JP4638283B2 - Multi-pole motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a multipolar motor having four or more poles capable of switching operations at two speeds or more, and more particularly to a motor used for a drive source of a vehicle wiper device.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a drive source for a vehicle wiper device such as an automobile, a brushed DC motor that has a large starting torque and can obtain a large torque at a high load has been widely used. Such a wiper motor often employs a three-brush structure capable of switching between two speeds on the motor side in accordance with the low speed / high speed operation (HI / LOW) mode of the wiper device. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a brush arrangement configuration of a wiper motor capable of switching between two speeds.

As shown in FIG. 11, the conventional wiper motor is provided with three brushes: a common brush 51a (-), a low speed (LOW) brush 51b (+), and a high speed (HI) brush 51c (+). The high speed brush 51c is disposed at a position advanced from the low speed brush 51b. For example, also JP 2002 -315274, discloses a wiper motor having a similar 3 brush structure, depending on the switch switching the driver to switch the brush to be used, to achieve a second speed operation of the wiper device Yes. Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 7-28756 discloses a wiper device using a wiper motor having a three-brush structure that realizes an intermediate speed mode between a low speed and a high speed by means of control.
JP 2002-315274 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-28756 JP 2000-166185 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-11963 JP 2001-95219 A JP 2001-112217 A JP 2002-17061 A JP 2002-58227 A JP 2002-218692 A JP 2002-233123 A JP 2002-305861 A JP 2004-56851 A JP 2004-274816 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-274821 JP 2004-289992 A

  On the other hand, conventional wiper motors are mainly two-pole motors that are structurally simple. At present, there are few multi-pole motors having four or more poles in the market. On the other hand, in recent years, adoption of a 4-pole motor capable of reducing the size and thickness of cores, magnets, yokes, and the like has been studied in response to demands for reducing the size and weight of wiper motors. However, if two-speed switching is to be realized with a motor with four-pole winding specifications, two sets of brushes for common / low speed / high speed are required as shown in FIG. 12, and a total of six brushes (51a, 51a, 51a ′, 51b, 51b ′, 51c, 51c ′) must be arranged. When the number of brushes increases in this way, the product cost increases and the brushes are close to each other, which is not preferable in terms of component layout. For this reason, in response to the demand for reduction in size and weight, there has been a problem that how to reduce the size of the four-pole motor has become the center of product development.

  The object of the present invention is to realize a switching operation of two or more speeds while suppressing an increase in the number of brushes in a 4-pole double winding type wiper motor, to reduce the size and weight of the motor, to reduce the cost, and to improve the layout. The goal is to improve.

The multipolar motor of the present invention has four or more field magnetic poles, armature windings wound in multiple windings, and a plurality of brushes arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, A multipolar motor in which an operation mode of two speeds or more is formed by selectively energizing a brush, wherein the brush includes a positive first brush, a positive second brush disposed opposite thereto, and a negative first brush. And a negative second brush arranged opposite thereto, and the operation mode includes a low speed mode in which the positive first brush and the negative first brush are energized, and a high speed in which all the four brushes are energized. A plurality of coils having a mode, a medium speed mode in which the positive first brush and the negative first and second negative brush are energized, and the armature winding is connected between adjacent commutator pieces The individual coils are formed from rotating A plurality of secondary coils arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis, and the secondary coil arranged with the coil short-circuited by the brush symmetrically with respect to the rotational axis to provide a magnetic balance in the low-speed mode. It is characterized by making it uniform .

In the present invention, for example, in a quadrupole winding motor, four brushes are equally arranged, and the motor rotation speed is changed to at least two speeds or more by appropriately controlling the energization state of each brush. be able to. Therefore, even in a multi-pole machine, the operation of two or more speeds such as HI and LO can be realized while enjoying the advantages of small size and light weight by the multi-pole machine without significantly increasing the number of brushes. In addition, the magnetic unbalance related to the armature winding, particularly the magnetic unbalance in the low-speed mode particularly frequently used in the wiper motor, is eliminated, and the durability of the motor is improved.

