JP4635172B2 - Shrimp breeding and health management system for indoor shrimp production - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a swimming shrimp culture method using an indoor shrimp production system.

  Looking at the environment surrounding shrimp farming, China's natural shrimp was the center of export in the 1960s, but aquaculture began in Taiwan in the 1980s. Since then, the supply countries have moved southeast to Southeast Asia and India. Yes. In intensive shrimp farming since the 1980s, the drainage of drainage causes water pollution in rivers, lakes, and seas, and residual food, feces, chemical agents, and antibiotics accumulate as sludge. This causes various problems such as salt damage to the surrounding farmland, etc., causing a so-called “land-use disposable” state in which abandoned farming sites are retired and moved to uncontaminated locations. Demand for new aquaculture sites continues to change throughout Asia.

  At present, a shift to resource management type aquaculture such as the construction of an aquaculture pond in the inland area is being attempted, but it is necessary to carry out proper water management and the cost is increasing. In addition, in aquaculture ponds abandoned due to a decrease in production, etc., contamination by salt and chemical substances has become a problem, and there are situations where it is difficult to divert to agricultural land.

  On the other hand, shrimp consumption is expected to increase in developed countries, and the shrimp market conditions are unstable, such as the occurrence of shrimp competition in the international market. As a result, import volumes are expected to decline and import prices rise. ing.

  Under these circumstances, looking at shrimp catches in Japan, the catches have been decreasing due to overfishing, deterioration of the fishing ground environment, a decrease / aging of fishery workers, and international catch limits. However, the increase in imports has also affected the self-sufficiency rate. Concern about the unstable supply of the market and the fear of securing the supply amount are being screamed. As a future direction, it is required to conduct sustainable aquaculture business by introducing land culture technology that is simple, low cost, safe and has little environmental impact.

  Various shrimp terrestrial (indoor) aquaculture devices have been developed that are simple, low-cost, safe, and have little environmental impact (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).

JP 2003-23914 A JP 2003-235391 A JP 11-169011 A

  An object of this invention is to provide the method of producing shrimp efficiently using an indoor shrimp production apparatus.

  As mentioned above, shrimp production equipment has been developed. However, the development of a software method of how to raise shrimp efficiently using such a device has been insufficient.

  The inventors of the present invention are an indoor marine swimming edible shrimp production device that uses water for recirculation and uses a shrimp production device having means for eliminating sediment, and intensively studied a method for producing shrimp. went. In the production of shrimp, the present inventors, in the process from the acquisition of juvenile shrimp to the harvest of shrimp, adaptation of juvenile shrimp to the shrimp plant after seedling production, adjustment of salinity and hardness of breeding water, feeding method, water quality management -It was found that it was necessary to optimize each method of adjustment of dissolved oxygen and health management, and the conditions of each process were examined in detail, and finally the present invention was completed.

That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] Shrimp plant breeding water for adapting marine swimming edible shrimp to low-salt water and mass-culturing shrimp plant with salt concentration of 1-10ppt and hardness of 800-1800ppm.
[2] The shrimp plant breeding water according to [1], which contains sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate and potassium chloride and does not contain or contain strontium chloride.
[3] The shrimp plant breeding water according to [1] or [2], having a salinity of 5 ppt and a hardness of 1400 ppm.
[4] Shrimp plant of [3] containing 3115, 2098, 410, 82, 590, 109 and 5 g of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and strontium chloride per 1 m ^{3 of} water, respectively Breeding water.
[5] The shrimp plant breeding water according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the marine swimming edible shrimp is selected from the group consisting of Banamei, Blue Shrimp, Taisho Ubi, Banana Shrimp and Indian Shrimp.

[6] A shrimp production apparatus for indoor seawater swimming edible food, which has a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and the shrimp according to any one of [1] to [5] A method of producing shrimp using plant breeding water,
(a) Adapt the shrimp bred in seawater to the shrimp plant breeding water of [1]-[5]
(b) From the amount of remaining food recovered by means of removing sediment, the necessary feed is obtained, and the determined amount is fed.
(c) Maintain at least constant by continuously monitoring at least dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature,
(d) A method comprising periodically measuring the health status of domestic shrimp.
[7] Shrimp production apparatus for indoor seawater swimming edible shrimp, having a means for recirculating and using water and eliminating sediment, and the shrimp according to any one of [1] to [5] A method of producing shrimp using plant breeding water, wherein a portion of the seawater of juvenile shrimp reared in seawater is gradually replaced with shrimp plant breeding water according to any one of [1] to [5] A method for producing shrimp, comprising adapting juvenile shrimp to shrimp plant breeding water by completely replacing breeding water with said shrimp plant breeding water over a period of 1 to 7 days at regular intervals.
[8] The method for producing shrimp according to [7], wherein replacement with shrimp plant breeding water is repeated at intervals of 2 hours.
[9] A method for producing the shrimp according to [7] or [8], wherein feeding is performed when replacing shrimp plant breeding water.
[10] A shrimp production apparatus for indoor seawater swimming edible shrimp, having a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and a shrimp according to any one of [1] to [5] A method of producing shrimp using plant breeding water, measuring the amount of sediment recovered using the sediment exclusion means, and calculating the required amount of feed per day: formula daily feed amount = total biomass amount x daily feed A method of producing shrimp, comprising feeding by determining the rate, where total biomass amount = shrimp average body weight × initial number of released tails × expected survival rate.

