JP4834617B2 - Alarm - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an alarm device, and more particularly, to an alarm device that self-diagnose whether there is a failure in an electrochemical gas sensor that detects a target gas concentration by a reaction between water vapor from a water container that contains water and the target gas. Is.

  As a device for measuring the CO concentration in the ambient atmosphere, such as a CO alarm device that detects and alarms CO gas due to incomplete combustion of combustion equipment, etc., a device that has conventionally incorporated an electrochemical CO sensor (= gas sensor) Are known.

  As shown in a sectional view in FIG. 7, this electrochemical CO sensor 1 has a proton conductor film 3 installed in an upper opening 4 of a metal can 2 (= water container) in which water 5 is accommodated. The counter electrode 32 is exposed in the metal can 2, and the metal cap 8 including the gas adsorption filter 8 c is overlapped on the opposite detection electrode 31 and is caulked and fixed to the upper opening 4 of the metal can 2.

In the electrochemical CO sensor 1 having the above-described configuration, CO (= target gas) in the ambient atmosphere is introduced into the inside through the introduction hole 8a of the metal cap 8, and the gas adsorption filter 8c made of activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite, or the like. Through the diffusion control hole 7a of the metal diffusion prevention plate 7 interposed between the metal cap 8 and the proton conductor film 3, and reaches the detection electrode 31, where the counter electrode Oxidation reaction using the water 5 in the metal can 2 supplied to the proton conductor film 3 from the 32 side is caused to generate protons (2H ⁺ ) and electrons (2e ⁻ ) at the detection electrode 31.

The electrons (2e ⁻ ) generated in the detection electrode 31 cannot pass through the proton conductor film 3 and therefore stay in the detection electrode 31, while the proton (2H ⁺ ) passes through the proton conductor film 3. It moves to the counter electrode 32, where it causes a reduction reaction with oxygen in the metal can 2 to generate water (H ₂ O) at the counter electrode 32.

  Therefore, between the metal cap 8 that is electrically connected to the detection electrode 31 and functions as its terminal, and the metal can 2 that is electrically connected to the counter electrode 32 via the diffusion prevention plate 7 and functions as its terminal. When a current / voltage conversion circuit (not shown) is connected, a flow of electrons (2e−) staying in the detection electrode 31 toward the counter electrode 32 is generated in the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit. Since a current flows toward the detection electrode 31 through the resistance, the current / voltage conversion circuit converts this current into current / voltage, thereby obtaining a CO concentration signal having a voltage value corresponding to the CO concentration in the ambient atmosphere. (For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Further, as described above, as a gas sensor that utilizes the reaction between water vapor from a water container and a target gas, an ion conductive solid electrolytic membrane is provided between two electrodes, and a constant relative humidity is maintained in the ion conductive solid electrolytic membrane. There is a gas sensor including a water container filled with water (for example, Patent Document 3).

  The CO sensor 1 itself does not require an external power supply in order to generate a CO concentration signal having a voltage value corresponding to the CO concentration in the ambient atmosphere. Suitable for use with certain CO alarms.

  By the way, the above-mentioned CO alarm device has conventionally performed self-diagnosis for detecting failures such as “no water”, “disconnection”, and “short circuit” in which water in the metal can 2 is reduced (for example, Patent Document 3). . The self-diagnosis of the CO sensor 1 regards this CO sensor 1 as a kind of capacitor, and uses the fact that the current waveform at the time of discharge differs from the normal state due to failures such as “no water”, “disconnection”, and “short circuit”. Is going.

  In addition, the present applicant has proposed a method for detecting a failure with reference to not only the waveform at the time of discharging of the CO sensor 1 but also the waveform at the time of charging. In this case, it is necessary to connect the CO sensor 1 to the current / voltage conversion circuit even during discharge. For this reason, the charging current also flows to the current / voltage conversion circuit, and the CO sensor 1 cannot be charged efficiently in a short time, and there is a problem that it takes time for self-diagnosis.

In order to solve this problem, for example, it is conceivable to set the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit high. However, in this case, the time constant becomes large at the time of discharge, and the time until the end of discharge is greatly increased. It takes time for self-diagnosis.
JP 2004-170101 A JP 2004-279293 A JP 2000-146908 A

  Accordingly, the present invention focuses on the above problems and provides an alarm device that can quickly perform self-diagnosis based on the output voltage from the current / voltage conversion circuit when the gas sensor is discharged and charged. Let it be an issue.

