JP4611931B2 - Method for measuring concentration distribution of detected components in a cross section of a solid target substance - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 title 1
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 claims description 122
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 87
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- 240000008620 Fagopyrum esculentum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009419 Fagopyrum esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Noodles (AREA)
Description
本発明は早戻り麺類及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to fast-returning noodles and a method for producing the same.
乾燥麺類を喫食状態に復元するに当たり、長時間を要するものとして、スパゲッティやマカロニ等の乾燥パスタが代表的である。乾燥パスタを茹で上げるには、シコッと歯ごたえのある状態に茹で上げることが大切であり、特にスパゲッティの場合は歯ごたえのあるアルデンテ状態に茹で上げることが最も好ましいといわれている。しかし、乾燥パスタをこうした状態に茹で上げるためには時間がかかるという課題があり、こうした課題を解決する方法が既に開発されており、その方法の中には食塩を使用した方法もある。たとえば、復元性を向上させる目的で、常法により製造した麺線を一定濃度の食塩水で処理した後、乾燥する即席麺類の製造方法が提案されている（例えば特許文献１参照。）。しかしながら、この方法では、麺線の内部に食塩が浸透するため、麺線の食塩含量が高くなり、さらに喫食調理時に食塩が抜けにくくなるため、喫食時の塩味が強くなる。
また、麺線のほぐれ性、麺のコシ及び復元性を向上させる目的で、麺線を食塩水で茹で処理した後、水洗いする即席麺類の製造方法が提案されている（例えば特許文献２参照。
）。しかしながら、この方法では、水洗いすることにより麺表面の食塩を洗い流してしまうため、復元性において十分な効果は得られていない。
As a thing that takes a long time to restore the dried noodles to the eating state, dry pasta such as spaghetti and macaroni is typical. In order to boil dry pasta, it is important to boil it in a crunchy state, and in the case of spaghetti, it is said that it is most preferable to boil it in a crunchy ardente state. However, there is a problem that it takes time to boil dry pasta in such a state, and a method for solving such a problem has already been developed, and there is a method using salt. For example, for the purpose of improving resilience, a method for producing instant noodles is proposed in which noodle strings produced by a conventional method are treated with a certain concentration of saline and then dried (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, in this method, since salt penetrates into the noodle strings, the salt content of the noodle strings increases, and the salt becomes difficult to escape during cooking, so that the salty taste at the time of eating increases.
In addition, for the purpose of improving the looseness of the noodle strings, the firmness of the noodles, and the restorability, a method for producing instant noodles in which the noodle strings are treated with boiled saline and then washed is proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
). However, in this method, the salt on the surface of the noodles is washed away by washing with water, so that a sufficient effect on the restorability is not obtained.
従って、本発明は喫食時の塩味が強くなるのを防止するために、麺線の食塩含量を低く抑えつつ、復元性を向上させた早戻り麺類及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fast-returning noodle with improved restorability and a method for producing the same while suppressing the salt content of the noodle strings to prevent the salty taste at the time of eating from becoming strong. .
本発明者らは、上記課題について鋭意検討した結果、食塩水で茹で処理する前に、実質的に食塩を含まない水で茹で処理した後、特定濃度の食塩水での茹で処理によって食塩が麺線の内部に浸透するのを防止することが分かった。さらに、麺線に含有する食塩が麺線の表面付近に局在することで、低食塩含量であっても復元性に優れた早戻り麺類が得られることが分かった。これらの知見に基づいて、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、麺類の断面の90％相似形である内部を除いた麺類の周縁部が食塩含量40質量％以上の領域を15％以上含むことを特徴とする早戻り麺類を提供する。
また、本発明は、茹で処理後の麺の水分含量が40〜70質量％となるように原料麺を実質的に食塩を含まない水で茹で処理し、次いで乾燥処理後の早戻り麺類の食塩含量が7〜25質量％になるように5〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理し、さらに5〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理した麺を乾燥処理することを含む早戻り麺類の製造方法を提供する。
また、本発明は、乾燥処理後の早戻り麺類の食塩含量が7〜25質量％になるように原料麺の表面に食塩を付着させ、表面に食塩が付着した麺を乾燥処理することを含む早戻り麺類の製造方法を提供する。
As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the inventors of the present invention, after treating with salt water, boiled with water that does not substantially contain salt, then boiled with salt solution of a specific concentration, so that the salt becomes noodles. It was found to prevent penetration into the interior of the wire. Further, it has been found that the salt contained in the noodle strings is localized in the vicinity of the surface of the noodle strings, so that quick-returning noodles having excellent restorability can be obtained even with a low salt content. Based on these findings, the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention provides fast-returning noodles characterized in that the peripheral part of the noodles excluding the inside which is 90% similar to the cross-section of the noodles contains 15% or more of a region having a salt content of 40% by mass or more.
