JP4809061B2 - 心筋細胞の増殖方法 - Google Patents
心筋細胞の増殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)(a)サイクリン、(b)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ、並びに(c)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生、機能又は働きを阻害する因子をコードする遺伝子及びCip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸からなる群から選択される1つ又はその複数を、心筋細胞に導入後、当該細胞を培養又は保持することを特徴とする心筋細胞の増殖方法。
(2)(a)サイクリン、(b)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ、並びに(c)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生、機能又は働きを阻害する因子をコードする遺伝子及びCip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸からなる群から選択される1つ又はその複数を、生体外で心筋細胞に導入後、当該細胞を培養することを特徴とする心筋細胞の増殖方法。
(3)(a)サイクリン、(b)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ並びに(c)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生、機能又は働きを阻害する因子をコードする遺伝子及びCip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸からなる群から選択される1つ又はその複数を、生体内の心筋細胞に導入後、当該細胞を保持することを特徴とする心筋細胞の増殖方法。
(4)サイクリンが、哺乳類のCDK4又はCDK6を活性化し得るサイクリンである上記(1)乃至(3)記載の方法。
(5)サイクリンが、哺乳類のサイクリンDである上記(4)記載の方法。
(6)サイクリン依存性キナーゼが、サイクリンDにより活性化されるサイクリン依存性キナーゼである上記(1)乃至(5)記載の方法。
(7)サイクリン依存性キナーゼが、CDK4又はCDK6である上記(6)記載の方法。
(8)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白がp27Kip1である(1)乃至(7)記載の方法。
(9)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生、機能又は働きを阻害する因子が、Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の分解を促す作用を有する因子である上記(1)乃至(8)記載の方法。
(10)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の分解を促す作用を有する因子が、ユビキチン・リガーゼ構成因子である上記(9)記載の方法。
(11)ユビキチン・リガーゼ構成因子が、Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白に結合し得るF-ボックス因子である上記(10)記載の方法。
(12)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白に結合し得るF-ボックス因子が、Skp2である上記(11)記載の方法。
(13)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸又はその誘導体が、Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白をコードする遺伝子に特異的なsiRNA又はその誘導体である(1)乃至(12)に記載の方法。
(14)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸が、p27Kip1遺伝子に特異的なsiRNAである(13)記載の方法。
(15)ウイルスベクター又はリポソームを用いて心筋細胞に遺伝子を導入することからなる(1)乃至(14)記載の方法。
(16)サイクリン遺伝子及びサイクリン依存性キナーゼ遺伝子の少なくとも一方に核移行シグナルをコードする塩基配列を付加することからなる上記(1)乃至(15)の何れかに記載の方法。
