JP4648702B2 - パルス流反応 - Google Patents
パルス流反応 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4648702B2 JP4648702B2 JP2004529295A JP2004529295A JP4648702B2 JP 4648702 B2 JP4648702 B2 JP 4648702B2 JP 2004529295 A JP2004529295 A JP 2004529295A JP 2004529295 A JP2004529295 A JP 2004529295A JP 4648702 B2 JP4648702 B2 JP 4648702B2
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- reactor
- liquid
- flow
- acid
- olefin
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
aiは比界面表面積(specific interfacial surface area)であり、
Spは粒子の外部表面を粒子直径の二乗で割ったものであり、
ReIは液体の修正レイノルズ数(密度を除く)であり、
ReGは気体の修正レイノルズ数(密度を除く)であり、
Scはシュミット数(運動量拡散率対質量拡散率の比)であり、
dpは粒子直径であり、
Dは反応器の直径であり、
hextは液体ホールドアップ(反応器中にホールドアップされる液体の体積割る全反応器体積の比)であり、
Dmlは気体の分子拡散率である。]
これは、図1においてグラフで提出され、ここで、パルス流物質移動係数対灌液充填塔物質移動係数(trickle bed mass transfer coefficient)の比は、液体または気体のレイノルズ数と共に増大することが示される。液体または気体のレイノルズ数は流量に正比例し、全ての他の変数(反応器の直径、成分の密度及び粘度)は一定である。
1)充填材が不活性であり、液相のうちの1つが反応のための触媒である蒸気/液体/液体系。例は、硫酸またはHFを触媒として使用するオレフィン/パラフィンアルキル化である。
(1)より高い空隙率を含み、比較的に大きな表面積を維持する触媒的に不活性な投入(dumped)充填材であるランダムまたは投入蒸留充填材の例えば、バール(Berl)鞍状物(セラミック)、ラシヒリング(セラミック)、ラシヒリング(鋼)、ポールリング(金属)、ポールリング(プラスチック−ポリプロピレン)、インタロックス(登録商標)(Intalox(登録商標))鞍状物、ハイ−パックTM(Hy-pakTM)、K−パックTM(K-PACTM)、バラスト−プラスTM(Ballast-plusTM)、CMR(登録商標)、ケムパックTM(ChempakTM)、レバパック(登録商標)(Levapak(登録商標))、ナッタ・リングスTM(Nutter RingsTM)、HcPpTM、フレキシマックスTM(FLEXIMAXTM)、ハイフロー(登録商標)(Hiflow(登録商標))、イェーガー・トリ−パックス(登録商標)(Jaeger Tri-packs(登録商標))、ノーパック(登録商標)(NORPAC(登録商標))、インタロックス(登録商標)スノーフレークTM(Intalox(登録商標) SnowflakeTM)、ランパックTM(LANPACTM)、及びイムパックTM(IMPACTM)。
(3)触媒的に不活性な構造化充填材。こうした充填材は、V字形の間に平坦部を有するV字波形へと形成されるワイヤメッシュの複数のシートを含み、該複数のシートは実質的に均一なサイズを有し、同じ方向に配向し、実質的に整列したピークを有し、前記シートは、前記V字形に対して垂直に配向し、この上に置かれた複数の剛性の部材によって分離される接触構造を開示し、本明細書においてその全体を引用する米国特許第6,000,685号の装置、グッドロー(登録商標)(GOODLOE(登録商標))、モンツATM(MONTZ ATM)、及びモンツBTMのような、様々な角度に曲がった波形金属、折れ曲がったワイヤメッシュ、または一方が他方の上に水平に積み重ねられた格子で典型的に構成される。
1)ジイソブテン+2イソブタン→2イソオクタン(2,2,4−トリメチルペンタン)
2)トリイソブテン+3イソブタン→3イソオクタン(2,2,4−トリメチルペンタン)
従来の見解は、1)の生成物はC12アルカンであると思われ、2)の生成物はC16アルカンであると思われるというものだったが、反応1)及び2)の生成物は同じであり、以下の反応の従来の冷酸(cold acid)アルキル化生成物と区別できない:
3)2ブテン−2+2イソブタン→2イソオクタン
4)3ブテン−2+3イソブタン→3イソオクタン
本発明の大きな利点は、酸アルキル化は極めて発熱性であり、最適範囲で反応温度を維持して副反応を防ぐためにかなりの冷却を必要とするが、同じ収率でアルキレートを製造するオリゴマー類とイソアルカンとの本反応はより少ない冷却を必要とし、有用な生成物の同じ収率を得るために本方法をより高価でなくする。
1)イソブテンオリゴマー+イソブタン→イソオクタン;
2)イソブテンオリゴマー+イソペンタン→分枝C9アルカン類;
3)イソアミレンオリゴマー+イソブタン→分枝C9アルカン類;
4)イソアミレンオリゴマー+イソペンタン→分枝C10アルカン類;
しかし、反応1)は少なくともまたは主にC12アルカン類を製造すると思われ、反応2)は少なくともまたは主にC13アルカンを製造すると思われ、反応3)は少なくともまたは主にC14アルカン類を製造すると思われ、及び反応4)は少なくともまたは主にC15アルカン類を製造すると思われると予想されていた。
分散体メッシュ40を収容した反応器10を示す。本分散体は、反応器中の流体または流動化材料の放射状分散を実現する。反応器への供給物は、ライン12を経て供給されるオレフィンの例えばn−ブテン及び供給ライン14を経てライン52を通して供給されるイソパラフィン(例えば、イソブタン)を含む。好ましくはオレフィンの一部分を、ライン16a、16b、及び16cを経て反応器に沿って供給する。液体酸触媒の例えばH2SO4をライン56を経て供給し、補給酸をライン38を通して供給してよい。炭化水素反応物を、好ましくは一般に円柱形の塔である反応器に供給し、これは、ライン58を経て、適切な分散手段(図示せず)を通して分散体メッシュ40、例えば、共編成ワイヤ及びガラス繊維メッシュ中に供給するものである。
炭化水素液相はライン22を経て除去され、一部分はライン28を経て反応器の頂部に再循環する。炭化水素相の残りを、ライン26を経て蒸留塔20に供給し、ここでこれを精留する。ノルマルブタンは、供給物中に存在する場合、ライン36を経て除去でき、
アルキレート生成物をライン34を経て除去する。オーバーヘッド32は主に未反応のイソアルカンであり、ライン52を経て反応器10の頂部に再循環する。