[11] When shrimp are smaller than 1 g / tail, feed 12 times a day every 2 hours, and when shrimp grow above 1 g / tail, feed 5-6 times a day every 2-3 hours [ 10] A method for producing shrimp.
[12] A shrimp production apparatus for indoor seawater swimming edible shrimp, having a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and a shrimp according to any one of [1] to [5] A method of producing shrimp using plant breeding water, continuously monitoring at least dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature, dissolved oxygen to 5.0-9.0 ppm, pH to 7.0-8.3, water temperature 26.5-32 A method of producing shrimp comprising adjusting by maintaining at ℃.

[13] The method for producing shrimp according to [12], wherein water quality, dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature are maintained and managed according to the standard values shown in the following table.

[14] An indoor-type seafood swimming shrimp production shrimp production apparatus that has a means for recirculating and using water and eliminating sediment, and the shrimp according to any one of [1] to [5] A method of producing shrimp using plant breeding water, sampling shrimp during breeding periodically, observing the state of shrimp by visual or microscopic observation, monitoring shrimp abnormalities, and further regularly A method comprising managing the health of shrimp by measuring the presence or absence of a virus infection in a child.
[15] An indoor seafood swimming shrimp production device for shrimp, comprising a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and a shrimp according to any one of [1] to [5] A method of producing shrimp using plant breeding water,
(i) Replacing a part of seawater of juvenile shrimp bred in seawater with shrimp plant breeding water of any one of [1] to [5] at regular intervals, taking 1 to 7 days By completely replacing the shrimp breeding water with the shrimp plant breeding water, the shrimp is adapted to the shrimp plant breeding water,
(ii) Measure the amount of sediment recovered using the sediment exclusion means, and calculate the required daily feed amount by the formula daily feed amount = total biomass amount × daily feeding rate, where total biomass amount = shrimp average body weight × Feed by finding the number of initial release tail × expected survival rate,
(iii) continuously monitoring at least dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature, adjusting dissolved oxygen to 5.0 to 9.0 ppm, pH to 7.0 to 8.3, and water temperature to 26.5 to 32 ° C .;
(iv) Sampling shrimp at regular intervals, observing the state of shrimp by visual or microscopic observation, monitoring for shrimp abnormalities, and periodically measuring the presence or absence of virus infection in shrimp A method of producing shrimp, including performing shrimp health care.
[16] The method for producing shrimp according to any one of [6] to [15], wherein the marine swimming edible shrimp is selected from the group consisting of Banamei, Blue Shrimp, Taisho Ubi, Banana Shrimp and Indian Shrimp.

  The method of the present invention comprises the adaptation of juvenile shrimp to shrimp plant after seedling production, adjustment of salinity and hardness of breeding water, feeding, water quality management, adjustment of dissolved oxygen, and health management in the production of marine edible shrimp. Yes. The method of the present invention can be manualized for breeding management and health management, and standardized so that shrimp production can be easily performed by those who have no experience of shrimp farming or who are not shrimp experts. is doing. By the method of the present invention, shrimp can be produced efficiently and in large quantities. In addition, since low salinity water is used as breeding water, salt damage is not caused to the surroundings by waste water from a device installed on land.

  The present invention is a general shrimp cultivation and health management method applied to an apparatus used in an indoor shrimp production system-ISPS (Indoor Shrimp Production System). The indoor type means that a device installed on land is used.

  The indoor shrimp production apparatus used in the present invention is a recirculating production apparatus that recirculates water, and deposits such as shrimp excrement, molting shells, carcasses, and residual bait collected on the bottom of the rearing tank used for breeding There are means for eliminating this. The indoor shrimp production apparatus further includes oxygen supply means for supplying oxygen to the water in the aquarium. Furthermore, it may be equipped with a microorganism purification device including a circulation pump and a biofilter for mainly treating ammonia in the water in the aquarium, a wave making device for generating waves in the aquarium, and further equipped with artificial seaweed. Also good.

