JP4836798B2 - 癌を治療するための化合物および方法 - Google Patents
癌を治療するための化合物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4836798B2 JP4836798B2 JP2006536746A JP2006536746A JP4836798B2 JP 4836798 B2 JP4836798 B2 JP 4836798B2 JP 2006536746 A JP2006536746 A JP 2006536746A JP 2006536746 A JP2006536746 A JP 2006536746A JP 4836798 B2 JP4836798 B2 JP 4836798B2
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- Prior art keywords
- igf
- insulin
- cancer
- receptor
- chemotherapeutic agent
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
本出願は、2003年10月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/513,048号、「Compounds and Methods for Treating Cancer」に対する優先権を主張する。
インスリンは、イン・ビトロにおいて、乳癌細胞に対する1つの化学療法剤の効果を高め、より低濃度でのメトトレキセートによる該細胞の殺傷を可能とすることが示されている。この作用は、インスリン受容体を有する癌細胞に依存するものと推測される。最も考えられることは、殺傷力を高めるのは、インスリンが細胞の分裂を刺激するため、またメトトレキセートは、他の多くの化学療法剤のように、非分裂細胞よりも分裂細胞に対してより高い毒性を示すためである。例えば、急速に成長する腫瘍はゆっくりと成長する腫瘍よりも化学療法に対してより感受性であることが知られている(シャックニー、エス、イー等(Shackney,S.E.,et al.,)1978年「Ann.Intern.Med.」89:107)。しかしながら、インスリンおよびメトトレキセートは個別に投与されており、癌細胞がメトトレキセートの摂取を増加させることに対して、インスリンは、ほとんど効果を示していなかった。 化学療法剤をインスリンまたはインスリン受容体リガンドに物理的にカップリングさせることによって、癌細胞による化学療法剤の摂取は増加する。カップリングされた化合物は細胞表面のインスリン受容体に結合し、かくして、化学療法剤を細胞表面に維持し、ここでは、化学療法剤の摂取は、インスリンにカップリングされていない化学療法剤の摂取に比べて大幅に増加する。コンジュゲート、およびそれらが結合する受容体は受容体介在性エンドサイトーシスによって細胞に効果的に取り込まれる(シュレジンガー、ジェイ等(Schlessinger,J.,et al.,)1978年「Proc.Nat‘l Acad.Sci.USA」 75:2659、ピルチ、ピー、エフ等(Pilch,P.F.,et al.,)1983年「J.Cell Biol.」93:133、ポザンスキー、エム、ジェイ等(Pozansky,M.J.,et al.,)1984年「Science」 223:1304)。化学療法剤はまた内在化され、癌細胞に対して効果的となろう。これは、メトトレキセート−アルブミンコンジュゲートが、マウスに移植された癌を治療する場合において、非結合メトトレキセートよりも効果的であることを示すことで証明される(ブーア、エル等(Bures,L.,et al.,)1988年「Neoplasma」 35:329)。癌細胞への増強された摂取のため、化学療法剤にカップリングしたインスリンを含有する化合物は、当該非結合剤をインスリンと共に投与した場合でさえ、非結合化学療法剤よりも、より効果的に癌細胞を殺す。
(定義)
用語「抗癌化学療法剤」とは、酵素ではなく、非癌性細胞に対する作用を抑えつつ、癌細胞を殺し、または癌細胞の成長を阻害する合成、生物学的、または半合成化合物をいう。
(説明)
本発明は、インスリン受容体リガンドに結合された抗癌化学療法剤を含む、癌を治療するためのコンジュゲート化合物を提供する。ある具体的な実施形態において、抗癌化学療法剤はメトトレキセートではない。
(抗癌化学療法剤を受容体リガンドにカップリングさせるためのガイドライン)
インスリンおよびIFG−1受容体に対する天然リガンドは蛋白質、すなわち、インスリン、IGF−1およびIGF−2である。化学療法剤は、典型的には、蛋白質上に存在する反応性基を介して蛋白質にカップリングする。それらはN−末端アルファ−アミノ基、C−末端アルファ−カルボキシル基、リシンの側鎖アミノ基、アスパラギン酸およびグルタミン酸の側鎖カルボキシル基、システインの側鎖チオール、およびアルギニンの側鎖を含む。蛋白質に見出される他の反応性側鎖はセリンおよびスレオニンの側鎖ヒドロキシル、チロシンのヒドロキシアリール、ヒスチジンのイミダゾールおよびメチオニンの側鎖である。
ヒトインスリンの構造を以下に示す。
(実施例)
ここで、以下の実施例によって本発明を説明する。実施例は本発明を説明するためのものであって、本発明の範囲の限定を意図するものではない。
(合成実施例1−インスリン、IGF−1およびIGF−2へのメトトレキセートカップリング)
2−工程手法:この手法はシュテーレ、ジー等(Stehle,G.,et al.,)「Anti−Cancer Drugs」 :677(1997年)およびブーア、エル等(Bures,L.,et al.,)「Neoplasma」 35:329(1988年)から修飾される。メトトレキセート(MTX)を水に20mg/mlで溶解させる。NaOH溶液を滴加して、MTX遊離酸の溶解を補助することができる。1mlのこのMTX溶液に14mgのN,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)および50mgのN−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドを加える。混合物を12時間インキュベートして、活性化されたMTX、メトトレキセート−スクシンイミドエステル(MTX−SE)を形成する(反応図式1)。
(合成実施例2−インスリン、IGF−1およびIGF−2へのドキソルビシンカップリング)
ドキソルビシンの構造を以下に示す。
(合成実施例3――インスリン、IGF−1およびIGF−2への5−フルオロウラシルのカップリング)