以下の実施例の場合、実験室用反応器は高さ15フィート×直径1.5インチである。これに、様々な量及びタイプの充填材料を充填する。H2SO4ストックは、使用する充填材のホールドアップに依存して約1リットルである。サージリザーバーは約3リットルであり、全ての酸プラス液体炭化水素を底部を通して出し、単一のポンプを用いて二相混合物を循環する。供給物を、反応器の頂部で導入して再循環混合物と共に下降流で流す。反応の熱プラス周囲の熱増加によって蒸気が生じ、これは、液体を充填材を通して下降させる助けとなり、大きな乱れ及び混合を引き起こす。蒸気の大部分は、反応器出口の後で凝縮する。未凝縮の蒸気及び液体炭化水素生成物を、酸飛沫除去器を通し、次に背圧レギュレータを通して脱イソブタン塔に送る。質量流量計を供給物流れのために使用し、ドップラーメーター(Doppler meter)は循環度を測定する。脱イソブタン塔から生じた液体生成物を秤量する。しかしながら、ベント流量は、質量流量計で測定した入る供給物と秤量した出る液体生成物との間の差であると推定される。GCは、ベントを含む全ての炭化水素生成物を分析する。廃酸アッセイのために滴定を使用する。
稼働
以下の実施例において、実験ユニットは、存在する炭化水素の沸点で炭化水素及び酸を下降流で循環する。圧力及び温度の読みを電子的に記録する。反応器出口温度及び圧力を使用し、iC4/アルキレートフラッシュ計算を使用して、再循環炭化水素中のiC4の量を計算する。
三方弁を使用し、測定管を通して再循環全体を瞬間的に切り換えることによって、酸ストックを維持する。捕捉した材料は数秒で沈降して二層を形成する。次に酸層及び炭化水素層の体積%をドップラーメーターの読みと共に使用して、両方の相の体積循環度を推定する。
実施例におけるC4アルキル化のための典型的な稼働条件
1.充填材タイプ1は、1編みおきに400デニールマルチフィラメントガラス繊維糸と共に共編成した直径.011インチの304ssワイヤである。
2.充填材タイプ2は、1編みおきに800デニールマルチフィラメントポリプロピレンヤーンと共に共編成した直径.011インチ合金20ワイヤである。
実施例1
製油所C4オレフィン類を実験室用ユニットへの原料として使用:
アルキレートの品質にイソブチレン(iB)が及ぼす影響
プロピレン+iC4アルキル化
イソブタン+ペンテン1
全オレフィン類中に38%のiBを有するC4供給物原料から生じたオリゴマー化生成物。
(この生成物を次に、実験室用アルキル化ユニットへのオレフィン供給物として使用した)
イソブテン+イソブタンまたはiB+iC4のオリゴマー類から生じたアルキレートの品質。
様々なオレフィン類を用いた予想対実際のアルキル化生成物の分子量及びモルiC4捕捉
(例えば、理論的には1モルのC6オレフィンは1モルのiC4と反応してC10アルキレート;分子量=142を形成するはずである)
結果は、追加のiC4と化合するより多くのかつより低分子量のオレフィン類を生じる解重合を示す。
イソブタン+ペンテン1
Claims (10)
- 一定速度で供給される液体硫酸及び内部静的混合システムの存在下で、オレフィン、オレフィン前駆体またはこれらの混合物及びイソアルカンからなる炭化水素成分を、少なくとも部分的に気体状態で下降流反応器に供給することを含む、硫酸アルキル化においてアルキレートを製造する方法において、前記オレフィン、オレフィン前駆体または混合物の供給の速度は、パルス流を誘起するのに十分な圧力低下を実現するまで増大する、方法。
- 前記内部静的混合システムは、マルチフィラメント成分またはマルチフィラメント成分と絡み合わせたエキスパンデッドメタルを有するメッシュワイヤを含み、前記マルチフィラメントは、不活性ポリマー、触媒ポリマー、触媒金属またはこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記液体及び蒸気速度は、前記反応器にわたる圧力低下が、充填材の厚さ1メートル毎に少なくとも1.35kPaとなるように調節される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記内部静的混合システムが、50体積%を超える空隙空間を有する接触構造体を含む充填材を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記空隙空間が、99体積%までである請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記接触構造体が、不活性材料で構成される、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記接触構造体が、触媒材料で構成される、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記反応器は、ステンレス鋼ワイヤを含みかつポリプロピレンを織り合わせたワイヤメッシュ材料を充填される、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記ステンレス鋼ワイヤが、アロイ20を含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記反応器にわたる全圧力低下が、0〜4psia(0〜27.58kPa)である、請求項3記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/223,192 US6774275B2 (en) | 2001-08-21 | 2002-08-19 | Pulse flow reaction |
PCT/US2003/025014 WO2004016714A2 (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2003-08-11 | Pulse flow reaction |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005536332A JP2005536332A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
JP2005536332A5 JP2005536332A5 (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
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EP (1) | EP1546070A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4648702B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100932818B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1970516B (ja) |
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RU (1) | RU2318591C2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI272301B (ja) |