  For example, a belt conveyor provided at the bottom of the aquarium can be used as a means for eliminating the sediment. By providing a slope toward the underwater belt conveyor at the bottom of the aquarium, the sediment is transported to the belt conveyor and outside the aquarium by the belt conveyor. To be removed. As such a device, for example, a device described in JP-A-2003-23914 can be mentioned. Further, as a means for removing the precipitate, there is an apparatus in which a groove is provided on the bottom of the water tank, and the precipitate accumulated in the groove is recovered and removed while moving the precipitate accumulated in the groove in the groove. The apparatus has a traveling wheel for moving inside the groove and a plate-like member for collecting the deposit. The plate-like member is movably attached, and when it moves downward, it contacts the bottom surface of the groove and can collect the precipitate. The apparatus collects deposits in the groove by a plate-like member and removes it out of the water tank while traveling inside the groove by the traction means. The device is a device that moves to a predetermined position in order to eliminate the sediment accumulated in the groove, and a main body portion provided with a traveling wheel so as to be able to travel inside the groove, and a lower end side of the device. A plate-like member pivotally attached to the front end of the main body so as to rotate until it comes into contact with the bottom surface of the groove; a measure-like body hooked on the plate-like member; and the main body in either of the front and rear directions Traction means for pulling the measure-like body to run, and the lower plate side abuts against the bottom surface of the groove when the plate-like member is pulled by the traction means to run the main body in the forward direction. The main body portion is moved so that a gap is formed between the lower end side and the bottom surface of the groove when the measure body is pulled to move the main body portion backward to the predetermined position while scraping. A means for eliminating the precipitate, which is pivotally attached to the above, is mentioned. What is necessary is just to provide the gradient which goes to a groove | channel in the bottom face of a water tank. By using this exclusion means, when the plate member is pulled by the traction means through the measure body so as to run the main body portion in the forward direction, the lower end side of the plate member comes into contact with the bottom surface of the groove, and the sediment is removed. It is possible to move to a predetermined location of the groove while scraping, and conversely, when the plate member is pulled by the traction means through the measure body so as to run the main body portion backward, the lower end side of the plate member and Since a gap is formed between the bottom surface of the groove, the lower end side of the plate-like member is prevented from pushing back the sediment in the reverse direction even when the main body is moved backward. Therefore, by reciprocating the main body part in the front-rear direction, it becomes possible to efficiently collect the sediment accumulated in the groove on the bottom of the water tank up to a predetermined location. Maintenance of the sediment removal means can be facilitated.

  In order to collect the precipitate to the means for eliminating the precipitate, for example, it is performed by generating a wave by a wave forming means described later. That is, the precipitates move on the bottom according to the gradient by the waves generated by the wave making means and are collected on the belt conveyor or groove on the bottom of the water tank.

  The oxygen supply means may supply oxygen or air containing a large amount of oxygen to the bottom of the water tank in the form of bubbles, or supersaturated oxygen water using an oxygen mixer that generates water containing oxygen from water and oxygen. You may manufacture and supply the said supersaturated oxygen water to a water tank.

  The purification device includes, for example, sterilization means for sterilizing fungi generated in the aquaculture tank, a sedimentation tank for separating the precipitate removed from the culture tank into solid and moisture, and a bio for biodegrading ammonia. A water tank provided with a filter, a water tank for storing up to a predetermined amount of water treated in the water tank, and means for increasing dissolved oxygen in the water treated in the water tank. The water purified by the purification device may be supplied to the wave making device and used for wave making.

  The artificial seaweed is, for example, a string made of seaweed-like high-density polyethylene, FRP, nylon, or the like, and is used by being suspended in the water tank so that the lower end is in contact with the bottom of the water tank. Artificial seaweeds sway due to the waves generated by the wave generator, and the portion in contact with the bottom of the aquarium moves the precipitates, so that the precipitates are carried to a means for removing the precipitates. Artificial seaweed also serves as a retreat for shrimp molting and contributes to shrimp stress reduction. As the artificial seaweed rocks in the breeding tank, the shrimp begins to swim, and this is an appropriate exercise for the shrimp, tightening itself and improving its quality.

  When the above-mentioned indoor shrimp production device is used, it can be grown at high density and in a short period of time compared to the general shrimp farming method, and efficient production is possible, so high yield and high profit can be realized. . Moreover, in the production method of the present invention, water quality management based on HACCP is thoroughly carried out, and production can be performed without using any chemicals or additives. In addition, SPF (specific pathogen free: not having a specific pathogen) juvenile shrimp and good quality food, so high quality and safe shrimp can be produced. Furthermore, the shrimp can be made quickly by circulating water vertically, making the oxygen concentration in the water uniform, and giving the shrimp an appropriate movement. The conventional aquaculture system on the sea surface has the problems of marine contamination due to food leftovers and excrement, and the accompanying illness, but when using the above-mentioned indoor shrimp production equipment, water quality management technology Therefore, the water is drained after improving the water quality to below the water quality standard, so it does not pollute the environment. In addition, it is possible to circulate and use water by adding a hydroponics system (aquaponics) that produces watercress using wastewater. Furthermore, the operation of the above-mentioned indoor shrimp production apparatus is automated / manualized, water quality, water temperature, etc. are automatically managed and no special techniques are required. Because of the packaged system, you can engage in shrimp production without having aquaculture experience.