  In the multipolar motor, the brush includes a positive first brush, a positive second brush disposed opposite to the positive first brush, a negative first brush, and a negative second brush disposed opposite the positive brush, and the positive first brush. In addition, a low speed mode in which the negative first brush is energized and a high speed mode in which all of the four brushes are energized may be set. The multipolar motor may be further provided with a medium speed mode in which the positive first brush and the negative first and second negative brush are energized, whereby the multipolar motor is used as a wiper motor. In this case, it is possible to add a MID mode that the conventional wiper device does not have.

  In the multipolar motor, the armature winding is formed from a plurality of coils connected between adjacent commutator pieces, and a plurality of subcoils arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis are provided in the individual coils. May be. By adopting such a winding configuration, the coil short-circuited by the brush is arranged in a symmetrical positional relationship with respect to the motor rotation axis. Therefore, the magnetic imbalance related to the armature winding is eliminated, and the durability of the motor is improved.

  On the other hand, the multipolar motor may be a wiper motor used as a drive source of the vehicle wiper device.

  According to the multipolar motor of the present invention, a plurality of brushes are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in a multipolar motor having four or more field magnetic poles and armature windings wound in multiple turns. Since each brush can be selectively energized, an operation mode of 2 speeds or more can be created, so even in a multi-pole machine, the benefits of miniaturization and weight reduction can be enjoyed without significantly increasing the number of brushes. However, it is possible to realize the operation of two or more speeds such as HI and LO.

  For example, in the multipolar motor, the brush comprises a positive first brush, a positive second brush disposed opposite to the positive first brush, a negative first brush and a negative second brush disposed opposite the positive first brush, and the positive first brush. The low speed mode can be set by energizing only the negative first brush and the high speed mode can be set by energizing all four brushes. Further, by supplying current to the positive first brush and the negative first and second negative brushes, it is possible to add a medium speed mode that is not found in a conventional wiper device.

  In addition, according to the multipolar motor of the present invention, in a multipolar motor having four or more field magnetic poles and armature windings wound in multiple windings, adjacent armature windings are commutator pieces. The coil that is short-circuited by the brush rotates by adopting a winding form that is formed from a plurality of coils connected in between and that has a plurality of secondary coils arranged in point symmetry with respect to the rotation axis. Since they are arranged in a symmetrical positional relationship with respect to the axis, the magnetic imbalance related to the armature winding is eliminated, and the durability of the motor can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a wiper motor that is Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The wiper motor 1 is used as a drive source for an automobile wiper device, and includes a motor unit M and a deceleration unit R that decelerates the rotational output of the motor unit M. As shown in FIG. 1, the motor unit M has a configuration in which an armature 3 is rotatably disposed in a bottomed cylindrical motor housing 2. Two to four permanent magnets (field magnetic poles) 4 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the motor housing 2 in the circumferential direction, and the wiper motor 1 is configured with four poles by the permanent magnets 4.

  The armature 3 includes an armature core 6 fixed to the rotating shaft 5 and an armature coil (armature winding) 7 wound around the armature core 6. The left end portion of the rotating shaft 5 in the figure is rotatably supported by a bearing 8 attached to the motor housing 2, and the armature 3 is rotatably mounted in the motor housing 2. The armature core 6 is configured by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 9 and is fixed to the rotating shaft 5. A slot 11 is recessed along the axial direction on the outer periphery of the armature core 6. A winding 12 is wound between the slots 11 with multiple windings. An armature coil 7 is formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 6 by the winding 12.