  The invention according to claim 1, which has been made in order to solve the above-described problem, is an electrochemical method in which a current corresponding to the concentration of the target gas flows by a reaction between water vapor from a water container containing water or water vapor in the atmosphere and the target gas. A gas sensor; a current / voltage conversion circuit that converts a current flowing through the gas sensor into a voltage; a power source for supplying a charging current to the gas sensor to charge the gas sensor; and a power supply that is provided between the gas sensor and the gas sensor. A first switch for switching between charging and discharging of the gas sensor; first switch control means for turning off the first switch and discharging the gas sensor after charging the gas sensor by turning on the first switch; and the first switch The gas based on the output voltage from the current / voltage conversion circuit during discharging and charging of the gas sensor by the control means And a self-diagnosis means for detecting a failure of the sensor, a resistor provided between the gas sensor and the current input terminal of the current / voltage conversion circuit, and connected in parallel to the resistor A second switch; and second switch control means for turning off the second switch during charging of the gas sensor and turning on the second switch during discharging of the gas sensor. It is a featured alarm.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the second switch control means turns off the second switch while the gas sensor is being charged, and turns on the second switch while the gas sensor is being discharged. Inside, a resistor is inserted between the gas sensor and the input terminal of the current / voltage conversion circuit, and the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit increases, so that almost no charging current flows through the current / voltage conversion circuit. Can be charged efficiently. Further, during the discharge of the gas sensor, the resistance is short-circuited by the second switch and the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit is reduced, so that the discharge time can be shortened.

  As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the resistance is inserted between the gas sensor and the current / voltage conversion circuit during charging of the gas sensor, the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit is increased. The gas sensor can be efficiently charged with almost no charging current flowing through the current / voltage conversion circuit. Further, during the discharge of the gas sensor, the resistance is short-circuited by the second switch, and the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit is reduced, so that the discharge time can be shortened. Self-diagnosis can be quickly performed based on the output voltage from the circuit.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a gas alarm device as an alarm device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the gas alarm device includes a CO sensor 1 as a gas sensor, a microcomputer (hereinafter referred to as a microcomputer) 10, a self-diagnosis circuit 30, a current / voltage conversion circuit 40, a sound alarm output circuit 50, and the gas alarm. A battery 60 for supplying power to each part of the vessel is provided. The CO sensor 1 is, for example, the electrochemical CO sensor 1 shown in FIG. 7 described above, and outputs a current I corresponding to the CO concentration to the current / voltage conversion circuit 40.

  The current / voltage conversion circuit 40 is provided between the operational amplifier 41 having the detection electrode 31 of the CO sensor 1 connected to the negative input terminal and the counter electrode 32 connected to the positive input terminal, and between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 41. And a voltage signal corresponding to the current I is output to the microcomputer 10. A resistor Rs is provided between the detection electrode 31 of the CO sensor 1 and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier 41. A second switch SW2 is provided in parallel with the resistor Rs. The second switch SW2 is controlled to be turned on / off by the microcomputer 10.

  The microcomputer 10 includes a CPU 10a that performs various processes according to a processing program, a ROM 10b that stores a program for processing performed by the CPU 10a, a work area that is used in various processes in the CPU 10a, a data storage area that stores various data, and the like. The RAM 10c has a timer 10d for measuring the time set in a predetermined register or the date, time, etc., and these elements are connected by a bus line. The microcomputer 10 samples the voltage signal output from the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 at a predetermined sampling period and measures the CO gas concentration. When the gas concentration reaches or exceeds the alarm set point, a sound alarm is issued. An alarm is issued from the output circuit 50, and the alarm is stopped when the alarm becomes below the alarm release set point.

  Note that CO is known to be generated even when the combustion utensil is used in a normal state, and in particular, when boiling hot water using a cooking utensil such as a pan or a kettle, until the cold cooking utensil warms up. Since CO occurs during this period, even if the CO concentration (gas concentration) exceeds the alarm set point, an alarm is not generated immediately, and the alarm set point is exceeded even after a predetermined delay time has elapsed. If it continues, an alarm may be generated.

