JP4696980B2 - Hollow material manufacturing apparatus and hollow material manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hollow material manufacturing apparatus and a hollow material manufacturing method, and in particular, an extruded portion that extrudes a material, and a mandrel that is disposed opposite to the extruded material and forms a hollow in the extruded material. The extruded portion and the mandrel are arranged by providing a shear deformation processing path for bending and extruding the extruded material and shearing the extruded material through the shear deformation processing path. The present invention relates to a hollow material manufacturing apparatus and a hollow material manufacturing method for manufacturing a controlled hollow material.

  A hollow material such as a pipe material (pipe) manufactured using a light metal material such as an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy is manufactured by, for example, extrusion. And the manufacturing apparatus of the hollow material which manufactures a hollow material by an extrusion process, for example, the extrusion part which extrudes materials (burette), such as an aluminum alloy and a magnesium alloy, and the mandrel for forming a hollow in the extruded material, It has. The mandrel is arranged by providing a shear deformation processing path for applying shear strain by subjecting the extruded material such as a rolling roll or a die to shear deformation. And the hollow material in which the crystal grain was refined | miniaturized is manufactured by the high strain process which carries out the shear deformation of the extruded raw material through a shear deformation process path.

  In Patent Document 1, a mandrel having a large-diameter shaft portion connected at an obtuse angle between the frustoconical portion and the periphery of the frusto-conical portion, and a pipe material passage is formed between the large-diameter shaft portion. A machining section including a ring-shaped die formed and a plurality of substantially roll-shaped machining rolls arranged so as to form a machining passage communicating with the pipe material passage between the ring-shaped die and the periphery of the frustoconical portion; The structure control apparatus provided with the pushing part which pushes a metal pipe raw material into an axial direction with respect to the part is shown. Patent Document 1 discloses that a pipe material is continuously given shear deformation by an ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) method at an obtuse angle portion while passing the pipe material back and forth through the tissue control device. It is shown that a high-strain processing that changes at least the pipe diameter is repeatedly applied to the pipe material.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the ECAP method is a process for applying high shear strain using a curved flow path (die cavity) having a certain angle such as a right angle, and a solidified material is added to a right or inclined die cavity. This is a method of plastically processing a workpiece so as to give a high shear strain at an angle portion by feeding and extruding and drawing, and it has been shown that refinement of crystal grains can be achieved by strong processing.

JP 2004-174563 A JP 2003-1321 A

  When manufacturing a hollow material with the above structure control apparatuses, a raw material may be limited to a pipe material etc. In addition, when performing structure control for refining the crystal grains of the hollow material by strong strain processing such as the ECAP method, it is necessary to repeatedly perform shear deformation processing on the material. In the above-described tissue control device, the material is caused to undergo one shear deformation by passing the material once through the tissue control device. For this reason, in order to repeatedly perform shear deformation processing on the material, the productivity of the hollow material decreases, the manufacturing cost increases, and the like, for example, the number of shear deformation processing increases and a plurality of structure control devices are introduced in one line. There is a case.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hollow material manufacturing apparatus and a hollow material manufacturing method that further improve the productivity of the hollow material and further suppress the manufacturing cost.

  An apparatus for producing a hollow material according to the present invention includes an extrusion unit that extrudes a material, and a mandrel that is disposed opposite to the extruded material and forms a hollow in the extruded material, and the extrusion unit and the mandrel are A hollow for producing a hollow material whose structure is controlled by arranging a shear deformation processing path to bend and deform the extruded material through shear deformation and passing the extruded material through the shear deformation processing path. In the material manufacturing apparatus, the extruded portion and the mandrel each include a plurality of steps, and the shear deformation processing path is arranged to have a plurality of bends.

  The hollow material manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is characterized by having a mandrel rotating means for rotating the mandrel.

  A method for producing a hollow material according to the present invention includes an extrusion part that extrudes a material, and a mandrel that is disposed opposite to the extruded material and forms a hollow in the extruded material, and the extrusion part and the mandrel are A hollow for producing a hollow material whose structure is controlled by arranging a shear deformation processing path to bend and deform the extruded material through shear deformation and passing the extruded material through the shear deformation processing path. A material manufacturing apparatus, wherein the extruded portion and the mandrel each include a plurality of steps, and the hollow material is manufactured by the hollow material manufacturing apparatus arranged so that the shear deformation processing path has a plurality of bends. Features.

