JP4791361B2 - ニトリル官能基が組み込まれているイミダゾリウム塩に基づくイオン性液体 - Google Patents
ニトリル官能基が組み込まれているイミダゾリウム塩に基づくイオン性液体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4791361B2 JP4791361B2 JP2006524325A JP2006524325A JP4791361B2 JP 4791361 B2 JP4791361 B2 JP 4791361B2 JP 2006524325 A JP2006524325 A JP 2006524325A JP 2006524325 A JP2006524325 A JP 2006524325A JP 4791361 B2 JP4791361 B2 JP 4791361B2
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title description 63
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 101100167062 Caenorhabditis elegans chch-3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical group C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 2
- 101100062772 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) dcl-2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004434 industrial solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 155
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 53
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 51
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- 238000000119 electrospray ionisation mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 28
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N acetone d6 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- -1 carborane Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical group NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical group NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910020808 NaBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-trimethylsilylimidazole Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1 YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SJNALLRHIVGIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl cyanide Chemical compound C=CCC#N SJNALLRHIVGIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N as-o-xylenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006197 hydroboration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021381 transition metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilane Chemical compound CC[SiH](CC)CC AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLXCHZCQTCBUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-enylimidazole Chemical compound C=CCN1C=CN=C1 XLXCHZCQTCBUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical group C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQAHQUBHRBQWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 QQAHQUBHRBQWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVCOYNIAEHYPCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)butanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C#N)N1C=C[N+](C)=C1 DVCOYNIAEHYPCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNHMRTZZNHZDDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropionitrile Chemical compound ClCCC#N GNHMRTZZNHZDDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical group OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical group C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical group C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical group C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004639 Schlenk technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003622 immobilized catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005040 ion trap Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000816 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004452 microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011829 room temperature ionic liquid solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004454 trace mineral analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- UTODFRQBVUVYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-P wilkinson's catalyst Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)[Rh+](P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UTODFRQBVUVYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011995 wilkinson's catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/61—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/022—Boron compounds without C-boron linkages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
- B01J31/0218—Sulfides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0281—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
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Description
本発明は、新規のイオン性液体に関する。前記イオン性液体を、医薬などの化合物の二相または多相合成のために触媒を固定化するための溶媒として用いることができる。
イオン性液体は、水の沸点より低い融解温度を有する塩である。工業利用における溶媒として有用なイオン性液体はまた、室温で液体である。
1.多くの異なる陽イオンと陰イオンの組合せに基づく新しいイオン性液体の開発。
2.ランタニド種およびアクチニド種ならびに遷移金属触媒のための固定化媒体としてのイオン性液体の利用。
一般式
K+A−
[式中、K+は、1−3個のヘテロ原子(それは、独立してN、SまたはOであり得る)を有する5員または6員のヘテロ環であり;
ただし、ヘテロ原子のうち少なくとも1個は、−R’CN置換基〔ここで、R’は、アルキル(C1からC12)である〕を有する四級窒素原子でなければならず;
(i)H;
(ii)ハロゲンまたは、
(iii)非置換かまたは一部あるいは全部をさらなる基、好ましくはF、Cl、N(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2、O(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)、SO2(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2またはCnF(2n+1−x)Hx(ここで、1<n<6および0<x<13である)により置換されるアルキル(C1からC12);および
(iv)非置換かまたは一部あるいは全部をさらなる基、好ましくはF、Cl、N(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2、O(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)、SO2(CnF(2n+1−x)Hx)2またはCnF(2n+1−x)Hx(ここで、1<n<6および0<x<13である)により置換されるフェニル環;
から独立して選択される4または5個までの置換基を有し、そして
A−は、約100℃以下の低い融点で塩を提供する全ての陰イオンである。最も好ましくは、A−は、例えば塩化物、臭化物、フッ化物などのハロゲン化物;BF4 −、PF6 −、NO3 −、CH3CO2 −、CF3SO3 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(CF3SO2)3C−、CF3CO2 −またはN(CN)2 −である]
で示される新規の化合物を提供する。
K+A−塩を作製する合成経路は、適当なアルキル置換ヘテロ環式化合物を出発物質として用い、その後、それを適当なクロロアルキルニトリルと反応させる。反応物を、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトニトリル、およびジエチルエーテルなどのヘテロ環化学の通常の溶媒系のいずれかであり得る溶媒中に、およそ当モル量で用いる。反応を、約200℃までの周囲温度で行う。
これらのイオン性液体は、触媒として用いるランタニドおよびアクチニド種および遷移金属塩化物、ならびに他の金属塩または化合物と反応し、例えば、PdCl2、PtCl2、RuCl3、RhCl3、および[Ru(アレーン)Cl2]2との複合体を形成し得る。塩なる用語には塩化物のみでなく、他の塩も含まれ、それらは当業者に公知でありかつ用いられる。触媒として用いる金属含有分子化合物、例えば、ウィルキンソン触媒およびグラブ触媒などもまた用いることができる。
1.イオン性液体が、多相触媒における有機合成のための媒体として使用するときリガンドおよび溶媒の両方として作用し、故に、他のリガンドが必要ないこと
2.触媒が、イオン性液体に強く固定化され、触媒の損失がなく(または最小限の損失で)容易に再利用され得ること
である。
以下の実施例は、これらのイオン性液体の合成および触媒反応における適用を説明するためのものである。
1−メチルイミダゾール(8.21g、0.10mol)およびClCH2CN(9.06g、0.12mol)の混合物を、室温で24時間撹拌し、その間に、反応混合物は固体となる。その固体をジエチルエーテル(3×30ml)で洗浄し、真空下で24時間乾燥する。収量:14.5g、92%;融点170。X線回折に好適な結晶を、室温で、エチルエーテルを化合物のアセトニトリル溶液へゆっくりと拡散させることにより得る。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:122[CCNmim]、陰イオン:35[Cl]。1H NMR(D2O):δ=9.06(s, 1H), 7.72(s, 1H), 7.61(s, 1H), 4.65(s, 2H), 3.96(s, 3H). 13C NMR(D2O):δ=140.40, 127.65, 125.52, 117.02, 74.82, 39.54. IR(cm−1):3177, 3126, 3033(νC−H 芳香族), 2979, 2909, 2838, 2771(νC−H 脂肪族), 2261(νC≡N), 1769(νC=N)。C6H8ClN3の分析計算値(%):C 45.73, H 5.12, N 22.66; 実測値:C 45.86, H 5.26, N 22.58。
1a(4.73g、0.03mol)の水溶液(50ml)に、HPF6(8.03g、60wt%、0.033mol)を室温で加える。10分後、形成した固体をろ過により集め、氷水で洗浄し(3×15ml)、その後、真空下で乾燥する。収量:5.61g、70%;融点78℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:122[CCNmim]、陰イオン:145[PF6]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=8.59(s, 1H), 7.53(s, 1H), 7.44(s, 1H), 5.41(s, 2H), 3.86(s, 3H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=139.9, 127.6, 125.5, 120.5, 40.0, 39.3. 31P NMR(CD3CN):−145.25(hept). IR(cm−1):3180, 3133, 3027(νC−H 芳香族性), 2983, 2938(νC−H 脂肪族), 2274(νC≡N), 1602(νC=N)。C6H8N3F6Pの分析計算値(%):C 26.98, H 3.02, N 15.73; 実測値:C 27.02, H 3.09, N 15.66。
