JP2701136B2 - Concrete planting base - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a concrete planting base that contributes to disaster prevention and scenic landscapes along coasts and rivers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, facilities such as breakwaters, seawalls, breakwaters, and breakwater blocks are installed in coastal areas and estuaries from the viewpoint of disaster prevention, but most of the conventional facilities are hardened with concrete. It is just a form of stacked concrete blocks.

[0003] In recent years, the idea of using these inorganic artificial disaster prevention facilities as facilities for people to get close to the waterside has become stronger, and a promenade has been formed on the shore of a river, and the slope of the revetment has been moderated. Things are going on. However, even though these are hydrophilic facilities, they are merely a way to increase the naturalness by coloring the promenade or using natural stones instead of concrete, and it is a disaster prevention facility that is not dangerous even if approached However, he was very dissatisfied with the scenery in terms of getting close to the water.

In order to enhance the naturalness and exert a positive hydrophilic effect, it is considered necessary to plant plants in disaster prevention facilities.

[0005] However, since these facilities are usually installed in a place where they are easily exposed to severe wind and rain, how to secure soil for supplying nutrients to plants and washing of soil by waves. The problem of how to prevent digging and runoff, and how to prevent the roots from expanding sufficiently to prevent them from being knocked down by wind, rain and waves before planting the seedlings before they embed the soil There were many difficult problems such as the problem.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems and simultaneously realizes disaster prevention and scenic scenery. The naturalness of disaster prevention facilities along the coast and rivers can be remarkably increased to improve the hydrophilic effect. Its purpose is to provide a planting base.

[0007]

Means for Achieving the Object To achieve the above object, a concrete planting base according to the present invention fills a concrete container with soil for supplying nutrients, and fills the soil with tree seedlings. It is characterized in that the plant is planted, the upper part of the soil is covered with a sheet-like filter material, the upper part is further covered with a layer of permeable concrete, and the seedlings of the tree are projected through the permeable concrete layer.

According to the present invention, a concave portion is provided on the surface of a base material of a porous concrete for supplying nutrients including small pieces of plants filled in a container made of concrete, and a seedling of a tree is grown with the same quality as the base material. The fixed block is fitted in the recess, the base material and the upper surface of the block are covered with a layer of water-permeable concrete, and the seedlings of the tree are projected through the layer of water-permeable concrete. Is also good.

Further, according to the present invention, a concave portion is provided on a surface of a base material of a porous concrete for supplying nutrients containing small pieces of plants filled in a container made of concrete, and the concave portion is wrapped with a sheet filter. In the state, insert a soil block in which tree seedlings are planted, cover the base material and the top surface of the soil block with a layer of permeable concrete,
You may comprise so that the seedling of the said tree may protrude through this layer of permeable concrete.

[0010]

The concrete planting base according to the first aspect of the present invention is installed near the waterside so that water can be supplied naturally. Seedlings are cultivated and managed under stable external and internal environments until they can withstand the natural environment of the installation site. Water is supplied into the container from the permeable concrete layer on the upper surface. Fertilizer is supplied as appropriate. After the conditions necessary for the growth of the seedlings are satisfied and the plants grow steadily, a greened landscape is realized in the area where the planting base is installed.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (a) Since the container is made of concrete and is entirely in the form of a concrete block, it can be combined with disaster prevention facilities.Because the seedlings are natural trees, they can be used for natural disaster prevention facilities in coastal areas and river areas after growth. Green can be captured and used for scenic views to enhance the hydrophilic effect. (b) Since it can be transported, it is only necessary to manufacture it in a factory or the like in advance and install a planting base at the site, so that the construction period is short. (c) Seedlings will be transferred to the site after growing and managing until the roots take root under the stable external and internal environment on the planting base and can withstand the environment at the installation site. In such a case, mainly, only the external environment changes, so that it is possible to respond to changes in the environment. Therefore, the certainty of fixation is higher than when transplanting directly to the site. (d) It is easy to adjust the soil to an optimal composition for the growth of tree seedlings. In addition, water can be freely supplied to the soil through the layer of permeable concrete, and even if the entire container is covered with waves, the soil is covered with the permeable concrete layer and sheet-like filter material, so it is sucked out by the waves. No runaway. (e) By changing the size of the container, the range of adaptation to shallow and deep water can be widened.

