JP4633896B2 - Algicidal fungicide - Google Patents

Algicidal fungicide Download PDF

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JP4633896B2
JP4633896B2 JP2000245848A JP2000245848A JP4633896B2 JP 4633896 B2 JP4633896 B2 JP 4633896B2 JP 2000245848 A JP2000245848 A JP 2000245848A JP 2000245848 A JP2000245848 A JP 2000245848A JP 4633896 B2 JP4633896 B2 JP 4633896B2
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acid
algicidal
paraoxybenzoate
fungicide
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JP2002053409A (en
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一彦 奥薗
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Daiichi Seimo Co Ltd
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Daiichi Seimo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、海苔養殖中に発生する珪藻、アオノリ等の雑藻類及び赤腐れ菌、壷状菌、付着細菌等の病害菌を駆除する殺藻殺菌剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
海苔養殖において、珪藻等の雑藻類が繁殖し海苔葉体又は海苔網に付着すると海苔の成育を阻害し、ひいては死滅させてしまうこともある。成育に問題ない位の珪藻が葉体に付着していても、その原藻を製品にした場合、黒い乾海苔の中に緑色の斑点が入ってしまい商品価値が低下してしまう。食べても苦くておいしくない海苔になってしまう。珪藻の混入が多いときには、売り物に成らなくなることがある。そのため、珪藻等の雑藻類を駆除するために酸性処理や千出という作業が行われている。又、海苔養殖中に赤腐れ菌、壷状菌、付着細菌等の発生により海苔が腐敗してしまうことがある。
現在では、クエン酸、リンゴ酸等を主成分とする製品の10〜20倍液(クエン酸の2〜5%濃度)にて3分以内の潜り船による酸処理を行っており、経費増及び環境への負荷が大きな問題となっている。
【0003】
今までに、下記に示すような海苔養殖用の処理剤が開示されている。
特開昭50−121425号公報には、「炭素数1ないし4の飽和脂肪族モノカルボン酸、炭素数2ないし4の飽和または不飽和ジカルボン酸、グリコール酸、乳酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸から成る群から選ばれた有機カルボン酸の一種又は二種以上を有効成分として含有する殺藻剤」とある。プロピオン酸も例として挙げてはいるが積極的に実施した記載はない。又、この公報の技術は、網に付着するアオノリ等の海藻すべてを駆除するものであり、海苔を傷めることなく他の藻類を選択的に駆除するものではない。
【0004】
特開平8−157309号公報には、「プロピオン酸の水溶液に、アジピン酸、コハク酸、モノクロル酢酸、ジクロル酢酸、トリクロル酢酸、クエン酸、グルコン酸、フマル酸、ギ酸、乳酸、ケトグルタル酸、フイチン酸、リン酸、塩酸、酒石酸、硫酸、硝酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、グルタル酸、酪酸よりなる群より選んだ少なくとも1種を配合してなる養殖海苔の赤腐れ病駆除剤」とある。プロピオン酸と他の酸との組み合わせにより赤腐れ菌の駆除効果が高くなることが記載されている。殺藻効果及びパラオキシ安息香酸エステルの併用についての記載や示唆はない。
【0005】
特開昭48−36328号公報には、「アマノリ類に抗菌性薬剤、バラヒドロキシ安息香酸及び又はそのエステル類を非イオン性界面活性剤と併用して処理することを特徴とするアマノリ類の赤腐れ病防除法」が記載されている。プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸との併用についての記載や示唆はない。
【0006】
特開平11−286407号公報には、「乳酸及び/又は酢酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルとを含有することを特徴とするケイソウ駆除用処理剤」が記載されている。後述する比較例においては実際に効果が十分にみられてないものである。
【0007】
この他に、特公昭60−13647号公報には、「クエン酸0.3〜5.0%を含み、PHが1.0〜6.0の処理液に浸漬させる雑藻、病害の駆除、予防による海苔養殖法」が記載されている。
特公昭60−13648号公報には、「塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸などの無機酸を添加してpHl.0〜4.0とする雑藻、病害の駆除、予防による海苔養殖法」が記載されている。
特公昭60−21950号公報には、「フイチン酸又はその塩を有効成分とする海苔養殖用肥料、赤腐れ菌に対する予防効果、珪藻駆除効果」が開示されている。
【0008】
これら公報に記載された技術では、5〜30分という長い浸漬時間が必要なため、より短時間での処理を必要とされてきた今日には通用しない技術と成ってきた。又、タビュラリアという耐酸性の強い珪藻が多量発生するようになり、有機酸、無機酸等を使用する酸性処理では駆除することができない状況となっている。
最近では、一軒当たりの養殖枚数が増加したために、1枚当たりの処理に要する時間を短くせざるを得なくなり、潜り船という酸処理方法が普及している。接触時間が10秒から120秒と非常に短くなっているため、より短時間で効果のある雑藻(耐酸性の強いタビュラリア等の珪藻)、病害駆除剤が必要となってきている。特に、珪藻駆除効果の高い製剤の開発が切望されている。
従って、従来技術の殺藻剤では、珪藻、アオノリ等の雑藻類及び赤腐れ菌、壷状菌、付着細菌等の病害菌を短時間で駆除する効果が不十分となってきている。
特に耐酸性の強いタビュラリア等の珪藻類に対しては全く効果がない。また、従来のようにクエン酸、リンゴ酸等を主成分としたのでは、経費増及び環境への負荷が大きな不具合となっている。
【0009】
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術の課題及び要望に応えるためになされたものであり、海苔自体に害を与えることなく、珪藻、アオノリ等の雑藻類及び赤腐れ菌、壷状菌、付着細菌等の病害菌を短時間で且つ経済的に駆除する薬剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
本発明者は、上記従来技術の課題及び要望に鑑み、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを併用することによって珪藻、アオノリ等の雑藻類及び赤腐れ菌、壷状菌、付着細菌等の病害菌を120秒以下の短時間で駆除できることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。即ち、本発明は次の通りである。