  A commutator 13 is disposed adjacent to one end side of the armature core 6. The commutator 13 is externally fixed to the rotating shaft 5. A plurality of commutator pieces (commutator pieces) 14 formed of a conductive material are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 13. The commutator piece 14 is made of a plate-like metal piece that is long in the axial direction, and is fixed in parallel along the circumferential direction while being insulated from each other. A riser 15 is formed at the end of each commutator piece 14 on the armature core 6 side. A winding 12 serving as a winding start end and a winding end end of the armature coil 7 is wound around the riser 15 and fixed by fusing. Thereby, the commutator piece 14 and the armature coil 7 corresponding to this are electrically connected.

  A gear housing 16 made of aluminum die cast that constitutes the speed reduction portion R is attached to the opening end of the motor housing 2. A holder stay 17 is attached to the inside of the left end of the gear housing 16 in the drawing. As shown in FIG. 2, the holder stay 17 is provided with two pairs of brush holders 18 opposed to each other at four locations in the circumferential direction, and the motor unit M has a 4-parallel circuit 4-brush configuration. The brush holder 18 is internally provided with brushes 19 (19a to 19d) that can be moved in and out. In each brush 19, the brushes 19a and 19c and the brushes 19b and 19d have the same polarity (19a, 19c: +, 19b, 19d :-), respectively.

  The protruding tip (inner diameter side tip) of each brush 19 is in sliding contact with the commutator 13, and the brush 19 is pressed against the commutator 13 by a spring 21. A pigtail 22 is attached to each brush 19 and is electrically connected to a power source (not shown) via the pigtail 22. Electric power is supplied to the commutator 13 from an external power source via the pigtail 22 and the brush 19.

  In the gear housing 16 of the speed reducing portion R, the right end portion of the rotating shaft 5, the worm wheel 23, and the like are accommodated. A bearing 24 that rotatably supports the central portion of the rotating shaft 5 is fixed in the gear housing 16. A worm 25 is formed at the tip of the rotating shaft 5, and the worm 25 meshes with the worm wheel 23. The worm wheel 23 is fixed to the output shaft 26. When the motor unit M operates and the rotary shaft 5 rotates, the rotation is transmitted from the worm 25 to the worm wheel 23, and the output shaft 26 rotates. The output shaft 26 is connected to a wiper arm via a link mechanism (not shown), and the wiper arm performs a predetermined wiping operation as the output shaft 26 rotates.

  In the wiper motor 1 having such a configuration, the MID mode having an intermediate speed in addition to the two speeds of HI and LOW is formed by switching each brush 19 as follows. That is, the wiper motor 1 realizes three modes of “normal operation (low speed) —medium speed—high speed” with the four brushes 19 a to 19 d. 3A is an explanatory diagram showing the brush configuration of the wiper motor 1, FIG. 3B is a list showing energizing brushes in each mode, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing brush energizing states in each mode.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 (a), the brush 19 of the wiper motor 1 has four brushes 19a to 19d that are equally spaced at 90 ° intervals. Here, the brush 19a (the first positive electrode 1) Brush (+) is set to + (1), 19b (negative electrode first brush) is set to-(1), 19c (positive electrode second brush) is set to + (2), and 19d (negative electrode second brush) is set to-(2). In this case, in the LOW mode, the switches SW1 and SW2 in FIG. 4 (a) are both turned OFF, and + (1) and − (1) are energized as shown in FIGS. 3 (b)-(a). That is, + (1) and − (1) are connected to the power supply side, and only a pair of brushes are used. Therefore, the amount of supplied current is limited and the motor rotation speed is lower than when two pairs of brushes are used together (HI mode described later).

  Next, in the HI mode, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the switches SW1 and SW2 are both turned ON, and four brushes of + (1), + (2), − (1), and − (2). Are all energized (FIG. 3 (b)-(c)). In this way, when two opposed four brushes are energized, the amount of supplied current increases and the motor rotation speed is higher than when a pair of brushes (+ (1),-(1)) is energized. Become. On the other hand, in the MID mode newly established in the wiper motor 1, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the switch SW1 remains OFF and the SW2 is turned ON, and + (1),-(1) and-(2) are energized. (FIG. 3 (b)-(b)). That is, three of the four brushes 19a to 19d are used, and the amount of supply current is larger than when a pair of brushes (+ (1),-(1)) is used, but two pairs This is less than when both brushes are used. Therefore, in this case, the motor speed is intermediate between the LOW mode and the HI mode.