フルオロウラシルを2’−デオキシリボース等の糖またはデオキシ糖にカップリングさせ、ヌクレオシドを形成する。ヌクレオシドの糖部分をインスリン、IGF−1、およびIGF−2にカップリングさせる。1つの実施形態において、出発物質はデオキシウリジンである。デオキシウリジンをフッ素化して、5−フルオロデオキシウリジンを形成する(ロビンス、ジェー(Robins,.J.,)1976年「J.Am.Chem.Soc.」98:7381)。
(合成実施例4――インスリン、IGF−1、およびIGF−2へのブレオマイシンカップリング)
ブレオマイシンは、ジスクシンイミジルスベリン酸塩またはジメチルアジピミデート等の架橋剤でインスリン、IGF−1およびIGF−2のアミノ基へのカップリングで利用できる2つの遊離第一級アミノ基および第二級アミンを有する。
(合成実施例5――インスリン、IGF−1、およびIGF−2へのビンクリスチンカップリング)
ビンクリスチンはカップリングで利用できる1つの第二級アミンを有し、かくして、インスリン、IGF−1またはIGF−2上のアミノ基へ、DSSまたはDMA等の二官能性アミン反応性試薬によってカップリングさせることができる。
(合成実施例6――インスリン、IGF−1、およびIGF−2へのパクリタキセルカップリング)
パクリタキセルは遊離反応性アミノ基を有さず、スルフヒドリルを有しないが、利用可能なヒドロキシルを2つ有する。ヒドロキシルはDSS等の二官能性カップリング剤でpHを上昇させて活性化させ、次いで、活性化されたパクリタキセルをインスリン、IGF―1またはIGF−2と反応させて、蛋白質上のアミノ基へのカップリングを得ることができる。
(合成実施例7――インスリン、IGF−1、およびIGF−2へのエトポシドカップリング)
エトポシドのフェノール性ヒドロキシルは求核的にハロゲン化ホスホリルを攻撃して、エトポシドリン酸を形成する(米国特許第5,041,424号)。類似の反応を用いて、エトポシドをインスリン、IGF−1またはIGF−2へカップリングさせることができる。
シクロホスファミドは以下に示す構造を有する。シクロホスファミドは哺乳動物においてイン・ビボで酸化し、活性種であるホホラミド(phophoramide) マスタードに分解される(ケーウォン、シー等(Kwon,C.−H.,et al.,)1991年「J.Med.Chem.」34:588)。
(実施例1:メトトレキセートがインスリン、IGF−1,またはIGF−2にカップリングされるか、またはインスリンまたはIGF−1と同時投与されるヒト乳癌モデルにおけるメトトレキセートの活性)
イン・ビトロテスト:
MCF−7はインスリンおよびIGF−1の双方に応答するヒト乳癌細胞系である(アラバスター、オー等(Alabaster,O.,et al.,)1981年「Eur J.Cancer Clin.Oncol.」17:1223−1228、デュポン、ジェー等(Dupont,J.,et al.,)2003年「J.Biol.Chem.」278:37256)。
イン・ビボテスト:
MCF−7細胞を前記したように培養する。6週齢雌ヌードマウス(nu/nu,スプレイグ ドーリー(Sprague Dawley)マジソン、ウイスコンシン)の背中に0.04mlの無血清培養液中の5×106のMCF−7細胞を皮下注射する。マウスにおけるエストロゲン生産はMCF−7の成長を支持するには不十分であり、そのため、マウスにゴマ油に溶解させたベータ−エストラジオールの注射(油0.1mg/0.05mlの皮下投与)を、癌細胞の注射1日前に開始し、その後毎週行う。5mmの直径となるまで腫瘍を成長させる(ハードマン、ダブリュウ、イー等(Hardman,W.E.,et al.,)1999年「Anticancer Res.」19:2269)。
(実施例2:ドキソルビシンがインスリン、IGF−1、またはIGF−2にカップリングされ、あるいはインスリンまたはIGF−1が同時投与されるヒト結腸癌モデルにおけるドキソルビシンの活性)
イン・ビトロテスト:
HT29はインスリンおよびIGF−1に対して応答性であるヒト結直腸癌細胞系である(リエラ、エル等(Riera,L.,et al.,)2002年「Biochim.Biophys.Acta」 1589:89、ヴァリー、エス等(Valee,S.,et al.,)2003年「Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.」305:831)。
イン・ビボテスト:
HT29細胞を前記したように培養する。6週齢雌ヌードマウスの脇腹に107のHT29細胞を皮下注射する。腫瘍を5mmの直径まで成長させる。
Claims (1)
- インスリン様成長因子−1(IGF−1)受容体リガンドに結合された抗癌化学療法剤を含む癌を治療するための化合物であり、
ここで、該IGF−1受容体リガンドは、受容体に対し、インスリンの場合よりも、より高い親和性を示すIGF−1受容体アゴニストであり、
該IGF−1受容体リガンドが、天然IGF−1と比較して、可溶性IGF−1結合蛋白質に対して、親和性が低下している、IGF−1の変異体である、
癌を治療するための化合物。
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EP0398305A2 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1990-11-22 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Anthracycline conjugates having a novel linker and methods for their production |
WO2002049672A2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Mcgill University | Conjugates of antibodies and anticancer drugs |
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FI102355B1 (fi) | 1988-02-11 | 1998-11-30 | Bristol Myers Squibb Co | Menetelmä yhdistävän välikappaleen omaavien antrasykliini-immunokonjugaattien valmistamiseksi |
US6020145A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 2000-02-01 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Methods for determining the presence of carcinoma using the antigen binding region of monoclonal antibody BR96 |