(1)海苔養殖時に発生する雑藻、病害の駆除予防を行う殺藻殺菌剤であって、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを主成分とし、パラオキシ安息香酸エステルが、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソフロピルの中の1種以上とすることを特徴とする殺藻殺菌剤。
(2)パラオキシ安息香酸エステルが、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、及びパラオキシ安息香酸ブチルをそれぞれ順番に30〜50:20〜40:20〜40の比率で総和が100となる3元混合物であることを特徴とすることを特徴とする前記(1)記載の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌剤。
(3)殺藻殺菌の処理時におけるプロピオン酸濃度が0.01〜0.5W/V%の範囲であり、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル濃度が0.001〜0.5W/V%の範囲の範囲であることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)記載の殺藻殺菌剤。
(4)pH調整剤として、有機酸、及び無機酸の中の1種以上を含有することを特徴とする前記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌剤。
(5)塩(しお)を添加することを特徴とする(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌剤。
(6)(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の殺藻殺菌剤で、120秒以下で処理することを特徴とする海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌方法。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を詳しく説明する。
本発明の殺藻殺菌剤は、殺藻殺菌の処理時に海水又は水に希釈、添加、或いはそのまま使用され、海苔養殖時に発生する雑藻、病害の駆除予防を行うものであり、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを主成分とする。
【0012】
本発明の殺藻殺菌剤は殺藻殺菌の処理時或いは使用時に海水又は水などで希釈して使用される。その希釈倍率は、好ましくは50〜500倍であるが、これに限るものではない、その製剤としての使用態様に応じて倍率を決めることができる。また、殺藻殺菌剤は殺藻殺菌の処理時に添加して使用される。殺藻殺菌剤を成分ごとに小分け包装した製剤等として提供されるときなどを一例として挙げることができ、船等の処理槽等に殺藻殺菌剤の成分を直接添加する場合などである。更に、施設が整っていれば、殺藻殺菌剤の貯留タンクから船等の処理槽等にそのままの供給して使用しても良い。
【0013】
従来は、雑藻及び病害を駆除するためにクエン酸、リンゴ酸等を40〜80%の範囲で含有する製品を100〜200倍希釈液にて10〜30分の処理を行っていた。この場合、海苔網を取り外して処理を行うため時間と手間がかかりすぎるという問題がある。
そこで、現在では、養殖規模の拡大により、海苔網を固定したまま、潜り船を潜らせる方法が採用されている。この方法では120秒以下の処理を行う短時間処理が望まれている。そのため、浸漬用のクエン酸、リンゴ酸等を主成分とする製品を10〜20倍液(酸濃度の2〜8%濃度)にて使用するようになってきている。従って、経費増及び海洋環境への負荷が大きな問題となっている。
本発明では上述のように、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを併用した製剤を使用することによって、珪藻等の雑藻類及び病害を低濃度、短時間で駆除することができる。プロピオン酸及びパラオキシ安息香酸エステルはいずれも食品漆加物に指定されており分解性も早く海洋生物に対する安全性も高い。
【0014】
実際に、後述する実施例より、クエン酸、リン酸、乳酸、又は酢酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルとの併用では効果は高くならないが、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを併用することによって120秒以内の短時間で珪藻及び赤腐れ菌の駆除効果が高くなることがわかった。10秒、30秒という短い接触時間でも雑藻類や病害菌を駆除することができる。
【0015】
本発明に用いられるパラオキシ安息香酸エステルとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸プロピル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル、パラオキシ安息香酸エチル、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル等があげられる。2種以上のエステルを一定の比率に混合して加熱溶融することにより得られる共融混合物を用いることもできる。特に、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル、イソブチル、ブチルをそれぞれ順番に30〜50:20〜40:20〜40の比率で総和が100となる3元混合物を配合すると駆除効果が高くなる。
【0016】
本発明の殺藻殺菌剤は、その殺藻殺菌の処理時におけるプロピオン酸濃度が0.01〜0.5W/V%の範囲であり、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル濃度が0.001〜0.5W/V%の範囲の範囲であることが望ましい。
パラオキシ安息香酸エステルの濃度は特に、0.001〜0.1W/V%の範囲であることが好ましい。上記濃度が0.001W/V%を下回ると効果がでにくく、上記濃度が0.5W/V%を上回ると使用時にパラオキシ安息香酸が沈殿し効果が減少してしまうからである。
プロピオン酸濃度は、特に、0.05〜0.5W/V%の範囲であることが好ましい。上記濃度が0.01W/V%を下回ると効果がでにくく、上記濃度が0.5W/V%を上回ると海苔への障害が強くなってくるためである。
【0017】
本発明の殺藻殺菌剤は、pH調整剤として有機酸及び無機酸の中の1種以上を含有することが好ましい。
有機酸のpH調整剤としては、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、乳酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、酢酸、グルコン酸、アジピン酸、フイチン酸、ケトグルタル酸、イタコン酸等を挙げることができ、また無機酸のpH調整剤としては、リン酸、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸等の酸を挙げることができる。これらの酸の少なくと1種類以上を添加することにより、雑藻類、病害の駆除効果が高くなると共に海苔への障害を抑制することができる。pH調整するときの好ましい殺藻殺菌剤のpHの範囲は、その使用時においてpH0.5〜3.0の範囲であることが望ましい。
【0018】
本発明の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌剤は塩を添加することが好ましい。
殺藻殺菌剤に塩を添加使用すると、雑藻類、病害の駆除効果が高くなると共に処理時の海苔の障害を軽減することができる。又、効果を示す範囲内で処理時の海苔が赤く変色するため処理の目安が立てやすく、目視により処理確認が容易となる。特に、添加する塩の量は0.5〜10%が好ましい。
【0019】