  As described above, in the wiper motor 1, the motor rotation speed can be changed from low speed to medium speed to high speed by controlling the energization states of the four brushes 19a to 19d as shown in FIG. That is, although the motor is a 4-pole motor, the motor speed can be switched to 2 speeds or more with four brushes. Therefore, HI, LO operation can be realized without greatly increasing the number of brushes even in multipole machines, and the MID mode not available in conventional wiper motors can be achieved while enjoying the advantages of miniaturization and weight reduction with multipole machines. It becomes possible to add. In addition, intermittent operation can be performed in each mode of HI, MID, and LOW, and a total of six modes of operation can be realized.

  On the other hand, when the control form as shown in FIG. 3B is adopted, in the LOW mode with the highest use frequency, a combination of energizing + (1) and − (1) is obtained. However, when + (1) and-(1) are energized, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the winding lengths of the parallel circuits differ between the brushes and become electrically unbalanced, and + (2 ),-(2), the armature coil 7 short-circuited is not arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotating shaft 5 and is unbalanced magnetically. Therefore, in the wiper motor 1, in order to eliminate such magnetic imbalance, individual coils connected between adjacent commutator pieces 14 are formed by a plurality of subcoils arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis. Employs a linear configuration to improve motor durability.

  FIGS. 5A to 5D are winding development views showing examples of the above-described winding forms. In the form of winding shown in FIG. 5 (a), the winding 12 is wound in two at the position where the armature core 6 faces. That is, in FIG. 5A, for example, the winding 12 started to be wound from the third commutator piece 14c is suspended around the riser 15 of the third commutator piece 14c, and then the slot 11a between the first and second teeth. And a slot 11e between the 5th and 6th teeth, and a coil 7A (subcoil) is formed. The coil 7A is wound a number of times (n / 2) that is half the predetermined number of turns n in the armature coil 7.

  Thereafter, the coil 7A is opposed to the slots 11e and 11a in the radial direction, that is, the slot 11k between the slots 11k and 11-16 between the 11th and 12th teeth which are present at a position rotated by 180 ° in the circumferential direction. The coil 7B (subcoil) is formed. The coil 7B is wound in the same direction as the coil 7A by a half number (n / 2) of the predetermined number n of turns, and then the winding 12 is connected to the fourth commutator piece 14d. Thereby, between the 3rd and 4th commutator pieces 14c and 14d, the armature coil 7 provided with a pair of coils 7A and 7B opposed in series and connected in series is formed. Similarly, between the adjacent commutator pieces 14, an armature coil 7 including a pair of coils 7 </ b> A and 7 </ b> B opposed in series and connected in series is formed.

  Next, in the winding configuration of FIG. 5 (b), the winding 12 is wound equally in all directions. That is, in FIG. 5 (b), for example, the winding 12 started from the third commutator piece 14c is wound (n / 4) turns between the slots 11a-11e (coil 7A), and then the slot 11e. From the slots 11a and 11e to the slot 11j and is wound between the slots 11f and 11j at a position shifted by 90 ° in the circumferential direction (coil 7B). Since the coil 7B faces the magnetic pole (permanent magnet 4) having a polarity different from that of the coil 7A, the winding 12 is turned by (n / 4) turns between the slots 11f-11j in the opposite winding direction to that between 11a-11e. Wrapped. Thereafter, the winding 12 is located between the slots 11k and 11o at positions shifted from the slots 11f and 11k by 90 ° in the circumferential direction from the slots 11f and 11j (180 ° opposite positions to the slots 11a and 11e). (Coil 7C; secondary coil). Between the slots 11k-11o, the winding 12 is wound (n / 4) turns in the same winding direction as between 11a-11e.