Next, according to the planting base according to the second aspect of the present invention, effects similar to the above (a) to (c) and (e) can be obtained, and a concrete container or a surface permeable concrete can be used. Even if cracks or breakage occur in the layer, soil flows out from inside,
There is no danger of polluting the surroundings.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the above (a)
In addition to the effects equivalent to (e), even if the concrete container or surface permeable concrete layer is cracked or damaged, there is little danger of soil spilling out from the inside and contaminating the surroundings. The initial conditions for tree growth are superior to those of porous concrete base materials, since the soil is used for soil.

[0014]

Next, an embodiment of the concrete planting base of the present invention will be described. In addition, the embodiment of FIGS.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples in which seedlings are planted in a concrete container and the soil is covered with permeable concrete. FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples in which the seedlings are replaced with soil and porous concrete is used. FIG. 8 is a compromise between the above two examples.

In the planting base shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a soil 2 for supplying nutrients is filled in a concrete container 1, a tree seedling 3 is planted in the soil 2, and the upper part of the soil 2 is formed into a sheet. The filter material 4 is further covered with a single layer of permeable concrete layer 5 at the upper portion, and the seedlings 3 of the tree are projected through the permeable concrete layer 5.

Here, as a tree seedling 3, Yaeyama Hirugi (a kind of mangrove having a height of about 1.5 m),
Medium 2 was made from weathered soft tuff distributed in the southern part of Okinawa Island, and was adjusted mainly for nutrient-rich Kucha (local name). Many mangroves produce roots of a specific form, and Aspergillus japonica leaves octopus-foot-like supporting roots (specific roots) 6 from its trunk or branches as it grows. A hole 7 (see FIG. 1) was provided so that the support root 6 could enter. Fertilization is also performed through the holes 7.

Next, in order to manufacture the planting base, first, the soil 2 is put into the container 1. The container 1 is made of concrete and has a hole 8 formed at the bottom. The container 1 needs to have sufficient strength so as not to be broken by waves, and it is preferable to arrange a reinforcing bar inside. The medium 2 is used to allow a new specific root to elongate and enter the tree after planting and to develop fine roots to absorb nutrients. A filter 10 made of a nonwoven fabric or the like is arranged inside the hole 8. The size of the hole 8 is determined according to the nature of the tree species to be planted.

Next, a tree seedling 3 is planted on the soil 2, and the soil 2 is covered with a sheet-like filter material 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of pipes 9 made of vinyl chloride or the like are arranged around the periphery. The pipe 9 is used to make a hole 7 for communicating the outside with the soil 2, and the hole 7 has a size, a number, an arrangement, a depth, an angle, and the like according to root entry, fertilization, insertion of a support, and the like. Decide. In order to maintain the state of the pipe 9 during the casting of the base material, the pipe 9 may be bound to a wire mesh or the like.

At the root of the seedling 3, a coconut fiber sheet or cedar bark 11
Is wound, and permeable concrete is cast thereon to form the permeable concrete layer 5, and the pipe 9 is pulled out to form the hole 7, whereby the planting base is completed.

The root distribution of the dominant forest of the yaeyama hirugi is maximum in the surface layer of 0 to 20 cm, decreases rapidly in the layers below it, and is hardly distributed at a depth of 80 cm or less. Therefore, as the reference dimension, the concrete layer 5
The thickness of the medium 2 is about 60 to 70 cm, and the depth of the container 1 is 90 cm.
It should just be set to about. Of course, this depth must be adjusted depending on the conditions of the installation location. The same applies to the following examples.

