JP4305151B2 - Material torsion extrusion process - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for applying a very large processing strain to a solid material or a powder material hot or cold in order to produce a material (metal, polymer, etc.) having a fine microstructure.

  Usually, a metal material is made into a final product shape by melting and refining the raw material, casting it, and further processing and forming it. This is roughly divided into two types: a hot-worked product that is cooled to a product after hot working, and a cold-worked product obtained by further cold-working the product.

  In any of these methods, it is known that the amount of processing applied to the metal material greatly affects the material of the product. Processes such as rolling and forging are particularly effective in reducing the microstructure such as crystal grains, and this method is used in many metal materials such as steel materials and aluminum materials. This is because excellent mechanical properties can be obtained as the crystal grains of the metal material are finer.

  In a hot-worked product, when processed at a high temperature, the metal material becomes a dynamic recrystallization state by increasing the processing strain rate and applying a large strain, and the larger the strain rate, the smaller the crystal grains. When processed at a low temperature, dislocations accumulate in a cellular shape and become fine crystal grains due to rearrangement of the dislocations. Moreover, in the cold processed product, the larger the amount of cold processing, the smaller the size of recrystallized grains when the subsequent annealing is performed.

  As described above, the means for applying large strains is effective in refining crystal grains and is used in various metal materials. However, conventional processing means such as rolling and forging only limit the amount of work that can be added. There was a limit to the amount of strain applied from the cast material to the product.

For example, when processing a plate by the rolling method, the plate width does not change greatly.
Is as follows.

Here, t ₀ the material thickness, t is the product thickness.

  The equivalent strain is an amount by which deformation strains having different strain ratios can be relatively compared, and metallurgically corresponds to the dislocation density. The definition of equivalent strain is described in ordinary plastic mechanics textbooks such as “Mechanicals of metal plastic working” (Corona).

As can be seen from equation (1), the equivalent strain in rolling is determined by the ratio of the material thickness to the product thickness. Therefore, there is a limit to the amount of strain that can be applied by rolling. For example, even if the plate thickness becomes 1/100, the equivalent strain is about 5.32. In the case of forging, the strain state is between uniaxial compression deformation and plane strain compression deformation. The equivalent strain in the case of uniaxial compression deformation is as follows.

Here, h ₀ is the material heat and h is the product thickness.

  Even in this case, the equivalent strain is about 4.61 even if the material thickness becomes 1/100, and the order is the same as in the case of plane strain. Therefore, there is a limit to the amount of strain that can be applied even in the case of forging.

  In the case of normal hot-worked products, this strain is given by rolling several times by rolling or forging, and heating and cooling are applied between the processing and recovery. Since recrystallization occurs, the crystal grains obtained are larger than when processing is performed at once without repeating heating and cooling and the strains of the formulas (1) and (2) are applied.

Extrusion is often used as a mass production process for metal materials. In this case, it is an advantage that a large strain can be achieved in one pass. Equivalent strain is (2) of h ₀ material length, is replaced by h the product length, this expression can be used as it is. However, even in this method, the elongation (reduction ratio) is still limited to about 100, and the equivalent strain is about 4.61. This extrusion method is also an effective process for consolidation of powder.

  By the way, although it is not a mass production process, there is a compression torsion method as a method for producing a small amount of sample to which a very large strain is applied. As shown in FIG. 1, this is a method in which a cylindrical sample 1 having a low height is inserted into a cylindrical container 3 and rotated by applying a torque T while applying a large compressive force P from the upper portion with a cylindrical upper punch 5. It is.

Although the lower punch 6 is fixed, it may be rotated in the opposite direction to the upper punch 5. The details when this method is applied to a solid material or a powder material are described in the following documents (i) and (ii).
(I) Valiev, R et al: Mat. Sci. and Eng. , A137 (1991), 35
(Ii) Kintake et al .: 43rd Plastic Karen Lecture (1992), 73

  According to this method, for example, in the case of aluminum, the crystal grain size is. It is said that 1 μm or less can be easily obtained. In addition, it is said that if the powder material is aluminum, the value is close to the true density. However, as a characteristic of torsional deformation, a large strain is generated in the outer peripheral portion of the material, but a strain in the central portion is small.

  Further, with this method, it is impossible to manufacture a material having a large size such as a normal billet (several tens mm diameter × several m length). This is because when the material 1 becomes longer, the torque generated on the upper and lower punch surfaces is not transmitted to the entire length of the material due to friction between the inner surface of the container and the outer surface of the material.