  The self-diagnosis circuit 30 is a circuit that executes a self-diagnosis of the CO sensor 1 in accordance with an instruction from the microcomputer 10. The self-diagnosis of the CO sensor 1 by the self-diagnosis circuit 30 is performed by regarding the CO sensor 1 as a kind of capacitor. The self-diagnosis circuit 30 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the gas alarm shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, Rd is the input resistance Rd of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40. The self-diagnosis circuit 30 is provided between the current source 33 and the CO sensor 1 as a power source for charging the CO sensor 1 by supplying a charging current to the CO sensor 1 and A first switch SW1 for switching between charging and discharging. On / off of the first switch SW1 is controlled by the microcomputer 10.

  Next, the operation at the time of self-diagnosis using the self-diagnosis circuit 30 of the gas alarm will be described. When the first switch SW1 is turned on and the second switch SW2 is turned off according to an instruction from the microcomputer 10, the charging current is supplied from the current source 33 and the CO sensor 1 is charged. At this time, since the second switch SW2 is off, the resistor Rs is inserted between the CO sensor 1 and the current / voltage conversion circuit 40, and the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 is increased to Rs + Rd. The CO sensor 1 can be efficiently charged with almost no charging current flowing through the current / voltage conversion circuit 40.

  Thereafter, when the first switch SW1 is turned off and the second switch SW2 is turned on, the charging from the current source 33 to the CO sensor 1 is cut off, and the charge accumulated in the CO sensor 1 is discharged via the input resistor Rd. At this time, since the second switch SW2 is on, the resistor Rs is short-circuited, and the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 becomes only Rd and becomes small. For this reason, the time constant becomes small, and the discharge of the CO sensor 1 can be terminated quickly. The current / voltage conversion circuit 40 converts the current flowing through the input resistor Rd into a voltage signal and outputs it to the microcomputer 10. The microcomputer 10 performs self-diagnosis based on the voltage signal output from the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 when the CO sensor 1 is charged and discharged.

  Next, voltage signals output from the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 during charging and discharging of the CO sensor 1 at normal time will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 3A, most of the charging current from the current source 33 flows to the CO sensor 1 immediately after the first switch SW1 is turned on and charging is started. Thereafter, the current flowing through the CO sensor 1 decreases transiently toward 0 with a time constant corresponding to the capacity of the CO sensor 1. The current flowing through the input resistor Rd of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 is 0 immediately after the start of charging, contrary to the current flowing through the CO sensor 1 as shown in FIG. Increase.

  Next, when the first switch SW1 is turned off to stop charging, and the second switch SW2 is turned on to start discharging, the CO sensor 1 has a direction opposite to that during charging, as shown in FIG. Discharge current flows, and thereafter, transiently decreases to 0 with a time constant corresponding to the capacitance of the CO sensor 1 and the input resistance Rd. As shown in FIG. 3B, the current flowing through the input resistor Rd of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 flows in the same direction as during charging, and thereafter decreases transiently toward zero. The current / voltage conversion circuit 40 outputs a reference voltage of 2.6V to 2.7V when the current flowing through the input resistor Rd, that is, the current flowing through the current / voltage conversion circuit 0 is 0, and the current flowing through the input resistor Rd. A voltage signal that decreases as the value increases is output. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3 (C), the voltage signal gradually decreases from 2.6V to 2.7V in response to the start of charging, and when switching from charging to discharging, it rapidly decreases to around 0.2V in about 25 ms. After that, the waveform increases and returns to 2.6V to 2.7V again.

  Next, voltage signals output from the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 during charging and discharging of the CO sensor 1 at the time of a short circuit failure will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when the CO sensor 1 is short-circuited, the current from the current source 33 flows only to the shorted CO sensor 1 and hardly flows to the current / voltage conversion circuit 40. Since no electric charge is accumulated in the CO sensor 1 at the time of a short circuit failure, no current flows through the CO sensor 1 and the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 even if the first switch SW1 is turned on to start discharging. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4C, the voltage signal has a waveform that keeps the vicinity of the reference voltage of 2.6 V to 2.7 V during charging and discharging.

  Next, a voltage signal output from the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 when the CO sensor 1 is charged and discharged when a disconnection or waterless failure occurs will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of a disconnection or waterless failure, both have no capacitor component of the CO sensor 1 and are in an open state. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the first switch SW1 is turned on to start charging. Even so, the current from the current source 33 does not flow to the CO sensor 1 but all flows to the current / voltage conversion circuit 40.