Further, the present invention is to treat the raw material noodles with water containing substantially no salt so that the moisture content of the noodles after boiling is 40 to 70% by mass, and then the salt of the fast-returning noodles after drying treatment Manufacture of fast-returning noodles, comprising treating the noodles treated with 5-25% by weight of saline to a 7-25% by weight salt solution and further drying with 5-25% by weight of saline. Provide a method.
Further, the present invention includes attaching salt to the surface of the raw material noodle so that the salt content of the fast-returning noodles after the drying treatment is 7 to 25% by mass, and drying the noodle with the salt attached to the surface. A method for producing fast-returning noodles is provided.
本発明により、喫食時の塩味が適度であり、かつ復元性を向上させた早戻り麺類の製造方法が提供される。また、復元後の食感に優れた早戻り麺類の製造方法が提供される。また、製造過程において成型が容易で調理性に優れた早戻り麺類の製造方法が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing fast-returning noodles having a moderate salty taste at the time of eating and improved resilience. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the quick return noodles excellent in the food texture after decompression | restoration is provided. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the quick return noodles which were easy to shape | mold in the manufacture process and excellent in cooking property is provided.
本発明の早戻り麺類は、麺類の断面の90％相似形である内部を除いた麺類の周縁部が食塩含量40質量％以上の領域を15％以上含むことを特徴とする。前記周縁部の食塩含量40質量％以上の領域は、好ましくは15〜30％であり、より好ましくは20〜25％であり、さらに好ましくは21〜24％である。前記周縁部の食塩含量が上記範囲内であれば、優れた復元性を有するとともに、喫食時の塩味を抑えることができる。
本発明の早戻り麺類は、さらに麺類の断面の90％相似形である内部の食塩含量40質量％以上の領域が10％以下であるのが好ましい。より好ましくは1〜9％である。前記内部の食塩含量が上記範囲内であれば、喫食時の塩味を抑えることができる。
ここで、麺類の断面の90％相似形とは、麺類の断面の中心から表面までの距離の90％の位置を線で結ぶことによって得られる形状であり、市販の画像処理ソフトウエア（Photoshop（アドビシステムズ社製）、Popimaging Ver. 2.00（Digital being kids社製）等）を用いて作成することができる。なお、早戻り麺類の断面における食塩含量は、例えばエネルギー分散型Ｘ線分析装置（EDX）を用いて早戻り麺類の断面の元素組成を定量化し、食塩に換算することにより求めることができる。
本発明の早戻り麺類は、さらに前記周縁部の食塩含量40質量％以上の領域が前記内部の食塩含量40質量％以上の領域の1.5倍以上であるのが好ましい。より好ましくは2〜4倍であり、さらに好ましくは2.5〜3.5倍である。
The fast-returning noodles of the present invention are characterized in that the peripheral part of the noodles excluding the inside which is 90% similar to the cross-section of the noodles contains 15% or more of a region having a salt content of 40% by mass or more. The region having a salt content of 40% by mass or more in the peripheral portion is preferably 15 to 30%, more preferably 20 to 25%, and further preferably 21 to 24%. If the salt content of the said peripheral part is in the said range, while having the outstanding resilience, the salty taste at the time of eating can be suppressed.
In the fast-returning noodles of the present invention, it is preferable that the region having a salt content of 40% by mass or more, which is 90% similar to the cross-section of the noodles, is 10% or less. More preferably, it is 1 to 9%. If the internal salt content is within the above range, saltiness during eating can be suppressed.