For example, a steel material that has few alloying elements and has a crystal grain size of several microns to sub-micron, or even nano-order steel, can be an inexpensive high-strength structural material. The same applies to other non-ferrous materials such as copper and aluminum.

  For example, in the electronic material field, a steel sheet used as a substrate for an integrated circuit chip has excellent electrical characteristics, but it is necessary to further improve the strength. On the other hand, there is an attempt to use a copper alloy, but the electric conduction characteristics deteriorate. Therefore, as a method of increasing the strength of pure copper, it is conceivable to add a working strain to make the microstructure fine.

  In recent years, in the field of microfabrication, materials having a nano-order crystal structure are required in order to increase processing accuracy. In the field of powder molding, for example, various solidification processes for materials having a fine internal structure obtained by, for example, mechanical alloying or mechanical grinding have been studied, but no definitive method has been found. In this case as well, it is recognized that it is effective to give as much strain as possible under high pressure, but there is no method at present.

  As described above, in a normal processing method, a strain larger than the strain determined by the dimensions of the metal material and the product cannot be applied. An object of the present invention is to propose a method capable of applying a strain exceeding the limit strain.

As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, it was possible to develop a new processing method capable of exceeding the above-mentioned strain limit by combining extrusion processing and twisting processing.

  (1) The first method is a forward extrusion method in which a solid material or a powder material loaded in a container is pushed by a pusher and deformed by a die, so that one of the container and the die is not rotated. A torsional forward extrusion method in which extrusion is performed by a pusher while the other is rotated around an extrusion shaft, and its apparatus.

(2) In the second method, a solid material or a powder material loaded in a container having a bottom portion is pushed by a hollow pusher having a die at the tip, and the material is pushed out from a die hole at the tip of the hollow portion. In the extrusion method, the container is fixed so that it does not move in the direction of the extrusion axis, and either the hollow pusher or the container is fixed in the rotation direction so as not to rotate, and the other is rotated around the extrusion axis by the hollow pusher. A torsional backward extrusion method and apparatus for performing extrusion processing.

(3) In the third method, a solid material or a powder material loaded in a container is pushed with a pressure P1 by a pusher, and passed through a die having the same shape (circular shape) as the container inner surface and a hole having the same lateral area. In the forward extrusion method, the back pressure P2 is applied from the exit side of the die so as not to prevent the material from progressing, one of the container and the die is fixed in the rotation direction so as not to rotate, and the other is rotated around the extrusion axis. And a device for twisting and extruding while performing the same.

This method provides elemental technology that can apply processing strain that greatly exceeds processing strain obtained by processing methods such as normal rolling, forging, and extrusion to solid materials and powder materials. It can be effectively applied to a production process in which the internal structure of the material is made finer or colder.

The above three methods will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(1) As shown in FIG. 2, the first method is a forward extrusion method in which a solid material or powder material 1 loaded in a container 3 is pushed by a pusher 4 and the surface is reduced by a die 2. Alternatively, there is a method and an apparatus for extruding with a pusher while fixing one of the dies 2 and rotating the other around the extrusion axis a. In the figure, the container 3 is fixed and the die 2 is rotated. One of the container and the die is fixed to a frame (not shown) except for the direction of rotation. The pusher is usually driven by hydraulic pressure, but may be another method such as a pinion rack mechanism. The container or die is normally rotated by a motor. These pusher driving devices and container or die rotating devices are devices commonly used in the second and third methods described below and in the first to fourth embodiments.

The area of the interface between the inner surface of the container 3 and the surface of the material-side material 1-1 is B, the surface pressure that the container 3 exerts on the material perpendicular to the interface is σ ₁ , and the inner surface of the die 2 and the surface of the exit-side material 1-2 Where C is the area of the interface between and σ ₂ , and the surface pressure exerted on the material by the inner surface of the die 2 perpendicular to the interface is A ₂ , and the material cross-sectional area at the boundary between 1-1 and 1-2 is A, Bμ ₁ σ ₁ The material can be twisted when both (the material-side rotational force) and Cμ ₂ σ ₂ (the outgoing-side rotational force) satisfy a condition greater than the deformation resistance of the cross section A (A × the deformation shear stress of the material). As a result of the study.