  After winding between the slots 11k-11o, the winding 12 is further directed from the slot 11o to the slot 11p, and at a position shifted by 90 ° in the circumferential direction from the slots 11k, 11o (opposite 180 ° to the slots 11f, 11j). The coil is wound between the slots 11p and 11t at the position (coil 7D; secondary coil). Between the slots 11p-11t, the winding 12 is wound (n / 4) turns in a winding direction opposite to that between 11a-11e. The winding 12 is then connected to the fourth commutator piece 14d from the slot 11p. Also in this case, the coils 7 </ b> A to 7 </ b> D are equally arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotating shaft 5, and the armature coil 7 short-circuited by the brush 19 is arranged in a symmetrical positional relationship with respect to the rotating shaft 5.

  In the winding configuration of FIG. 5 (c), the winding 12 is wound in two at opposite positions of the armature core 6 as in FIG. 5 (a). It is different from (a). Here, the winding wire 12 started to be wound from the third commutator piece 14c is first wound ((n / 2) -m) times between the slots 11a-11e. Next, the winding 12 is wound (n / 2) turns between the slots 11e and 11a and the slots 11k and 11o facing in the radial direction (coil 7B). Thereafter, the winding 12 faces from the slot 11o to the slot 11a, is wound m times between the slots 11a-11e, and is connected to the fourth commutator piece 14d. That is, between the slots 11a-11e, the winding 12 is wound (n / 2) turns together with the previous ((n / 2) -m) turns to form the coil 7A.

  In the winding configuration of FIG. 5 (d), the winding 12 is equally wound in all directions as in FIG. 5 (b), but the winding method of the winding 12 is different from (c). It has the same form as 5 (c). That is, the winding 12 started to be wound from the third commutator piece 14c is first wound ((n / 2) -m) between the slots 11a-11e. Next, in the winding 12, the coil 7B is formed between the slots 11f-11j, the coil 7C is formed between the slots 11k-11o, and the coil 7D is formed between the slots 11p-11t similarly to FIG. Thereafter, the coil 12 is wound from the slot 11p toward the slot 11a, m times between the slots 11a-11e, and connected to the fourth commutator piece 14d. That is, between the slots 11a-11e, the winding 12 is wound (n / 2) turns together with the previous ((n / 2) -m) turns to form the coil 7A.

  As described above, when the winding form illustrated in FIG. 5 is employed, the armature coil 7 short-circuited by the brush 19 is always positioned symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis 5 by the coils 7A and 7B (7C and 7D). Placed in a relationship. Therefore, the magnetic imbalance related to the armature coil 7 is eliminated, the magnetic balance is uniform even in the LOW mode, and the durability of the motor is improved. FIG. 6 shows the result of the durability test of the wiper motor 1, (a) shows the result in the HI mode, and (b) shows the result in the LOW mode.

  As shown in FIG. 6, when the winding configuration as described above is adopted, the brush wear speed is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional heavy winding. That is, in the HI mode, both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode were slightly over 1/4, and in the LOW mode, the positive electrode was about 1/5, 1/7, and the negative electrode was about 1/6, 1/20. Along with this, the durability has also been greatly improved. The HI mode is about 4.5 times higher and the LOW mode is about 20 times higher. The test in Fig. 6 is conducted at a high voltage specification (42V), which is a severer condition than the normal voltage (14V specification) of current automotive electrical components, and higher durability is obtained at the normal voltage. It is done. Further, even when the high voltage specification is adopted, it can be seen that the wiper motor 1 has sufficient durability.