In the planting base having the above structure, the seedlings 3 are grown and managed under a stable external and internal environment until they can withstand the natural environment at the place where they are installed. Then, for example, it may be installed at or near a breakwater. In this case, it is necessary that the branches and leaves of the seedlings 3 do not submerge or are short-lived even when submerged. The container 1 appears from the water surface at low tide and submerges at high tide. Seawater is sufficiently supplied into the container 1 from the concrete layer 5 or from the hole 8 at the bottom. As the fertilizer, a fast-acting chemical fertilizer and a large grain slow-acting fertilizer are used, and these are supplied as appropriate. Thereby, the seedlings 3 satisfy the conditions necessary for growth. As the seedlings 3 grow, the trunk grows and becomes thicker, but the coconut fiber sheet and the cedar bark 11 wound around the root also deteriorate, so that the growth of the trunk is not hindered. Even if the root of the trunk grows and enlarges,
Agglomeration of the permeable concrete is removed by the hypertrophy, and growth is not hindered. In addition, new unique roots are generated and extended from the lower part of the trunk. As shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, the peculiar roots 6 crawl on the surface of the concrete layer 5, then enter the inside through the nearby holes 7, reach the soil 2 at the root part, the fine roots are stretched, and the nutrients are absorbed. Eventually, the trunk is supported, so the support strength is increased.
Then, after the growth, a green landscape is realized in the portion P where the planting base is installed as shown in FIG.

As described above, according to the planting base having the above configuration, the following effects can be obtained. (a) Since the container 1 is made of concrete and has a concrete block shape as a whole, it can be combined with a disaster prevention facility, and since the seedlings 3 are trees that are in harmony with the environment, natural green is taken into the disaster prevention facility. It can exert a scenic effect and enhance the hydrophilic effect. (b) Since it can be transported, it is only necessary to manufacture it in a factory or the like in advance and install a planting base at the site, so that the construction period is short. (c) The seedlings 3 will be transferred to the site after growing and managing until the roots take root under the stable external and internal environment on the planting base and can withstand the natural environment, and in this case However, since only the external environment mainly changes, it is possible to respond to environmental changes. Therefore, the certainty of fixation is higher than when transplanting directly to the site. (d) The medium 2 in the container 1 can be easily adjusted to the optimum composition for the growth of the seedlings 3. In addition, water can be freely supplied to the soil 2 through the permeable concrete layer 5, and even if the whole is covered with waves, the soil 2 is covered with the permeable concrete layer 5 and the filter material 4, so that the soil 2 is sucked out by waves. It does not run away. (e) By changing the size of the container 1, it is possible to widen the adaptation range to the shallow and deep water.

In the case of planting a tree having no peculiar roots, such as yaeyama hirugi, it is only necessary to drill a few holes for additional fertilization in the concrete layer 5 in the manner described above. Seedlings 3 are naturally adapted to water by placing a planting base beside the water, so they are familiar with water like mangroves,
Seedlings 3 that do not cause root rot even when partially immersed in water
It is preferred to select

Trees that adapt to water include, for example, willows, cypresses, and rakusho (ochimatsu) in river areas.
It is only necessary to select a tree that is resistant to inundation, such as.

The shape of the container 1 is also circular in plan view in this example, but may be elliptical, polygonal, or irregular. Further, two or more containers 1 can be connected in succession, and a plurality of planting bases can be continuously combined.

It is to be noted that the container 1 can be used in a similar manner by using an existing facility as shown in FIG. The figure shows an example of using a staircase type revetment. Since the scenery is too artificial with concrete alone, holes 14 are drilled at regular intervals, and stones are packed here to add natural elements. . Such a hole 14 may be used as a fixed container. In this case, the bottom of the hole 14 is continuous with the base 15 and the water supplied from above is easily discharged from the bottom, so a synthetic resin sheet 16 is pushed into the hole 14 as shown in FIG. Further, after the filter material 4 made of non-woven fabric is pushed into the inside thereof, the soil 2 is filled therein, the seedlings 3 are planted, and the upper portion thereof is covered with the filter material 4 folded over.
The permeable concrete layer 5 is formed on the upper part. The seedlings 3 planted in the soil 2 penetrate the concrete layer 5.