Μ ₁ and μ ₂ are the friction coefficient between the interface between the container inner surface and the surface of the material side material 1-1 and the friction coefficient at the interface between the inner surface of the die 2 and the surface of the exit side material 1-2, respectively. is there. The above facts indicate that the material can be twisted when the rotational force due to friction exceeds the deformation resistance of the material.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the same result can be obtained by rotating the container 3 with the die 2 fixed. In FIG. 3, the shape of the die is devised, and since the R portion is attached to the die entrance portion, the deformation is smooth and the material is not easily cracked.

  In the case of FIGS. 2 to 3, the extrusion ratio (elongation due to extrusion of the material) is about 4. The equivalent strain in this case can be calculated from the equation (2) and is about 1.37.

  Next, the equivalent strain based on torsion is calculated. In this case, we only need to know the order of strain, so we will deal with torsion of a cylinder.

As shown in FIG. 5, the shear strain of the cylinder is the amount of rotation in the circumferential direction (arc length) per unit length, that is,

It is represented by In the case of FIG. 2 to FIG. 3, for example, when calculating the shear strain of the cylinder surface when rotated 40 times,

From equation (4), it is about 251.2. However, it was assumed that the radius r of the material and the length ^{l in} the cylinder axis direction of the deformation region are the same because the order is the same.

Since the shear strain at the central axis is 0, the simple average is 125.6.

Thus, 72.5 is obtained.

As described in the compression torsion method of FIG. 1, the torsion on the central axis of the material is small due to the nature of torsion. However, in the method of FIGS. 2 to 3 which combines twisting and extrusion, unlike the case of FIG. 1, a strain distribution is generated in the length direction and the material can move in the radial direction, and the strain is also strained on the central axis of the material. Comes to occur.
The equivalent strain averaged above is a calculated value when the number of rotations of the die passing through the length of 1 in the die is n. In general, 1 increases as the pusher speed increases, and n is The larger the die rotation speed, the larger the value. Therefore, the above-mentioned simple average equivalent strain increases as rn / 1 (= (material radius in container) × (relative rotational speed of die and container) / (pusher pushing speed)) increases. It becomes a standard. As explained in the examples, if this value is 10 or more, a sufficiently large strain is applied to the solid material, and the structure is refined.

  However, in order to generate a strain distribution that is as uniform as possible in the radial direction with as few revolutions as possible, a portion that undergoes non-axisymmetric deformation may be provided in a portion in the length direction of the material. Examples are shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. FIG. FIG. 4 shows a case where the center line of the container (push-in axis aa) and the push-out axis a are parallel but not coincident and are shifted.

  In FIG. 6, the die 2 is asymmetric with respect to the extrusion center axis a. Therefore, the strain on the material central axis becomes very large, and there is no significant difference from the outer peripheral portion.

FIG. 7 shows a case where the die is provided with a non - axisymmetric deformation portion, but there is almost no surface reduction of the material due to extrusion.

That is, in the forward extrusion deforming bending material 1 loaded into the container 3 with the die 2 in which the center position of the die hole pushing in the pusher 4 is in the shape away from the extrusion axis a, the container 3 or dies Extrusion is performed by the pusher 4 while one of the two is fixed and the other is rotated around the extrusion axis a.

  Even if there is no surface reduction due to extrusion, there is a resistance force to prevent the material from passing through the die due to bending deformation, and the same effect can be obtained with the same tool arrangement as when there is surface reduction in the die.

  (2) In the second method, as shown in FIG. 8, the tip of the material or powder material 1 loaded in the container 3 having the barrel portion 3-1 and the bottom portion 3-2 coupled to each other is formed at the tip 2 In the backward extrusion method in which the material is pushed out by the hollow pusher 4 and the material is pushed out from the hollow portion, the container 3 is fixed so as not to move in the direction of the extrusion axis a, and either the hollow pusher 4 or the container 3 is rotated. This is a torsion backward extrusion method in which extrusion is performed by the tip die portion 2 of the hollow pusher 4 while rotating the other around the extrusion axis a by fixing in the direction, and its apparatus.

FIG. 9 shows that the hollow pusher 4 and the die 2 are non-axisymmetric with respect to the container-center axis . This is also devised to increase the strain on the material axis as much as possible.

