JP4765548B2 - Permeability test apparatus and permeability test method - Google Patents
Permeability test apparatus and permeability test method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4765548B2 JP4765548B2 JP2005310089A JP2005310089A JP4765548B2 JP 4765548 B2 JP4765548 B2 JP 4765548B2 JP 2005310089 A JP2005310089 A JP 2005310089A JP 2005310089 A JP2005310089 A JP 2005310089A JP 4765548 B2 JP4765548 B2 JP 4765548B2
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Description
The present invention relates to a water permeability test apparatus and a water permeability test method for evaluating water permeability in a laminar flow state of a ground material.
I. Conventionally, as the ground material, a material that is not compressed even when a pressure such as soil, sand, sandstone, or the like is applied has been used.
In recent years, with the era of environment and recycling, waste tire chips, rubber shredded pieces deformed by pressurization such as shreds, etc., are increasingly used as ground materials. For example, in paragraph 0015 of JP-A-2003-90386, it is described that earth and sand are packed and used in a hollow portion in a waste tire.
II. JIS A1218: 1998 defines a water permeability test method for obtaining a water permeability coefficient in a laminar flow state of a soil in a saturated state. FIG. 2 of JIS A1218: 1998 shows an apparatus used for a constant water level permeability test, and FIG. 3 shows an apparatus used for a variable water level permeability test.
The ground material such as rubber crushed pieces is deformed by pressurization, which changes the amount and shape of the gaps between the rubber crushed pieces, etc., so the permeability of the ground material is affected by the compressed state of the ground material. . For this reason, in the compressible ground material which deform | transforms by these pressurizations, the need to evaluate accurately the relationship between a compression state and water permeability is increasing.
However, since there are few such needs in conventional ground materials such as soil, sand, sandstone, etc., there is an apparatus and method that can accurately evaluate the relationship between the compression state of the compressible ground material and water permeability. I did not.
In the constant water level test apparatus shown in FIG. 2 of JIS A1218: 1998 and the water level test apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the volume of the water-permeable cylinder is unchanged. For this reason, when evaluating the relationship between the compression state of the compressible ground material and water permeability using these devices, the ground material is filled in the water-permeable cylinder so as to be in a predetermined compression state, and a water permeability test is performed. After that, it is necessary to take out the ground material from the water-permeable cylinder, fill the ground material again so as to be in a different compressed state, and perform a water permeability test. For this reason, the arrangement state of each ground material in each compressed state is completely different, and the change in the arrangement state affects the water permeability. Therefore, the relationship between the compressed state and the water permeability is accurately determined. Cannot be evaluated.
An object of this invention is to provide the water-permeable test apparatus and water-permeable test method which can evaluate accurately the relationship between the compression state of the ground material which deform | transforms by pressurization, and water permeability.
The permeability test apparatus according to claim 1 is a permeability test apparatus for obtaining a permeability coefficient in a laminar flow state of a ground material, wherein a permeability cylinder into which the ground material is placed, and an inflow portion of water provided on one end side of the permeability cylinder. In the water permeability test apparatus having a first lid provided and a second lid provided with an outflow portion of water provided on the other end side of the water permeable cylinder, the water permeable cylinder includes the first cylinder portion, A second cylindrical portion that is fitted on one end side or the other end side of the first cylindrical portion, and the second cylindrical portion slides in the axial direction of the water-permeable cylinder, whereby the axial direction of the water-permeable cylinder It is characterized in that its length is freely extendable.
The permeability test apparatus according to claim 2 is a permeability test apparatus for obtaining a permeability coefficient in a laminar flow state of a ground material, wherein a permeability cylinder into which the ground material is put, and an inflow portion of water provided at one end side of the permeability cylinder. In the water permeability test apparatus having a first lid provided and a second lid provided with an outflow portion of water provided on the other end side of the water permeable cylinder, the water permeable cylinder includes the first cylinder portion, Two second cylindrical parts fitted on both ends of the first cylindrical part, and the axial length of the water-permeable cylinder by sliding each second cylinder part in the axial direction of the water-permeable cylinder. Is characterized by being telescopic.
The water permeability test apparatus according to claim 3 is a perforated plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the perforated plate is disposed between one end of the water permeable cylinder and the first lid and between the other end of the water permeable cylinder and the second lid. Is arranged.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the water permeation test apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects is characterized in that the first cylindrical portion has the first cylindrical portion on one end side where the second cylindrical portion is provided. A substantially cylindrical sleeve that is slidably fitted on the other end and is exposed from the end of the first cylindrical portion, and the other end is fixed to the second cylindrical portion. It is characterized by.