Here, the 90% similarity of the cross-section of the noodles is a shape obtained by linking 90% of the distance from the center to the surface of the cross-section of the noodles with a line, and commercially available image processing software (Photoshop ( (Manufactured by Adobe Systems), Popimaging Ver. 2.00 (manufactured by Digital being kids), etc.). Note that the salt content in the cross-section of the fast-returning noodles can be determined by quantifying the elemental composition of the cross-section of the fast-returning noodles using, for example, an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and converting it into salt.
In the fast-returning noodles of the present invention, the region having a salt content of 40% by mass or more in the peripheral portion is preferably 1.5 times or more of the region having a salt content of 40% by mass or more in the inner part. More preferably, it is 2-4 times, More preferably, it is 2.5-3.5 times.
本発明の早戻り麺類においては、麺類の食塩含量は、好ましくは7〜25質量％であり、より好ましくは10〜15質量％である。上記範囲の食塩含量とすることで喫食時の塩味を抑えることができる。早戻り麺類の食塩含量は、例えば電量滴定法を用いて塩素量を測定し、当該塩素量を食塩量に換算することにより求めることができる。
さらに、本発明の早戻り麺類においては、麺類の水分含量は、好ましくは13質量％以下であり、より好ましくは11〜13質量％である。水分含量が上記範囲内であれば、保存中の品質劣化を防止することができるとともに、亀裂、折れ、曲がり等の物性変化を防止することができる。早戻り麺類の水分含量は、例えば、常温加熱乾燥法により求めることができる。
また、本発明の早戻り麺類の断面形状は円形に限られず、楕円形、三角形、四角形等の任意の形状であってもよい。また、早戻り麺類の断面の大きさも特に制限されないが、断面が大きくなると喫食調理時間が長くなってしまうため、所望の喫食調理時間によって制限される。好ましくは、厚みが2mm以下のもの、より好ましくは、1〜2mmのものである。
早戻り麺類の断面の大きさが上記範囲内のものであれば、喫食調理時間を5分以下、より好ましくは3〜４分とすることができる。ここで、喫食調理時間とは、沸騰している湯中に早戻り麺類を入れ、調理した後、ザルで湯切りするまでの時間である。
In the fast-returning noodles of the present invention, the salt content of the noodles is preferably 7 to 25% by mass, more preferably 10 to 15% by mass. By setting the salt content in the above range, salty taste at the time of eating can be suppressed. The salt content of the fast-returning noodles can be determined by measuring the amount of chlorine using, for example, a coulometric titration method and converting the amount of chlorine into the amount of salt.
Furthermore, in the fast-returning noodles of the present invention, the water content of the noodles is preferably 13% by mass or less, more preferably 11 to 13% by mass. When the water content is within the above range, quality deterioration during storage can be prevented, and changes in physical properties such as cracks, breaks, and bends can be prevented. The moisture content of the fast-returning noodles can be determined by, for example, a room temperature heating drying method.
In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the fast-returning noodles of the present invention is not limited to a circle, and may be an arbitrary shape such as an ellipse, a triangle, or a quadrangle. Further, the size of the cross-section of the fast-returning noodles is not particularly limited, but if the cross-section becomes large, the cooking cooking time becomes long, so that it is limited by the desired cooking cooking time. Preferably, the thickness is 2 mm or less, more preferably 1-2 mm.
If the cross-sectional size of the fast-returning noodles is within the above range, the cooking time can be 5 minutes or less, more preferably 3 to 4 minutes. Here, the cooking cooking time is the time until the noodles are quickly returned to boiling water and cooked and then drained in a colander.