WO1993021939A1 (en) | 1992-04-27 | 1993-11-11 | New England Deaconess Hospital Corporation | Method of treating cancer |
US5444045A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1995-08-22 | Gropep, Pty. Ltd. | Method of administering IGF-1, IGF-2, and analogs thereof to birds |
US5518888A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1996-05-21 | Thomas Jefferson University | ST receptor binding compounds and methods of using the same |
US7173005B2 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2007-02-06 | Antyra Inc. | Insulin and IGF-1 receptor agonists and antagonists |
CA2400172C (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2010-04-20 | Genesegues, Inc. | Nanocapsule encapsulation system and method |
CA2409197A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-13 | Applied Research Systems Ars Holding N.V. | Human growth hormone to stimulate mobilization of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells |
WO2002072780A2 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Igf antagonist peptides |
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US20040142381A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2004-07-22 | Hubbard Stevan R. | Methods for designing IGF1 receptor modulators for therapeutics |
US20030138430A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-07-24 | Stimmel Julie Beth | Pharmaceutical comprising an agent that blocks the cell cycle and an antibody |
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Patent Citations (3)
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JPH01156998A (ja) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-06-20 | Merck & Co Inc | 血清担体タンパク質との結合力が減少しているヒトインスリン様成長因子類以体及び酵母におけるそれらの産生 |
EP0398305A2 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1990-11-22 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Anthracycline conjugates having a novel linker and methods for their production |
WO2002049672A2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Mcgill University | Conjugates of antibodies and anticancer drugs |
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US7811982B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
EP1680073B1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
CA2542834C (en) | 2012-04-24 |
US8501906B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
WO2005041865A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
JP2008502585A (ja) | 2008-01-31 |
CA2542834A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1680073A2 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
EP1680073A4 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
US20060258569A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
US20100303929A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
WO2005041865A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
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