  8 and 9 also, when A is the cross-sectional area of the boundary between the undeformed portion and the deformed portion of the material, the material side rotational force of the material side material 1-1 and the exit side of the exit side material 1-2 The material can be twisted when both of the rotational forces are greater than the deformation resistance of cross section A (A x deformation shear stress of the material).

  (3) In the third method, as shown in FIG. 10, the material or powder material 1 loaded in the container 3 is pushed by the pusher 4-1 at the pressure P1, and the cross-sectional area of the inner surface (circular) of the container 3 is almost the same. In the forward extrusion method in which a die 2 having an equal cross-sectional area is passed, a back pressure P2 smaller than P1 is applied from the outlet side of the die 2 and one of the container 3 and the die 2 is prevented from rotating, and the other is pushed into the extrusion axis a. And a device for twisting and extruding while rotating about the same.

  According to this method, the dimension of the material after processing is almost the same as the dimension of the material before processing. Therefore, it is effective when a product size that is relatively larger than the material size is required.

  If there is no back pressure P2, there is almost no surface reduction due to the die in this case, so the frictional force between the container or the inner surface of the die and the outer surface of the material is reduced, and the material side rotational force and the output side rotational force are reduced. This is because both are small and the force to twist the material is insufficient.

  In any of these first, second, and third methods, the pressure by the pusher is usually a hydraulic pressure, but the motor rotational force is converted into a uniaxial force by, for example, a pinion rack mechanism. May be used.

  Torque that rotates the container and the die is generated by a motor. In this case, the motor rotation axis may be arranged on the extension line of the material side material central axis, but the motor rotation axis is arranged parallel to the extension line, and the tool and the motor rotation axis, for example, a driving belt, etc. You may connect with.

Also in the first and third one of the methods described above, the container 3 and the gap between the tool and the material contacting portion container 3 in the vicinity within the proximal part of the die 2 die 2, during the deformation of the material It is desirable to keep it at almost zero. As a means for this purpose, it is preferable to install a thrust bearing between the container and the die (examples are shown in FIGS. 11 and 15 as examples) . This is because if there is a gap, not only does the surface of the material generate burrs and resistance to the progress of the material, but it may cause wrinkles or cracks on the surface of the material.

[Example 1] Using a rod of pure aluminum (A1070) (diameter 10 mm, length 60 mm), using the apparatus of FIG. Carried out.

  The container 3 is supported by a holder 7, and the rotary die 2 is supported by a holder 8. The die 2 is connected to the motor M via the connecting shaft 9. During the extrusion, the container 3 exerts an axial force on the die 2 by the frictional force of the surface of the material 1 pushed by the pusher 4.

  The die 2 also exerts an axial force on the holder 8. When the die 2 is rotated, the frictional force between 2, 3 and 2, 8 based on these two axial forces becomes resistance to the rotation of 2. Usually, a lubricant such as grease is applied to the sliding portion between the tools.

However, in this example, a bearing is also used to further reduce the frictional resistance. A thrust bearing 10-1 was installed at the connection between the container 3 and the die 2, and a thrust bearing 10-2 was installed at the connection between the die 2 and the holder 8.
The thrust bearing 10-1 has a role of keeping the gap in the vicinity of the contact portion between the container 3 and the die 2 in the vicinity of the contact portion with the material approximately zero during the deformation of the material .

  The pusher speed was 10 mm / min and the number of die rotations was 20 times / min. The die hole dimensions are an entrance diameter of 10 mm, an exit diameter of 8 mm, and a hole length of 40 mm.

A longitudinal cross-sectional structure photograph of the material stopped halfway during deformation is shown in FIG. The crystal grains of the undeformed portion b in the container were elongated because the material was an extruded material. The diameter of this part in the diameter direction was about 50 to 60 μm. The diameter of the crystal grains of the deformed portion d in the die was so strained that it could not be clearly measured with a normal optical microscope. c is a boundary between the deformed portion and the undeformed portion.
In this example, the value of “(material radius in container) × (relative rotational speed of die and container) / (pusher pushing speed)”, which is a measure of the size of the equivalent strain, is 10.

  FIG. 13 shows the measurement results of the micro Vickers hardness of the longitudinal section of the intermediate stopper. Although the distribution in the diameter direction of the undeformed portion b and the deformed portion d is shown, it is noted that the hardness of the deformed portion is greatly increased and the hardness of the material axis is not necessarily lower than that of the outer peripheral portion. . In addition, the number of a horizontal axis has shown the diameter direction position, 4 is the axial center position of material.