アセトン(80ml)中、1a(4.73g、0.03mol)およびNaBF4(3.62g、0.033mol)の混合物を、室温で48時間撹拌する。ろ過および溶媒の除去後、得られた淡黄色のろう状固体を、テトラヒドロフランおよびジエチルエーテルで洗浄し、生成物を得る。収量:5.76g、92%;融点35℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:122[CCNmim]、陰イオン:87[BF4]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=8.67(s, 1H), 7.56(s, 1H), 7.47(s, 1H), 5.26(s, 2H), 3.87(s, 3H). 13C NMR(CDCl3):δ=140.35, 127.57, 125.46, 116.76, 39.79, 39.21. IR(cm−1):3171, 3124, 3015(νC−H 芳香族性), 2977, 2845(νC−H 脂肪族), 2253(νC≡N), 1588(νC=N)。C6H8BF4N3の分析計算値(%):C 34.48, H 3.86, N 20.11; 実測値:C 34.52, H 3.82, N 20.26。
1−メチルイミダゾール(8.21g、0.10mmol)およびCl(CH2)2CN(10.74g、0.12mol)の混合物を、24時間70℃でトルエン(20ml)中にて撹拌する。得られた白色固体をジエチルエーテルで洗浄する(5×30ml)。その後、生成物を24時間真空下で乾燥する。収量:15.5g、82%;融点50℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:136[C2CNmim]、陰イオン:35[Cl]。1H NMR(D2O):δ=8.73(s, 1H), 7.48(s, 1H), 7.46(s, 1H), 4.64(t, J(H, H)=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.94(s, 3H), 3.03(t, J(H, H)=6.8 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR(D2O):δ=139.58, 138.05, 126.16, 122.53, 47.86, 42.12, 38.83. IR(cm−1):3244(νC−H 芳香族性), 2916, 2788, 2700(νC−H 脂肪族), 2250(νC≡N), 1720(νC=N)。C7H10ClN3の分析計算値(%):C 48.99, H 5.87, N 24.48; 実測値:C 50.02, H 5.75, N 24.71。
2a(5.15g、0.03mol)およびHPF6(8.03g、60wt%、0.033mol)を用いること以外は、上記1bに記載のとおりに同様の方法で行い、生成物を白色固体として得る。収量:6.83g、81%;融点35℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:136[C2CNmim]、陰イオン:145[PF6]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=8.64(s, 1H) 7.50(s, 1H), 7.43(s, 1H), 4.46(t, J(H, H)=6.49 Hz, 2H), 3.89(s, 3H), 3.03(t, J(H, H)=6.49 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=139.36, 127.13, 125.34, 120.49, 47.87, 39.01, 21.92. 31P NMR(CD3CN):−142.90(hept). IR(cm−1):3168, 3126, 3101(νC−H 芳香族性), 2964(νC−H 脂肪族), 2255(νC≡N), 1704(νC=N)。C7H10F6N3Pの分析計算値(%):C 29.90, H 3.58, N 14.95; 実測値:C 29.95, H 3.62, N 14.88。
1aの代わりに2a(5.15g、0.03mol)を用いること以外は、上記1cに記載のとおりに同様の方法で行う。生成物を、室温で淡黄色の液体として得る。収量:5.69g、85%;融点20℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:136[C2CNmim]、陰イオン:87[BF4]。1H NMR(CD3CN,):δ=8.56(s, 1H), 7.41(s, 1H), 7.37(s, 1H), 4.48(brs, 2H), 3.88(s, 3H), 3.05(brs, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=138.33, 126.22, 122.56, 121.04, 47.81, 38.54, 21.81. IR(cm−1):3165 and 3124(νC−H 芳香族性), 2955 and 2855(νC−H 脂肪族), 2251(νC≡N), 1736(νC=N)。C7H10N3BF4の分析計算値(%):C 37.70, H 4.52, N 18.84; 実測値:C 37.52, H 4.65, N 19.05。
1−メチルイミダゾール(8.21g、0.10mmol)およびCl(CH2)3CN(12.43g、0.12mol)の混合物を、80℃で24時間撹拌する。得られた白色固体を、ジエチルエーテル(3×30ml)で洗浄する。生成物を24時間真空で乾燥する。収量:17.6g、95%;融点80℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:150[C3CNmim]、陰イオン:35[Cl]。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=8.73(s, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H), 7.39(s, 1H), 4.27(t, J(H, H)=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.82(s, 3H), 2.50(t, J(H, H)=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.20(t, J(H, H)=6.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR(CDCl3):δ=134.11, 130.49, 120.01, 116.19, 44.01, 30.87, 21.21, 9.87. IR(cm−1):3373, 3244, 3055(νC−H 芳香族性), 3029, 2974, 2949, 2927(νC−H 脂肪族), 2243(νC≡N), 1692(νC=N)。C8H12ClN3の分析計算値(%):C, 51.76, H, 6.51, N, 22.63; 実測値:C 51.72, H 6.55, N 22.71。