  Next, as Embodiment 2 of the present invention, a mode in which the number of brushes is reduced using a pressure equalizing line (pressure equalizing member) will be described. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a brush configuration of a wiper motor that is Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The basic configuration of the wiper motor of the present embodiment is the same as that of the wiper motor 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In the following embodiments, the same members and portions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the wiper motor of this embodiment, the equipotential points of the armature coil 7 are connected by a pressure equalizing line. That is, the opposing coils of the armature coil 7 are connected by a pressure equalizing line. Thus, even if one of the brushes 19 (19p ', 19q', 19r ') facing at the same potential does not exist, the other side brush 19p (the first brush 19p) is applied to the coil fed by these brushes. Electric power is supplied from the brushes, 19q (second brush), and 19r (third brush) via a pressure equalizing line. Therefore, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 7, even if one side (19p ′, 19q ′, 19r ′) of the opposing brush 19 is reduced, there is a reduced brush due to the pressure equalization line. Similarly, power can be supplied to the armature coil 7.

  In this embodiment, the brushes 19p and 19q are used in the LOW mode. At this time, power is supplied to the armature coil 7 via the brushes 19p and 19q, but current also flows to the coils to be supplied by the brushes 19p ′ and 19q ′ via the pressure equalization line. Therefore, the motor is driven substantially in the same state as when the four brushes 19p, 19q, 19p ′, 19q ′ are energized. On the other hand, in the HI mode, the brushes 19q and 19r are used. In this case as well, power is supplied through the brushes 19q and 19r, but current also flows to the coils to be supplied by the brushes 19p ′ and 19r ′ through the pressure equalizing lines. Therefore, the motor is driven substantially in the same state as when the four brushes 19r ′, 19q, 19r, 19q ′ are energized. The brushes 19r and 19r ′ are disposed at positions advanced by (θ / 2) ° with respect to the brushes 19p ′ and 19p, and the motor rotation speed is higher in the HI mode than in the LOW mode.

  In this way, using the pressure equalization line, the number of brushes can be reduced from six to three while realizing two speeds, which is the same number of brushes as the conventional two-pole motor shown in FIG. . For this reason, although the number of motors is increased, there is no increase in cost due to an increase in the number of brushes, and there is no increase in loss around the brushes. Furthermore, it is not necessary to arrange the brush 19r for HI operation adjacent to the brush 19p 'for LOW operation, and the problem of the close arrangement of the HI and LOW brushes does not occur. Accordingly, HI and LO operations can be realized without increasing the number of brushes even in a multi-pole machine, and it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the conventional two-pole machine.

  In addition, by using a pressure equalizing line as in this embodiment, the electrical balance of the armature coil 7 is improved, the whirling force is reduced, and noise and vibration can be reduced. In addition, it is possible to obtain durability that can cope with high voltage. In the conventional two-pole machine shown in FIG. 11, the armature 3 is pushed in the direction shown by the arrow in the figure by the brushes 51a to 51c. On the other hand, in the case of the brush configuration of FIG. 7, the armature 3 is pressed from approximately three directions by the brushes 19p, 19q, and 19r. Therefore, compared with the case of FIG. 11, the brush pressing load on the armature 3 is equalized, and the rotation balance of the armature 3 is stabilized.

  Furthermore, as Embodiment 3 of the present invention, a mode in which an operation mode other than HI and LOW is added to the wiper motor of Embodiment 2 will be described. FIG. 8A is an explanatory diagram showing a brush configuration of a wiper motor that is Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 8B is a list showing energizing brushes for each mode in the motor of FIG. In the motor shown in FIG. 8, in addition to the brushes 19p, 19q, and 19r shown in FIG. 7, the 19q ′ deleted in the second embodiment is arranged so as to be shifted in the θ ° advance direction, and a brush 19s for HI operation is newly installed. To do. In FIG. 7, the brush 19r is in the HI operation mode. Here, the brush 19r advanced by (θ / 2) ° by providing the HI operation brush 19s advanced by θ is HI, It becomes a brush for MID operation in the middle of LOW.