The water permeability test apparatus according to claim 5 is the water permeability test apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the other end of the sleeve is a flange portion, the flange portion is in contact with the end surface of the second cylindrical portion, and the end surface of the second cylindrical portion is It is fixed to the second cylindrical portion by being sandwiched between the first lid or the perforated plate.
A water permeability test apparatus according to a sixth aspect is the stopper according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the second cylindrical part is prevented from being detached from the first cylindrical part, and the first cylindrical part A stopper formed of a concave portion provided on one surface of the inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the outer peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion and a convex portion provided on the other surface and disposed in the concave portion. It is characterized by.
The water permeability test apparatus according to claim 7 is the water permeability test apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the space in the concave portion is divided into two chambers, a first chamber and a second chamber, by the convex portion. A hydraulic pump is connected, and the second cylindrical portion is slidable by a differential pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber.
A water permeability test apparatus according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, the water permeation test apparatus is an apparatus for a constant water level permeation test.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the water permeability test apparatus according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the water permeability test apparatus is an apparatus for a water level permeability test.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the water permeability test apparatus according to any one of the first to ninth aspects is characterized in that the water permeability test apparatus is a vertical type whose axial direction is vertical.
The water permeability test apparatus according to an eleventh aspect is characterized in that, in any one of the first to ninth aspects, the water permeation test apparatus is a horizontal type whose axial direction is horizontal.
The water permeability test method according to claim 12 is a water permeability test method for a ground material that is deformed by pressurization, and after the ground material is placed in a container and a water permeability test is performed on the ground material, at least the volume of the container is reduced. A water permeability test method for performing a water permeability test after changing the compression state of the ground material by changing once , wherein the container is the water permeability test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11. Is.
The water permeability test method according to claim 13 is a water permeability test method for a ground material deformed by pressurization, wherein the ground material is placed in a container, and the volume of the container is changed at least once to compress the ground material. A water permeability test method for performing a water permeability test while changing the compression state , wherein the container is the water permeability test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11 .
The water permeability test method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, in claim 12 or 13, the water permeability test is a constant water level permeability test or a variable water level permeability test.
Permeability test method according to claim 15, in any one of claims 12 to 14, before the first permeability test even after having put the該地board material in the permeability testing apparatus, the該地board material It is characterized by performing deaeration.
The water permeability test method according to claim 16 is characterized in that, in claim 15, at least one of the second and subsequent water permeability tests omits deaeration of the ground material before the water permeability test. Is.
The water permeability test method according to claim 17 is characterized in that the water permeability test method according to claim 15 or 16 is deaerated by a water immersion deaeration method or a water absorption deaeration method.
The water permeability test method according to claim 18 is characterized in that, in any one of claims 12 to 17 , the ground material is a rubber piece or a plastic particle.
A permeability test apparatus according to the present invention is a permeability test apparatus for obtaining a permeability coefficient in a laminar flow state of a ground material, and includes a water permeability cylinder into which a ground material is placed and a water inflow portion provided on one end side of the water permeability cylinder. In the water permeability test apparatus having a first lid and a second lid provided with a water outflow portion provided on the other end side of the water permeable cylinder, the water permeable cylinder includes the first cylinder portion and the first cylinder portion. A second cylindrical portion that is fitted on one end side or the other end side of the cylindrical portion, and the second cylindrical portion slides in the axial direction of the water-permeable cylinder, whereby the axial length of the water-permeable cylinder Is telescopic.
For this reason, the water permeability test in a different compression state can be performed without re-inserting the ground material into the water permeable cylinder and changing the arrangement state of the ground material. Therefore, it is possible to accurately evaluate the relationship between the compressed state of the ground material deformed by pressurization and the water permeability.
In addition, this 2nd cylindrical part may be externally fitted by the both ends of the 1st cylindrical part.
In the present invention, when two perforated plates are disposed between one end of the permeable cylinder and the first lid and between the other end of the permeable cylinder and the second lid, Water can flow evenly over the ground material.
In the present invention, one end of the first cylindrical portion is slidably fitted into the first cylindrical portion, and the other end is the end of the first cylindrical portion. A substantially cylindrical sleeve exposed from the portion, the other end side having a sleeve fixed to the second cylindrical portion, the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion It is possible to prevent the ground material from entering between and the second cylindrical portion from sliding.