[Example 2] Using a rod of pure aluminum (A1070) (diameter 15 mm, length 40 mm) and using the apparatus shown in FIG. It carried out in.

  The rotating container 3 is supported by a holder 7 so as not to move in the material traveling direction, and is rotated by a motor M via a connecting shaft 9. 10-2 is a thrust bearing. The die 2 is fixed to a non-rotating pusher 4, and an extrusion force is exerted on the material 1 by the pusher 4 during torsion extrusion, and the material 1 is pushed out into a hollow portion inside the die 2. Smooth rotation is obtained when radial bearings are provided between the container 3 and the holder 7 and between the die 2 and the inner surface of the container 3. Not shown in this example.

The pusher speed was 10 mm / min, and the die rotation speed was 30 times / min. The die hole size is 5 mm in the diameter of the parallel part and the R part at the tip end of the die.
In this example, the value of “(material radius in container) × (relative rotational speed of die and container) / (pusher pushing speed)”, which is a measure of the size of the equivalent strain, is 22.5 .

  The diameter direction crystal grain diameter of the undeformed part in the container was still about 50-60 μm, but the diameter of the crystal grain of the deformed part in the die was too distorted so that it could not be clearly measured with a normal optical microscope. It was in. The average value of the Vickers hardness of the deformed portion was 53.5.

[Embodiment 3] A method of rotating a die by the third method using the same aluminum rod (A1070) rod (diameter 10 mm, length 60 mm) as in embodiment 1 and using the apparatus of FIG. The twisted double extrusion method was carried out at room temperature.

The rotary die 2 is rotatably connected to the container 3 via a thrust bearing 10-1, and this thrust bearing 10-1 is located in the vicinity of the contact portion with the material in the vicinity of the container 3 and the die 2 . It has the role of keeping the gap almost zero during the deformation of the material . Further, the rotary die 2 is rotatably connected to the holder 8 via a thrust bearing 10-2, and at the same time is rotatably supported around the extrusion axis a by the radial bearing 11 on the holders 8 and 13.

  Extrusion is performed by applying an extrusion force P1 to the material from the left side. At the same time, the extrusion force P2 is applied from the right side so as not to prevent the material from proceeding in the direction of the extrusion axis. Rotate.

The pusher speed was 10 mm / min and the number of die rotations was 40 times / min. The die hole diameter is 10 mm as in the container.
In this example, the value of “(material radius in container) × (relative rotational speed of die and container) / (pusher pushing speed)”, which is a measure of the size of the equivalent strain, is 100 .

Also in this case, the deformed portion was so strained that the diameter of the crystal grains could not be clearly measured with a normal optical microscope.
The Vickers hardness averaged about 56.2.

    Example 4 Pure aluminum powder (particle size of about 80 μm, water atomized powder) was consolidated using the apparatus shown in FIG. The pusher speed and the die rotation speed are the same as in the second embodiment. The density was measured by the Archimedes method. The packing density of the raw material powder was about 40%, but the deformed portion reached 99.9%.

Longitudinal section of compression torsion method Horizontal sectional view of torsion forward extrusion method (die rotation method) Horizontal cross section of torsion forward extrusion method (container rotation method) Horizontal cross section of asymmetric torsion forward extrusion method (container rotation method) Illustration of shear strain Horizontal cross section of asymmetric torsion forward extrusion method (container rotation method) Horizontal cross section of asymmetric torsion forward extrusion method (container rotation method) Horizontal sectional view of torsion back extrusion method (die rotation method) Horizontal cross section of asymmetric torsion backward extrusion method (container rotation method) Horizontal sectional view of twisted double-push extrusion method (die rotation method) Horizontal sectional view of torsion forward extrusion method (die rotation method) Longitudinal cross-sectional structure picture of material Vickers hardness distribution of material longitudinal section Horizontal sectional view of torsion backward extrusion method (container rotation method) Horizontal sectional view of twisted double-push extrusion method (die rotation method)