The sheet 16 made of synthetic resin is used to prevent water supplied into the fixed container 1 from being easily drained. The water may be drained after dawn. The filter material 4 is for preventing the internal soil 2 from being sucked out by waves and run off. The gravels block is used to weaken and stabilize the wave force on the nonwoven fabric.

Next, FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which the soil 2 is not used. The planting base is a porous concrete base material instead of the root pot of the seedling 3 and the surrounding soil 2 of the above embodiment. 17 is a concrete container 1 having the same structure as the above-described example.
Is filled inside.

The base material 17 of porous concrete is a mixture of concrete aggregates and plant fragments. For example, pine bark, goose, hardened bagasse, etc. may be used. Good. These plant pieces serve to retain moisture and nutrients, and after decomposing, create voids into which roots can enter.

The above planting base is manufactured as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the pipe 9 is disposed in the concrete container 1 in the above-described manner, and the porous concrete base material 17 is filled, and the concave portion 12 is formed in the center portion to be cured. Separately from this, a planting hole 14 is formed in the center of the same porous concrete block 13 as the base material 17, and the roots of the young seedlings 3 are planted in the planting hole 14 in a state wrapped with palm fiber or the like. The roots of the seedlings 3 enter the porous concrete block 13 by water supply and fertilization, and are integrally fixed and trained. Next, the planting block 13 is fitted into the concave portion 12 in the container 1, and permeable concrete is poured from above to form the layer 5 of FIG.
And a hole 7 is formed. Thereby, the planting base of FIG. 5 is obtained.

The planting base having the above-mentioned structure is also installed at the site after breeding and management until the seedlings 3 can withstand the environment of the installation site. The hole 7 is used for entry of a peculiar root and topdressing as in the above-described example. Porous concrete base material 1
The water and nutrients retained in the small pieces of the plant No. 7 are supplied to the roots of the seedlings 3 and help their growth. Although these plant fragments are decomposed over time, organic matter accumulates in the pores of the base material 17, and the nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and the like supplied from them are mixed with the humus of plant fragments. Nutrients are absorbed and retained by decomposed products of the remains of living organisms living there, and nutrients are absorbed through the contact surfaces between them and the side surfaces of the pores and the fine roots of the seedlings 3 to continue growing.

In connection with this, considering the use on the shore or riverbank, in the pores and holes of the planting base, small fish, shrimp, crabs, annelids, polychaetes, etc. Small animals, various algae, microorganisms, etc., enter and inhabit, and the plant pieces in the porous concrete are decomposed by these to become tree nutrients. Initially required nutrients are supplied by fertilizer, and if a small ecosystem is created in the planting base, nutrients will be supplied through foraging and decomposition from the food chain in it. When the ecosystem is established, the fallen leaves, branches, old roots, etc. from the planted trees support the food chain, and various decomposed products generated in the decomposition process are absorbed as nutrients of the tree. Once established, fertilization is no longer necessary. This can be expected from the fact that mangroves are growing even in rocks and coral reefs where mud does not accumulate in the natural state.

According to the above embodiment, even if cracks or breakage occur in the concrete container 1 or the surface permeable concrete layer 5, there is no danger of the soil 2 flowing out from the inside and contaminating the surroundings. Can be used where you do not want to use. For example, if it is installed in combination with (the land side of) the wave-dissipating block as shown in FIG. 11, it can be used for strengthening the stiffened portion and for landscape improvement by greening the planting base portion P. Of course, it may be installed on the shore of the embankment or on the jetty surrounding the artificial beach. Furthermore, it may be set at the edge of a waterway running inside the city.