The sleeve has a flange portion at the other end, the flange portion abuts on the end surface of the second cylindrical portion, and is sandwiched between the end surface of the second cylindrical portion and the first lid or perforated plate. In this case, the ground material turns around from the other end side of the sleeve and enters between the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion. Is reliably prevented.
The second cylindrical portion is a stopper that prevents the second cylindrical portion from being detached from the first cylindrical portion, and is provided on one surface of the inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the outer peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion. It is preferable to have a stopper comprising a concave portion and a convex portion provided on the other surface and disposed in the concave portion. In particular, the space in the concave portion is divided into two chambers, a first chamber and a second chamber, by the convex portion, and a hydraulic pump is connected to the first chamber and the second chamber. It is preferable that the second cylindrical portion is slidable by a differential pressure between the chamber and the second chamber.
The water permeability test apparatus of the present invention may be a constant water level permeability test apparatus or a variable water level permeability test apparatus.
The water permeability test apparatus of the present invention may be a vertical type whose vertical direction is vertical or a horizontal type which is horizontal.
The water permeability test method of the present invention is a water permeability test method for a ground material that is deformed by pressurization, and after the ground material is put in a container and the water permeability test of the ground material is performed, the volume of the container is at least 1 Since the water permeability test is performed after changing the compression state by changing the compression state of the ground material, the water permeability in a different compression state can be obtained without changing the arrangement state of the ground material by reinserting the ground material into the container. A test can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to accurately evaluate the relationship between the compressed state of the ground material deformed by compression and the water permeability.
In addition, you may perform a water permeability test in the state in change of each compression state.
In the water permeability test method of the present invention, the water permeability test is preferably a constant water level permeability test or a variable water level permeability test.
In addition, it is preferable to deaerate the ground material after the ground material is put in the container and before the first water permeability test. In this case, by water immersion deaeration method or water absorption deaeration method It is preferable to deaerate.
When conducting a permeability test in a different compression state using a permeation cylinder that does not expand or contract, it is necessary to take out the ground material in the permeability cylinder for each permeability test in each compression state, re-stamp and reinsert it so as to be in the compression state Therefore, it is necessary to perform deaeration for each water permeability test.
In the present invention, the compression state of the ground material can be changed without reinserting the ground material into the water permeable cylinder by expanding and contracting the axial length of the water permeable cylinder. Therefore, at least one of the second and subsequent water permeability tests may omit the degassing of the ground material before the water permeability test.
In the water permeability test method of the present invention, the container is the above water permeability test apparatus . The ground material is preferably rubber pieces or plastic particles.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a water permeability test method using a water permeability test apparatus according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the water-permeable cylinder and sleeve of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the permeable cylinder 1 includes a central first cylindrical portion 10 and second cylindrical portions 20 and 30 that are externally fitted to both ends of the first cylindrical portion 10.
Two annular convex portions 41 and 51 are provided on the outer peripheral surface in the vicinity of both ends of the first cylindrical portion 10. Concave portions 42 and 52 are provided around the inner peripheral surfaces of the second cylindrical portions 20 and 30, respectively. The convex portions 41 and 51 are disposed in the concave portions 42 and 52. The convex portion 41 and the concave portion 42 constitute a stopper 40, and the convex portion 51 and the concave portion 52 constitute a stopper 50. The concave portion 42 is partitioned into a first chamber 42 a and a second chamber 42 b by the convex portion 41, and the concave portion 52 is partitioned into a first chamber 52 a and a second chamber 52 b by the convex portion 51. Although not shown, an O-ring is provided between the convex portions 41 and 51 and the concave portions 42 and 52.
The first chamber 42a and the second chamber 42b of the stopper 40 and the first chamber 52a and the second chamber 52b of the stopper 50 are connected to a hydraulic pump (not shown) via pipes 22, 23, 32 and 33, respectively. In these stoppers 40 and 50, when the hydraulic pressure in the first chambers 42a and 52a is increased by operating the hydraulic pump, the second cylindrical portions 20 and 30 slide in the extending direction of the water-permeable cylinder 1. When the hydraulic pressure in the second chambers 42 b and 52 b is increased, the second cylindrical portions 20 and 30 slide in the shortening direction of the water permeable cylinder 1. Flange 21, 31 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 20, 30.
