JP4767180B2 - Drilling device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a punching device that punches holes in a printed wiring board.

  In a punching device for making a hole in a printed wiring board, first, a printed wiring board on which a predetermined drilling position is marked is placed on a work table, and the printed wiring board is pressed against the work table with a pressing plate or the like. Then, a hole is drilled with a drill or the like at the marked drilling position.

  Here, in the punching device according to the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, the force for pressing the printed wiring board is adjusted by controlling a motor that moves the pressing board.

If the pressing force is too strong, there is a risk that the quality may be deteriorated, for example, when the surface of the printed wiring board is a copper plate, a pressing mark is made. In addition, in order to prevent deformation of the machine body due to strong force, it is necessary to strengthen the structure of each part such as the mechanism for driving the pressing plate and the table, and the size of the entire drilling machine increases. Will occur. Therefore, we want to make the force to hold the printed wiring board as weak as possible. However, when a hole is made in the printed wiring board from below with a drill or the like, a reaction force is generated to move the holding plate upward via the printed wiring board. For this reason, if the force to press the printed wiring board is too weak, the printed wiring board will push the holding board and lift from the table, causing the printed wiring board to move out of position and failing to drill holes at the correct position. Arise. For this reason, the force with which the pressing plate presses the printed wiring board is as weak as possible, and a pressing mechanism capable of resisting the reaction force of the drill when receiving a reaction force from the drill is desirable. The pressing mechanism of the punching device disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot satisfy such a requirement.
Japanese Patent No. 2873439

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a punching device capable of appropriately pressing a printed wiring board.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a drilling device having a pressing mechanism capable of resisting a reaction force against a reaction force caused by a drill.

In order to achieve the above object, a drilling device according to the present invention is
An opening is formed at a predetermined position, and a table on which a printed wiring board to be drilled is placed;
A pressing means for pressing and fixing the printed wiring board placed on the table against the table from one side thereof;
Through the opening formed in the table, the printed wiring board placed on the table, a hole punching means for making a hole from the other surface side,
An outer peripheral portion abuts against the pressing means, allows the pressing means to move in one direction, which is a direction to press the printed wiring board against the table, and prevents the pressing means from retreating in the opposite direction. A directional clutch ,
The one-way clutch allows the movement of the pressing means in the one direction by rotating in the same direction as the one direction at a portion in contact with the pressing means of the outer periphery, and In order to prevent the pressing means from retreating in the reverse direction by not rotating in the reverse direction, the printed wiring board is used when the printed wiring board is opened by the punching means in conjunction with the pressing means. Preventing the pressing means from retreating by the force applied to the pressing means from the other side of the plate;
It is characterized by that.

A lock releasing means for releasing the lock of the one-way clutch in order to enable the pressing means to be moved to a predetermined position after completion of the hole making by the hole making means;
It is good as well.

  In order to release the contact state between the pressing means and the one-way clutch so that the pressing means can be moved to a predetermined position after completion of the punching by the punching means, the one-way clutch is It can also be provided with a clutch moving means for moving.

  According to the present invention, the pressing means is prevented from moving backward by locking the one-way clutch, so that the pressing force of the pressing plate against the printed wiring board is as weak as possible. Therefore, it is possible to realize a drilling device having a pressing mechanism capable of resisting the reaction force.

Hereinafter, a punching apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
This punching device 100 includes a presser plate upper and lower cylinder 10, a one-way clutch 12, a clutch control unit 14, a cylinder rod 16, a presser plate 18, a work table 20, a drilling drill 22, a tube 30, Drill fixing base 50, X-ray generator 52, X-ray imaging camera 54, Y-axis moving base 56, Y-axis rail 58, X-axis moving base 60, X-axis rail 62, and vacuum pump 66 And a control unit 80.