(17)(a)サイクリン遺伝子、(b)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ遺伝子、並びに(c)Cip/Kip蛋白の作用を阻害する因子をコードする遺伝子及びCip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸配列からなる群から選択される1つ又は複数、を含有するベクター。
(18)サイクリンが、哺乳類のCDK4又はCDK6を活性化し得るサイクリンである上記(17)記載のベクター。
(19)サイクリンが、哺乳類のサイクリンDである上記(18)記載のベクター。
(20)サイクリン依存性キナーゼが、サイクリンDにより活性化されるサイクリン依存性キナーゼである上記(17)乃至(19)の何れか記載のベクター。
(21)サイクリン依存性キナーゼが、CDK4又はCDK6である上記(20)記載のベクター。
(22)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の作用を阻害する因子が、Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の分解を促す作用を有する因子である上記(17)乃至(21)の何れか記載のベクター。
(23)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の分解を促す作用を有する因子が、ユビキチン・リガーゼ構成因子である上記(22)記載のベクター。
(24)ユビキチン・リガーゼ構成因子が、Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白に結合し得るF-ボックス因子である上記(23)記載のベクター。
(25)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白に結合し得るF-ボックス因子が、Skp2である上記(24)のベクター。
(26)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸が、Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白をコードする遺伝子に特異的なsiRNAである(17)乃至(25)の何れか記載のベクター。
(27)Cip/Kipファミリー蛋白の産生を阻害する核酸が、p27kip1遺伝子に対する特異的なsiRNAである(26)記載のベクター。
(28)サイクリン遺伝子及びサイクリン依存性キナーゼ遺伝子の少なくとも一方に核移行シグナルをコードする塩基配列を付加することからなる上記(17)乃至(27)の何れかに記載のベクター。
(29)上記(17)乃至(28)の何れかに記載のベクターを含有する心臓疾患治療用医薬組成物。
(30)心臓疾患が、心筋梗塞、虚血性心疾患、うっ血性心不全、肥大型心筋症、拡張型心筋症、心筋炎又は慢性心不全である請求項29記載の医薬組成物。
(31)上記(1)乃至(16)の何れかの方法により得られた心筋細胞。
(32)心臓疾患を有する個体の治療方法であって、上記(29)記載の医薬組成物又は上記(31)記載の心筋細胞を、障害部位に注入又は移植することにより、当該部位において心筋細胞を保持して増殖させることを特徴とする心臓疾患の治療方法。
(33)心臓疾患が、心筋梗塞、虚血性心疾患、うっ血性心不全、肥大型心筋症、拡張型心筋症、心筋炎又は慢性心不全である上記(32)記載の治療方法。
−:FBSや薬剤を添加せず、又は各種の組換えアデノウイルスを感染させなかったことを示す。
p27:p27Kip1蛋白質を示す。
本発明に係る方法を用いて増殖させる対象とする心筋細胞は、胎児型心筋細胞、幼体型心筋細胞、並びに成体型心筋細胞のすべての発生段階の細胞を含み、以下に記載する少なくとも1つ、好ましくは複数の方法により、少なくとも1つ、好ましくは複数のマーカーや基準が確認できる細胞と定義される。
本発明の実施態様の1つは、サイクリン及びCDKを心筋細胞に導入及び発現させること、並びにCip/Kip蛋白の産生や機能、働きを阻害することを特徴とする心筋細胞の増殖法である。心筋細胞としては、上記の通り、生体心組織から酵素処理等の種々の方法により分離した心筋細胞、又はそれを適当な培養条件下で1〜5日間程度培養した初代培養細胞、及び各種幹細胞から分化誘導した心筋細胞を用いることができるが、哺乳動物の心臓組織内に存在する心筋細胞に直接、後述する種々の方法による処理を施し、当該細胞を生体内で保持することによっても増殖させることができる。ここで、本発明において「保持する」とは、適度な体温や必要量の血流等の生理的な体内環境において、当該細胞を生理的な機能を損なうことなく生存させ、細胞を維持することを意味する。
本発明の別の態様として、本発明の実施に用いる遺伝子ベクター、好ましくはウイルスベクター、更に好ましくはアデノウイルスベクター又はHVJベクター、AAVベクター、レンチウイルスベクター等を含む、遺伝子治療用医薬組成物が提供される。この遺伝子治療用医薬組成物は、心筋再生薬又は心臓疾患治療薬として用いることができ、対象となる心臓疾患としては、心筋細胞の衰弱、機能停止又は死滅を伴うものであれば特にこれを限定しないが、具体例としては心筋梗塞、虚血性心疾患、うっ血性心不全、肥大型心筋症、拡張型心筋症、心筋炎、慢性心不全等を挙げることができる。