One ends of the sleeves 61 and 62 are fitted into the end of the first cylindrical portion 10. The other ends of the sleeves 61 and 62 are exposed from the first cylindrical portion 10, and flanges 61a and 62a are provided at the other ends. These flanges 61 a and 62 a are in contact with the end surfaces of the second cylindrical portions 20 and 30.
As shown in FIG. 1, an overflow port 4 a is provided in the upper part of the side surface of the bottomed cylindrical overflow water tank 4. A graduated cylinder 5 for measuring the amount of water flowing out of the overflow port 4a is disposed below the tip of the overflow port 4a.
A bottom lid 3 is placed in the overflow water tank 4. A leg portion 3b is provided on the bottom surface of the bottom lid 3, and an opening 3a as a water outflow portion is provided in the center.
A disc-shaped perforated plate 8 is placed on the bottom lid 3, and an annular filter collar 7 is placed on the perforated plate 8. In this filter collar 7, a filter 7a and a wire mesh 6 are arranged in this order.
On the filter collar 7, the water-permeable cylinder 1 in which sleeves 61 and 62 are fitted is placed.
Although not shown, an O-ring is disposed between the bottom cover 3 and the porous plate 8, the porous plate 8 and the filter collar 7 a, and between the filter collar 7 a and the sleeve 62. Moreover, the bolt hole is provided in the flange 31 and the bottom cover 3 of the 2nd cylindrical part 30, and the flange 31 and the bottom cover 3 are fastened by the bolt hole and the nut.
A ground material 9 is filled in the permeable cylinder 1. The ground material 9 is, for example, a compressible material that is deformed by compression of rubber pieces such as waste tire chips and shreds or plastic particles.
The filter collar 7 is placed on the sleeve 61, and the wire mesh 6 and the filter 7a are arranged in this order in the filter collar 7.
A perforated plate 8 is placed on the filter collar 7, and a water-permeable cylindrical collar 2 as an upper lid is placed thereon.
Although illustration is omitted, an O-ring is disposed between the sleeve 61 and the filter collar 7 a, the filter collar 7 a and the porous plate 8, and the porous plate 8 and the water-permeable cylindrical collar 2. Further, a flange 2a is provided in the lower part of the water-permeable cylindrical collar 2, and a bolt hole is provided in the flange 2a and the flange 21 of the second cylindrical portion 20, and the flange 2a and the flange 21 are fastened by bolts and nuts. Has been.
Pipes 2c and 2d are connected to the top plate portion 2b of the permeable cylindrical collar 2, the pipe 2c is connected to a water tank (not shown), and the pipe 2d is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown). An overflow port 2 e is provided in the upper part of the side surface of the permeable cylindrical collar 2.
Next, the water level permeability test method using the thus configured permeability test apparatus will be described.
[Deaeration of specimen (ground material)]
In this embodiment, deaeration is performed by the following water immersion deaeration method. In addition, it is preferable that the water to be used is water deaerated sufficiently by boiling or reduced pressure.
Water is supplied into the overflow tank 4 and overflowed from the overflow port 4a. Water is poured into the permeable cylindrical collar 2 from the pipe 2c, and after the water overflows from the overflow port 2e, the overflow port 2e is sealed with a cap (not shown). Further, water is added to fill the permeable cylindrical collar 2 with water. Next, the supply of water from the pipe 2c is stopped, the vacuum pump is driven, and the inside of the permeable cylinder 1 and the permeable cylinder collar 2 is gradually depressurized through the pipe 2d. After confirming that bubbles are not contained in the water discharged from the permeable cylinder 1 through the pipe 2d, the vacuum pump is stopped, and the pressure in the permeable cylinder 1 and the permeable cylinder collar 2 is gradually returned to atmospheric pressure.
[First permeability test]
Fill overflow tank 4 with water. Next, water in the water tank is injected into the permeable cylindrical collar 2 through the pipe 2c, and water is allowed to overflow from the overflow port 2e, so that the water level in the permeable cylindrical collar 2 is kept constant.
The water injected into the permeable cylinder 2 flows into the permeable cylinder 1 through the perforated plate 8 provided at the upper part of the permeable cylinder 1, the filter 7 a, and the wire mesh 6, and further provided at the lower part of the permeable cylinder 1. It flows into the overflow tank 4 from the opening 3 a of the bottom lid 3 through the wire mesh 6, the filter 7 and the perforated plate 8. The water flows out from the overflow port 4 a of the overflow tank 4.