  As shown in FIG. 8B, in the motor of FIG. 8A, the brushes 19p (+ (1)) and 19q (-(1)) are energized in the LOW mode. As in the case of the second embodiment, the motor is provided with a pressure equalizing line, and operates in the same manner as the 4-brush machine with a pair of brushes 19p and 19q although it is a 4-pole machine. Next, in the HI mode, the brushes 19p (+ (1)) and 19s (-(2)) are energized. The brush 19s is provided at a position advanced by θ ° from the arrangement position of the brush for LOW operation (in FIG. 8, the brush itself is omitted by using the pressure equalizing line), and the motor rotates at a higher speed than in the LOW mode. Operates on numbers. In addition to this, the motor is provided with a MID mode. In this case, the brushes 19r (+ (2)) and 19q (-(1)) are energized. The brush 19r is provided at a position advanced by (θ / 2) ° from the position where the brush for LOW operation (same as above) is arranged, and the motor operates at an intermediate rotational speed between the LOW mode and the HI mode.

  FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram showing a modification of FIG. 8, and FIG. 9B is a list showing energizing brushes for each mode. In the case of FIG. 9, both the brushes 19r (+ (2)) and 19s (-(2)) are provided at positions advanced by θ ′ ° from the arrangement position (same as above) of the brush for LOW operation. In this case, in the LOW mode, the brushes 19p (+ (1)) and 19q (-(1)) are energized as described above. On the other hand, in the HI mode, the brushes 19r (+ (2)) and 19s (-(2)) are energized, and an advance angle effect of θ ′ ° is obtained. Is planned. On the other hand, the MID mode has two patterns: brush 19r (+ (2)), 19q (-(1)): MID 1 or brush 19p (+ (1)), 19s (-(2)) : MID 2 is energized, and a rotational speed of (θ ′ / 2) ° advanced is obtained.

  In the form of this embodiment, in addition to the MID mode, an ultra-LOW mode that is slower than the LOW mode can be set. FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram showing a brush configuration when the ultra-low mode is set, and FIG. 10B is a list showing energization brushes for each mode in the motor of FIG. In the case of FIG. 10, the brush 19t (+ (2)) is provided at a position that is delayed by θ ° from the position where the brush for LOW operation is arranged. The other brushes are arranged in the same manner as in FIG. In this case as well, the brushes 19p (+ (1)) and 19q (-(1)) are energized in the LOW mode, and the brushes 19p (+ (1)) and 19s (-(2)) are energized in the HI mode. The In contrast, in the ultra-low mode, the brushes 19t (+ (2)) and 19q (-(1)) are energized. The brush 19t is provided at a position that is θ ° retarded (−θ ° advanced) from the arrangement position (same as above) of the LOW actuating brush, and the motor operates at a lower rotational speed than in the LOW mode.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the space that is vacated by the three-brush configuration of the second embodiment is utilized, and another brush is added thereto, so that the 4-brush configuration is the same as that of the conventional 4-pole machine. Three speeds with MID mode and ultra-low mode can be realized. In other words, new operation modes other than HI and LO operation can be realized without greatly increasing the number of brushes in multipolar machines, and various operation modes can be achieved while reducing the size and weight of conventional two-pole machines. Can be provided.

  In the second and third embodiments, a 4-pole machine has been described as an example. However, the above-described configuration may be applied to a multi-pole machine having 6 or more poles. For example, if a pressure equalization line is applied to a 6-pole machine, normally 6 brushes are required, but the LOW mode can be operated with 2 brushes. At this time, there are four spaces where the brushes are originally arranged. Therefore, four types of operation modes other than HI and LOW can be added by appropriately arranging brushes for different operation modes there. That is, the number of operation modes can be increased as the number of motors increases.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
For example, the winding form for eliminating the magnetic imbalance is not limited to the example of FIG. 5, and various forms can be adopted. In FIG. 5, the case where the number of turns of the armature coil 7 is an even number is described. However, in the case where the number of turns is an odd number, for example, the number of turns is assigned to the coils 7A and 7B by 0.5 turns. A cancellation winding can be constructed.