  Hereinafter, the axis perpendicular to the surface on which the printed wiring board 23 of the work table 20 of the punching device 100 is placed (hereinafter, this surface is referred to as the main surface) is the Z axis, and the axis is parallel to the main surface. Thus, an axis parallel to the extending direction of the Y-axis rail 58 is defined as a Y-axis, and an axis perpendicular to the Z-axis and the Y-axis is defined as an X-axis.

  The work table 20 is a table on which the printed wiring board 23 is installed, and is fixed at a predetermined position by a support mechanism.

  The tube 30 is an air passage for exhausting air from the space surrounded by the printed wiring board 23 and the work table 20 or for ventilating air to the space, and is provided at the lower part of the work table 20. . A vacuum pump 66 is connected to the tube 30.

The vacuum pump 66 is a vacuum pump for evacuating under the control of the control unit 80. After the printed wiring board 23 is placed on the work table 20, the vacuum pump 66 discharges air through the tube 30, whereby the printed wiring board 23 is temporarily fixed on the work table 20 by vacuum pressure. Further, when the vacuum pump 66 ventilates the tube 30, the temporary fixing of the printed wiring board 23 is released.

  The pressing plate 18 is a plate for pressing the printed wiring board 23 against the main surface of the work table 20 when making a hole in the printed wiring board 23, and is fixed to the cylinder rod 16.

  The presser plate upper and lower cylinders 10 are composed of air cylinders or the like, and are used to move the cylinder rod 16 along the Z axis according to the control of the control unit 80, and are fixed to the upper portion of the hole punching device 100 by a support mechanism. ing.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the cylinder rod 16 and the one-way clutch 12. As illustrated, the outer diameter portion of the one-way clutch 12 is in contact with the outer diameter portion of the cylinder rod 16.

The one-way clutch 12 is a device that resists a reaction force applied to the pressing plate 18 and is fixed to a predetermined position of the clutch control unit 14. The clutch control unit 14 controls the one-way clutch 12 between a normal state and an unlocked state according to the control of the control unit 80, and is configured by, for example, an air cylinder. The one-way clutch 12 is pressed against the cylinder rod 16 with a predetermined force by the control unit 14 in a normal state.

  The one-way clutch 12 has a general structure. For example, the one-way clutch 12 includes an inner ring, an outer ring, a cam that is disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and is biased in a predetermined direction. When the inner ring is fixed, the outer ring is When rotating in the rotation direction (rotation direction), the outer ring rotates idly, and when it tries to rotate in the counterclockwise direction (locking direction), the cam functions as a strut (stick) and the rotation of the outer ring is locked. It has a configuration. It is also possible to release the lock and rotate the outer ring counterclockwise by rotating the inner ring clockwise.

  The one-way clutch 12 rotates when the cylinder rod 16 descends, but does not rotate in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, and is attached so as to be locked. That is, when the cylinder rod 16 is lowered, the outer ring rotates clockwise with respect to the inner ring, so that the outer ring idles and the cylinder rod 16 is lowered. On the other hand, when the cylinder rod 16 tries to rise, the rotation of the outer ring is locked.

  At this time, since the one-way clutch 12 is pressed against the cylinder rod 16 by the clutch control unit 14, if the one-way clutch 12 is locked when the cylinder rod 16 is going to move up, friction occurs at the contact portion between the one-way clutch 12 and the cylinder rod 16. Force is generated.

  If the reaction force at the time of making a hole in the printed wiring board 23 is larger than the frictional force generated at the contact portion between the one-way clutch 12 and the cylinder rod 16, the cylinder rod 16 is locked even if the rotation of the one-way clutch 12 is locked. Will rise.

  The reference hole used when the printed wiring board 23 is removed with a press is usually processed within a range of φ5 or less. In this case, the printed wiring board 23 is pressed with a force of about 5 kg in order to counter the reaction force of the drill. There is a need. Therefore, in this case, if a frictional force of 5 kg or more is generated at the contact portion between the one-way clutch 12 and the cylinder rod 16, the cylinder rod 16 does not move due to the reaction force of the drill.