The shrimp that is the subject of the present invention is an edible shrimp and is a swimming species that swims in marine water. Further, the shrimp targeted by the present invention lives in a soft mud environment. Examples of such shrimp include shrimp belonging to the VI-9 sub-nets, soft crustacean snails, and decapod swimming in the Crustacea of the VI net in the animal classification table. Not to dive in the sand among this vannamei (white shrimp) (Litopenaeus vannamei), Kouraiebi (Taisho shrimp) (Penaeus chinesis), blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris), banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), cited Indoebi (Penaeus indicus), etc. It is done. In addition, shrimp (for example, prawns) that inhabit the sandy mud environment and have a property of getting into the sand are not suitable because they may be submerged in the sediment and removed by the removing device.

  The method of the present invention includes (1) a method for adapting juvenile shrimp to a shrimp plant after seedling production, (2) a method for adjusting salinity / hardness of breeding water, (3) a feeding method, (4) water quality management / dissolved oxygen An adjustment method, and (5) a health management method.

(1) Method of adapting juvenile shrimp to shrimp plant after seedling production In the method of the present invention, shrimp breeding is performed using water having a low salt concentration and a certain hardness. Low salinity can reduce the cost of breeding water, and prawn molting and growth requires water containing a certain amount of calcium and magnesium and having a certain hardness. Shrimp eggs are hatched in seawater and transformed into zoea, misis, and post-rava after being hatched, and post-raba is treated as seedlings for shrimp farming. In the production of shrimp using the method of the present invention, about 0.01 g / tail shrimp seedling (fry shrimp) produced in seawater (post-rava: PL8-12 (8-12 is the number of days since becoming post-rava) Must be adapted to water with low salinity in a short period of time. In the present invention, water having a low salt concentration and a certain hardness used for shrimp production is called shrimp plant breeding water. The salinity and hardness of seawater used for the production of post-rava are about 28 ppt (28 ‰) and about 6000 ppm or more, respectively. On the other hand, the salinity and hardness of shrimp plant breeding water are 1 to 10 ppt and 800 to 1800 ppm, respectively. Here, the salt concentration is a value obtained by converting salts contained in water into the amount of sodium, and can be determined by measuring the electrical conductivity (EC) of water. Hardness refers to the value obtained by converting the amount of calcium and magnesium in water into the amount of calcium carbonate (American-type hardness). Hardness = (calcium content x 2.5) + (magnesium content x 4) (ppm, mg / L).

  Shrimp acclimatization takes place in an acclimatization tank. The size of the adaptation water tank can be appropriately determined according to the amount of juvenile shrimp to be adapted. For example, if a 500 L water tank is used, about 100,000 juvenile shrimp can be adapted. Adaptation is done in stages. That is, breeding is first started with seawater, a part of the water is replaced with the shrimp plant breeding water at regular intervals, and finally all the water is replaced with shrimp plant breeding water. The replacement may be performed once every several hours, for example, 2 hours, and 10 to 30% of water may be replaced at a time, and finally it may be performed over 1 to 7 days. For example, when a 500 L water tank is used, 100 liters of water may be replaced every 2 hours from the first time to the sixth time, and 100 liters from the first time to the fifth time. At this time, when the final salt concentration is adjusted to 5 ppt, the entire amount can be replaced in one day, and when the salt concentration is adjusted to 1 ppt, the entire amount can be replaced over 3 to 7 days.

  In addition, it is preferable to perform the feeding at the time of adaptation at the time of replacement | exchange of breeding water, and if it feeds by such a method, the quantity of the waste thrown away wastefully can be reduced. For example, when water is replaced every 2 hours, feeding may be performed every 2 hours.

(2) Method of breeding by adjusting the salinity and hardness of the breeding water Acclimatized shrimp are grown in the application tank (initial breeding tank) for about 6 weeks and grown to 1 g / tail, and then a larger plant tank. You may move on. Moreover, you may perform initial growth from the adaptation in the same plant water tank. The size of the aquarium may be appropriately determined depending on the number of shrimps to be bred and produced. For example, if a 20-ton aquarium is used, 150,000 shrimps can be produced and harvested. The shrimp plant breeding water may be put in the plant aquarium and the shrimp breeded.

  Since the salinity and hardness of the breeding water may fluctuate due to evaporation of water, etc., monitor the salinity and hardness regularly, and if it fluctuates, use a hardness-adjusting salt mainly containing water or magnesium chloride and magnesium chloride. What is necessary is just to adjust salt concentration and hardness by adding.