1aの代わりに3a(5.57g、0.03mol)を用いること以外は、上記1bに記載のとおりに同様の方法で行う。生成物を白色固体として得る。収量:6.90g、78%;融点75℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:150[C3CNmim]、陰イオン:145[PF6]。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=8.63(s, 1H), 7.59(s, 1H), 7.55(s, 1H), 4.42(t, J(H, H)=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.03(s, 3H), 2.66(t, J(H, H)=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.33(m, 2H). 13C NMR(CDCl3):δ=135.50, 131.80, 120.10, 116.50, 44.25, 33.30, 22.50, 9.98. 31P NMR(CDCl3):−145.90(hept). IR(cm−1):3171, 3158, 3128(νC−H 芳香族性), 2980, 2807(νC−H 脂肪族), 2246(νC≡N), 1696((νC=N)。C8H12F6N3Pの分析計算値(%):C 32.55, H 4.10, N 14.24; 実測値:C 32.59, H 4.11, N 14.30。
1aの代わりに3a(5.57g、0.03mol)を用いること以外は、上記1cに記載のとおりに同様の方法で行う。収量:6.4g、90%;融点−71.9℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:150[C3CNmim]、陰イオン:87[BF4]。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=9.32(s, 1H), 8.18(s, 1H), 8.14(s, 1H), 4.96(brs, 2H), 4.54(s, 3H), 3.20(brs, 2H), 2.85(brs, 2H). 13C NMR(CDCl3):δ=135.03, 131.17, 120.69, 116.71, 44.69, 33.78, 22.01, 10.15. IR(cm−1):3161, 3121(νC−H 芳香族性), 2971(νC−H 脂肪族), 2249(νC≡N), 1712(νC=N)。C8F4BH12N3の分析計算値(%):C 40.54, H 5.10, N 17.73; 実測値:C 40.58, H 5.13, N 17.69。
1−メチルイミダゾール(8.21g、0.10mmol)およびCl(CH2)4CN(14.1g、0.12mol)の混合物を、80℃で4時間撹拌する。その後、温度を110℃まで上げ、反応混合物をさらに2時間撹拌する。冷却後、反応混合物をジエチルエーテル(3×15ml)で洗浄し、真空下で24時間乾燥する。生成物を褐色がかった粘性液体として得る。収量:17.9g、90%;融点32℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:164[C4CNmim]、陰イオン:35[Cl].1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=9.99(s, 1H), 7.75(s, 1H), 7.70(s, 1H), 4.41(t, J(H, H)=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.94(s, 3H), 2.57(t, J(H, H)=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.07(m, J(H, H)=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.64(m, J(H, H)=6.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=134.22, 129.29, 127.97, 125.81, 123.18, 41.50, 34.43, 27.47, 21.77. IR(cm−1):3138, 3088, 3082(νC−H 芳香族性), 2948(νC−H 脂肪族), 2241(νC≡N), 1701((νC=N)。C9H14ClN3(%)の分析計算値:C 54.13, H 7.07, N, 21.04; 実測値:C 54.21, H 7.09, N, 21.09。
1aの代わりに4a(5.99g、0.03mol)を用いること以外は、上記1bに記載のとおりに同様の方法で行う。生成物を室温で褐色の液体として得る。収量:7.6g、82%;融点−60.3℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:164[C3CNmim]、陰イオン:145[PF6]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=8.45(s, 1H), 7.38(s, 1H), 7.35(s, 1H), 4.15(t, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 2.44(t, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H), 1.93(m, J(H, H)=7.17, 2H), 1.64(m, J(H, H)=7.17, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=138.95, 126.72, 125.16, 122.85, 120.80, 38.78, 31.61, 24.74, 18.93. 31P NMR(CDCl3):−140.80(hept). IR(cm−1):3168, 3123(νC−H 芳香族性), 2972, 2901(νC−H 脂肪族), 2250(νC≡N), 1577((νC=N)。C9F6H14N3Pの分析計算値(%):C 34.96, H 4.56, N 13.59; 実測値:C 35.05, H 4.41, N 13.64。
1aの代わりに4a(5.99g、0.03mol)を用いること以外は、上記1cに記載のとおりに同様の方法を用いて行う。生成物を室温で褐色の液体として得る。収量:6.4g、85%;融点−71.9℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:164[C3CNmim]、陰イオン:87[BF4]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=8.54(s, 1H), 7.43(s, 1H), 7.39(s, 1H), 4.17(brs, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 2.44(brs, 2H), 1.92(brs, 2H), 1.60(brs, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=139.24, 131.19, 128.02, 126.68, 123.72, 38.69, 31.64, 24.70, 18.64. IR(cm−1):3161, 3120(νC−H 芳香族性), 2955, 2876(νC−H 脂肪族), 2247(νC≡N), 1575(νC=N)。C9H14N3BF4の分析計算値(%):C 43.06, H 5.62, N 16.74; 実測値:C 43.12, H 5.53, N 16.70。
1,2−ジメチルイミダゾール(9.61g、0.10mol)およびCl(CH2)3CN(12.43g、0.12mol)の混合物を、100℃で24時間撹拌する。2相が反応の終わりに形成される。上相をデカントし、下相をジエチルエーテルで洗浄する(3×30ml)。淡黄色の固体が洗浄の間に形成され、そして生成物を室温で24時間真空下にて乾燥する。収量:18.6g、93%;融点105℃。×(CH3OH):陽イオン:164[C3CNdimim]、陰イオン:35[Cl]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=7.50(s, 1H), 7.31(s, 1H), 4.14(t, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H), 3.71(s, 3H), 2.53(s, 3H), 2.46(t, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H), 2.11(m, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=125.52, 123.70, 122.32, 120.73, 49.47, 37.66, 28.12, 16.50, 11.92. IR(cm−1):3182, 3098, 3046(νC−H 芳香族性), 2989, 2898, 2834(νC−H 脂肪族), 2240(νC≡N), 1631(νC=N)。C9H14ClN3の分析計算値(%):C 54.13, H 7.07, N 21.04; 実測値:C 54.18, H 7.17, N 20.92。