  The coefficient of static friction between metals is generally in the range of about 0.4 to 0.6. Here, assuming that the value is 0.5, the clutch control means 14 applies a force of 10 kg to the cylinder rod 16. Assuming that the one-way clutch 12 is pressed against this, a frictional force of 5 kg is generated at the contact portion between the one-way clutch 12 and the cylinder rod 16 at this time. Therefore, the cylinder rod 16 can sufficiently counter the reaction force of the drill.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an X-axis rail 62 is fixed at a predetermined position inside the drilling device 100 by a support mechanism, and the X-axis moving mount 60 can move in the X-axis direction with respect to the X-axis rail 62. It is attached. The X-axis moving gantry 60 is controlled in the X-axis direction by a non-illustrated moving mechanism (for example, a pulse motor) being driven according to the control of the control unit 80.

  A Y-axis rail 58 is fixed on the X-axis moving frame 60, and a Y-axis moving frame 56 is provided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the Y-axis rail 58. The Y-axis moving gantry 56 is controlled in the Y-axis direction by a non-illustrated moving mechanism (such as a pulse motor) being driven according to the control of the control unit 80.

The Y-axis moving mount 56 has a U-shape sandwiching the work table 20 when viewed from the Y-axis direction, and the X-ray imaging camera 54 is fixed at a predetermined position on the lower surface side of the work table 20. An X-ray generator 52 is mounted on the upper side of the work table 20 at a position facing the X-ray imaging camera 54.

  On the Y-axis moving stand 56, a drill fixing stand 50 is fixed at the same distance as the X-ray camera 54 in the X-axis direction and separated by a predetermined distance in the Y-axis direction.

  The X-ray generator 52 is an apparatus that generates X-rays, and is fixed to the upper portion of the Y-axis moving base 56 so that the X-ray irradiation direction is directed downward along the Z-axis direction. The X-ray generator 52 irradiates the upper surface of the printed wiring board 23 with X-rays under the control of the control unit 80.

  The X-ray imaging camera 54 is a camera for capturing an X-ray image of the printed wiring board 23, and is fixed to the lower part of the Y-axis moving mount 56 with the lens portion facing upward along the Z-axis. The X-ray imaging camera 54 transmits the captured image to the control unit 80.

  The hole drill 22 is a drill for making a hole in the printed wiring board 23, and is fixed to the lower part of the drill fixing base 50 with the tip of the drill facing upward along the Z axis. Further, according to the control of the control unit 80, the drilling drill 22 is movable along the Z axis.

  The one-way clutch 12, the control unit 14, the drill drill 22, the drill fixing base 50, the X-ray generator 52, the X-ray imaging camera 54, the Y-axis moving base 56, and the Y-axis rail 58 Each of the X-axis moving gantry 60 is installed at a symmetrical position when viewed from the Y-axis direction.

  The control unit 80 is a control device that controls the punching device 100, and includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 81, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 83, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 85. The control unit 80 is installed inside the punching device 100, receives an image from the X-ray imaging camera 54, and includes a presser plate upper and lower cylinder 10, the control unit 14, a drilling drill 22, and a Y-axis moving mount 56. The X-axis moving gantry 60 is controlled.

  The CPU 81 reads the program stored in the ROM 83 and repeatedly executes it.

  The ROM 83 includes a program for controlling the drilling apparatus 100 including a drilling process described later with reference to FIG. 3, the initial coordinates Pd of the drilling drill 22 on the main surface of the work table 20, and the X-ray imaging camera 54. The initial coordinates Pc are stored. The initial coordinates Pd of the drilling drill 22 and the initial coordinates Pc of the X-ray imaging camera 54 are shown in the form of XY coordinates on the main surface of the work table 20.

  A RAM (Random Access Memory) 85 functions as a work area for the CPU 81.

  A drilling process using the drilling apparatus 100 will be described. The perforating process includes the installation of the printed wiring board 23, the perforating process by the perforating apparatus 100, and the unloading of the printed wiring board 23.