(3) Feeding method In the method of the present invention, by periodically measuring the amount of uneaten food in the sediment removed using the sediment exclusion means, the amount of feed required at that time is obtained and feeding is performed. To do. In other words, the total amount of shrimp in the breeding tank is estimated as in existing aquaculture, and what percentage of the shrimp is fed. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately adjust the exact total amount of shrimp and the required amount of feeding at that time, and dramatically increase the feeding efficiency and increase the growth rate of shrimp. Furthermore, by taking such a feeding method, the amount of uneaten food can be reduced, so that contamination of water can be prevented.

The planned daily feed amount is calculated from the following.
Daily feed amount = total biomass amount × daily feed rate where: total biomass amount = shrimp average body weight × initial number of released tails × expected survival rate. Further, the daily feeding rate is determined by the food, and a value determined by the food supply company may be used. However, according to the method of the present invention, the amount of leftover food can be measured, and the daily feeding rate may be changed each time based on the amount of leftover food.

  The amount of feeding per time is determined based on the feeding frequency shown in the table below as the basic feeding amount, and the actual feeding amount may be increased or decreased as appropriate according to the remaining feeding amount.

  Feeding is done regularly throughout the day until the shrimp grows to PL10-1g. Preferably, it is performed 12 times a day every 2 hours. When the shrimp weight is 1 g or more, it is sufficient to feed only during the daytime, and the frequency is 5 to 6 times a day every 2 to 3 hours.

  According to the method of the present invention, the coefficient of increase in meat can be increased, and in the conventional culture of amberjack, yellowtail, prawn, etc., about 4 kg of food is required to grow 1 kg of cultured fish. According to the method of the invention, about 1.5 kg, preferably about 1.2 kg of food is sufficient to grow 1 kg of shrimp.

(4) Water Quality Management / Dissolved Oxygen Adjustment Method In the method of the present invention, water quality, water temperature and dissolved oxygen amount are regularly monitored and maintained constant. In particular, at least dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature are constantly monitored by continuously monitoring them. The standards of water quality, water temperature and dissolved oxygen amount for shrimp growth are as shown in Table 6 below. Dissolved oxygen is 5.0 to 9.0 ppm, pH is 7.0 to 8.3, and water temperature is 26.5 to 32 ° C. The water temperature is preferably maintained at 28 ± 1.5 ° C. The dissolved oxygen can be adjusted using an oxygen supply means provided in the apparatus, and the pH can be adjusted appropriately using an acidic solution such as hydrochloric acid or a basic solution such as sodium hydroxide solution. Further, the water temperature can be adjusted using a combination of a thermostat, a heater, and a cooler.

(5) Health Management Method In the method of the present invention, the health management of the shrimp bred further is performed. Health management may be performed by observing the body weight, swimming activity, feces formation, shell trauma, food intake, and wrinkles with the naked eye and under a microscope. Such management may be performed periodically, preferably by selecting and sampling shrimp at random every two weeks. In addition, the presence or absence of viral infection is also measured periodically. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is known as a main virus that infects shrimps, and these can be measured by a commercially available detection kit or PCR using appropriate primers. As a commercially available detection kit, there is Shrimp-WSSV (manufactured by Enbiotech Laboratories, Inc.). Moreover, it can measure by the method of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2003-135059. If shrimp are found to be abnormal, such as a disease, the breeding will be stopped.

  The method of the present invention is the method according to the above (1) to (5) in the method of cultivating shrimp belonging to seawater swimming using an indoor shrimp production apparatus including at least means for eliminating sediment and means for supplying oxygen. It is a method including any method.

  When shrimp are produced by the method of the present invention, it takes 1 to 7 days to adapt, and then is reared in a normal applied water tank for 5 to 6 weeks. When the shrimp grows to 1 g / tail or more, it is transferred to a plant aquarium where it is raised for 8-12 weeks. It can be harvested when it finally grows to about 15g / tail. Therefore, it can be harvested in about 14-18 weeks from the start of adaptation of juvenile shrimp. Annual production is possible 3-4 times using one device.

The present invention further includes shrimp plant breeding water used in the method of the present invention.
The shrimp plant breeding water has a salinity of 1 to 10 ppt, preferably 2 to 7 ppt, more preferably 2 to 5 ppt, particularly preferably 5 ppt, and a hardness of 800 to 1800 ppm, preferably 1200 to 1600 ppm, more preferably. 1400ppm. The shrimp plant breeding water contains at least sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and may further contain sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and strontium chloride.

For example, components of shrimp plant breeding water having a salinity of 5 ppt, a hardness of 1400 ppm, a salinity of 2 ppt, and a hardness of 1400 ppm are as shown below. The following is g per water 1.0 m ^3.

