CN1963454A - Apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny - Google Patents
Apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny Download PDFInfo
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- CN1963454A CN1963454A CN 200610053952 CN200610053952A CN1963454A CN 1963454 A CN1963454 A CN 1963454A CN 200610053952 CN200610053952 CN 200610053952 CN 200610053952 A CN200610053952 A CN 200610053952A CN 1963454 A CN1963454 A CN 1963454A
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- end cap
- crack
- water
- capillary
- unsaturated seepage
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004858 capillary barrier Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
This invention discloses one rock crack unsaturated flow test device, which comprises Ma bottle put at first electron balance connected to first end cap through water soft tube and the end cap is set with capillary isolation grating, air hole with gas-in tank, wherein, the first end cap is put on elevator with second end cap relative to first one; the second end cap and capillary grating are connected with second stress meter, water out tube with other end connected to organic glass cylinder; the top end of organic cylinder is connected to organic cup onto second electron balance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mass hydraulics test field, relate in particular to a kind of apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny.
Background technology
Occurring in nature exists and a large amount of infiltrate the crack rock unsaturated seepage problem that causes such as rainfall (or atomizing rain) and remain further investigation.The crack is the main thoroughfare of rock mass seepage flow, and it starts to control making usefulness to the waterpower behavior of crack rock, so the research of simple check crack unsaturated seepage is the basic problem and the theoretical foundation of the research of crack rock unsaturated seepage.Because the analytical approach of general over-borrowing mirror porous medium unsaturated seepage when simulation crack rock unsaturated seepage, its governing equation identical (or similar) is in the governing equation-Richards equation of porous medium unsaturated seepage.Therefore when carrying out the numerical analysis of crack rock unsaturated seepage, the most key is the foundation of simple check crack capillary pressure～saturation degree and unsaturation infiltration coefficient～capillary pressure relation.At present when measuring above-mentioned two simple check crack unsaturated water force parameters, main still by means of water-oily quasi-stable state displacement test and the test of water-oil (or water-gas) two-phase flow, and unsaturated seepage refers to and has only water to flow, gas phase only occupies the flowing space and does not flow, and therefore the existing measured simple check crack unsaturated water force parameter of test unit of utilization can not be directly used in the analysis of crack rock unsaturated seepage.
In order to reach unsaturated seepage state truly, the present invention uses for reference the test method of porous medium unsaturated seepage, based on the dynamic method principle, has developed one and has overlapped the apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment that can be used for measuring simple check crack unsaturated water force parameter.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny.
It has the Ma Shi bottle, the Ma Shi bottle is placed on first electronic balance, the Ma Shi bottle joins through the water supply hose and first end cap, in end cap, be provided with capillary barrier, air hole, be provided with the air inlet sulculus in the capillary barrier, the air inlet sulculus communicates with air hole, first end cap, be connected with first tensiometer on the capillary barrier, first end cap is placed on the lifting table, on lifting table, be placed with second end cap, second end cap with the first end cap corresponding section, be connected with second tensiometer on the capillary barrier, delivery hose, the delivery hose other end and organic glass tube join, organic glass tube upper end joins through run-down pipe and organic glass cup, and the organic glass cup is placed on second electronic balance.
Described capillary barrier is selected porous mortar for use.Porous mortar is by water: cement: sand=1.3～1.5: 1: 4～6 cooperate to build and form.The particle diameter of sand is 0.315～0.63mm.
The present invention is simple in structure, and is easy and simple to handle, solved the deficiency of traditional water-gas, water-oily two-phase flow test unit or quasi-stable state displacement test device, can record crack unsaturated water force parameter truly, the test accuracy height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is capillary barrier of the present invention and end cap synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, shown in 2, apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny has Ma Shi bottle 1, the Ma Shi bottle is placed on first electronic balance 2, the Ma Shi bottle joins through the water supply hose 3 and first end cap 4, in end cap, be provided with capillary barrier 6, air hole 15, be provided with air inlet sulculus 16 in the capillary barrier, the air inlet sulculus communicates with air hole, first end cap, be connected with first tensiometer 8 on the capillary barrier, first end cap is placed on the lifting table 14, on lifting table, be placed with second end cap 5 with the first end cap corresponding section, second end cap, be connected with second tensiometer 9 on the capillary barrier, delivery hose 7, the delivery hose other end and organic glass tube 10 join, and organic glass tube upper end joins through run-down pipe 11 and organic glass cup 12, and the organic glass cup is placed on second electronic balance 13.