また、本発明の殺藻殺菌剤には、必要により肥料成分として、アミノ酸、塩化アンモニウム、硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸ソーダ、硝酸カリウム、リン酸ナトリウ、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸カリウム、硝酸アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、糖類を添加することもできる。
本発明を実施するときは、前もってプロピオン酸にパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを溶解した製剤を海水又は水で希釈して使用し、処理液に直接それぞれを添加して使用しても良い。又、本製剤は中和した中性の製剤でも酸性の製剤でも良い。
【0020】
本発明の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌方法は、上述した形態の殺藻殺菌剤で、海苔を120秒以下で処理することを特徴とする。
前記殺藻殺菌剤を使用して、潜り船を潜らせて前記方法を採用すると、120秒以下の処理、特に、5〜60秒間の処理で海苔から確実に雑藻類や病原菌を駆除することができる。しかも、前記各成分は食品添加物に指定されており、少量使用であり、分解性も高いので海洋生物に対する安全性も高い。従って、潜り船への適用が極めて容易となる。
【0021】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例及び比較例により更に詳述する。
実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜6
プロピオン酸0.3W/V%及びパラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピルを0.001、0.01、0.02W/V%になるように実施例の殺藻殺菌剤を海水に溶解し調整した。珪藻(リクモフォラ)が付着した海苔葉体を10秒及び30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてプロピオン酸0.3W/V%のみ、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル0.02%のみ液、及び乳酸、リン酸、クエン酸、又は酢酸とパラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピルとの混溶液を調整した。結果を表1に示す。
尚、珪藻駆除効果の評価基準を以下に示す。
(−:効果なし、+:20〜50%駆除、++:50〜80%駆除、+++:80〜100%駆除、++++:100%駆除。)
海苔の傷害度の評価基準を以下に示す。
(−:障害なし、+:20〜50%障害、++:50〜100%障害。)
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0004633896
【0023】
上記表1の結果から明らかなように、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル又はプロピオン酸単独では比較例1及び2に示すように効果が小さいが、併用することによって珪藻(リクモフォラ)の駆除効果が高くなることがわかった。比較例3乃至6に示すようにプロオン酸以外との併用では効果が高くならない。
【0024】
実施例4、5及び比較例7〜9
表2に示す処理剤を混合した後、PH調整剤でpHを1.8に調整した。これらの処理液に、赤腐れ菌の感染した海苔葉体を浸漬処理した。滅菌海水で洗浄した後2日間静置培養し、顕微鏡下で観察し赤腐れ菌の駆除効果を調査した。
結果を表2に示す。赤腐れ菌駆除効果の評価基準を以下に示す。
(−:効果なし、+:20〜50%駆除、++:50〜80%駆除、+++:80〜100%駆除、++++:100%駆除。)
海苔の傷害度の評価基準を以下に示す。
(−:障害なし、+:20〜50%障害、++:50〜100%障害。)
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0004633896
【0026】
表2の実施例4,5の結果から明らかなように、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルの併用により赤腐れ菌の駆除効果が高くなる。また、比較例7乃至9の結果から分かるように、プロピオン酸の単独、或いはパラオキシ安息香酸エステル類の単独では効果が見られなかった。
【0027】
実施例6〜9
プロピオン酸0.05W/V%及びパラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピルを0.01、0.02、0.05、0.1W/V%になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(リクモフォラ)が付着した海苔葉体を10秒、30秒、60秒、120秒間処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。結果を表3に示す。
【0028】
【表3】
Figure 0004633896
【0029】
実施例10〜13及び比較例10、11
プロピオン酸0.5、0.3W/V%及びパラオキシ安息香酸ブチルを0.001、0.01W/V%になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(リクモフォラ)が付着した海苔葉体を10秒、30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてプロピオン酸0.5W/V%とパラオキシ安息香酸ブチル0.01%の液を調整した。珪藻駆除及び海苔の傷害度の評価は、下記に示す通りである。結果を表4に示す。
【0030】
【表4】
Figure 0004633896
【0031】
実施例14〜17及び比較例12
プロピオン酸0.5、0.3W/V%及びパラオキシ安息香酸イソブチルを0.001、0.01W/V%になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(リクモフォラ)が付着した海苔葉体を10秒、30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてパラオキシ安息香酸イソブチルの0.01%の液のみを調整した。結果を表5に示す。
【0032】
【表5】
Figure 0004633896
【0033】
実施例18〜24及び比較例13
パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、イソブチル、イソプロピルの比率を3:3:4に配合したものとプロピオン酸を表6に記載した割合になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(リクモフォラ)が付着した海苔葉体を10秒、30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてパラオキシ安息香酸エステルの混合物0.01%の液を調整した。結果を表6に示す。
【0034】
【表6】
Figure 0004633896
【0035】
上記表3乃至6の結果から明らかなように、プロピオン酸と、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル、例えば、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピルのそれぞれとの併用、又はこれらの3種を3:3:4の割合で混合したものとの併用をすることによって、珪藻(リクモフォラ)の駆除効果が高くなることがわかった。
【0036】
実施例25〜27及び比較例14、15
パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、イソブチル、イソプロピルの比率を3:3:4に配合したものとプロピオン酸を表7に記載した割合になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(タビュラリア)が付着した海苔葉体を30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてパラオキシ安息香酸エステルの混合物0.02W/V%のみ及びプロピオン酸0.5W/V%のみの液を調整した。結果を表7に示す。
【0037】
【表7】
Figure 0004633896
【0038】
実施例28、29及び比較例16
パラオキシ安息香酸ブチルとプロピオン酸を表8に記載した割合になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(タビュラリア)が付着した海苔葉体を30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてパラオキシ安息香酸ブチル0.01W/V%の液を調整した。結果を表8に示す。
【0039】
【表8】
Figure 0004633896
【0040】
実施例30、31及び比較例17
パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピルとプロピオン酸を表9に記載した割合になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(タヒュラリア)が付着した海苔葉体を30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてパラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル0.02W/V%の液を調整した。結果を表9に示す。
【0041】
【表9】
Figure 0004633896
【0042】
実施例32、33及び比較例18
パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチルとプロピオン酸を表10に記載した割合になるように海水に溶解した液を調整した。珪藻(タビュラリア)が付着した海苔葉体を30秒処理した後、滅菌海水にて洗浄した。
数時間後に珪藻の駆除効果を顕微鏡にて調査した。比較例としてパラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル0.01W/V%の液を調整した。結果を表10に示す。
【0043】
【表10】
Figure 0004633896
【0044】
上記表7乃至10の結果から明らかなように、プロピオン酸と、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル、例えば、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピルのそれぞれとの併用、又はこれらの3種を3:3:4の割合で混合したものとの併用をすることによって、珪藻(タビュラリア)の駆除効果が高くなることがわかった。比較例14乃至18に示すようにプロオン酸単独、或いはパラオキシ安息香酸エステル単独では上記駆除効果は見られなかった。
【0045】
実施例34〜37
プロピオン酸0.5、0.3W/V%及びパラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル0.01W/V%になるように調整した溶液と、その液にpH調整剤としてリン酸を用いpH1.8に調整した溶液を用い、珪藻(リクモフォラ)の付着した海苔葉体を5秒、10秒、20秒・・・180秒処理した後滅菌海水にて洗浄した。数時間後に、100%珪藻を駆除する時間及び海苔の障害が発生する時間を調査した。結果を表11に示す。
【0046】
【表11】
Figure 0004633896
【0047】
実施例38〜41
プロピオン酸0.5%及びパラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル0.01%になるように調整した溶液と、その液に塩を3、5、10%添加した溶液を用い、珪藻(リクモフオラ)の付着した海苔葉体を5秒、10秒、20秒・・・180秒処理した後滅菌海水にて洗浄した。数時間後に、100%珪藻を駆除する時間及び海苔の障害が発生する時間を調査した。結果を表12に示す。
【0048】
【表12】
Figure 0004633896
【0049】
上記表11の結果より明らかなように、処理液のpHの値を3以下、特に、2以下と低くすれば、更に短時間で珪藻を駆除処理することができ、また海苔が障害を起こすまでの時間も長くなり好ましい。
また上記表12の結果より明らかなように、処理液に塩を添加することにより、珪藻駆除処理が短縮するとともに、海苔が障害を起こすまでの時間が長くなることが分かる。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、海苔養殖時に発生する雑藻・病害の駆除予防を行う殺藻殺菌剤であって、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを主成分とすることにより、珪藻、アオノリ等の雑藻類及び赤腐れ菌、壷状菌、付着細菌等の病害菌を短時間で且つ経済的に駆除することができる。
本発明の殺藻殺菌方法では、前記殺藻殺菌剤で、120秒以下処理するので、潜り船などへの適用が極めて容易になる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an algicidal bactericidal agent that combats diatoms such as diatoms and aonori, and disease-causing fungi such as red rot fungi, fungi, and adherent bacteria that occur during nori culture.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In nori culture, when algae such as diatoms propagate and adhere to the laver leaf body or laver net, the growth of the nori may be inhibited and eventually killed. Even if diatoms that are not problematic for growth are attached to the leaves, if the original algae is made into a product, green spots will appear in the black dry seaweed and the commercial value will be reduced. Even if you eat it, it becomes bitter and noisy. When there is much diatom contamination, it may not be sold. For this reason, work such as acid treatment and tapping has been carried out in order to control diatoms and other miscellaneous algae. In addition, nori may rot due to the occurrence of red rot fungi, fungi, adherent bacteria, etc. during nori culture.