本発明に係る方法により増殖させた心筋細胞は、引き続き、公知の方法による細胞回収、分離、精製法を用いることにより、高純度の心筋細胞を効率的かつ多量に得ることができる。この様にして得られた心筋細胞を以下、本発明により調製された心筋細胞と呼ぶ。
CDK4遺伝子、核移行シグナル(NLS)をコードする塩基配列を付加したサイクリンD1(D1NLS)遺伝子、又はSkp2遺伝子を含むアデノウイルスベクターは、組み換えアデノウイルス作製キット(Adenovirus Expression Vector Kit;タカラバイオ)を用いて作製した。
3'-プライマー:5'-TGATCTCGAGGTCGATGTCCACATCTCGCACGT-3'(配列番号3)
3'-プライマー:5'-ATACTCGAGTCATAGACAACTGGGCTTTTGCAG-3'(配列番号6)
生後2〜4日目のラット(Sprague-Dawley系)から心筋細胞を分離し、パーコール濃度勾配遠心分離によって心筋細胞画分を回収した(Tamamoriら、Am. J. Physiol. 275:H2036, 1998)。このようにして得られた細胞の95%以上は、抗サルコメア・アクチン抗体を用いた免疫染色によって心筋細胞であることを確認した。この新生仔ラット心筋細胞は、5%牛胎児血清(FBS;Flow Laboratories)を添加したイーグル最小培地(Flow Laboratories)に懸濁後に培養用ディッシュに播種し、炭酸ガスインキュベータ中、37℃で24時間培養した。次の日、培養液を無血清のイーグル最小培地に交換し、更に24時間培養した後、実施例1で調製した組み換えウイルスAd-D1NLS (moi = 10〜100)及びAd-CDK4(moi = 100)を培地に添加し、48時間培養した。以下、組み換えウイルスAd-D1NLS及びAd-CDK4を心筋細胞に感染・導入(トランスフェクション)し、心筋細胞の核内にサイクリンD1蛋白およびCDK4蛋白を発現させることを、D1NLS+CDK4刺激、又はD1NLS+CDK4処理と呼ぶことがある。対照として、ラット線維芽細胞株であるREF52細胞を用いて同様の実験を行った。
一般的な増殖性の細胞において、p27Kip1蛋白はF-box蛋白であるSkp2を含むユビキチンリガーゼ、SCFSkp2複合体によりユビキチン化され、プロテアソーム分解されることが知られている(Carranoら、Nature Cell Biol. 1:193, 1999;Tsvetkovら、Curr. Biol. 9:661, 1999)。そこで、心筋細胞におけるSkp2蛋白の発現をウエスタンブロット法により検討した。心筋細胞の調製、Ad-D1NLS及びAd-CDK4のトランスフェクション法、核蛋白質の調製、ウエスタンブロット解析等は、上述の方法と同じであるが、Skp2蛋白の検出のため、上述の抗Skp2抗体を用いた。
心筋細胞にAd-D1NLS 、Ad-CDK4、並びにAd-Skp2(それぞれmoi = 100)をトランスフェクションし、その後の細胞数を経時的に測定することにより、Skp2遺伝子導入が心筋細胞の増殖能に及ぼす影響を検討した。既報告(前掲の特許文献1及び非特許文献5参照)の結果と同様、D1NLS及びCDK4遺伝子を発現させた心筋細胞は、培養7日後にはその細胞数が約3倍に増加した(図8)。これに対し、D1NLS、CDK4、Skp2の三者を発現させた心筋細胞では、細胞数が5倍以上に増えることが確認できた。一方、陰性対照としてベクターのみのアデノウイルスを感染させた心筋細胞、並びにAd-Skp2のみを感染させた心筋細胞ではほとんど細胞数の増加は認められなかった。以上の結果から、Skp2はD1NLS+CDK4刺激により促進された心筋細胞の増殖能を、更に有意に促進し得ることが明らかとなった。
D1NLS+CDK4処理した心筋細胞におけるp27Kip1蛋白の影響をより明らかにするため、心筋細胞内でp27Kip1遺伝子に対する特異的なsiRNA(以下、「p27 siRNA」という。)を発現させ、その効果を検討した。
障害心組織において、D1NLS+CDK4十Skp2遺伝子の強制発現による心筋細胞増殖効果が治療効果を呈することを確認するため、ラット心筋虚血再灌流モデルを用いた検討を行った。当該モデルの作製はDairakuらの方法(Circ.J.66:411、2002)に基づいて行った。Wistar系雄ラット(8週齢)をペントバルビタール・ナトリウム(ネンブタール:大日本製薬)を腹腔内投与(55 mg/kg)して麻酔した後、人工呼吸下で開胸し、心臓を露出させた。続いて、左冠動脈を5−0号針付縫合糸により結紮し、30分間放置した後に結紮を解除し、血流を再開(再灌流)した。偽手術群(以下、Sham群)として、冠動脈に糸を通すのみの処置動物を対照として用いた。