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Material 1-1 Container side material 1-2 Dice side material 2 Dies 3 Container 4 Pusher 5 Upper punch 6 Lower punch 7 Container holder 8 Die holder 9 Tool motor connecting shaft 10 Thrust bearing 11 Radial bearing 12 Mold holder 13 Die Holder 14 Drive belt A Cross-sectional area of boundary between undeformed portion and deformed portion of material a Extrusion shaft aa Push-in shaft b Cross-sectional position of undeformed portion of material c Cross-sectional position of boundary between undeformed portion and deformed portion of material d Material Cross section position of deformed part e Position before deformation on circumference f Position after deformation on circumference g Reference position for shear strain deformation

Claims (10)

In the forward extrusion method in which the solid metal material loaded in the container is pushed with a pusher and deformed with a die, either the container or the die is fixed in the rotation direction so as not to rotate, and the pusher is rotated while the other is rotated around the extrusion shaft. A torsional forward extrusion method characterized by setting a thrust bearing between the container and the die when the extrusion process is performed, thereby making the gap in the vicinity of the material near the container and the die close to zero . In the forward extrusion method in which the solid metal material loaded in the container is pushed with a pusher and deformed with a die, either the container or the die is fixed in the rotation direction so as not to rotate, and the pusher is rotated while the other is rotated around the extrusion shaft. A torsional forward extrusion method characterized in that {(material radius in container) × (relative rotational speed of die and container) / pusher pushing speed} is set to 10 or more when extruding by the above. In the forward extrusion method in which the solid metal material loaded in the container is pushed with a pusher and deformed with a die, either the container or the die is fixed in the rotation direction so as not to rotate, and the pusher is rotated while the other is rotated around the extrusion shaft. When extruding , the thrust bearing is installed between the container and the die, so that the gap in the vicinity of the material on the surface where the container and the die are close to each other is almost zero, and {(material radius in the container) × The twist forward extrusion method characterized in that (the relative rotational speed of the die and the container) / pusher pushing speed} is 10 or more . Push the metal solid material loaded into the container at a pressure P1 in the pusher in the forward extrusion to pass die having a hole of the same cross-sectional area in the container inner surface and the same shape, it prevents the progression of the material from the outlet side of the die A method of applying a twisting and double-extrusion extrusion process while applying a back pressure P2 of a certain level, fixing one of the container or the die so as not to rotate, and rotating the other around the extrusion shaft. Push the metal solid material loaded into the container with the pusher, the forward extrusion process for deforming in a die, wherein the die inner surface hole shape is not axially symmetrical, the rotational direction so as not to rotate one of the container or die A torsional forward extrusion method in which the other end is rotated around an extrusion shaft and extruded by a pusher. Push the metal solid material loaded into the container with the pusher, the forward extrusion process for deforming in a die, the die inner surface hole shape is axisymmetric, so that the center axis does not coincide but are parallel to the central axis of the container A torsional forward extrusion method in which one of a container or a die is fixed in a rotational direction so as not to rotate, and the other is rotated around an extrusion shaft and extruded by a pusher. In a backward extrusion method in which a metal solid material loaded in a container having a bottom portion is pushed by a hollow pusher whose tip is a die having a hollow hole , and the material is pushed out from the die hole in a direction opposite to the pushing direction. die inner surface hole shape is axisymmetric, characterized in that the center axis thereof are offset so as not to coincide it is parallel with the central axis of the container, fixed so as not to move the container to the extrusion axis, further A torsion backward extrusion method in which either the hollow pusher or the container is fixed in the rotational direction so as not to rotate, and the other is rotated around the extrusion shaft, and the extrusion is performed by the hollow pusher. A container in a forward extrusion device in which a hollow container and a pusher for pushing in a metal solid material in the container and a hollow die are arranged substantially in a line, and one of the container and the die is rotated relative to the other on the pushing shaft. A thrust bearing is installed between the container and the die so that the gap in the vicinity of the material on the surface where the die and the die are close to each other is almost zero. It consists of a hollow container, a pusher that pushes in the solid metal material in the container, a hollow die, and a back pressure pusher that exerts a force that impedes the movement of the material moving in the die. In contrast, a forward torsion extrusion device having a mechanism that rotates relative to the pushing shaft. It consists of a hollow container, a pusher that pushes in the metal solid material in the container, a hollow die, and a back pressure pusher that exerts a force that impedes the movement of the material moving in the die. On the other hand, in a torsional forward extrusion apparatus having a mechanism that rotates relatively on the indentation shaft, the thrust between the container and the die is set to be almost zero so that the gap in the vicinity of the material on the surface where the container and the die are close to each other is almost zero. A device characterized by installing a bearing.