  On the other hand, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the motor of the present invention is used as a drive source of an automobile wiper device has been described. However, the application is not limited to this, and a power window motor, a cylindrical fan motor, etc. It can also be applied to motors for OA equipment such as in-vehicle motors and personal computers. In the case of a motor for a power window, for example, it is possible to add a function of slightly opening a window when adjusting the temperature inside the vehicle or smoking in the super low mode. In addition, an operation switching function can be added to the fan motor.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the wiper motor which is Example 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the gear housing left end surface in the wiper motor of FIG. (a) is explanatory drawing which shows the brush structure of the wiper motor of FIG. 1, (b) is a table | surface which shows the electricity supply brush in each mode. It is explanatory drawing which shows the brush electricity supply state in each mode. (a)-(d) is a coil | winding expansion | deployment figure which shows an example of the coil | winding form by this invention. FIG. 3 shows durability test results of the wiper motor according to the present invention, where (a) shows the results in the HI mode and (b) shows the results in the LOW mode. It is explanatory drawing which shows the brush structure of the wiper motor which is Example 2 of this invention. (a) is explanatory drawing which shows the brush structure of the wiper motor which is Example 3 of this invention, (b) is a table | surface which shows the electricity supply brush for every mode in the motor of (a). (a) is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of FIG. 8, (b) is a table | surface which shows the electricity supply brush for every mode in the motor of (a). (a) is explanatory drawing which shows the brush structure at the time of setting a super LOW mode, (b) is a table | surface which shows the energizing brush for every mode in the motor of (a). It is explanatory drawing which shows the brush arrangement structure of the conventional wiper motor which can switch 2 speeds. It is explanatory drawing which shows the brush arrangement structure at the time of making the conventional wiper motor into 4 poles.

Explanation of symbols

1 Wiper motor 2 Motor housing 3 Armature 4 Permanent magnet (field magnetic pole)
5 Rotating shaft 6 Armature core 7 Armature coil (armature winding)
7A to 7D Coil 8 Bearing 9 Metal plate 11 Slot 11a, 11e, 11f, 11j, 11o, 11p, 11t Slot 12 Winding 13 Commutator 14 Commutator piece (commutator piece)
14c No. 3 commutator piece 14d No. 4 commutator piece 15 Riser 16 Gear housing 17 Holder stay 18 Brush holder 19 Brush 19a Positive first brush 19b Negative first brush 19c Positive second brush 19d Negative second brush 19p, 19p 'Brush 19q, 19q 'Brushes 19r, 19r' Brushes 19s Brushes for HI actuation 19t Brushes for ultra-low actuation 21 Spring 22 Pigtail 23 Worm wheel 24 Bearing 25 Worm 26 Output shaft 51a, 51a 'Common brush 51b, 51b' Low speed brush 51c, 51c 'High speed Brush M Motor part R Deceleration part

Claims (2)

And 4 or more poles of the field magnetic poles, an armature winding installed in heavy winding, and a plurality of brushes which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, thereby selectively energizing said brush Is a multi-pole motor having an operation mode of 2 speeds or more ,
The brush includes a positive first brush, a positive second brush disposed opposite to the positive first brush, a negative first brush, and a negative second brush disposed opposite to the first brush.
The operation mode includes a low speed mode in which the positive first brush and the negative first brush are energized, a high speed mode in which all of the four brushes are energized, the positive first brush, the negative first and Medium-speed mode in which the negative electrode second brush is energized,
The armature winding is formed from a plurality of coils connected between adjacent commutator pieces,
The individual coils include a plurality of subcoils arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis,
The multi-pole motor according to claim 1, wherein the coil short-circuited by the brush is arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis by the sub-coil, and the magnetic balance in the low-speed mode is made uniform . The multipolar motor according to claim 1, wherein the multipolar motor is a wiper motor used as a drive source of a vehicle wiper device .

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