Waiting for the overflow rate flowing out from the overflow port 4 a of the overflow tank 4 to be substantially constant, the amount Q (cm 3 ) of effluent water from time t 1 to t 2 is measured with the graduated cylinder 5. The measurement is performed 3 times or more.
The difference h (cm) between the water level of the permeable cylindrical collar 2 and the water level of the overflow tank 4 is measured. The temperature T (° C.) in the overflow tank 4 is measured.
The water content ratio w of the ground material (specimen) 9 after the test is obtained. However, in the case of a sample with low water retention, it may be omitted.
The dry density, gap ratio, and saturation of the specimen are calculated by the following formula.
ρ d = m / {A · L (1 + w / 100)}
e = ρ s / ρ d −1
S r = (wρ s ) / (eρ w )
Where ρ d : dry density (g / cm 3 )
e: Gap ratio
Sr : degree of saturation (%)
m: Mass of the specimen (g)
A: Cross-sectional area of specimen (cm 2 )
L: Length of specimen (cm)
w: Water content (%)
ρ s : density of soil particles determined by JIS A 1202 (g / cm 3 )
ρ w : density of water (g / cm 3 )
The water permeability coefficient at the water temperature T (° C.) at the time of measurement is calculated by the following formula.
k T = L / h × Q / {A (t 2 −t 1 )}
Where k T : hydraulic conductivity at T ° C. (cm / s)
h: Water level difference (cm)
Q: Outflow water volume (cm 3 )
t 2 -t 1 : Measurement time (s)
The water permeability coefficient at a temperature of 15 ° C. is calculated by the following formula.
k 15 = k T × η T / η 15
Here, R 15 : water permeability coefficient at a temperature of 15 ° C. (cm / s)
η T / η 15 : a correction coefficient for obtaining a water permeability coefficient at a temperature of 15 ° C.
Obtained from Table 1 of JIS A 1218: 1998.
[Second permeability test]
After completion of the first water permeability test, the injection of water from the water tank to the water permeable cylindrical collar 2 is stopped. The hydraulic pump is operated to apply hydraulic pressure to one or both of the second chambers 42b and 52b. When hydraulic pressure is applied to the second chamber 42b or 52b, the permeable cylinder 1 is shortened and the ground material 9 in the permeable cylinder 1 is compressed. Thereafter, the water permeability test is performed in the same manner as the first water permeability test.
The third and subsequent water permeability tests are performed in the same manner as the second water permeability test.
In the above embodiment, the water permeability test apparatus is a vertical type, but it may be a horizontal type as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a water permeability test method using a water permeability test apparatus according to another embodiment.
The water-permeable cylinder 1 and the sleeves 61 and 62 in FIG. 3 are the same as the water-permeable cylinder in FIG. 2, and the same reference numerals denote the same parts. The permeable cylinder 1 is placed so that the axial direction is horizontal.
Sleeves 61 and 62 are fitted into both ends of the water-permeable cylinder 1, and the ground material 9 is filled in the water-permeable cylinder 1. A first lid 71 and a second lid 72 are disposed at both ends of the water-permeable cylinder 1. The flange of the sleeve 61 is sandwiched between the end surface of the second cylindrical portion 20 and the first lid 71, and the flange of the sleeve 62 is sandwiched between the end surface of the second cylindrical portion 30 and the second lid 72. Although illustration is omitted, the peripheral edge of the first lid 71 and the flange 21 of the second cylindrical portion 20 are fastened by bolts and nuts. Similarly, the periphery of the second lid 72 and the flange 31 of the second cylindrical portion 30 are fastened by bolts and nuts.
The first lid 71 is connected to the water pipe 73 via the pipe 71a and is connected to the piezometer 74 via the pipe 71b. The second lid 62 is connected to the water tank 76 via a pipe 72a and is connected to the piezometer 75 via a pipe 72b.
A volumetric flask 77 is disposed below the overflow port 76 a of the water tank 76.
When performing a water permeability test using the water permeability test apparatus having such a configuration, after degassing the inside of the water permeable cylinder 1 as necessary, water is injected into the water permeable cylinder 1 from the water pipe 73 through the pipe 71a, and the pipe 72a. Through the water tank 76.