  In many cases, the printed wiring board 23 is constituted by a plurality of unexposed double-sided printed boards that are normally inner layer boards and a conductor layer exposed to the outside in order to meet the demand for higher density. Positioning marks are provided on the double-sided printed circuit board. For example, holes are formed on the basis of the positioning marks, and the outer shape is pressed by a separate process. However, since this positioning mark is provided on the inner layer plate, it cannot be directly observed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the positioning mark is imaged using X-rays, and the image is measured to determine the drilling position. In this embodiment, it is assumed that two positioning marks are provided at a predetermined distance in the X-axis direction.

Below, the process at the time of making a hole in the printed wiring board 23 is demonstrated.
(1) Pre-drilling process First, the distance between the centers of the two X-ray imaging cameras 54 and the distance between the centers of the positioning marks provided on the printed wiring board 23 are aligned. For alignment, the distance between the centers of the positioning marks is input to the drilling device 100 in advance using a keyboard or the like, and the control unit 80 drives a moving mechanism (not shown) of the X-axis moving gantry 60 based on this distance. To do. Since the positional relationship between the X-ray generator 52 and the drilling drill 22 installed on the Y-axis moving frame 56 is associated with the X-ray imaging camera 54 in advance, the distance adjustment between the centers of the X-ray imaging camera 54 is completed. The alignment between the centers of the X-ray generator 52 and the drilling drill 22 is also completed at the same time. Incidentally, when the same type of printed wiring board is punched, the alignment of the center-to-center distance of the X-ray imaging camera 54 is usually performed only once.
Further, the position after the alignment of the distance between the centers of the X-ray imaging camera 54 is set as a standby position of the X-ray imaging camera 54. The standby position of the X-ray imaging camera 54 is stored in the RAM 85 as XY coordinates Pca on the main surface of the work table 20. The position after the alignment of the drilling drill 22 is set as a standby position of the drilling drill 22. The standby position of the drill 22 is stored in the RAM 85 as XY coordinates Pda on the main surface of the work table 20.

(2) Installation of Printed Wiring Board 23 Next, a robot (not shown) or the like places the printed wiring board 23 at a predetermined position on the main surface of the work table 20 under the control of the control unit 80. Next, the controller 80 starts evacuation by the vacuum pump 66 and temporarily fixes the printed wiring board 23 to the main surface of the work table 20.
Incidentally, the predetermined position where the printed wiring board 23 is placed is the XY coordinate indicating the center of the positioning mark on the main surface of the work table 20 provided on the printed wiring board 23 by design and the standby of the X-ray camera 54. This is the position where the XY coordinates indicating the center of the optical axis coincide with each other. In practice, however, an error occurs in the positioning mark and the place where it is placed. Therefore, even if the printed wiring board 23 is placed at a predetermined position, the optical axis of the X-ray camera 54 and the center of the positioning mark on the printed wiring board 23 are different. Does not match. Therefore, when actually making a hole, it is necessary to acquire the center coordinates of the positioning mark and to make a hole at that position. The center coordinates of the positioning mark are acquired by the next drilling process.

(3) Drilling process Subsequently, the control unit 80 starts the drilling process. In the drilling process, the positioning mark provided on the printed wiring board 23 is imaged, and the XY coordinate of the center of the positioning mark on the main surface of the work table 20 is acquired from the result, and a drill is drilled at that position. 22 is a process of making a hole. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the punching process executed by the CPU 81.

  First, the control unit 80 presses the one-way clutch 12 against the cylinder rod 16 via the clutch control unit 14 (step S10). Next, the control unit 80 controls the presser plate upper and lower cylinders 10 to lower the presser plate 18 and presses the printed wiring board 23 with the presser plate 18 to fix it to the main surface of the work table 20 (step S15). . At this time, the one-way clutch 12 rotates with the lowering of the cylinder rod 16, so that the cylinder rod 16 can be lowered. The force with which the pressing plate 18 presses the printed wiring board 23 against the work table is sufficient to fix the printed wiring board 23, but is not too strong.