  According to the hollow material manufacturing apparatus and the hollow material manufacturing method, the productivity of the hollow material can be further improved, and the manufacturing cost can be further suppressed.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a hollow material manufacturing apparatus 10. The hollow material manufacturing apparatus 10 includes an extruding unit 14 for extruding the material 12 and a mandrel 16 for forming a hollow in the extruded material 12.

  For the material 12, light metal material such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy, copper or copper alloy is used. Of course, depending on other conditions, the material 12 is not limited to these light metal materials, and iron, iron alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, or the like can be used. The material 12 is manufactured by, for example, melting an ingot such as an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy, then casting and processing it into a predetermined shape. For the material 12, for example, a cylindrical bar or the like is used. Moreover, the raw material 12 may be preheated by a heating furnace or the like so as to have a predetermined temperature in order to extrude hot.

  The container 18 is a pressure container that stores the material 12 and is disposed in the extrusion unit 14. The container 18 has a material storage chamber 20 in which the material 12 is stored. When the material 12 is a cylindrical bar, the material storage chamber 20 preferably has a substantially circular cross section. Of course, depending on other conditions, the cross-sectional shape of the material storage chamber 20 is not limited to a substantially circular shape. Further, a solid lubricant can be applied to the material 12 in order to suppress heat generation due to friction between the material 12 and the inner wall of the container 18.

  The container 18 is disposed by providing a mandrel 16 and a shear deformation processing path 22 that bends the extruded material 12 to be subjected to shear deformation. The container 18 includes a plurality of steps 24 connected to the material storage chamber 20 on the side of the material storage chamber 20 on which the material 12 is extruded in order to provide the shear deformation processing path 22 with the mandrel 16. And the cross-sectional shape in each step 24 is a substantially circular shape, when a hollow material is a pipe material. Of course, depending on other conditions, the cross-sectional shape of each step 24 is not limited to a substantially circular shape. The hollow material manufacturing apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a container 18 including three stages 24. Of course, the number of stages included in the container 18 is not limited to three.

  The angle α in each stage 24 included in the container 18 is preferably substantially perpendicular. By setting the angle α to a substantially right angle, it is possible to cause a greater shear deformation by the extruded material 12 and to impart a greater shear strain. Of course, depending on other conditions, the angle α in each step 24 included in the container 18 may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and is not limited to a substantially right angle. Processing of the step 24 included in the container 18 can be performed by general machining.

  The container 18 is heated by a heating device such as a heater (not shown). By heating the container 18, the material 12 stored in the material storage chamber 20 of the container 18 can be heated and extruded hot. When the material 12 is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the extrusion temperature of the material 12 is preferably about 250 ° C. or higher and about 550 ° C. or lower. Of course, depending on other conditions, the extrusion temperature of the material 12 is not limited to this temperature range. The material of the container 18 can be hot working tool steel, heat resistant steel, refractory metal material, or the like.

  The stem 26 has a function of extruding the material 12 stored in the material storage chamber 20 of the container 18, and is disposed in the extrusion unit 14. The stem 26 is inserted into the material storage chamber 20 from one end of the container 18. The stem 26 can apply a compressive force to the material 12 by transmitting a pressing force such as a ram (not shown) to the material 12 stored in the material storage chamber 20. Further, the stem 26 is attached with a disk 28 or a dummy block to be brought into contact with the material 12 at the tip thereof. The stem 26 can extrude the material 12 in the arrow direction 29 at a predetermined extrusion pressure and a predetermined extrusion speed. As the stem 26 or the like, a general stem 26 or the like used in extrusion processing of a light metal material or the like can be used.

  The mandrel 16 has a function of forming a hollow in the extruded material 12 and is disposed so as to face the extruded material 12. The cross-sectional shape of the mandrel 16 is a substantially circular shape when a tube material is manufactured as a hollow material. Of course, depending on other conditions, the cross-sectional shape of the mandrel 16 is not limited to a substantially circular shape.

  The mandrel 16 is provided with a container 18 of the extruding portion 14 and a shear deformation processing path 22 that bends the extruded material 12 and shears it. The mandrel 16 includes a plurality of steps 30 at the tip of the mandrel 16 in order to provide the container 18 and the shear deformation processing path 22. The hollow material manufacturing apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a stepped mandrel 16 including three steps 30. Of course, the number of stages included in the mandrel 16 is not limited to three.