Waiting for the amount of water flowing out from the overflow port 76a of the water tank 76 to become substantially constant, the amount of outflow water at a predetermined time is measured with a measuring cylinder. The water level difference h between the piezometer 74 and the piezometer 75 is measured. From these results, the hydraulic conductivity is calculated in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
After conducting the first water permeability test, the injection of water from the water flow pipe 73 to the water permeable cylinder 1 is stopped, and the hydraulic pump is operated to shorten the axial length of the water permeable cylinder 1. Next, the second water permeability test is performed in the same manner as the first time. From the third time onward, the water permeability test is performed in the same manner as the second time.
In addition, since the degree of saturation in the water permeable cylinder 1 is increased by deaeration before the first water permeability test, the deaeration process may be omitted after the second time.
In the present embodiment, the water-permeable cylinder 1 is placed horizontally, but the first lid 71 may be placed higher or lower than the second lid 72 and the water-permeable cylinder 1 may be placed inclined.
The above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, the water permeability test apparatus and the water permeability test method for the constant water level permeability test have been described. However, in the variable level permeability test apparatus of FIG. 3 of JIS A1218: 1998, this embodiment is implemented instead of the water permeability cylinder of FIG. It is good also as what uses the water-permeable cylinder 1 of the form of this invention as the water-permeable test apparatus of this invention. In this case, first, deaeration is performed according to the description of JIS A1218: 1998, and then the first water permeability test is performed according to the description of JIS A1218: 1998. After completion of the first water permeability test, the hydraulic pump is operated to apply hydraulic pressure to one or both of the first chambers 42a and 52a or one or both of the second chambers 42b and 52b to change the compression state of the ground material. Thereafter, the second water permeability test is performed in the same manner as the first water permeability test. The third and subsequent water permeability tests are performed in the same manner as the second water permeability test.
In the embodiment described above, deaeration is performed by the water immersion deaeration method, but deaeration may be performed by the feed water deaeration method.
In the said embodiment, although the 2nd cylindrical part was provided in the both ends of the water-permeable cylinder, you may provide a 2nd cylindrical part in one end.
In the above embodiment, the water permeation test was performed by gradually shortening the water permeation cylinder. However, the water permeation test may be performed by gradually extending the water permeation test. Further, the water permeability test may be performed by repeatedly shortening and extending. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, compression and decompression may be repeated, and the relationship between the number of compressions and the hydraulic conductivity may be tested. Further, the water permeability test may be performed in the process of expanding and contracting the water permeable cylinder.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water-permeable cylinder 2 Water-permeable cylinder color 3 Bottom cover 4 Overflow water tank 5 Female cylinder 6 Gold steel 7 Filter 7a Filter spacer 8 Perforated board 9 Ground material 10 1st cylindrical part 20,30 2nd cylindrical part 40,50 Stopper 61, 62 Sleeve 71 First lid 72 Second lid 73 Water pipe 74,75 Piezometer 76 Water tank 77 Volumetric flask
Claims (18)
- A permeability test apparatus for obtaining a permeability coefficient in a laminar flow state of a ground material, wherein the permeability cylinder puts the ground material, a first lid provided with an inflow portion of water provided at one end side of the permeability cylinder, In the water permeability test apparatus having a second lid provided with a water outflow portion provided on the other end side of the water permeable cylinder,
The water-permeable cylinder has a first cylinder portion and a second cylinder portion fitted on one end side or the other end side of the first cylinder portion, and the second cylinder portion is arranged in the axial direction of the water-permeable cylinder. A water permeation test apparatus characterized in that the axial length of the water permeation cylinder can be expanded and contracted by sliding. - A permeability test apparatus for obtaining a permeability coefficient in a laminar flow state of a ground material, wherein the permeability cylinder puts the ground material, a first lid provided with an inflow portion of water provided at one end side of the permeability cylinder, In the water permeability test apparatus having a second lid provided with a water outflow portion provided on the other end side of the water permeable cylinder,
The water-permeable cylinder has a first cylinder part and two second cylinder parts fitted on both ends of the first cylinder part, and each second cylinder part slides in the axial direction of the water-permeable cylinder. By doing so, the axial direction length of the water-permeable cylinder can be expanded and contracted. - 3. A perforated plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a perforated plate is disposed between one end of the permeable cylinder and the first lid and between the other end of the permeable cylinder and the second lid. Permeability test equipment.