At present, acid treatment with submersible ships within 3 minutes is carried out in a 10 to 20 times solution (2-5% concentration of citric acid) of products mainly composed of citric acid, malic acid, etc. The burden on the environment is a big problem.
[0003]
Until now, the treatment agent for nori culture as shown below has been disclosed.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-121425 discloses “saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and citric acid. An algicidal agent containing one or more organic carboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of as active ingredients. Propionic acid is also mentioned as an example, but there is no description that was carried out actively. Further, the technique of this publication is intended to remove all seaweeds such as blue-tailed seaweed that adhere to the net, and does not selectively remove other algae without damaging the laver.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-157309 states that “in an aqueous solution of propionic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, fumaric acid, formic acid, lactic acid, ketoglutaric acid, phytic acid. In addition, there is a red rot control agent for cultured laver comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, tartaric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, glutaric acid and butyric acid. It is described that the combination of propionic acid and other acids increases the effect of controlling red rot fungi. There is no description or suggestion about the algicidal effect and the combined use of paraoxybenzoate.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 48-36328 states that “Amanori red is characterized by being treated with an antibacterial agent, rose hydroxybenzoic acid and / or its ester in combination with a nonionic surfactant. "Rot disease control method" is described. There is no description or suggestion about the combined use of propionic acid and paraoxybenzoic acid.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-286407 describes “a treatment agent for controlling diatoms characterized by containing lactic acid and / or acetic acid and a paraoxybenzoic acid ester”. In a comparative example to be described later, the effect is not sufficiently observed.
[0007]
In addition to this, Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-13647 discloses “Misal algae containing 0.3 to 5.0% citric acid and immersed in a treatment solution having a pH of 1.0 to 6.0, controlling diseases, Nori culture by prevention "is described.
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-13648 discloses “nori culture by adding inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid to adjust the pH to 1.0 to 4.0, controlling disease and preventing disease”. Are listed.
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-21950 discloses “a fertilizer for seaweed culture containing phytic acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, a preventive effect against red rot fungus, and a diatom control effect”.
[0008]
Since the techniques described in these publications require a long immersion time of 5 to 30 minutes, it has become a technique that cannot be used today, which requires a shorter processing time. Further, diatoms with strong acid resistance such as tabularia are generated in large quantities and cannot be controlled by acid treatment using organic acid, inorganic acid or the like.
Recently, since the number of aquaculture per house has increased, the time required for processing per house has to be shortened, and an acid treatment method called a submerged ship has become widespread. Since the contact time is very short, from 10 seconds to 120 seconds, there is a need for effective algae (diatoms such as strong acid-resistant tabularia) and disease control agents that are effective in a shorter time. In particular, the development of a preparation with a high diatom control effect is eagerly desired.
Therefore, in the prior art algicide, the effect of extermination of algae such as diatoms and aonori and disease-causing bacteria such as red rot fungi, fungi and adherent bacteria has become insufficient.
In particular, it has no effect on diatoms such as tabularia, which have strong acid resistance. In addition, when citric acid, malic acid or the like is used as a main component as in the prior art, the cost increase and the burden on the environment are serious problems.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
The present invention was made in order to meet the above-mentioned problems and demands of the prior art, without causing harm to the seaweed itself, such as diatoms, aonori and other algae, red rot fungi, fungi, adherent bacteria, etc. It aims at providing the chemical | medical agent which eliminates a disease microbe in a short time and economically.
[0010]
As a result of intensive investigations in view of the above-mentioned problems and requests of the prior art, the inventor of the present invention uses a combination of propionic acid and paraoxybenzoic acid ester to provide a mixture of diatoms, aonori and other algae, red rot fungi, fungi, It has been found that disease bacteria such as attached bacteria can be removed in a short time of 120 seconds or less, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) Algae and fungicides for controlling and eliminating miscellaneous algae and diseases that occur during seaweed cultivation, consisting mainly of propionic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester, and p-oxybenzoic acid ester is butyl p-oxybenzoate, p-oxyoxy An algicidal fungicide characterized in that it is at least one of isobutyl benzoate and isofuropyl p-hydroxybenzoate .
(2) A ternary mixture in which the paraoxybenzoate is isopropyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl paraoxybenzoate, and butyl paraoxybenzoate in the order of 30 to 50:20 to 40:20 to 40 in total, respectively. The algicidal fungicide for seaweed cultivation according to the above (1), characterized in that
(3) Propionic acid concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 W / V% at the time of the treatment of algicidal sterilization, and paraoxybenzoic acid ester concentration in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 W / V%. The algicidal fungicide according to (1) or (2), which is characterized in that it exists.
(4) The algicidal fungicide for laver cultivation according to any one of (1) to (3) above, which contains at least one of an organic acid and an inorganic acid as a pH adjuster .
(5) algicidal fungicides for seaweed farming according to any salt, characterized in that the addition of (salt) (1) to (4).
(6) An algicidal sterilization method for seaweed culture characterized by treating with the algicidal fungicide according to any one of (1) to (5) in 120 seconds or less.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
The algicidal bactericidal agent of the present invention is diluted, added to seawater or water at the time of the algicidal sterilization treatment, or is used as it is, and is used to control and eliminate miscellaneous algae and diseases that occur during laver culture. The main component is benzoic acid ester.