1aの代わりに5a(5.99g、0.03mol)を用いること以外は、1bに記載のとおりに同様の方法を用いて行う。生成物を白色固体として室温で得る。収量:7.33g、79%;融点85℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:164[C3CNdimim]、陰イオン:145[PF6]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=7.34(s, 1H), 7.32(s, 1H), 4.18(t, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H), 3.75(s, 3H), 2.55(s, 3H), 2.51(t, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H), 2.14(m, J(H, H)=7.17, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=144.91, 122.87, 120.99, 120.59, 46.85, 35.08, 25.02, 14.09, 9.37. 31P NMR(CD3CN):−140.80(hept). IR(cm−1):3150(νC−H 芳香族性), 2966(νC−H 脂肪族), 2249(νC≡N), 1628(νC=N)。C9F6H14N3Pの分析計算値(%):C 34.96, H 4.56, N 13.59; 実測値:C 35.02, H 4.52, N 13.61。
1aの代わりに5a(5.99g、0.03mol)を用いること以外は、上記の1cに記載のとおりに同様の方法で行う。生成物を室温で白色のろう状固体として得る。収量:6.77g、90%;融点40℃。ESI−MS(CH3OH):陽イオン:164[C3CNdimim]、陰イオン:87[BF4]。1H NMR(CD3CN):δ=7.31(s, 1H), 7.30(s, 1H), 4.15(t, J(H, H)=6.84 Hz, 2H), 3.72(s, 3H), 2.59(s, 3H), 2.47(t, J(H, H)=6.84, 2H), 2.13(m, J(H, H)=6.84, 2H). 13C NMR(CD3CN):δ=125.54, 123.70, 122.08, 120.52, 49.51, 37.71, 28.04, 16.59, 11.98. IR(cm−1) 3185, 3145(νC−H 芳香族性), 2966(νC−H 脂肪族), 2244(νC≡N), 1701((νC=N)。C9H14BF4N3の分析計算値(%):C 43.06, H 5.62, N 16.74; 実測値:C 42.85, H 5.75, N 16.68。
5.0mlのジクロロメタン中、5c(153mg、0.61mmol)および塩化パラジウム(54mg、0.305mmol)の混合物を、室温で3日間撹拌する。得られる黄色固体をろ過により抽出し、ジエチルエーテル(2×5.0ml)で洗浄し、そして真空乾燥する。収量:195mg、94%;融点:130℃;1H NMR(DMSO):δ=7.62(s, 1H), 7.61(s, 1H), 4.16(t, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz, 2H), 3.72(s, 3H), 2.57(s, 3H), 2.56(brs, 3H), 2.06(m, J(H, H)=7.17 Hz,2H); 13C NMR(DMSO):δ=148.10, 125.91, 124.20, 123.16, 49.61, 38.09, 28.39, 16.81 and 12.60;C18H28B2Cl2F8N6Pdの分析計算値(%):C 31.82, H 4.15, N 12.37; 実測値:C 31.75, H 4.10, N 12.34; IR(cm−1):3152および3120(νC−H 芳香族性), 2988, 2973および2901(νC−H 脂肪族), 2325(νC≡N), 1692(νC=N)。
ジクロロメタン(2ml)中、PdCl2(177mg、1.0mmol)および3a(377mg、2.00mmol)の反応混合物を、室温で4日間攪拌する。得られる橙色の固体を遠心により集め、ジクロロメタン(20ml)で洗浄する。真空で乾燥し、生成物を純粋な形態で得る。収量:548mg、100%。融点:178℃。1H NMR(DMSO−d6):2.18(t, 2H), 2.64(t, 2H), 3.89(s, 3H), 4.32(t, 2H), 7.79(s, 1H), 7.87(s, 1H), 9.37(s, 1H). 13C NMR(DMSO−d6):135.28, 131.36, 120.13, 116.18, 44.02, 31.22, 21.77, 9.99。微量分析:実測値(計算値): C 35.03(35.07), H 4.41(4.44), N 15.32(15.29)%. IR(cm−1):υCN, 2241(s)。前記化合物をイオン性液体に溶解し、触媒として用いることができ、1,3−シクロヘキサジエンの水素化の結果、実施例19にて得られるものと同じ物質を得る。
ジクロロメタン(2ml)中、PdCl2(177mg、1.0mmol)および(474mg、2.00mmol)[C3CNmim][BF4] 3cの反応混合物を、室温で4日間撹拌する。得られる淡黄色の固体を遠心により集め、ジクロロメタン(20ml)で洗浄する。真空乾燥し、純粋な形態の生成物を得る。収量:99%。融点:80℃。1H NMR(DMSO−d6):2.18(m, 2H), 2.58(t, 2H), 3.86(s, 3H), 4.25(t, 2H), 7.71(s, 1H), 7.77(s, 1H), 9.09(s, 1H). 13C NMR(DMSO−d6):132.12, 120.15, 118.69, 116.09, 44.08, 33.35, 27.87, 9.84。微量分析:実測値(計算値): C 29.51(29.50), H 3.74(3.71), N 12.88(12.90)%. IR(cm−1):3159, 3112(νC−H 芳香族性), 2933(νC−H 脂肪族), 2324(νC≡N), 1721(νC=N);この化合物を、イオン性液体に溶解し、触媒として用いることができ、1,3−シクロヘキサジエンの水素化の結果、実施例19にて得られるものと同じ物質を得る。
PdCl2(〜5mg)を、イオン性液体3c(1ml)に溶解し、1,3−シクロヘキサジエン(1ml)を加える。反応を、H2 45atmで加圧し、密閉し、そして4時間100℃に加熱し、90%収率でシクロヘキセンを得る。生成物をデカンテーションにより単に移し、そして(ICP分析に基づき)パラジウムは検出されない。
実施例21 3(R=CH2CH=CH2、X=Br)の合成