No.1 breeding water Salinity 5ppt, Hardness 1400ppm
Sodium chloride 3115
Magnesium chloride 2098
Calcium chloride 410
Sodium bicarbonate 82
Sodium sulfate 590
Potassium chloride 109
Strontium chloride 5

Growth water No.2 Salinity 2ppt, Hardness 1400ppm
Sodium chloride 312
Magnesium chloride 2010
Calcium chloride 391
Sodium bicarbonate 78
Sodium sulfate 59
Potassium chloride 11
Strontium chloride 0.50

The composition of water with a salinity of 2 ppt and a hardness of 500 ppm is shown below for reference.
Growth water No.3 Salinity 2ppt, Hardness 500ppm
Sodium chloride 312
Magnesium chloride 660
Calcium chloride 131
Sodium bicarbonate 28
Sodium sulfate 59
Potassium chloride 11
Strontium chloride 0.50

  The salinity concentration and hardness of the cultivating water can be appropriately adjusted by changing the amount of the above components. Moreover, it can adjust also by diluting and mixing said breeding water No.1-No.3 suitably.

  For example, by diluting and mixing the above composition water, water having the salinity and hardness shown in Table 1 can be obtained.

  The present invention will be specifically described by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

  Shrimp was produced using an indoor shrimp production system (ISPS) that IMT Co., Ltd. has. The ISPS is a device having a sediment removing means. The sediment removing means of the device described in JP-A-2003-23914 is provided with a groove on the bottom of the water tank, and the sediment accumulated in the groove is passed through the groove. This is a device that is changed to a means for collecting and removing the sediment accumulated in the groove while moving.

Banamei was used as shrimp to be bred. As the bait, shrimp star (manufactured by Higashimaru Co., Ltd.) was used. The ingredients of the bait are as follows.
Water: 10% or less Crude protein: 49% or more Crude fat: 7% or more Crude ash: 14% or less Carbohydrate Others: 20% or less

(1) Adaptation of juvenile shrimp Banamei seedlings (post-rava: PL8-12) were purchased from a dealer (Hawaii, USA). Since PL production is usually performed in seawater above 28ppt, it is necessary to adapt to the water quality conditions of the indoor shrimp production system. In this example, juvenile shrimp were adapted to a low salinity environment using an adaptive water tank (500 liters) from 28 ppt to 5 ppt per day.

  Banamei can be bred in breeding water close to fresh water, but requires salt content close to seawater for maturation and egg laying. That is, eggs hatch in seawater rather than fresh water. From this, it is necessary to lower the salinity of shrimp shrimp plant breeding water to a certain level in order to carry out freshwater culture of vaname. However, it has not been investigated under what conditions it is most efficient to adapt to fresh water. Therefore, in order to ascertain the optimal conditions for acclimation to freshwater, post-larvae on the 28th day after hatching, which had been bred at a salinity of 28 ppt, were used for breeding water at a salinity of 1 ppt and 5 ppt for 1 day They were acclimatized in stages over 3 days and 7 days, and the survival rate of each group was examined. Table 2 shows the composition of breeding water with a salinity of 5 ppt.

  For example, when acclimatizing shrimp plant breeding water from 28ppt or more to 5ppt in one day, use the acclimatized water tank (500 liters), drain the amount from the acclimatized water tank, and then immediately raise the same amount of breeding water (5ppt) as the amount of drainage. After performing the operation | work which supplies water to an adaptation water tank 12 times, it discharged | emitted from the adaptation water tank to the breeding water tank. The amount of drainage and water supply at this time was 100 liters from the first time to the sixth time, and 150 liters from the seventh time to the twelfth time. The above operation was performed in accordance with the feeding time every 2 hours. Feeding was performed after the drainage and water supply operations were completed.

  As a result, in both acclimation tests to salt concentrations of 1 ppt and 5 ppt, the survival rate was higher in the gradual acclimation than in the gradual acclimation (FIG. 1). In particular, in acclimatization to breeding water having a salinity of 1 ppt, the survival rate was higher when time was spent (FIG. 1).

(2) Adjustment of salinity and hardness In order to grasp the optimal breeding conditions for vanamay, the juvenile shrimp of vanamei was reared for 3 months in breeding water combining the conditions of salt concentration of 1.5ppt to 30ppt and hardness of 450ppm to 5000ppm. And the growth rate and survival rate of the vaname of each experimental group were investigated over time. Shrimp bred in 100% seawater (saline 30ppt, hardness 5000ppm) and shrimp plant bred water (salt 5ppt, hardness 1400ppm) were bred in 2 groups (salt 1.5ppt, hardness 450ppm and salinity). The weight gain rate and body growth rate were significantly higher than those of 2 ppt and hardness of 1300 ppm (FIG. 2). In addition, the growth rate of shrimp bred in shrimp plant breeding water was slightly better than the group bred in 100% seawater (Fig. 2). Survival rates were higher for the shrimp plant and 100% seawater groups than for the two groups that were reared at low salinity.