  The angle β at each stage 30 included in the mandrel 16 is preferably substantially perpendicular. By setting the angle β to a substantially right angle, it is possible to cause a greater shear deformation to the extruded material 12 and to impart a greater shear strain. Of course, depending on other conditions, the angle β at each stage 30 included in the mandrel 16 may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and is not limited to a substantially right angle. The processing of the step 30 in the mandrel 16 can be performed by general machining.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the container 18 and the mandrel 16 of the extruding unit 14 include a plurality of stages 24 included in the container 18 and a plurality of stages 30 included in the mandrel 16. It arrange | positions so that it may have a bend. Thereby, the extruded material 12 can be passed through the shear deformation processing path 22 having a plurality of bends, and the extruded material 12 can be repeatedly subjected to shear deformation. And it is possible to apply a large shear strain to the extruded material 12 and perform a high strain process by a single extrusion process.

  The shear deformation processing path 22 is preferably bent at a substantially right angle in order to give a larger shear strain to the extruded material 12. In order to make the bending of the shear deformation processing path 22 substantially perpendicular, the container 18 and the mandrel 16 have an angle α of a plurality of steps 24 included in the container 18 and an angle of a plurality of steps 30 included in the mandrel 16. As shown in FIG. 1, β are arranged substantially at right angles. Of course, depending on other conditions, the angle of bending in the shear deformation processing path 22 may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and is not limited to a substantially right angle. In FIG. 1, all the bending angles in the shear deformation processing path 22 are substantially right angles and the same, but each bending angle may be different.

  The mandrel 16 is connected to a rotating device such as a motor (not shown) which is mandrel rotating means for rotating the mandrel 16. By rotating the mandrel 16 at a predetermined rotational speed to form a hollow in the extruded material 12, it is possible to cause a torsional deformation in the extruded material 12 and apply a greater shear strain. The rotation direction of the mandrel 16 may be clockwise or counterclockwise. For the mandrel 16, hot working tool steel, heat resistant steel, refractory metal material, or the like can be used.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hollow material manufacturing apparatus 40 including a mandrel 42 having another shape. As shown in FIG. 2, by changing the number of steps, shape, etc. included in the mandrel 42, it is possible to change the size of the hollow material 44 to be manufactured, for example, the diameter of the tube material, and to change the size of the tube material, such as the diameter. Can be controlled.

  Returning to FIG. 1 again, the operation of the hollow material manufacturing apparatus 10 in the above configuration will be described. First, the raw material 12 such as a cylindrical bar is stored in the raw material storage chamber 20 of the container 18 in the extrusion unit 14. The raw material 12 stored in the container 18 is heated to a predetermined temperature in order to extrude it hot. Thereafter, the material 12 stored in the container 18 is extruded in the arrow direction 29 at a predetermined extrusion pressure and a predetermined extrusion speed by the stem 26 through the disk 28.

  The extruded material 12 is hollowed by a mandrel 16. The extruded material 12 passes through a shear deformation processing path 22 having a plurality of bends provided by arranging a container 18 including a plurality of steps 24 and a mandrel 16 including a plurality of steps 30. Thereby, the extruded material 12 is subjected to repeated shear deformation in a state where a compressive force is applied, and repeated shear strain is applied. And the hollow material 32 by which the crystal grain was refined | miniaturized by such a strong strain process and the structure | tissue control was manufactured.

  Further, the mandrel 16 is rotated by a rotating device such as a motor, thereby causing torsional deformation in the extruded material 12. Further, by twisting and deforming the extruded material 12, a shear strain is further applied to the extruded material 12. And the hollow material 32 by which the crystal grain was further refined | miniaturized and the structure | tissue control was manufactured by such a strong strain process is manufactured.

  Hereinafter, another embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same element and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hollow material manufacturing apparatus 50. The hollow material manufacturing apparatus 50 includes an extruding portion 54 for extruding the material 52 and a mandrel 56.

  As the material 52, the light metal material such as the above-described aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, or copper alloy is used. Of course, depending on other conditions, the material 52 is not limited to these light metal materials. As the material 52, a hollow material 52 such as a tubular shape is used. Such a hollow material 52 can be manufactured by drilling a cylindrical bar or the like with a punch.

  The container 18 is a pressure vessel that houses a hollow material 52 and is disposed in the extrusion portion 54. The container 18 has a material storage chamber 20 in which a hollow material 52 is stored. Further, a solid lubricant can be applied to the hollow material 52 in order to suppress heat generation due to friction between the hollow material 52 and the inner wall of the container 18.