  In the case of the disconnection failure or the failure without water, the electric charge does not accumulate in the CO sensor 1, so that current flows through the CO sensor 1 and the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 even if the first switch SW2 is turned on and the discharge is started. Absent. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5C, the voltage signal is constant at a voltage lower than the reference voltage of 2.6 V to 2.7 V during charging, and 2.6 V to 2.7 V when switching from charging to discharging. The waveform returns to the reference voltage.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the microcomputer 10 performs self-diagnosis by paying attention to the fact that the voltage signal output from the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 is different during normal operation, short circuit, disconnection, or no water. . Specifically, the microcomputer 10 determines that it is normal if the following conditions (1) and (2) are satisfied.

  (1) The voltage signal is 0.2 V or less 25 ms after the start of discharge, and a discharge current flows through the CO sensor 1 after the start of discharge. (2) The voltage signal is 2.3 V to 2.8 V near the reference voltage 10 s after the start of discharge, and the discharge current flowing through the CO sensor 1 becomes 0 after a sufficient time has elapsed from the start of discharge. On the other hand, the microcomputer 10 determines that a failure has occurred unless one of the conditions (1) and (2) is satisfied.

  When the microcomputer 10 detects a failure from the voltage signal at the time of discharging, the microcomputer 10 determines the reason for the failure from the voltage signal at the time of charging. In determining the reason for the failure, the microcomputer 10 determines that the voltage signal immediately before the end of charging is 2.3 V to 2.8 V (= first predetermined range) near the reference voltage, and the current flowing through the input resistor Rd of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40. Is judged as a short-circuit fault. Further, the microcomputer 10 determines that the disconnection or water-free failure occurs when the voltage signal immediately before the end of charging is 0.2 V to 2.3 V (= second predetermined range) and the charging current flowing through the CO sensor 1 can be regarded as 0. To do. Even if the CO sensor 1 fails, as long as the self-diagnosis circuit 30 and the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 operate normally, the voltage signals are 2.3 V to 2.8 V, 0.2 V to 2 It is impossible to get out of the 3V range. Therefore, the microcomputer 10 determines that a circuit failure has occurred unless the voltage signal immediately before the end of charging is either 2.3 V to 2.8 V or 0.2 V to 2.3 V.

  Details of the operation of the gas alarm device during the self-diagnosis described above will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. The CPU 10a performs a self-diagnosis process every hour, for example. In the self-diagnosis process, the CPU 10a turns on the first switch SW1, turns off the second switch SW2, and charges the CO sensor 1 (step S1).

  When 5 seconds have elapsed after the start of charging (Y in step S2), the CPU 10a captures the voltage signal at that time as a voltage signal immediately before the end of charging (step S3), and then turns off the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2. Is turned on to start discharging the CO sensor 1 (step S4). Next, the CPU 10a turns off the second switch SW2 (step S6) after 25 ms has elapsed from the start of discharge and after taking in a voltage signal after 10 seconds (step S5).

  If the voltage signal 25 ms after the start of discharge is 0.2 V or less and the voltage signal 10 seconds after the start of discharge is 2.3 V to 2.8 V (Y in step S7, And after determining with it being normal (step S8 Y), a self-diagnosis process is complete | finished.

  On the other hand, in the CPU 10a, the voltage signal 25 ms after the start of discharge is greater than 0.2V (N in step S7), or the voltage signal 10 seconds after the start of discharge is 2.3V-2. If it is not .8V (N in step S8), it is determined that there is a failure (step S10). Then, if the voltage signal immediately before the end of charging taken in step S3 is in the range of 2.3V to 2.8V (Y in step S11), the CPU 10a determines that a short-circuit fault has occurred (step S12), and then performs self-diagnosis. The process ends.

  On the other hand, if the voltage signal immediately before the end of the discharge taken in step S3 is within the range of 0.2 V to 2.3 V (Y in step S13), the CPU 10a determines that a disconnection or a waterless failure (step S14). The self-diagnosis process is terminated. Further, the CPU 10a determines that a circuit failure has occurred if the voltage signal immediately before the end of charging taken in step S3 is neither in the range of 2.3V to 2.8V nor in the range of 0.2V to 2.3V (N in step S13). (Step S15, the self-diagnosis process is terminated).