  In the case of growing water, by adjusting sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, etc., we started growing in artificial seawater with a salinity of 5.0ppt and total hardness of 1500ppm. From the week, hardness adjusting salts (magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, etc.) were added to the growing water.

  In addition, in order to confirm the basic performance of the plant, we conducted a growth test from PL to the shipping size, and acquired various data related to the water purification system, recovery system for residual food, etc. The average body weight of individuals increased from 0.003g to 18.67g after 20 weeks including the initial breeding institution. Compared to the first-year breeding test, the growth was inferior until the 14th week, but at the 16th week, the growth rate was the same. Actual data is shown in FIG.

  Compared to the first year of the initial growth by the ginger method, the growth rate increased from 0.0125 g / day (40 days = 0.5 g) to 0.0152 g / day (46 days = 0.7 g) in the second year. The survival rate was slightly inferior compared to the first year. The survival rate at the completion of the experiment was greatly improved from 47% to 71%, although the breeding period was extended by 3 weeks this year.

  The pool bottom sediment recovery device introduced in the second year's study ensured the recovery of residual food, moribund shrimp, and molting shells, so the water quality during the experiment period was the water temperature, pH, DO value, Nitrogen could keep the target value.

(3) Feeding method The planned daily feed amount was calculated using the following formula.
Daily feeding amount = total biomass amount x daily feeding rate where: total biomass amount = shrimp average body weight x initial number of released tails x expected survival rate The serving amount per serving is the basic feeding amount calculated by the feeding frequency shown in Table 4 The actual feed amount was appropriately increased or decreased depending on the remaining feed amount.

  Samples of the feeding schedule are as shown in the table below (Table 5).

(4) Water quality management and adjustment of dissolved oxygen
(i) Water quality management The water quality of the breeding water was controlled to meet the criteria shown in Table 6 below. In addition, about the water temperature, the growth was remarkably improved by controlling at 28 ° C. ± 1.5 ° C.

(ii) Preparation of dissolved oxygen Oxygen consumption was measured by adding the conditions immediately after feeding in individuals with body weights of 1 g, 5 g, and 10 g of the banana grown in the plant. In the normal state, it was 0.4 to 0.5 mg / g · hr, but the results showed that the oxygen consumption after feeding was approximately doubled at 1 g size. With the same growth as the results of the first year, except for immediately after feeding 1g size, the plant growth water (5ppt) showed significantly higher oxygen demand than the artificial seawater (32ppt). In addition to the amount of shrimp required, the amount of oxygen consumed in the plant was 0.48 mg / lit · hr. As can be seen from FIG. 5, it was found that the oxygen consumption at each growth stage changes. This value is twice that of prawns and 1.5 times that of black tigers. This indicates that the design of the oxygen supply function of the production plant in Banamae is a very important factor. For this reason, it was found that it was necessary to comprehensively study and design the mixing efficiency of the oxygen mixer, the supply capacity of oxygen water, the capacity of the oxygen generator, and the like.

  In addition, the amount of oxygen required and the total weight of shrimp differ from the initial growth and after 10 g, and the required amount of oxygen also changes. It was thus found that the amount of dissolved oxygen must be controlled from the energy efficiency. The amount of dissolved oxygen was adjusted to 5-9 ppm.

(5) Health management Every two weeks during the growth test period, we visually examined the weight, swimming activity, feces formation, shell trauma, feeding status, and cocoon status of 20 randomly selected shrimps from the pool. And it observed with the microscope (FIG. 6). FIG. 6 shows an example of a health care survey. The left is an individual with a normal crust, the center is an individual with mold and bacteria attached to the trauma of the crust, and the right is an example of a survey of feeding conditions. Observe the intestinal occupancy by food with the naked eye. The top is 100% (assuming 4) and the bottom is 25% (assuming 1). The average of 20 is preferably 3 or more. Individuals before and after molting do not consume food.

  In addition, three times during the test period, the presence or absence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), a major virus, was examined using a commercially available Shrimple kit (Shrimp Blue WSSV, manufactured by Enbiotech Laboratories) and PCR. . 60 fish were used for one virus check. If all three were negative, it was judged that the pathogen was not in the plant, including WSSV, during the cultivation period.

It is a figure which shows the survival rate of a post-raba at the time of making it adapt to a fresh water in steps. It is a figure which shows the comparison of the body weight and body growth of the Banamei raised for 3 months on the conditions which combined different salt concentration and hardness. It is a figure which shows the Example of salt content and hardness adjustment. It is a figure which shows the shrimp growth rate in the plant performed twice. It is a figure which shows the oxygen consumption of Vanname. It is a figure which shows the mode of the shrimp during the breeding which performed health management.