  When the control unit 80 operates the X-ray generator 52 and the X-ray imaging camera 54 after the fixing of the printed wiring board 23 is completed (step 20), the X-ray imaging camera 54 passes through the printed wiring board 23. The positioning mark provided on the printed wiring board 23 can be received by the line. Then, the control unit 80 obtains the XY coordinates of the positioning mark center with respect to the optical axis center XY coordinates Pca at the standby position of the X-ray camera 54 from the positioning marks received by the X-ray camera 54 by a known means (step 25). The control unit 80 stores the acquired XY coordinates of the center of the positioning mark in the RAM 85 as the XY coordinates on the main surface of the work table 20.

Next, the control unit 80 moves the drilling drill 22 from the standby position Pda to the center of the positioning mark based on the acquired XY coordinates of the center of the positioning mark. For this purpose, the Y-axis moving gantry 56 and the X-axis moving gantry 60 are moved so that the center of the positioning mark and the center of the drilling hole 22 coincide (step 30).

Here, the drilling drill 22 and the X-ray camera 54 are fixed on the Y-axis moving frame 56 so as to be aligned in the Y-axis direction, so that the center of the positioning mark and the center of the drilling drill 22 are matched. When the axis moving gantry 56 and the X axis moving gantry 60 are moved, the X-ray camera 54 and the X-ray generator 52 move so as to retract from the positioning marks.

  Next, the control unit 80 raises the drilling drill 22 to a predetermined position and opens a hole in the printed wiring board 23 (step S35). At this time, a large force is applied to push up the holding plate 18 and the cylinder rod 16 through the printed wiring board 23. However, since the one-way clutch 12 is locked against the counterclockwise rotation, the holding plate 18 does not move against the force from the drilling drill 22, and the printed wiring board 23 is moved to the main surface of the work table 20. Keep pressed against.

  When the drilling is completed, the control unit 80 lowers the drilling drill 22 to a predetermined position (step S40).

  Subsequently, the control unit 80 moves the X-ray imaging camera 54 to the standby position Pca (step 45). When the X-ray imaging camera 54 moves to the standby position Pca, the drilling drill 22 also moves to the standby position Pda at the same time. Next, the outer diameter part of the one-way clutch 12 and the outer diameter part of the cylinder rod 16 are separated from each other via the clutch control unit 14, and the locked state of the cylinder rod 16 is released (step S50). Next, the control unit 80 raises the pressing plate 18 by controlling the pressing plate upper and lower cylinders 10 (step S55).

(3) Carrying out printed wiring board 23 After the above process is completed, the control unit 80 causes air to flow into the tube 30 from the vacuum pump 60. Thereby, the temporary fixing of the printed wiring board 23 is released, and the printed wiring board 23 is carried out by a robot or the like.

  This completes the drilling process.

  In the drilling process described above, a reaction force from the drill is applied to the pressing plate 18 in the Z-axis direction while a hole is being drilled (step S35).

  However, the outer diameter part of the cylinder rod 16 and the outer diameter part of the one-way clutch 12 are in contact with each other, and the one-way clutch 12 is locked counterclockwise (controlled so as not to rotate). At this time, the presser plate 18 is prevented from rising (retracting) by the frictional force generated between the one-way clutch 12 and the cylinder rod 16. For this reason, the pressing plate 18 does not rise (retreat), and the printed wiring board 23 is fixed on the main surface of the work table. After the drilling is completed, the cylinder rod 16 is unlocked by the one-way clutch 12, so that the pressing plate 18 can be raised.

  In this way, the presser plate 18 is prevented from rising (retracted) by the frictional force generated between the one-way clutch 12 and the cylinder rod 16, so the presser plate 18 causes the printed wiring board 23 with an excessive force more than necessary. There is no need to hold down. Therefore, the force with which the holding plate 18 presses the printed wiring board 23 is as weak as possible, and when a reaction force is received from the drill 22, the holding mechanism capable of resisting the reaction force of the drill 22 can realize the drilling device. it can.

