JP4667507B2 - イヌインフルエンザを治療するワクチンおよび方法 - Google Patents
イヌインフルエンザを治療するワクチンおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
以下の定義をこの開示に適用し、定義されていない語は、当業者によって一般的に使用されている意味を有する。
本発明の一態様は、免疫原性応答を引き起こす以下の抗原を用いたワクチンを提供する。
第2部a)考察 第1部のウイルス抗原は、その病原力が低減するように改変されたウイルス抗原を含む物質の有用な組成物に調製することができ、さらに有用な製剤またはワクチン製剤に処方できる。以下の記述は、イヌにおけるインフルエンザウイルス感染に関連した臨床徴候の予防もしくは治療、またはイヌもしくはウマインフルエンザウイルスによって引き起こされたイヌの疾患の予防に有用なワクチンの産生、製造、製剤、および投与の詳細を示すものである。治療するべきイヌインフルエンザ感染は、ウマインフルエンザウイルスによって引き起こされたものでもよく、ウマインフルエンザウイルスに由来する新規の改変イヌインフルエンザでもよい。本明細書に記載の治療は、イヌ疾患におけるイヌまたはウマインフルエンザウイルスの排出を防止する補助として作用しうる。
不活化または死滅ワクチン 本発明の一実施形態では、上記ワクチンは、任意の感染性ウマインフルエンザ株またはイヌインフルエンザ株から選択されたH3N8ウマインフルエンザ株またはイヌインフルエンザ株を含む不活化または死滅H3N8インフルエンザウイルスワクチンを含む。「Transmission of Equine Influenza to Dogs」(P.C.Crawfordら、Science 310、482−485(2006年)を参照のこと。上記ワクチンは、ブタ類由来のインフルエンザH3N8またはH3もしくはN8亜型の任意のインフルエンザを含むものでもあり得る。上記不活化ワクチンは、当技術分野でよく知られている方法で作られる。例えば、ひとたび上記ウイルスが高力価まで増殖されれば、当技術分野でよく知られている方法によって上記ウイルスの抗原性物質塊を取得できるであろうことが当業者には容易に明らかとなるであろう。例えば、上記ウイルスの抗原性物質塊は、希釈、濃縮、または抽出によって取得できる。これらの方法のすべてが、ワクチン産生用の適切なウイルス性抗原性物質塊を取得するために利用されてきた。上記ウイルスは、ホルマリン(例えば0.1〜10%)、βプロピオラクトン(BPL)(例えば0.01〜10%)、またはバイナリーエチレンイミン(BEI)(例えば1〜10mM)、もしくはバイナリーエチレンイミン(BEI)(例えば1〜10mM)を用いた処置によって、または当業者に知られている他の方法を用いて不活化することができ、ここではバイナリーエチレンイミンを用いた処置が好ましい。一般的に用いられている条件および薬剤が示されているが、他の薬剤および濃度も当業者には明らかであろう。
ここで本発明者らは、イヌインフルエンザを治療するための死滅または不活化単価ワクチンに関するより詳細な具体的記述を提供する。
上記第1部に記載の抗原のうち任意のもの、好ましくはイヌもしくはウマインフルエンザ由来の好ましいインフルエンザ由来H3N8抗原、不活化およびアジュバント添加されたH3N8インフルエンザウイルスの培養物を用いる。その際、上記イヌ抗原は、1株のイヌインフルエンザウイルスに由来し、上記ウマ抗原は、1株のウマインフルエンザウイルスに由来する。上記イヌ抗原は、2株のイヌインフルエンザウイルスまたは2株のウマインフルエンザウイルスからなるものでもあり得る。
上記第1部に記載の抗原のうち任意のものを用いるが、より好ましくはイヌもしくはウマインフルエンザ由来の好ましいインフルエンザ由来H3N8抗原、不活化およびアジュバント添加されたH3N8インフルエンザウイルスの培養物を用いる。以下の三価ワクチンについて記述する。a)イヌ類抗原が1株のイヌインフルエンザウイルスに由来し、ウマ類抗原が2株のウマインフルエンザウイルスに由来する。b)イヌ類抗原が2株のイヌインフルエンザウイルスに由来し、ウマ類抗原が1株のウマインフルエンザウイルスに由来する。c)イヌ類抗原が3株のイヌインフルエンザウイルスに由来し、かつ またはウマ類抗原が3株のウマインフルエンザウイルスに由来する。上記のいかなる組合せも、三価ワクチンを作製するために記述する。
本発明の抗原およびワクチンは、他の産物またはワクチンと併用することができる。例えば、それらは、多くの産物を含有するPfizer’s Canine Vanguard(登録商標)系、および または同様に多くの産物を含有する、Vanguard Plus CCV/L4(登録商標)を含めたPfizer’s Canine Vanguard Plus(登録商標)系の液体または乾燥分画、ならびに主要な子イヌ疾患に対して完全な防御を提供するための他の組合せと併用できる。ウマまたはイヌインフルエンザウイルス抗原は、任意の様々な組合せで以下のイヌ抗原、すなわち、イヌパラインフルエンザ(CPN)、イヌジステンパーウイルス(CDV)、イヌパルボウイルス(CPV)、イヌアデノウイルス−1(CAV−1)、イヌアデノウイルス−2(CAV−2)、レプトスピラカニコーラ、レプトスピラグリポティフオーサ、黄疸出血病レプトスピラ、レプトスピラポモナ、レプトスピラブラティスラバ、イヌ呼吸器コロナウイルス(CRCV)、イヌ腸コロナウイルス(CCV)、ウシコロナウイルス(BCV)、および気管支敗血症菌抗原と併用できる。
以下のワクチンを具体的に示す。
例1〜3 哺乳動物細胞増殖
a)2もしくは5%ミョウバン、またはb)QAC中の細胞由来のPfizerウマH3N8(A/Equine/2/Miami/1/1963)
例4〜6 哺乳動物細胞増殖
a)2もしくは5%ミョウバン、またはb)QAC中の細胞由来のPfizer臨床分離株イヌH3N8 A/Canine/Iowa/9A1/B5/D8/D12
例7〜9 鳥類卵増殖