Implementation process of the present invention is: press end cap size well cutting crack test specimen, place between two end caps crack test specimen and clamping, the dual-side that the crack test specimen is parallel to current direction is coated with epoxy resin in case leak.Allow full water such as crack and capillary barrier earlier; Use test specimen position, lifting table lifting crack again, make that water pressure becomes certain negative value in the crack, by capillary sticking theory as can be known, the crack will begin draining.From lifting zero hour, the water yield variable quantity in the measuring and calculating identical period of plurality of adjacent in water-supply quantity, the water yield of catchmenting and the tensiometer is until steady flow condition (think to flow during water yield variable quantity sum in water-supply quantity in certain period equals to catchment the water yield and tensiometer and reached steady state (SS)).By principle of water balance as can be known, the accumulative total difference of the water yield variable quantity sum in water-supply quantity and the catchment water yield and the tensiometer is the water yield that the crack is discharged under the effect of this grade capillary pressure, according to the saturation moisture content in crack, can try to achieve the pairing crack of this grade capillary pressure saturation degree.Record the interior water yield of given period behind mobile the stablizing,, can try to achieve the unsaturation infiltration coefficient of crack under this grade capillary pressure again according to average aperture, length and the width in Darcy's law and crack by the crack.Lifting crack test specimen step by step repeats above-mentioned steps, can survey the capillary pressure～saturation degree when trying to achieve the draining of a series of cracks and the relation data point of unsaturation infiltration coefficient～capillary pressure.In like manner, from test specimen extreme higher position, crack, utilize lifting table to reduce test specimen position, crack (crack will begin suction) step by step, can survey the capillary pressure～saturation degree when trying to achieve the suction of a series of cracks and the relation data point of unsaturation infiltration coefficient～capillary pressure.
As shown in Figure 1, the capillary pressure h of water in the crack of certain test specimen position, crack correspondence
cFor:
In the formula: h
1Be the discrepancy in elevation of the fissure-plane and the first tensiometer middle water level, the i.e. capillary pressure of crack influent side; h
2Be the discrepancy in elevation of the fissure-plane and the second tensiometer middle water level, the i.e. capillary pressure of crack water outlet side; h
cAverage capillary pressure value for water in the crack.
(corresponding capillary pressure is h by position 1 when the crack test specimen
C1) 2 (corresponding capillary pressure is h to the position in lifting (or reduce)
C2) time, by capillary sticking theory as can be known, the crack is with draining (or suction), and current need just can reach new steady flow condition after after a while in it.Note gw
1, gw
2..., gw
nFor after lifting (or reduce) beginning current in the crack reach new steady flow condition, the water-supply quantity in n adjacent period (by at the beginning of the period and period Mo first electronic balance reading the difference conversion and get); Jw
1, jw
2..., jw
nFor after lifting (or reduce) beginning current in the crack reach new steady flow condition, the water yield of catchmenting in n adjacent period (by at the beginning of the period and period Mo second electronic balance reading the difference conversion and get); Zw
1, zw
2..., zw
nFor after lifting (or reduce) beginning current in the crack reach new steady flow condition, the variable quantity of the water yield in n adjacent period internal tension meter (according at the beginning of the period and period Mo two tensiometer SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS DURING value try to achieve, increase to just).According to principle of water balance, capillary pressure is by h
C1Become h
C2After, promptly corresponding to capillary pressure h
C2Crack water discharge (or water absorbing capacity) Δ θ be:
Δθ＝|(jw+zw)-gw| (2)
In the formula: jw=jw
1+ jw
2+ ...+jw
n, zw=zw
1+ zw
2+ ...+zw
n, gw=gw
1+ gw
2+ ... + gw
n
The same, change the relation data point that test specimen position, crack elevation can be tried to achieve a series of capillary pressures and crack water discharge (or water absorbing capacity).
Try to achieve every grade of pairing saturation degree of capillary pressure, also need know the saturation moisture content in crack.For rock cranny, because the water cut of sillar wants big many than the water cut in crack, so the saturation moisture content that the method (as Neutron Moisture instrument method, X ray damped method etc.) of porous medium water cut can not be used to measure the crack is measured in traditional being used to.The way here is: the water discharge under the accumulative total capillary pressures at different levels, multiply by the saturation moisture content of 1.05 (irreducible water saturation in natural crack is generally about 5%, so multiply by 1.05) as the crack again.According to the water discharge (or water absorbing capacity) in crack under saturation moisture content and the capillary pressure at different levels, just can try to achieve the crack saturation degree of certain grade of capillary pressure correspondence.