本発明の早戻り麺類の製造方法は、茹で処理後の麺の水分含量が40〜70質量％となるように原料麺を実質的に食塩を含まない水で茹で処理し、次いで乾燥処理後の早戻り麺類の食塩含量が7〜25質量％になるように5〜25質量％、より好ましくは20〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理し、さらに5〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理した麺を乾燥処理することを含む方法である。本発明により得られる麺類としては、スパゲッティやマカロニ等の洋風麺、ラーメンやヤキソバ等の中華麺、うどんやそば等の和風麺等が挙げられる。
原料麺が乾麺である場合、実質的に食塩を含まない水で茹で処理する時間は15秒〜10分間であり、5〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理する時間は1〜30分間であるのが好ましい。より好ましくは、実質的に食塩を含まない水で茹で処理する時間は1〜5分間であり、5〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理する時間は1〜5分間である。
原料麺が生麺である場合、実質的に食塩を含まない水で茹で処理する時間は1〜5分間であり、5〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理する時間は1〜8分間であるのが好ましい。より好ましくは、実質的に食塩を含まない水で茹で処理する時間は1〜3分間であり、5〜25質量％の食塩水で茹で処理する時間は1〜3分間である。実質的に食塩を含まない水及び5〜25質量％の食塩水での茹で処理時間は生産性の面からも短い方がよく、また上記範囲内であれば、コシのない、弾力の弱い麺となることを防止できる。
なお、実質的に食塩を含まない水での茹で処理は、好ましくは茹で処理後の麺の水分含量が40〜70質量％となるように行う。上記範囲の水分含量とすることで麺内部への食塩の浸透を防止することができる。より好ましくは、茹で処理後の麺の水分含量が40〜55質量％となるように行う。麺の水分含量は、例えば105℃常圧加熱乾燥法により求めることができる。
また、5〜25質量％の食塩水での茹で処理は、好ましくは乾燥処理後の早戻り麺類の食塩含量が7〜25質量％になるように行う。より好ましくは、乾燥処理後の早戻り麺類の食塩含量が10〜15質量％になるように行う。上記範囲の食塩含量とすることで喫食時の塩味を抑えることができる。
ここで、実質的に食塩を含まない水とは、上水や地下水等をいう。また、茹で処理とは、水又は食塩水が沸騰した状態で原料麺を茹でることを意味する。
In the method for producing fast-returning noodles according to the present invention, the raw noodles are boiled with water containing substantially no salt so that the moisture content of the boiled noodles is 40 to 70% by mass, and then dried. Treat the boiled noodles with a salt solution of 5-25% by weight, more preferably 20-25% by weight so that the salt content of the noodles is 7-25% by weight, and further boil with a salt solution of 5-25% by weight. The dried noodles. Examples of the noodles obtained by the present invention include Western noodles such as spaghetti and macaroni, Chinese noodles such as ramen and yakisoba, and Japanese noodles such as udon and soba.
When the raw noodles are dry noodles, the time for boil treatment with water that does not substantially contain salt is 15 seconds to 10 minutes, and the time for boil treatment with 5 to 25% by mass of salt water is 1 to 30 minutes Is preferred. More preferably, the time for boiled treatment with water containing substantially no salt is 1 to 5 minutes, and the time for boiled treatment with 5 to 25% by mass of saline is 1 to 5 minutes.
When raw material noodles are raw noodles, the time to boil with water that does not substantially contain salt is 1 to 5 minutes, and the time to boil with 5 to 25% by mass of saline is 1 to 8 minutes Is preferred. More preferably, the time for boiled treatment with substantially salt-free water is 1 to 3 minutes, and the time for boiled treatment with 5 to 25% by weight of saline solution is 1 to 3 minutes. Boiled with substantially salt-free water and 5 to 25% by weight salt solution is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity, and if it is within the above range, there is no stiffness and weak elasticity. Can be prevented.
It is to be noted that the boiled treatment with water containing substantially no salt is preferably performed so that the moisture content of the noodles after the boiled treatment is 40 to 70% by mass. By setting the water content within the above range, it is possible to prevent the penetration of salt into the inside of the noodle. More preferably, it is carried out so that the moisture content of the noodles after boiling is 40 to 55% by mass. The moisture content of the noodles can be determined by, for example, a 105 ° C. normal pressure heating drying method.
The boiled treatment with 5 to 25% by mass of saline is preferably carried out so that the salt content of the fast-returning noodles after the drying treatment is 7 to 25% by mass. More preferably, it is performed so that the salt content of the fast-returning noodles after the drying treatment is 10 to 15% by mass. By setting the salt content in the above range, salty taste at the time of eating can be suppressed.
Here, the water that does not substantially contain salt refers to tap water, groundwater, or the like. The boiled treatment means that the raw material noodles are boiled in a state where water or saline is boiled.
