating islands in any one of Claims 16-22 including the process of arrange | positioning the culture medium for vegetation in a bamboo pot and between several adjacent bamboo pots. The artificial floating island vegetation base according to any one of claims 1 to 18 or the artificial floating island vegetation base according to any one of claims 19 to 27, wherein the artificial floating island vegetation base is manufactured underwater. A float that produces buoyancy;
A cable body that removably connects the vegetation base and the float so that the water depth of the vegetation base in water can be adjusted;
An artificial floating island for vegetation with mooring means to prevent drifting of the vegetation base.   The artificial floating island for vegetation according to claim 24, wherein a float is formed by a bamboo cylinder having a sealed space between adjacent nodes.   The artificial floating island for vegetation according to claim 24 or 25, further comprising a wave-dissipating member attached to the vegetation base.   The artificial floating island for vegetation according to claim 26, wherein a wave-dissipating member is formed of bamboo.   The artificial floating island for vegetation according to claim 27, wherein a wave breaker member is formed by attaching a bamboo branch panel in which a bamboo branch bundle or a bamboo branch panel fixed to a split bamboo is attached to a vegetation base.

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