[0012]
The algicidal bactericidal agent of the present invention is used after being diluted with seawater or water at the time of treatment or use of algicidal sterilization. The dilution rate is preferably 50 to 500 times, but is not limited thereto, and the rate can be determined according to the mode of use as the preparation. Further, the algicidal fungicide is added and used during the processing of algal killing. An example is when the algaecidal fungicide is provided as a preparation or the like in which the components are packaged by component, for example, when the components of the algaecidal fungicide are directly added to a processing tank such as a ship. Furthermore, as long as the facilities are in place, they may be supplied as they are from a storage tank for algicidal fungicides to a processing tank such as a ship.
[0013]
Conventionally, in order to control miscellaneous algae and diseases, a product containing citric acid, malic acid and the like in a range of 40 to 80% is processed in a diluted solution 100 to 200 times for 10 to 30 minutes. In this case, there is a problem that it takes too much time and labor to remove the laver net and perform the processing.
Therefore, at present, a method of diving a submerged ship with a laver net fixed is being adopted due to the expansion of the aquaculture scale. In this method, short-time processing that performs processing of 120 seconds or less is desired. For this reason, products mainly composed of citric acid, malic acid and the like for immersion are used in a 10 to 20-fold solution (2 to 8% concentration of acid concentration). Therefore, the increase in cost and the burden on the marine environment are major problems.
In the present invention, as described above, miscellaneous algae such as diatoms and diseases can be controlled at a low concentration in a short time by using a preparation in which propionic acid and p-hydroxybenzoate are used in combination. Propionic acid and paraoxybenzoic acid ester are both designated as food lacquered products, and they are quick to decompose and safe for marine organisms.
[0014]
Actually, from the examples described later, the combined use of citric acid, phosphoric acid, lactic acid, or acetic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester does not increase the effect, but the combined use of propionic acid and p-oxybenzoic acid ester within 120 seconds. It was found that the eradication effect of diatoms and red rot fungi increases in a short time. It is possible to get rid of miscellaneous algae and pests with a contact time as short as 10 seconds or 30 seconds.
[0015]
The paraoxybenzoic acid ester used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but butyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl paraoxybenzoate, propyl paraoxybenzoate, isopropyl paraoxybenzoate, ethyl paraoxybenzoate, methyl paraoxybenzoate Etc. It is also possible to use a eutectic mixture obtained by mixing two or more esters in a certain ratio and heating and melting them. In particular, when a ternary mixture in which isopropyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl, and butyl are sequentially added in a ratio of 30 to 50:20 to 40:20 to 40 and the sum is 100 is added, the extermination effect is enhanced.
[0016]
The algicidal fungicide of the present invention has a propionic acid concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 W / V% during the processing of the algicidal fungicidal treatment, and a paraoxybenzoic acid ester concentration of 0.001 to 0.5 W / A range of V% is desirable.
The concentration of paraoxybenzoic acid ester is particularly preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 W / V%. This is because when the concentration is less than 0.001 W / V%, the effect is difficult to achieve, and when the concentration is more than 0.5 W / V%, paraoxybenzoic acid is precipitated during use and the effect is reduced.
The propionic acid concentration is particularly preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 W / V%. This is because when the concentration is less than 0.01 W / V%, the effect is difficult to be obtained, and when the concentration is more than 0.5 W / V%, the damage to the laver becomes strong.
[0017]
The algicidal fungicide of the present invention preferably contains at least one of an organic acid and an inorganic acid as a pH adjuster.
Examples of pH adjusters for organic acids include citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid, adipic acid, phytic acid, ketoglutaric acid, itaconic acid, and the like. Examples of the acid pH adjuster include acids such as phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. By adding at least one of these acids, the effect of eliminating miscellaneous algae and diseases can be enhanced, and damage to the laver can be suppressed. The preferable pH range of the algicidal fungicide when adjusting the pH is desirably in the range of pH 0.5 to 3.0 at the time of use.
[0018]
It is preferable to add a salt to the algicidal fungicide for seaweed culture of the present invention.
When a salt is added to the algicidal fungicide, the effects of eliminating miscellaneous algae and diseases are enhanced, and damage to the laver during processing can be reduced. In addition, the seaweed at the time of processing turns red within a range showing the effect, so that it is easy to establish a standard for the processing, and the processing can be easily confirmed visually. In particular, the amount of salt added is preferably 0.5 to 10%.
[0019]
In addition, the algicidal fungicide of the present invention may contain amino acid, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and sugar as necessary fertilizer components. You can also
When practicing the present invention, a preparation in which p-hydroxybenzoate is dissolved in propionic acid in advance may be used by diluting with seawater or water, and each may be added directly to the treatment liquid. The preparation may be a neutralized neutral preparation or an acidic preparation.
[0020]
The algicidal sterilization method for seaweed culture of the present invention is characterized in that the laver is treated in 120 seconds or less with the algicidal fungicide of the above-described form.
When the above method is adopted by submerging a submerged ship using the algicidal fungicide, it is possible to reliably remove miscellaneous algae and pathogens from seaweed by a treatment of 120 seconds or less, particularly a treatment of 5 to 60 seconds. it can. In addition, each of the above components is designated as a food additive, is used in a small amount, and has high degradability, so it is highly safe against marine organisms. Therefore, application to a submerged ship becomes extremely easy.