Claims (16)

Shrimp plant breeding water for adapting seawater swimming shrimp edible shrimp to sand with low salt concentration water and mass-culturing shrimp with salinity of 1-10ppt and hardness of 800-1800ppm Plant breeding water.   The shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1, comprising sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate and potassium chloride, with or without strontium chloride.   The shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1 or 2, having a salinity of 5ppt and a hardness of 1400ppm. The shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 3, comprising 3115, 2098, 410, 82, 590, 109 and 5 g of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and strontium chloride per 1 m ^{3 of} water, respectively. . The shrimp plant breeding water according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the marine swimming edible shrimp that does not penetrate into the sand is selected from the group consisting of Baname and Blue Shrimp . An indoor-type seafood swimming shrimp production device that does not break into sand, and has a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and any one of claims 1 to 5 A method for producing shrimp using shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1,
(a) Adapting the shrimp bred in seawater to the shrimp plant breeding water according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
(b) From the amount of remaining food recovered by means of removing sediment, the necessary feed is obtained, and the determined amount is fed.
(c) Maintain at least constant by continuously monitoring at least dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature,
(d) A method comprising periodically measuring the health status of domestic shrimp. An indoor-type seafood swimming shrimp production device that does not break into sand, and has a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and any one of claims 1 to 5 A method for producing shrimp using the shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1, wherein a part of the seawater of juvenile shrimp reared with seawater is stepwise. Replacing with shrimp plant breeding water at regular intervals, including adapting juvenile shrimp to shrimp plant breeding water by completely replacing the breeding water with said shrimp plant breeding water over 1 to 7 days, How to produce shrimp.   The method for producing shrimp according to claim 7, wherein the replacement with shrimp plant breeding water is repeated at intervals of 2 hours.   The method for producing shrimp according to claim 7 or 8, wherein feeding is performed during replacement of shrimp plant breeding water. An indoor-type seafood swimming shrimp production device that does not break into sand, and has a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and any one of claims 1 to 5 A method for producing shrimp using shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1, wherein the amount of sediment recovered using the sediment exclusion means is measured, and the amount of feed required per day is expressed as the formula daily feed amount. A method for producing shrimp, comprising: feeding according to the following formula: total biomass amount × daily feeding rate, where total biomass amount = shrimp average body weight × initial number of released tails × expected survival rate.   11. When shrimp is smaller than 1 g / tail, feed 12 times a day every 2 hours, and when shrimp grows over 1 g / tail, feed 5-6 times per day every 2-3 hours How to produce shrimp. An indoor-type seafood swimming shrimp production device that does not break into sand, and has a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and any one of claims 1 to 5 A method for producing shrimp using shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1, wherein at least dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature are continuously monitored, dissolved oxygen is 5.0-9.0 ppm, and pH is 7.0-8.3. A method for producing shrimp, comprising adjusting the water temperature by maintaining the water temperature at 26.5 to 32 ° C. The method for producing shrimp according to claim 12, wherein the water quality, dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature are maintained and managed according to the reference values shown in the following table.

An indoor-type seafood swimming shrimp production device that does not break into sand, and has a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and any one of claims 1 to 5 A method of producing shrimp using the shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1, wherein the shrimp currently being reared is sampled, the state of the shrimp is observed visually or under a microscope, and the abnormality of the shrimp is monitored. And further performing a health management of the shrimp by periodically measuring the presence or absence of the virus in the shrimp. An indoor-type seafood swimming shrimp production device that does not break into sand, and has a means for recirculating and using water to eliminate sediment, and any one of claims 1 to 5 A method for producing shrimp using shrimp plant breeding water according to claim 1,
(i) Replacing a portion of juvenile shrimp seawater bred in seawater with shrimp plant breeding water according to any one of claims 1 to 5 at regular intervals, from 1 day to 7 days The shrimp is adapted to the shrimp plant breeding water by completely replacing the breeding water with the shrimp plant breeding water,
(ii) Measure the amount of sediment recovered using the sediment exclusion means, and calculate the required daily feed amount by the formula daily feed amount = total biomass amount × daily feeding rate, where total biomass amount = shrimp average body weight × Feed by finding the number of initial release tail × expected survival rate,
(iii) continuously monitoring at least dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature, adjusting dissolved oxygen to 5.0 to 9.0 ppm, pH to 7.0 to 8.3, and water temperature to 26.5 to 32 ° C .;
(iv) Sampling shrimp at regular intervals, observing the state of shrimp by visual or microscopic observation, monitoring for shrimp abnormalities, and periodically measuring the presence or absence of virus infection in shrimp A method of producing shrimp, including performing shrimp health care. The method for producing shrimp according to any one of claims 6 to 15, wherein the marine swimming edible shrimp that does not penetrate into the sand is selected from the group consisting of vaname and blue shrimp .

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