  The container 18 is provided with a mandrel 56 and a shear deformation processing path 22 that bends and deforms the extruded hollow material 52 by bending. The container 18 includes a plurality of steps 24 connected to the material storage chamber 20 on the side where the hollow material 52 is extruded in the material storage chamber 20 in order to provide the shear deformation processing path 22 with the mandrel 56. . The hollow material manufacturing apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 3 includes a container 18 including three stages 24. Of course, the number of stages included in the container 18 is not limited to three. Moreover, it is preferable that the angle α in each step 24 is substantially a right angle. Of course, depending on other conditions, the angle α in each step 24 may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and is not limited to a substantially right angle.

  The container 18 is heated by a heating device such as a heater (not shown). Thereby, the hollow raw material 52 accommodated in the raw material storage chamber 20 can be heated and extruded hot. When the hollow material 52 is an aluminum alloy or the like, the extrusion temperature of the hollow material 52 is preferably approximately 250 ° C. or higher and approximately 550 ° C. or lower as described above. Of course, depending on other conditions, the extrusion temperature of the hollow material 52 is not limited to this temperature range.

  The stem 58 and the disk 60 are disposed in the extrusion portion 54 in order to extrude the hollow material 52 stored in the container 18. The stem 58 and the disk 60 have a hollow shape so that a part of the mandrel 56 is inserted and the hollow material 52 is extruded. The stem 58 can extrude the hollow material 52 in the arrow direction 61 at a predetermined extrusion pressure and a predetermined extrusion speed. As the stem 58 or the disk 60, a general stem 58 or disk 60 used in extrusion processing of a light metal material or the like can be used.

  The mandrel 56 has a function of further forming a hollow in the extruded hollow material 52, and is disposed to face the extruded hollow material 52. The mandrel 56 is disposed so as to be partially inserted into the hollow material 52, the stem 58, and the disk 60. As described above, the mandrel 56 is connected to a rotating device such as a motor (not shown) which is a mandrel rotating unit that rotates the mandrel 56.

  The mandrel 56 is disposed by providing the container 18 of the extruding portion 54 and the shear deformation processing path 22 that bends and deforms the extruded hollow material 52 by bending. The mandrel 56 includes a plurality of steps 30 at the tip of the mandrel 56 in order to provide the shear deformation processing path 22 with the container 18. A hollow material manufacturing apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 3 includes a stepped mandrel 56 including three steps 30. Of course, the number of stages included in the mandrel 56 is not limited to three. Further, as described above, by selecting the number of steps, the shape, and the like included in the mandrel 56, the size of the hollow material 62 to be manufactured, for example, the diameter of the tube material can be changed, and the diameter of the tube material is controlled. be able to. Moreover, it is preferable that the angle β in each step 30 included in the mandrel 56 is substantially a right angle. Of course, depending on other conditions, the angle β in each stage 30 included in the mandrel 56 may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and is not limited to a substantially right angle.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the container 18 and the mandrel 56 of the extruding part 54 include a plurality of stages 24 included in the container 18 and a plurality of stages 30 included in the mandrel 56. It arrange | positions so that it may have a bend. Thus, the extruded hollow material 52 can be passed through the shear deformation processing path 22 having a plurality of bends, and the extruded hollow material 52 can be repeatedly subjected to shear deformation. Then, by a single extrusion process, the hollow material 52 can be subjected to a high strain process by applying a greater shear strain.

  The shear deformation processing path 22 is preferably bent at a substantially right angle in order to give a larger shear strain to the extruded hollow material 52. The container 18 and the mandrel 56 are configured so that the bending of the shear deformation processing path 22 is substantially perpendicular, and the angle α of the plurality of steps 24 included in the container 18 and the angle of the plurality of steps 30 included in the mandrel 56. As shown in FIG. 3, β are arranged substantially at right angles. Of course, depending on other conditions, the angle of bending in the shear deformation processing path 22 may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and is not limited to a substantially right angle. In FIG. 3, all the bends in the shear deformation processing path 22 are substantially right angles and the same, but each bend may have a different angle.

  Next, the operation of the hollow material manufacturing apparatus 50 in the above configuration will be described. First, the hollow material 52 is stored in the material storage chamber 20 of the container 18 in the extrusion unit 54. The hollow material 52 accommodated in the container 18 is heated to a predetermined temperature in order to extrude it hot. Thereafter, the hollow material 52 accommodated in the container 18 is extruded in the arrow direction 61 at a predetermined extrusion pressure and a predetermined extrusion speed by the stem 58 through the disk 60.