原料麺としては、乾麺、生麺等の任意の形態のものを使用することができる。
原料麺である乾麺は、生麺を乾燥したものであり、当業者によく知られた任意の方法、例えば、後述の生麺の製造方法によって製造された生麺を、50℃程度の比較的低温で乾燥することによって得ることができる。
また、原料麺である生麺としては、当業者によく知られた任意の方法によって製造された生麺を用いることができる。生麺は、例えば以下のようにして製造することができる。
原料として、デュラムセモリナ、普通小麦粉を使用してドウを調整する。必要に応じて、小麦粉の一部に澱粉、卵、野菜類を添加してもよい。小麦粉に対して25〜37質量％の範囲で水を添加する。この範囲内であれば、性質のよいドウの形成が容易である。このドウからエクストルーダーを用いて、真空状態（水銀柱400〜700mmHg）で脱気しながら、高圧（80〜200kg/cm2）で麺を押し出す。なお、押し出す際、筋付きのダイで押し出す事で復元性を高めることができる。
As raw material noodles, those in any form such as dry noodles and raw noodles can be used.
Dried noodles, which are raw noodles, are dried raw noodles, and any method well known to those skilled in the art, for example, raw noodles produced by the raw noodle production method described below, It can be obtained by drying at a low temperature.
Moreover, as raw noodles which are raw material noodles, raw noodles produced by any method well known to those skilled in the art can be used. Raw noodles can be produced, for example, as follows.
The dough is adjusted using durum semolina and ordinary wheat flour as raw materials. As needed, you may add starch, an egg, and vegetables to a part of wheat flour. Water is added in the range of 25 to 37% by mass with respect to the flour. Within this range, it is easy to form dough with good properties. Using the extruder, the noodles are extruded from the dough at high pressure (80 to 200 kg / cm 2 ) while degassing in a vacuum state (mercury column 400 to 700 mmHg). In addition, when extruding, the restoring property can be enhanced by extruding with a die having a line.
また、本発明の早戻り麺類の別の製造方法は、乾燥処理後の早戻り麺類の食塩含量が7〜25質量％、より好ましくは10〜15質量％になるように原料麺の表面に食塩を付着させ、表面に食塩が付着した麺を乾燥処理することを含む方法である。この製造方法は、原料麺が生麺である場合に適している。原料麺の表面に食塩を付着させる方法としては、例えば原料麺の表面に水を噴霧したのち食塩を表面に付着させる方法、原料麺の表面に食塩水を塗布する方法及び原料麺を蒸煮した後麺表面の結露した水の上に食塩を付着させる方法等が挙げられる。
原料麺の表面に水を噴霧したのち食塩を表面に付着させる方法においては、噴霧する水の量は麺150g当たり2〜10gであるのが好ましく、より好ましくは5〜8gである。また、麺表面に付着させる食塩は麺150g当たり20〜40gであるのが好ましく、より好ましくは25〜35gである。
原料麺の表面に食塩水を塗布する方法においては、食塩水の食塩濃度は15質量％以上であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは15〜25質量％である。
原料麺を蒸煮した後、麺表面の結露した水の上に食塩を付着させる方法においては、蒸煮する時間は好ましくは5秒〜3分間である。また、麺表面に付着させる食塩は麺150g当たり20〜40gであるのが好ましい。
In addition, another method for producing the fast-returning noodles of the present invention is a method of preparing salt on the surface of the raw material noodles so that the salt content of the fast-returning noodles after the drying treatment is 7 to 25% by mass, more preferably 10 to 15% by mass. And the noodle with the salt attached to the surface is dried. This manufacturing method is suitable when the raw material noodles are raw noodles. Examples of the method of attaching salt to the surface of the raw material noodle include, for example, a method of spraying water on the surface of the raw material noodle and then attaching the salt to the surface, a method of applying saline to the surface of the raw material noodle, and after steaming the raw material noodle For example, a method of attaching sodium chloride on the condensed water on the noodle surface.
In the method of spraying water on the surface of the raw material noodle and then attaching the salt to the surface, the amount of water sprayed is preferably 2 to 10 g, more preferably 5 to 8 g, per 150 g of noodle. Moreover, it is preferable that the salt made to adhere to the surface of noodles is 20-40g per 150g of noodles, More preferably, it is 25-35g.