左室内径短縮率(FS)=(拡張末期径-収縮末期径)/拡張末期径×100(%)。
左室腔内面積変化率(FAC)=(拡張末期面積-収縮末期面積)/拡張末期面積×100](%)。
結果を表1に示す。
梗塞領域=[(内膜瘢痕化長+外膜瘢痕化長)/(内膜全周長+外膜全周長)]×100(%)
Claims (16)
- (1)サイクリンD1遺伝子、
(2)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ4遺伝子、並びに
(3)Skp2をコードする遺伝子及びp27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸からなる群から選択される1つ又はその複数を含有し、前記サイクリン遺伝子及び前記サイクリン依存性キナーゼ遺伝子の少なくとも一方には核移行シグナルをコードする塩基配列が付加されることを特徴とする医薬組成物。 - (1)サイクリンD1遺伝子、
(2)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ4遺伝子、並びに
(3)Skp2をコードする遺伝子及びp27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸からなる群から選択される1つ又はその複数を、生体外で心筋細胞に導入後、当該細胞を培養し、前記サイクリン遺伝子及び前記サイクリン依存性キナーゼ遺伝子の少なくとも一方には核移行シグナルをコードする塩基配列を付加することを特徴とする心筋細胞の増殖方法。 - (1)サイクリンD1遺伝子、
(2)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ4遺伝子、並びに
(3)Skp2をコードする遺伝子及びp27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸からなる群から選択される1つ又はその複数の、心臓疾患治療用医薬組成物の製造のための使用;
但し、前記サイクリン遺伝子及び前記サイクリン依存性キナーゼ遺伝子の少なくとも一方には核移行シグナルをコードする塩基配列が付加される。 - p27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸が、p27Kip1遺伝子に特異的なsiRNAである請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- ウイルスベクター又はリポソームを用いて心筋細胞に遺伝子を導入することからなる請求項1又は4記載の医薬組成物。
- p27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸が、p27Kip1遺伝子に特異的なsiRNAである請求項2記載の方法。
- ウイルスベクター又はリポソームを用いて心筋細胞に遺伝子を導入することからなる請求項2又は6記載の方法。
- p27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸が、p27Kip1遺伝子に特異的なsiRNAである請求項3記載の使用。
- ウイルスベクター又はリポソームを用いて心筋細胞に遺伝子を導入することからなる請求項3又は8記載の使用。
- (1)サイクリンD1遺伝子、
(2)サイクリン依存性キナーゼ4遺伝子、並びに
(3)Skp2をコードする遺伝子及びp27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸配列からなる群から選択される1つ又はその複数、
を含有し、前記サイクリン遺伝子及び前記サイクリン依存性キナーゼ遺伝子の少なくとも一方には核移行シグナルをコードする塩基配列が付加されるベクター。 - p27 Kip1 の産生を阻害する核酸が、p27kip1遺伝子に対する特異的なsiRNAである請求項10記載のベクター。
- 請求項10又は11記載のベクターを含有する心臓疾患治療用医薬組成物。
- 心臓疾患が、心筋梗塞、虚血性心疾患、うっ血性心不全、肥大型心筋症、拡張型心筋症、心筋炎又は慢性心不全である請求項12記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項2、6又は7記載の方法により得られた心筋細胞。
- 請求項10又は11記載のベクター又は請求項14記載の心筋細胞の、心臓疾患治療用医薬組成物の製造のための使用。
- 心臓疾患が、心筋梗塞、虚血性心疾患、うっ血性心不全、肥大型心筋症、拡張型心筋症、心筋炎又は慢性心不全である請求項15記載の使用。
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