メタノール(50ml)中、1−メチルイミダゾール(8.21g、0.10mol)および臭化プロペニル(12.1g、0.10mol)の混合物を、5日間室温で撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去する。得られる淡黄色の粘性液をジエチルエーテル(3×100ml)で洗浄し、その後真空下で乾燥する。収量:18.67g、92%;融点:−52.5℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、123[CH2CH=CH2mim]+;陰イオン、80[Br]−;1H NMR(D2O):δ8.79(s, 1H), 7.62(s, 1H), 7.60(s, 1H), 6.15(m, 1H), 5.50(m, 1H), 4.96(m, 2H), 4.05(s, 3H); 13C NMR(D2O):136.1, 130.7, 124.5, 122.8, 121.5, 51.8, 36.3;C7H11N2Brの分析計算値(%):C 41.40, H 5.46, N, 13.79; 実測値:C 40.41, H 5.41, N 13.27。
メタノール(50ml)中、1−アリルイミダゾール(10.8g、0.10mmol)および臭化プロペニル(12.1g、0.10mol)の混合物を、5日間室温で撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去する。得られる淡黄色の粘性液体をジエチルエーテル(3×30ml)で洗浄する。生成物を24時間真空乾燥する。収量:19.3g、95%;融点:−26.5℃。ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、149[ジCH2CH=CH2im]+;陰イオン、80[Br]−;1H NMR(D2O):δ 9.20(s, 1H). 7.85(s, 2H), 6.20(m, 2H), 5.55(m, 4H), 5.10(m, 4H); 13C NMR(D2O):135.5, 130.5, 123.1, 122.0, 51.9;C7H11N2Brの分析計算値(%):C 41.40, H 5.46, N, 13.79. 実測値:C 40.41, H 5.41, N 13.27。
トリメチルシリルイミダゾール(14.03g、0.10mol)およびCl(CH2)3CN(24.86g、0.24mol)の混合物を、24時間80℃で撹拌する。得られる白色固体をジエチルエーテル(3×30ml)で洗浄する。生成物を24時間真空で乾燥する。収量:22.4g、94%;融点:100℃。ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、203[ジ(CH2)3C≡Nim]+;陰イオン、35、37[Cl]−;1H NMR(D2O):δ 8.56(s, 1H), 7.52(s, 2H), 4.48(t, 4H, 3J(H, H)=7.15 Hz), 2.66(m, 4H), 2.35(t, 4H, 3J(H, H)=7.15 Hz); 13C NMR(D2O):137.10, 123.4, 119.2, 48.3, 29.3, 25.1; IR(cm−1):3166, 3075, 2939, 2895, 2839, 2241, 1781, 1669, 1570, 1559;C11H15ClN4の分析計算値(%):C 55.35, H 6.33, N 23.47. 実測値:C 54.98, H 6.08, N 23.55。
1(1.0g、5.71mmol)および2(1.0g、5.71mmol)の混合物を、24時間室温でアセトン中にて撹拌する。得られる懸濁液をろ過し、ろ液を真空乾燥する。得られるイオン性液体を、ジエチルエーテルで洗浄することにより精製し、そして溶媒を真空除去する。収量:1.32g、84%。淡黄色の液体、融点:−84.5℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、139、[C4mim]+;陰イオン、136、[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−;1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ8.28(s, 1H), 7.16(s, 1H), 7.11(s, 1H), 4.45(t, 3J(H, H)=7.15 Hz, 2H), 3.85(s, 3H), 2.35−1.94(m, 4H), 1.92−1.85(m, 2H), 1.32(t, 3H, 3J(H, H)=6.98 Hz), 1.20(m, 2H), 0.89(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.56(m, 1H); 13C NMR(d6−アセトン):δ 136.8, 126.3, 124.5, 121.7, 49.0, 35.7, 31.9, 29.2, 20.6, 19.6, 15.5, 13.0; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−149.8(m); IR(cm−1):3154, 3117, 2962, 2872, 2239, 1574;C12H21BF3N3の分析計算値(%):C 52.39, H 7.69, N, 15.27. 実測値:C 52.38, H 7.41, N 15.51。
2の代わりに3(1.16g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.30g、88%。淡黄色の液体、融点:−89.2℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、123[CH2CH=CH2mim]+;陰イオン、136[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−;1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ 8.89(s, 1H), 7.67(s, 1H), 7.66(s, 1H), 6.07(m, 1H), 5.58(m, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 4.61(s, 3H), 3.95(s, 2H), 2.34(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1 Hz, 3J(H, H)=4.3 Hz), 1.96(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1, 3J(H, H)=10.7 Hz), 0.87(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.54(m, 1H); 13C NMR(d6−アセトン):139.01, 136.7, 124.89, 122.7, 121.5, 121.7, 51.3, 35.9, 28.5, 20.2, 14.8; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−147.4(m); IR(cm−1):3151, 3114, 1647, 2943, 2865, 2238, 1708, 1647, 1574;;C11H17BF3N3の分析計算値(%):C 51.00, H 6.61, N, 16.22; 実測値:C 51.21, H 6.45, N 16.17。