  The shape and configuration of the one-way clutch 12 and the cylinder rod 16 are not limited to the shape and configuration shown in FIG. 2, and any shape or configuration can be used as long as it can resist the reaction force against the pressing plate 18. Absent.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a rack (gear) 16a is formed along the Z-axis direction with respect to the outer diameter portion of the cylinder rod 16, and teeth 12a that mesh with the outer diameter portion of the one-way clutch 12 are formed. And engage them. The one-way clutch 12 can rotate in the downward direction of the cylinder rod 16 but is locked in the upward direction, and the clutch control unit 14 controls the one-way clutch 12 in accordance with the control of the control unit 80. It is possible to control the state and the unlocked state.

  According to such a configuration, the one-way clutch 12 can rotate when the cylinder rod 16 moves in the downward direction, but the rotation is locked when the cylinder rod 16 tries to rise. Since the cylinder rod 16 meshes with the teeth provided on the one-way clutch 12, the cylinder rod 16 is also locked at the same time.

  The clutch control unit 14 controls the one-way clutch 12 to the unlocked state, so that the one-way clutch 12 can rotate in the upward direction and the cylinder rod 16 can be raised.

  Even with such a configuration, the presser plate 18 is prevented from rising (retracting), so that it is not necessary to press the printed wiring board 23 strongly with the presser plate 18. Therefore, the force with which the holding plate 18 presses the printed wiring board 23 is as weak as possible, and when a reaction force is received from the drill 22, the holding mechanism capable of resisting the reaction force of the drill 22 can realize the drilling device. it can.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the printed wiring board 23 is exemplified as an object to be punched. However, the present invention is applicable to a punching apparatus that punches an arbitrary object to be processed.

It is a block diagram of the drilling apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is an enlarged view of the one-way clutch and cylinder rod which concern on this embodiment. It is a flowchart of the punching process which concerns on this embodiment. It is an enlarged view of the one-way clutch and cylinder rod different from this embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Holding plate upper and lower cylinder 12 One-way clutch 14 Clutch control part 16 Cylinder rod 18 Holding plate 20 Work table 22 Drill drill 23 Printed wiring board 30 Tube 50 Drill fixed mount 52 X-ray generator 54 X-ray imaging camera 56 Y-axis moving mount 58 Y-axis rail 60 X-axis moving mount 62 X-axis rail 66 Vacuum pump 80 Control unit 100 Drilling device

Claims (3)

An opening is formed at a predetermined position, and a table on which a printed wiring board to be drilled is placed;
A pressing means for pressing and fixing the printed wiring board placed on the table against the table from one side thereof;
Through the opening formed in the table, the printed wiring board placed on the table, a hole punching means for making a hole from the other surface side,
An outer peripheral portion abuts against the pressing means, allows the pressing means to move in one direction, which is a direction to press the printed wiring board against the table, and prevents the pressing means from retreating in the opposite direction. A directional clutch ,
The one-way clutch allows the movement of the pressing means in the one direction by rotating in the same direction as the one direction at a portion in contact with the pressing means of the outer periphery, and In order to prevent the pressing means from retreating in the reverse direction by not rotating in the reverse direction, the printed wiring board is used when the printed wiring board is opened by the punching means in conjunction with the pressing means. Preventing the pressing means from retreating by the force applied to the pressing means from the other side of the plate;
A drilling device characterized by that. A lock releasing means for releasing the lock of the one-way clutch in order to enable the pressing means to be moved to a predetermined position after completion of the hole making by the hole making means;
The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein In order to release the contact state between the pressing means and the one-way clutch so that the pressing means can be moved to a predetermined position after completion of the punching by the punching means, the one-way clutch is A clutch moving means for moving,
The drilling device according to claim 1, wherein

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