[0021]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6
The algicidal fungicides of the examples were dissolved in seawater and adjusted so that 0.3 W / V% propionic acid and isopropyl paraoxybenzoate were 0.001, 0.01, 0.02 W / V%. After treating the laver leaf body to which diatom (Licumophora) adhered for 10 seconds and 30 seconds, it was washed with sterilized seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As comparative examples, only 0.3 W / V% propionic acid, 0.02% isopropyl paraoxybenzoate, and a mixed solution of lactic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, or acetic acid and isopropyl paraoxybenzoate were prepared. The results are shown in Table 1.
In addition, the evaluation criteria of the diatom extermination effect are shown below.
(-: No effect, +: 20-50% extermination, ++: 50-80% extermination, ++: 80-100% extermination, ++++: 100% extermination)
The evaluation criteria for the damage degree of laver are shown below.
(-: No failure, +: 20-50% failure, ++: 50-100% failure.)
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004633896
[0023]
As is clear from the results of Table 1 above, isopropyl p-hydroxybenzoate or propionic acid alone has a small effect as shown in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, but when used in combination, the effect of extermination of diatoms (limophora) may be increased. all right. As shown in Comparative Examples 3 to 6, the combined use with other than proionic acid does not increase the effect.
[0024]
Examples 4, 5 and Comparative Examples 7-9
After mixing the treatment agents shown in Table 2, the pH was adjusted to 1.8 with a pH adjuster. In these treatment solutions, the laver leaf bodies infected with red rot fungi were immersed. After washing with sterilized seawater, the culture was allowed to stand for 2 days and observed under a microscope to investigate the effect of controlling red rot fungi.
The results are shown in Table 2. The evaluation criteria for red rot control effect are shown below.
(-: No effect, +: 20-50% extermination, ++: 50-80% extermination, ++: 80-100% extermination, ++++: 100% extermination)
The evaluation criteria for the damage degree of laver are shown below.
(-: No failure, +: 20-50% failure, ++: 50-100% failure.)
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004633896
[0026]
As is clear from the results of Examples 4 and 5 in Table 2, the combined use of propionic acid and p-hydroxybenzoate increases the effect of controlling red rot fungi. Further, as can be seen from the results of Comparative Examples 7 to 9, no effect was observed with propionic acid alone or with p-hydroxybenzoates alone.
[0027]
Examples 6-9
A solution prepared by dissolving 0.05 W / V% propionic acid and isopropyl paraoxybenzoate in seawater was adjusted to 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1 W / V%. The laver leaf body to which diatom (Liquiforma) was attached was treated for 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds, and 120 seconds, and then washed with sterile seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0028]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004633896
[0029]
Examples 10 to 13 and Comparative Examples 10 and 11
A solution prepared by dissolving propionic acid 0.5, 0.3 W / V% and paraoxybenzoic acid butyl in seawater so as to be 0.001, 0.01 W / V% was prepared. The laver leaf body to which diatom (Liquiforma) was attached was treated for 10 seconds and 30 seconds, and then washed with sterile seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As a comparative example, a solution of propionic acid 0.5 W / V% and butyl paraoxybenzoate 0.01% was prepared. Evaluation of diatom extermination and laver damage is as shown below. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0030]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004633896
[0031]
Examples 14-17 and Comparative Example 12
A solution obtained by dissolving propionic acid 0.5, 0.3 W / V% and isobutyl paraoxybenzoate in seawater so as to be 0.001, 0.01 W / V% was prepared. The laver leaf body to which diatom (Liquiforma) was attached was treated for 10 seconds and 30 seconds, and then washed with sterile seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As a comparative example, only 0.01% solution of isobutyl paraoxybenzoate was prepared. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0032]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004633896
[0033]
Examples 18-24 and Comparative Example 13
A solution in which the ratio of butyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl, and isopropyl was blended at 3: 3: 4 and propionic acid in the ratio shown in Table 6 was adjusted. The laver leaf body to which diatom (Liquiforma) was attached was treated for 10 seconds and 30 seconds, and then washed with sterile seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As a comparative example, a liquid of 0.01% mixture of paraoxybenzoic acid ester was prepared. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0034]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004633896
[0035]
As is apparent from the results in Tables 3 to 6, propionic acid and a combination of paraoxybenzoate esters such as butyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl paraoxybenzoate, and isopropyl paraoxybenzoate, or these three types are used. It turned out that the extermination effect of diatom (Licumophora) becomes high by using together with what mixed in the ratio of 3: 3: 4.
[0036]
Examples 25-27 and Comparative Examples 14, 15
A solution in which the ratio of butyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl, and isopropyl was blended in 3: 3: 4 and propionic acid in the ratio shown in Table 7 was adjusted. The laver leaf body to which diatom (Tabularia) was attached was treated for 30 seconds and then washed with sterile seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As a comparative example, a liquid containing only 0.02 W / V% of a mixture of paraoxybenzoic acid esters and 0.5 W / V% of propionic acid was prepared. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0037]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004633896
[0038]
Examples 28 and 29 and Comparative Example 16
A solution in which butyl paraoxybenzoate and propionic acid were dissolved in seawater so as to have a ratio described in Table 8 was prepared. The laver leaf body to which diatom (Tabularia) was attached was treated for 30 seconds and then washed with sterile seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As a comparative example, a solution of butyl paraoxybenzoate 0.01 W / V% was prepared. The results are shown in Table 8.