2の代わりに4(1.15g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.20g、82%。淡黄色の液体、融点:−80.4℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、121[CH2C≡CHmim]+;陰イオン、136[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−;1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ 9.49(s, 1H). 7.87(s, 1H), 7.58(s, 1H), 5.40(d, 2H, 4J(H, H)=2.80 Hz), 4.37(s, 3H), 3.21(d, 4H, 4J(H, H)=2.80 Hz); 2.36(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1 Hz, 3J(H, H)=4.3 Hz), 1.91(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1, 3J(H, H)=10.7 Hz), 0.89(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.54(m, 1H); 13C NMR(アセトン):δ 137.2, 124.2, 122.2, 121.2, 78.2, 75.2, 35.9, 29.3, 28.7, 20.5, 15.1; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−148.8(m); IR(cm−1):3252, 3156, 3116, 2960, 2867, 2238, 2131, 1697, 1625, 1576, 1459, 1425;C11H15BF3N3の分析計算値(%):C 51.40, H 5.88, N, 16.35. 実測値:C 51.21, H 5.75, N 16.32。
2の代わりに5(1.17g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.53g、88%。無色の液体、融点:−58.6℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、169、[CH2CH2CH2COOHmim]+;陰イオン、136、[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−;1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ 10.33(br, 1H), 9.01(s, 1H), 7.75(s, 1H), 7.72(s, 1H), 4.35(t, 2H, 3J(H, H)=7.05 Hz), 4.00(s, 3H), 2.17(t, 2H, 3J(H,H)=7.05), 2.39−1.96(m, 2H), 0.89(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.55(m, 1H); 13C NMR(d6−アセトン):δ=173.7, 136.0, 124.6, 121.1, 48.46, 35.1, 30.9, 28.9, 20.5, 15.1; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−148.8(m); IR(cm−1):3155, 3117, 2943, 2867, 2238, 1728, 1566, 1460;C12H19BF3N3O2の分析計算値(%):C 47.24, H 6.28, N, 13.77; 実測値:C 471.21, H 6.75, N 13.32。
2の代わりに6(1.06g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.39g、85%。淡黄色の液体、融点:−76.6℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、150[CH2CH2CH2CNmim]+;陰イオン、136[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−;1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ=8.75(s, 1H), 7.44(s, 1H), 7.39(s, 1H), 4.45(t, 2H, 3J(H, H)=7.15 Hz), 4.00(s, 3H), 2.64(t, 2H, 3J(H, H)=7.15 Hz), 2.31(t, 2H, 1J(H, H)=7.14 Hz), 2.30(m, 1H), 1.98(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1, 3J(H, H)=10.7 Hz), 0.87(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.55(m, 1H); 13C NMR(d6−アセトン):δ134.11, 130.49, 120.0, 121.5, 116.1, 48.0, 30.8, 28.9, 25.9, 20.5, 13.6, 9.8; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−148.8(m); IR(cm−1):3156, 3116, 2960, 2866, 2239, 1631, 1575, 1566, 1459, 1425;C12H18BF3N4の分析計算値(%):C 50.38, H 6.34, N, 19.58; 実測値:C 50.21, H 6.45, N 19.32。
2の代わりに7(1.31g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.43g、88%。淡黄色の液体、融点:−87.3℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、149[ジCH2CH=CH2im]+;陰イオン、136[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−;1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ 9.25(s, 1H). 7.86(s, 2H), 6.11(m, 2H), 5.45−5.35(m, 4H), 4.99(m, 4H), 2.31(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1 Hz, 3J(H, H)=4.3 Hz), 1.95(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1, 3J(H, H)=10.7 Hz), 1.20(m, 2H), 0.88(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.56(m, 1H); 13C NMR(d6−アセトン):δ 136.0, 131.7, 122.07, 121.7, 120.8, 51.4, 29.4, 20.6, 15.3; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−149.8(m); R(cm−1):3143, 3087, 2943, 2866, 2238, 1646, 1562, 1451, 1424;C13H19BF3N3の分析計算値(%):C 54.76, H 6.72, N, 14.74. 実測値:C 54.21, H 6.85, N 14.41。
2の代わりに8(1.03g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.38g、86%。淡黄色液体、融点:−55.1℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、145[ジCH2C≡CHim]+;陰イオン、136[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−; 1H NMR(D2O):δ=9.36(s, 1H), 7.90(s, 2H), 5.97(d, 4H, 4J(H, H)=4.0 Hz), 3.36(t, 2H, 4J(H, H)=4.0Hz), 2.35(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1 Hz, 3J(H, H)=4.3 Hz), 1.94(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1, 3J(H, H)=10.7 Hz), 0.89(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.56(m, 1H); 13C NMR(D2O):δ138.9, 125.7, 121.7, 81.1, 74.8, 42.5, 29.2, 20.5, 15.4; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−149.8(m); IR(cm−1):3255, 3145, 2944, 2867, 2239, 2131, 1559, 1445;C13H15BF3N3の分析計算値(%):C 55.55, H 5.38, N, 14.95; 実測値:C 55.21, H 5.45, N 14.69。