a)2もしくは5%ミョウバン、またはb)QAC中の卵由来のPfizerウマH3N8
例10〜11 鳥類卵増殖
a)2もしくは5%ミョウバン、またはb)QAC中の卵由来のPfizerイヌH3N8
本発明のワクチンは、以下の手順を用いて評価および確認できる。
イヌにおけるイヌインフルエンザワクチンの抗原暴露および効力試験評価 インフルエンザウイルスに対する交差防御をイヌに与えるウマインフルエンザワクチン死滅ウイルスの評価
ウマインフルエンザウイルスであるA/Equine/2/Miami/1/63およびA/Equine/Ohio/1/2003を含有するワクチンの血清防御を評価するために、7〜10週齢のイヌを9つの治療群の1つに割り当てた(表2)。試験日0日目および21日目に、皮下経路で1.0mL用量をイヌにワクチン接種した。血清用の血液は、この研究に登録されたすべてのイヌから、試験日0日目(第1のワクチン接種)、21日目(第2のワクチン接種)、および35日目(第2のワクチン接種後の14日目)に収集した。Miami63、Ohio03、およびCIVに対するHAIに関して、すべての血清試料をアッセイした。血清反応データを表3に示す。以下のIVP群、すなわちT02、T03、T04、T06、T07、T08、およびT09で、試験35日目に、非接種動物と比較した血清力価の統計的有意差が示された(表3)。加えて、以下のIVP群、すなわちT06、T07、T08、およびT09で、試験日21日目に統計的有意差が観測された(表3)。
本研究では、血清反応の測定に加えて、予備的なワクチン安全性も評価した。全体にわたって、臨床的に重要なワクチン関連反応は、評価されたいずれのIVPに伴うものも観測されなかった。研究期間中は、いかなるワクチン関連の全身性反応も観測されなかった。加えて、第1のワクチン接種後における注射部位腫脹は、治療群のいずれでも観測されなかった。21日目(第2のワクチン接種の前)に、5つの治療群における34頭の動物で、注射部位の小さな腫脹が触診で検出された。これらの群のうち、4つ(T02、T03、T06、およびT07)は、2%ミョウバンのアジュバントが添加されたものであり、第5の治療群(T09)は、Quil−A/コレステロール/プラス他のアジュバントを添加されたものであった。この21日目の腫脹の相乗平均容積は、あらゆる処置で0.07〜0.24cm3の範囲のサイズであった。
9つの治療群のうち6つ、すなわちT01、T02、T03、T06、T07、およびT09は、CIVに暴露した。試験日0日目、すなわち抗原暴露の日に、第2のワクチン接種の6週間後の動物は、50mlあたり、ほぼ1:8のHAを有し、これは1mLあたり6.9ログのCIVを表す。ブタインフルエンザウイルス呼吸器疾患モデルに類似したモデルで、気管内経路を介してイヌに抗原暴露した。呼吸器疾患に関連した臨床徴候、すなわち、鼻漏、眼漏、くしゃみ、吐き気、食欲減退、うつ、または咳に関して、毎日、すべての動物を観察した。加えて、鼓室温度およびウイルス単離用の鼻腔/咽頭スワブを毎日収集した。
本明細書および添付されている特許請求の範囲で使用される場合、「a」、「an」、および「the」などの単数冠詞は、文脈によって別段のことが明確に示されない限り、1つの対象も、複数の対象も示しうることに留意するべきだある。したがって、例えば、「a compound(化合物)」を含有する組成物に関する言及は、単一化合物も、2種以上の化合物も含有しうる。
Claims (6)
- イヌをインフルエンザウイルスに対して免疫化する方法であって、イヌから単離された、H3N8亜型であり、死滅させている、アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション(ATCC)にPTA−7694として寄託されたインフルエンザウイルスからなる少なくとも1種のインフルエンザウイルスを含有する、治療有効量のワクチンをイヌに投与するステップを含む方法。
- 前記ウイルスの量が10から10000HA単位である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルスの量が100から1000HA単位である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ワクチンがさらにアジュバントを含有し、前記アジュバントが、a)代謝可能アジュバント、b)非代謝可能アジュバント、c)2%ミョウバン、d)5%ミョウバン、e)Quil A、およびf)コレステロール、またはこれらの任意の組合せから選択できる、請求項1から3に記載の方法。
- ワクチンを生産する方法であって、前記ワクチンが請求項1から3に記載のワクチン組成物を含む方法。
- イヌをインフルエンザウイルスに対して免疫化する薬物を調製するための、請求項1から3に記載のワクチンの使用であって、前記薬物が、イヌから単離された、H3N8亜型であり、死滅させている、アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション(ATCC)にPTA−7694として寄託されたインフルエンザウイルスを含有する治療有効量のワクチンを含む使用。
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NZ566490A (en) | 2011-06-30 |
JP2009511464A (ja) | 2009-03-19 |
TW200730188A (en) | 2007-08-16 |
AU2006300927A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
WO2007042884A9 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
CA2621320A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
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