- In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3, the end part side in which this 2nd cylindrical part is provided among this 1st cylindrical part, and one end side is slidably fitted in this 1st cylindrical part, A water permeability test apparatus, comprising: a sleeve having a substantially cylindrical shape, the other end of which is exposed from an end of the first cylindrical portion, the other end being fixed to the second cylindrical portion.
- 5. The sleeve according to claim 4, wherein the other end of the sleeve is a flange portion, the flange portion abuts on an end surface of the second cylindrical portion, and the end surface of the second cylindrical portion and the first lid or perforated plate. The water permeability test device is fixed to the second cylindrical portion by being sandwiched between the two.
- 6. The stopper according to claim 1, wherein the stopper prevents the second cylindrical portion from being detached from the first cylindrical portion, and includes an inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the second cylinder. A water permeation test apparatus comprising: a stopper including a concave portion provided on one surface of the outer peripheral surface of the portion and a convex portion provided on the other surface and disposed in the concave portion.
- In Claim 6, the space in the recess is partitioned into two chambers, a first chamber and a second chamber, by the projection.
A hydraulic pump is connected to the first chamber and the second chamber, and the second cylindrical portion is slidable by a differential pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber. Test equipment. - 8. The water permeation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water permeation test apparatus is a constant water level permeation test apparatus.
- 8. The water permeation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water permeation test apparatus is a water level permeability test apparatus.
- 10. The water permeability test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water permeability test apparatus is a vertical type whose axial direction is vertical.
- 10. The water permeability test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water permeability test apparatus is a horizontal type whose axial direction is horizontal.
- A permeability test method for a ground material that is deformed by pressurization, wherein after the ground material is placed in a container and subjected to a permeability test, the volume of the container is changed at least once to change the volume of the ground material. A permeability test method for conducting a permeability test after a change in compression state ,
12. The water permeability test method according to claim 1, wherein the container is the water permeability test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11 . - A permeability test method for a ground material that is deformed by pressurization, wherein the ground material is placed in a container, the volume of the container is changed at least once to change the compression state of the ground material, and the compression state is changing. A permeability test method for conducting a permeability test in
12. The water permeability test method according to claim 1, wherein the container is the water permeability test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11 . - 14. The water permeability test method according to claim 12, wherein the water permeability test is a constant water level permeability test or a variable water level permeability test.
- In any one of claims 12 to 14, before making the initial permeability test even after having put the該地board material in the permeability testing apparatus, and performs degassing of該地board material Permeability test method.
- 16. The water permeability test method according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the second and subsequent water permeability tests omits deaeration of the ground material before the water permeability test.
- The water permeability test method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the water permeability is deaerated by a water immersion deaeration method or a water absorption deaeration method.
- The water permeability test method according to any one of claims 12 to 17 , wherein the ground material is a rubber piece or a plastic particle.
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| JP2005310089A JP4765548B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2005-10-25 | Permeability test apparatus and permeability test method |
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| CN103196808A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-07-10 | 山东大学 | Water seepage collecting and testing system for fluid-solid coupling test |
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| CN101344515B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2011-10-05 | 成都理工大学 | Permeability coefficient determinator |
| JP5904576B2 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2016-04-13 | 大起理化工業株式会社 | Permeability test equipment and permeability test equipment |
| CN102830060B (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2015-07-22 | 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Multifunctional rock expansion tester |
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| KR102084587B1 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-03-04 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Equipment and procedure to evaluate the coefficient of horizontal permeability of permeable pavements with varying hydraulic gradient |
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| JPH0545173B2 (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1993-07-08 | Tokyo Electric Power Co | |
| JP3210923B2 (en) * | 1992-02-03 | 2001-09-25 | 株式会社東京ソイルリサーチ | Visualized triaxial piping test apparatus and test method |
| JP2000214161A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-04 | Maruto Seisakusho:Kk | Water-permeability/gas-permeability test device and seal structure of specimen for it |
| JP2001349813A (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-21 | Ohbayashi Corp | Water cutoff structure for testing water permeation, effective stress, hydraulic fracturing or the like in lock bed tester |
| JP2003090386A (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-28 | Bridgestone Corp | Vibrationproof engineering method |
| JP3923954B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-06-06 | 飛島建設株式会社 | Consolidation permeability test apparatus and test method |
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| CN103196808A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-07-10 | 山东大学 | Water seepage collecting and testing system for fluid-solid coupling test |
| CN103196808B (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2015-04-22 | 山东大学 | Water seepage collecting and testing system for fluid-solid coupling test |
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