  The extruded hollow material 52 is further hollowed by a mandrel 56. The extruded hollow material 52 has a shear deformation processing path 22 having a plurality of bends provided by arranging a container 18 including a plurality of steps 24 and a mandrel 56 including a plurality of steps 30. pass. As a result, repeated shear deformation is caused in a state where a compression force is applied to the extruded hollow material 52, and repeated shear strain is applied. And the hollow material 62 by which the crystal grain was refined | miniaturized by such a strong strain process and the structure | tissue control was manufactured.

  In addition, when the mandrel 56 is rotated by a rotating device such as a motor, the extruded hollow material 52 undergoes torsional deformation. Further, by twisting and deforming the extruded hollow material 52, shear strain is further applied. Thereby, the hollow material 62 in which the crystal grains are further refined and the structure is controlled by the high strain processing is manufactured.

  As described above, according to the above configuration, by using a rod-shaped material or a hollow material, the extruded material is passed through a shear deformation processing path having a plurality of bends in a single extrusion process, to the extruded material. A hollow material whose crystal grains are refined and whose structure is controlled can be produced by carrying out high strain processing by causing repeated shear deformation. Therefore, without increasing the number of times of shear deformation processing and introducing a plurality of structure control devices in one line, the productivity can be further improved and the hollow material can be manufactured at a further reduced manufacturing cost.

  Using an aluminum alloy as a raw material, a hollow material was produced by changing the mandrel conditions in the hollow material production apparatus described above. Here, as the aluminum alloy, an A6063 alloy which is an Al—Mg—Si based aluminum alloy was used. The A6063 alloy material was manufactured by melting an A6063 alloy ingot and then casting and processing it into a predetermined shape. The A6063 alloy material was placed in the container 18 and heated so as to be approximately 250 ° C. or higher and approximately 550 ° C. or lower. Thereafter, the A6063 alloy material stored in the container 18 was extruded by a stem through a disk.

  Example 1 used a stepped mandrel including three steps in the mandrel, and produced a hollow material without rotating the mandrel. In Example 2, a stepped mandrel including three steps in the mandrel was used, and a hollow material was produced while rotating the mandrel. In Comparative Example 1, a mandrel having no step was used as a mandrel, and a hollow material was produced without rotating the mandrel. The extrusion ratio of Comparative Example 1 was 10. Here, the extrusion ratio is the ratio between the cross-sectional area of the A6063 alloy material and the cross-sectional area of the manufactured hollow material.

  The average crystal grain size of the hollow materials produced in Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 was measured. The average crystal grain size was measured by backscattered electron diffraction pattern (EBSP method) or metallographic microscope observation. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the average crystal grain size in the manufactured hollow material.

  The average crystal grain size of the hollow material in Example 1 is 3.5 μm, the average crystal grain size of the hollow material in Example 2 is 1.2 μm, and the average crystal grain size of the hollow material in Comparative Example 1 is 17.9 μm. When Example 1 was compared with Comparative Example 1, it was found that the average crystal grain size of the hollow material was smaller when the stepped mandrel was used. Moreover, when Example 1 and Example 2 were compared, it turned out that the average crystal grain diameter of a hollow material becomes still smaller when a stepped mandrel is rotated. From these facts, it was found that the production of the hollow material by rotating the stepped mandrel is most effective for the refinement of crystal grains by the high strain processing.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the manufacturing apparatus 10 of the hollow material which is embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the manufacturing apparatus 40 of the hollow material provided with the mandrel of another shape which is embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the manufacturing apparatus 50 of the hollow material which is other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  10, 40, 50 Hollow material manufacturing equipment, 12, 52 material, 14, 54 extrusion section, 16, 42, 56 mandrel, 18 container, 20 material storage chamber, 22 shear deformation processing path, 24, 30 steps, 26, 58 stem, 28,60 disc, 32,44,62 hollow material.

Claims (3)

An extrusion section for extruding the material;
A mandrel that is placed opposite the extruded material and forms a hollow in the extruded material;
With
The extruded portion and the mandrel are arranged with a shear deformation processing path for bending and extruding the extruded material,
A hollow material manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a hollow material whose structure is controlled by shearing and deforming an extruded material through a shear deformation processing path,
The extrusion unit and the mandrel each include a plurality of steps, and are arranged so that the shear deformation processing path has a plurality of bends. It is a manufacturing apparatus of the hollow material according to claim 1,
An apparatus for producing a hollow material, comprising mandrel rotating means for rotating a mandrel.   A hollow material is produced by the hollow material production apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hollow material is produced.

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