  As is apparent from the above operation, the CPU 10a functions as first switch control means and second switch control means in steps S1 and S4. The CPU 10a functions as a self-diagnosis unit in steps S7 to S15.

  According to the gas alarm device described above, the CPU 10a turns off the second switch SW2 while the CO sensor 1 is being charged, and turns on the second switch SW2 while the CO sensor 1 is being discharged. 1 is charged between the CO sensor 1 and the current / voltage conversion circuit 40, and the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 increases, so that the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 is almost charged. The CO sensor 1 can be efficiently charged without current flowing. Further, during the discharge of the CO sensor 1, the resistor Rs is short-circuited by the second switch SW2, and the input resistance of the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 is reduced, so that the discharge time can be shortened. The self-diagnosis can be quickly performed based on the voltage signal.

  Note that, according to the above-described embodiment, the failure of the CO sensor 1 is detected based on the voltage signal 25 ms after the start of the discharge of the CO sensor 1 and 10 seconds later and the voltage signal immediately before the end of charging of the CO sensor 1. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The method for detecting the failure of the CO sensor 1 based on the voltage signal from the start of discharge of the CO sensor 1 is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the voltage signal from the start of charging of the CO sensor 1 is sampled, and the failure of the CO sensor 1 is detected by comparing with the waveform of the voltage signal at the time of predetermined normality, short circuit failure, disconnection, waterless failure May be. That is, it may be based on the voltage signal from the current / voltage conversion circuit 40 at the time of discharging and charging the CO sensor 1.

  In the embodiment described above, the electrochemical CO sensor 1 includes the metal can 2, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if the CO sensor 1 can be disposed in a place where a certain amount of water vapor is generated, such as in the exhaust pipe of a water heater, the target gas can be detected without the metal can 2. Even when the metal can 2 is not present, failure such as disconnection or short circuit can be performed as in the above-described embodiment.

  Moreover, although embodiment mentioned above demonstrated the example which applied the alarm device of this invention to the gas alarm device which detects CO density | concentration, this invention is not limited to this. For example, the alarm device of the present invention may be applied to a fire alarm device that detects a fire with smoke + CO concentration.

  Further, the above-described embodiments are merely representative forms of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. That is, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

It is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of a gas alarm as an alarm according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an equivalent circuit schematic of the gas alarm device shown in FIG. (A) to (C) are time charts of the current flowing through the CO sensor, the current flowing through the current / voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage signal from the current / voltage conversion circuit in a normal state. (A) to (C) are time charts of the current flowing through the CO sensor, the current flowing through the current / voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage signal from the current / voltage conversion circuit when a short circuit failure occurs. (A) to (C) are time charts of the current flowing through the CO sensor, the current flowing through the current / voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage signal from the current / voltage conversion circuit when a disconnection or waterless failure occurs. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence in the self-diagnosis process of CPU shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the electrochemical CO sensor which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 CO sensor (gas sensor)
2 Metal can (water container)
10a CPU (first switch control means, second switch control means, self-diagnosis means)
33 Current source (power supply)
40 Current / Voltage Conversion Circuit Rs Resistance SW1 First Switch SW2 Second Switch

Claims (1)

An electrochemical gas sensor in which a current corresponding to the concentration of the target gas flows by reaction of water vapor from a water container containing water or water vapor in the atmosphere with the target gas, and current / voltage conversion for converting the current flowing in the gas sensor into a voltage A circuit, a power source for supplying a charging current to the gas sensor to charge the gas sensor, a first switch provided between the power source and the gas sensor to switch charging and discharging of the gas sensor, and the first switch A first switch control means for turning off the first switch after charging the gas sensor to discharge the gas sensor; and the current / voltage conversion circuit during discharging and charging of the gas sensor by the first switch control means. Self-diagnosis means for detecting a failure of the gas sensor based on the output voltage from the alarm device Stomach,
A resistor provided between the gas sensor and the current input terminal of the current / voltage conversion circuit;
A second switch connected in parallel to the resistor;
And a second switch control means for turning off the second switch during charging of the gas sensor and turning on the second switch during discharging of the gas sensor. .

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