[0039]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004633896
[0040]
Examples 30, 31 and Comparative Example 17
A solution obtained by dissolving isopropyl paraoxybenzoate and propionic acid in seawater so as to have a ratio described in Table 9 was prepared. After treating the laver leaf body to which diatom (tahyllaria) was attached for 30 seconds, it was washed with sterilized seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As a comparative example, a solution of isopropyl paraoxybenzoate 0.02 W / V% was prepared. The results are shown in Table 9.
[0041]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004633896
[0042]
Examples 32 and 33 and Comparative Example 18
A solution prepared by dissolving isobutyl paraoxybenzoate and propionic acid in seawater so as to have a ratio described in Table 10 was prepared. The laver leaf body to which diatom (Tabularia) was attached was treated for 30 seconds and then washed with sterile seawater.
Several hours later, the diatom control effect was examined with a microscope. As a comparative example, a solution of 0.01 W / V% isobutyl paraoxybenzoate was prepared. The results are shown in Table 10.
[0043]
[Table 10]
Figure 0004633896
[0044]
As is clear from the results in Tables 7 to 10 above, propionic acid and a paraoxybenzoic acid ester such as butyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl paraoxybenzoate, and isopropyl paraoxybenzoate, or these three types are used. It turned out that the extermination effect of diatom (Tabularia) becomes high by using together with what mixed in the ratio of 3: 3: 4. As shown in Comparative Examples 14 to 18, the above-mentioned extermination effect was not observed with proionic acid alone or p-hydroxybenzoate ester alone.
[0045]
Examples 34-37
A solution adjusted to have propionic acid 0.5, 0.3 W / V% and isopropyl paraoxybenzoate 0.01 W / V%, and a solution adjusted to pH 1.8 using phosphoric acid as a pH adjuster The laver leaf body to which diatom (Liquimophora) was attached was treated for 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds... 180 seconds, and then washed with sterile seawater. After several hours, the time for exterminating 100% diatoms and the time for nori damage were investigated. The results are shown in Table 11.
[0046]
[Table 11]
Figure 0004633896
[0047]
Examples 38-41
Using a solution adjusted to 0.5% propionic acid and 0.01% isopropyl paraoxybenzoate and a solution obtained by adding 3, 5 or 10% salt to the solution, nori leaves with diatoms attached The body was treated for 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds... 180 seconds, and then washed with sterilized seawater. After several hours, the time for exterminating 100% diatoms and the time for nori damage were investigated. The results are shown in Table 12.
[0048]
[Table 12]
Figure 0004633896
[0049]
As is clear from the results of Table 11 above, if the pH value of the treatment liquid is lowered to 3 or less, particularly 2 or less, diatoms can be extinguished in a shorter time, and nori is damaged. This is also preferable because it takes longer.
Further, as apparent from the results of Table 12, it can be seen that adding salt to the treatment liquid shortens the diatom extermination treatment and increases the time until the laver is damaged.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is an algicidal fungicide for controlling and preventing weeds and diseases that occur during seaweed culture, comprising propionic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester as main components, such as diatoms, aonori and other algae and red Pests such as spoilage fungi, fungi and adherent bacteria can be removed in a short time and economically.
In the algicidal sterilization method of the present invention, the treatment with the algicidal sterilizing agent is performed for 120 seconds or less, so that application to a submerged ship or the like becomes extremely easy.

Claims (6)

海苔養殖時に発生する雑藻、病害の駆除予防を行う殺藻殺菌剤であって、プロピオン酸とパラオキシ安息香酸エステルを主成分とし、パラオキシ安息香酸エステルが、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソフロピルの中の1種以上とすることを特徴とする殺藻殺菌剤。Zatsumo generated during seaweed farming, a algicides fungicide performing disinfection prevention of diseases, as a main component propionic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, paraoxybenzoate ester, butyl p-oxybenzoate, isobutyl An algicidal fungicide characterized in that it is at least one of isoflopyl paraoxybenzoates . パラオキシ安息香酸エステルが、パラオキシ安息香酸イソプロピル、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、及びパラオキシ安息香酸ブチルをそれぞれ順番に30〜50:20〜40:20〜40の比率で総和が100となる3元混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌剤。The paraoxybenzoic acid ester is a ternary mixture in which isopropyl paraoxybenzoate, isobutyl paraoxybenzoate, and butyl paraoxybenzoate are each in the order of 30 to 50:20 to 40:20 to 40 and the sum is 100. The algicidal fungicide for nori culture according to claim 1. 殺藻殺菌の処理時におけるプロピオン酸濃度が0.01〜0.5W/V%の範囲であり、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル濃度が0.001〜0.5W/V%の範囲の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の殺藻殺菌剤。Propionic acid concentration at the time of processing of algicidal sterilization is in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 W / V%, and paraoxybenzoic acid ester concentration is in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 W / V%. The algicidal fungicide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that pH調整剤として有機酸及び無機酸の中の1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌剤。The algicidal fungicide for laver cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least one of an organic acid and an inorganic acid as a pH adjuster. (しお)を添加することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌剤。A salt (sio) is added, The algicidal fungicide for laver culture according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の殺藻殺菌剤で、120秒以下で処理することを特徴とする海苔養殖用の殺藻殺菌方法。A method for killing algae for laver culture, comprising treating with the algicide of any one of claims 1 to 5 in 120 seconds or less.
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