FIG. 7 shows another example of the concrete planting base of the present invention. This planting base is provided inside a concrete container 1 for supplying nutrients containing small pieces of plants. The base material 17 of porous concrete is filled, and the base material 1
7, a soil block 18 in which tree seedlings 3 are planted is fitted into the recess 12 while being wrapped in the sheet filter 4a.
7 and the top surface of the soil block 18 are covered with a layer 5 of water-permeable concrete, and the seedlings 3 of the tree are projected through the layer 5 of water-permeable concrete.

Next, the method of manufacturing the planting substrate will be described. As described above, the hole 8 at the bottom of the container 1 is closed with a filter made of non-woven fabric or the like, and the recess 12a is formed as shown in FIG. Then, a plurality of pipes 9 made of vinyl chloride or the like are arranged upright. 19 is a wire mesh. Further, a porous concrete is cast to form a base of the porous concrete having a concave portion 12 in the upper central portion as shown in FIG. After that, the soil block 18 having the tree seedlings 3 planted therein is fitted in the recess 12 formed on the upper surface of the porous concrete base material 17 in a state of being wrapped by the sheet filter 4a, and the base material 17 and the filter material The permeable concrete 5 is cast on 4a. If necessary, a palm fiber sheet, a cedar bark 11 or the like is wound to protect the trunk and the support roots 6 buried in the permeable concrete, and is then placed. Thereafter, the hole 9 is formed by removing the pipe 9. Seedlings 3 are permeable concrete 5
Projecting upward through the. Thereby, the planting base of FIG. 7 is obtained.

The planting base having the above structure is also transferred to the site after growing and managing it under a stable external and internal environment until the seedlings 3 can withstand the natural environment. As the fertilizer, a fast-acting chemical fertilizer and a large-size slow-acting fertilizer are used. By appropriately supplying these, the fertilizer grows by removing the aggregate of the permeable concrete under the hypertrophic pressure. Therefore, even with this planting base, an effect similar to that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be expected.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, even if cracks or breakage occur in the concrete container 1 or the surface permeable concrete layer 5 in particular, there is a danger that the soil 2 flows out from inside and pollutes the surroundings. Is less. In addition, since the medium 2 is used at the core, the initial condition of tree growth is better than that of the porous concrete base shown in FIG.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a planting base according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the planting base.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a production mode of the planting base.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of an example when the fixed container of the planting base is used.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a planting base using a fixed container.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the planting base.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another example of the planting base in a partial cross section.

FIGS. 8 (a) and (b) are explanatory views showing a production mode of the planting base.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of another example of the installation state of the planting base.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a disaster prevention facility using a part as a fixed container.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing still another example of the planting base in a partial cross section.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 container 2 soil 3 seedling 4 filter material 5 layer of water-permeable concrete 12 concave portion 17 base material of porous concrete 13 block of porous concrete 18 soil block

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Agency reference number FI Technical display location E02B 3/14 301 E02B 3/14 301

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A concrete container is filled with a soil for supplying nutrients, a tree seedling is planted in the soil, the upper part of the soil is made of a sheet-like filter material, and the upper part is made of a layer of permeable concrete. A planting base made of concrete, wherein the plant is covered with a water-permeable concrete layer, and the seedlings of the tree are protruded through the permeable concrete layer. 2. A concave portion is provided on a surface of a base material of a porous concrete for supplying nutrients including small pieces of plants filled in a container made of concrete, and a seedling of a tree is cultivated and fixed with the same quality as the base material. The concrete block characterized in that the blocks are fitted into the recesses, the base material and the top surfaces of the blocks are covered with a layer of permeable concrete, and the seedlings of the tree are projected through the layer of permeable concrete. Planting base. 3. A concave portion is provided on a surface of a base material of a porous concrete for supplying nutrients including a small piece of a plant filled in a container made of concrete, and the concave portion is wrapped with a sheet-like filter. A soil block in which the seedlings are planted is inserted, and the upper surface of the base material and the soil block is covered with a layer of permeable concrete, and the seedlings of the tree are projected through the layer of permeable concrete. And concrete planting base.