ろう状固体として、2の代わりに9(1.58g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.83g、85%。ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、241[DiCH2CH2CH2COOHim]+;陰イオン、136[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−; 1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ8.76(s, 1H), 7.44(s, 2H), 4.08(t, 4H, 3J(H, H)=7.05 Hz), 2.38−2.30(m, 1H) 2.37(t, 4H, 3J(H, H)=7.05 Hz), 2.08(m, 4H), 1.97(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1, 3J(H, H)=10.7 Hz), 1.21(m, 2H), 0.90(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.59(m, 1H); 13C NMR(d6−アセトン):δ 179.7, 138.5, 125.5, 121.8, 51.6, 33.1, 28.4, 27.5, 20.3, 14.9; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−149.8(m); IR(cm−1):3607, 3454, 3151, 2946, 2873, 2246, 1727, 1651, 1565, 1460, 1421, 1308;C15H23BF3N3O4の分析計算値(%):C 47.77, H 6.15, N, 11.14. 実測値:C 47.35, H 6.25, N 11.38。
2の代わりに10(1.39g、5.71mmol)を用いること以外は、11の合成と同様の方法で行う。収量:1.68g、87%。無色の液体、融点:−69.8℃;ESI−MS(H2O、m/z):陽イオン、203[ジ(CH2)3C≡Nim]+;陰イオン、136[CH3(BF3)CHCH2CN]−; 1H NMR(d6−アセトン):δ9.30(s, 1H), 7.83(s, 2H), 4.46(t, 4H, 3J(H, H)=7.10 Hz), 2.66(m, 4H), 2.32(t, 4H, 3J(H, H)=7.00 Hz), 2.34(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1 Hz, 3J(H, H)=4.3 Hz), 1.99(dd, 1H, 2J(H, H)=−17.1Hz, 3J(H, H)=10.7 Hz), 0.91(d, 3H, 3J(H, H)=7.3 Hz), 0.58(m, 1H); 13C NMR(d6−アセトン):137.0, 123.4, 121.9, 119.2, 48.3, 29.3, 29.1, 25.1, 20.6, 13.6; 19F NMR(d6−アセトン):−148.8(m); IR(cm−1):3148, 3117, 2967, 2247, 1567, 1461, 1425;C15H21BF3N5の分析計算値(%):C 53.12, H 6.24, N, 20.65. 実測値:C 52.97, H 6.25, N 20.34。
ニトリル官能基化陰イオンの接触水素化に対する安定性は、アセトン(0.4ml)中、K[CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN](8mg)およびRuCl2(PMe3)4(1mg)の溶液を、H2(40バール)で35℃にて加圧することにより試験する。還元は、48時間後でも観察されなかった。
Claims (7)
- 一般式
K+A−
[式中、K+は、1−3個のヘテロ原子(それは、独立してN、SまたはOであり得る)を有する5員または6員のヘテロ環であり;
ただし、ヘテロ原子のうち少なくとも1個は、−R’CN置換基〔ここで、R’は、アルキル(C1からC12)である〕を有する四級窒素原子でなければならず;
前記ヘテロ環は、以下の部分:
(i)H;
(ii)ハロゲンまたは、
(iii)非置換かまたは一部あるいは全部をF、Cl、N(C n F (2n+1−x) H x ) 2 、O(C n F (2n+1−x) H x )、SO 2 (C n F (2n+1−x) H x ) 2 またはC n F (2n+1−x) H x (ここで、1<n<6および0<x<13である)により置換されるアルキル(C1からC12);および
(iv)非置換かまたは一部あるいは全部をF、Cl、N(C n F (2n+1−x) H x ) 2 、O(C n F (2n+1−x) H x )、SO 2 (C n F (2n+1−x) H x ) 2 またはC n F (2n+1−x) H x (ここで、1<n<6および0<x≦13である)により置換されるフェニル環;
から独立して選択される4または5個までの置換基を有し、そして
A−は、[BF3R’CN]−(ここで、R’は、アルキル(C1からC12)である)である]
で示される化合物。 - A−が、[BF3CHCH3CH2CN]−である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記ヘテロ環が、ピロリウム、ピラゾリウム、ピリジニウム、ピラジニウム、ピリミジニウム、ピラジニウム、イミダゾリウム、チアゾリウム、オキサゾリウム、またはトリアゾリウムである、請求項1または2に記載の化合物。
- 前記ヘテロ環が、ピリジニウムまたはイミダゾリウムである、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物と所望の量の金属触媒化合物を混合することによる、金属触媒の固定化方法。
- 前記金属触媒化合物がランタニド種およびアクチニド種、ならびにPdCl2、PtCl2、RuCl3、RhCl3、および[Ru(アレーン)Cl2]2を含む遷移金属触媒から選択される、請求項5に記載の使用。
- PdCl2、PtCl2、RuCl3、RhCl3、または[Ru(アレーン)Cl2]2と複合体を形成する請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
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JP5393066B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-26 | 2014-01-22 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 金属錯体型イオン液体の製造方法、金属錯体型イオン液体、及びこれを用いる金属ナノ粒子の製造方法 |
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ES2374195T3 (es) | 2012-02-14 |
JP2007503415A (ja) | 2007-02-22 |
CN1839122A (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
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