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US20080139858A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-12 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | HF alkylation process |
US8183425B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2012-05-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Ionic liquid catalyst alkylation using split reactant streams |
US7977525B2 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-07-12 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | H2SO4 alkylation by conversion of olefin feed to oligomers and sulfate esters |
US20090200205A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-13 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Sulfur extraction from straight run gasoline |
US8471082B2 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2013-06-25 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Process for converting methane to ethylene |
US8034988B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2011-10-11 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Process for the alkylation of isobutane with dilute propylene |
US8119848B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2012-02-21 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Preparation of alkylation feed |
US8084661B2 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2011-12-27 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Extraction of ASO from spent sulfuric acid using liquid SO2 |
US8492603B2 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2013-07-23 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Selectivated isoolefin dimerization using metalized resins |
US8502006B2 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2013-08-06 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Dimerization process |
WO2011143215A2 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-17 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Production of jet and other heavy fuels from isobutanol |
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US12025435B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2024-07-02 | Magēmã Technology LLC | Multi-stage device and process for production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil |
US12071592B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2024-08-27 | Magēmā Technology LLC | Multi-stage process and device utilizing structured catalyst beds and reactive distillation for the production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil |
US10655074B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2020-05-19 | Mag{hacek over (e)}m{hacek over (a)} Technology LLC | Multi-stage process and device for reducing environmental contaminates in heavy marine fuel oil |
CN112074498B (zh) | 2018-05-04 | 2024-02-02 | 鲁姆斯科技有限责任公司 | 烷基化中反向的酸和烃级联 |
WO2020242961A1 (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | Lummus Technology Llc | Flexible production of gasoline and jet fuel in alkylation reactor |
TWI801918B (zh) | 2020-06-29 | 2023-05-11 | 美商魯瑪斯科技有限責任公司 | 用於丁烯之經控制寡聚化的方法 |
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