Under every grade of capillary pressure, wait to flow stable after, record in the given period by the water yield in crack the unsaturation infiltration coefficient in the time of can trying to achieve a series of cracks draining (or suction) and the relation data point of capillary pressure.
The computing formula of saturated (or unsaturation) osmotic coefficient k is as follows:
In the formula: w is the interior water yield (cm by the crack of period t
3); L is crack length (cm); A is crack width (cm); B is the average aperture (cm) in crack, refers to the mechanics aperture here; h
1, h
2Meaning cotype (1).
Claims (4)
1, a kind of apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny, it is characterized in that, it has Ma Shi bottle (1), the Ma Shi bottle is placed on first electronic balance (2), the Ma Shi bottle joins through water supply hose (3) and first end cap (4), in end cap, be provided with capillary barrier (6), air hole (15), be provided with air inlet sulculus (16) in the capillary barrier, first end cap, be connected with first tensiometer (8) on the capillary barrier, first end cap is placed on the lifting table (14), on lifting table, be placed with second end cap (5) with the first end cap corresponding section, second end cap, be connected with second tensiometer (9) on the capillary barrier, delivery hose (7), the delivery hose other end and organic glass tube (10) join, and organic glass tube upper end joins through run-down pipe (11) and organic glass cup (12), and the organic glass cup is placed on second electronic balance (13).
2, a kind of apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described capillary barrier (6) is selected porous mortar for use.
3, a kind of apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described porous mortar is by water: cement: sand=1.3～1.5: 1: 4～6 cooperate to build and form.
4, a kind of apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described sand is 0.315～0.63mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610053952 CN1963454A (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2006-10-25 | Apparatus for unsaturated seepage experiment of rock cranny |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101487787B (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2011-10-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for fast confirming hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil |
| CN103149339A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Single fracture unsaturated seepage test system |
| CN103471953A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Automatic test system and test method for testing surface capillary water absorption of concrete |
| CN104535724A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for measuring leakoff coefficient of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid |
| CN104749023A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 | 中南大学 | Testing device and testing method for simulating hydrodynamic pressure action in rock fracture |
| CN105547967A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-04 | 成都理工大学 | Indoor measuring device for permeability tensor of fissure medium system |
| CN106630812A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-05-10 | 绍兴文理学院 | Capillary barrier material for rock mass fracture unsaturated seepage test and manufacturing process |
| CN107014735A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | A kind of multifunctional rock crack infiltration experiment system |
| CN108709843A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Test system and test method for measuring multiphase seepage characteristics of rock fracture |
| CN109612907A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-12 | 太原理工大学 | Fractured coal and rock testing permeability experimental rig and method |
-
2006
- 2006-10-25 CN CN 200610053952 patent/CN1963454A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101487787B (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2011-10-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for fast confirming hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil |
| CN103149339B (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Single fracture unsaturated seepage test system |
| CN103149339A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Single fracture unsaturated seepage test system |
| CN103471953A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Automatic test system and test method for testing surface capillary water absorption of concrete |
| CN104535724B (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-02-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Measure the device and method of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid leak coefficient |
| CN104535724A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for measuring leakoff coefficient of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid |
| CN104749023A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 | 中南大学 | Testing device and testing method for simulating hydrodynamic pressure action in rock fracture |
| CN105547967A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-04 | 成都理工大学 | Indoor measuring device for permeability tensor of fissure medium system |
| CN105547967B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2019-04-02 | 成都理工大学 | Fissuted medium system permeability tensor indoor measurement device |
| CN106630812A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-05-10 | 绍兴文理学院 | Capillary barrier material for rock mass fracture unsaturated seepage test and manufacturing process |
| CN107014735A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | A kind of multifunctional rock crack infiltration experiment system |
| CN108709843A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Test system and test method for measuring multiphase seepage characteristics of rock fracture |
| CN109612907A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-12 | 太原理工大学 | Fractured coal and rock testing permeability experimental rig and method |
| CN109612907B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-11-16 | 太原理工大学 | Testing device and method for permeability test of fractured coal rock mass |
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Open date: 20070516 |