In the method of applying saline to the surface of the raw material noodles, the salt concentration of the saline is preferably 15% by mass or more, more preferably 15 to 25% by mass.
In the method in which salt is deposited on the condensed water on the surface of the noodle after the raw material noodle has been cooked, the cooking time is preferably 5 seconds to 3 minutes. Moreover, it is preferable that the salt attached to the noodle surface is 20 to 40 g per 150 g of noodles.
上記の本発明の早戻り麺類の製造方法における乾燥処理は、いずれの場合も、得られる早戻り麺類の水分含量が13質量％以下となるように行うのが好ましい。より好ましくは11〜13質量％である。上記乾燥処理は、例えば40〜60℃80〜95％RHで8〜18時間又は80〜95℃70〜90％RHで6〜14時間行われる。水分含量が上記範囲内であれば、保存中の品質劣化を防止することができるとともに、亀裂、折れ、曲がり等の物性変化を防止することができる。 In any case, the drying treatment in the method for producing fast-returning noodles of the present invention is preferably performed so that the water content of the rapid-returning noodles obtained is 13% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 11-13 mass%. The drying treatment is performed, for example, at 40 to 60 ° C. at 80 to 95% RH for 8 to 18 hours or at 80 to 95 ° C. at 70 to 90% RH for 6 to 14 hours. When the water content is within the above range, quality deterioration during storage can be prevented, and changes in physical properties such as cracks, breaks, and bends can be prevented.
（実施例１）
デュラムセモリナ5kgに用水1.45kgを加え、ミキサーで10分混捏を行った。捏ねられたドウをエクストルーダーに移し、650mmHgで脱気しながら押し出し圧力110kg/cm2で線径1.6mmのダイを用いて押し出して生スパゲッティを得た。得られた生スパゲッティを沸騰状態の上水で1分間茹で処理した。茹で処理後のスパゲッティの水分含量は48質量％であった。水切り後、さらに20質量％の食塩水で1分間茹で処理した。水切り後、スパゲッティをリテーナー（150×150×25mm）に充填し、ほぐし機で麺塊の高さを均一に整えた。リテーナーに充填したまま、麺塊を乾燥機中で乾燥した。乾燥は、風速1.5mm/cm2にて、調湿しながら16時間行った（最高温度88℃80％RH30分）。乾燥後のスパゲッティの塩分含量は15質量％であり、水分含量は12質量％であった。得られた乾燥スパゲッティを中火で上水1L中で3分45秒間茹で、アルデンテ状態のスパゲッティを得た。
なお、乾燥スパゲッティの食塩含量は、電量滴定法を用いて塩素量を測定し、当該塩素量から換算して食塩量を求めた。水分含量は、105℃常圧加熱乾燥法を用いて測定した。
得られたスパゲッティの硬さをクリープメーターで測定し、市販品（乾燥スパゲッティ1.6ｍｍ、レトルト生タイプスパゲッティ）を復元させたものと比較した。結果を図１に示す。
（市販品：乾燥スパゲッティの復元方法）
熱水で7分間、茹で処理して、喫食状態に復元させた。
（市販品：容器入りレトルト生タイプスパゲッティの復元方法）
容器にレトルト生タイプスパゲッティを入れ、熱水を注加して1分間保持した後、熱水を容器から排出して、喫食状態に復元させた。
(硬さの測定方法)
測定機器：クリープメータＲＥ３３０５(クリープメータ物性試験システム)
テスト内容：破断テスト
プランジャー：Ｎｏ２７
プランジャースピード：０．１ｍｍ／秒
ロードセル：２ｋｇｆ
（測定結果の評価）
本発明品は、市販の乾燥スパゲッティと同様の破断荷重変遷となっているのに対し、市市販のレトルト生タイプスパゲッティの場合は、市販の乾燥スパゲッティの破断荷重変遷と大きく異なっており、また、破断荷重の最高値が市販の乾燥スパゲッティの半分となっており、歯ごたえの無さを証明している。
Example 1
1.45 kg of irrigation water was added to 5 kg of Durum Semolina and mixed for 10 minutes with a mixer. The kneaded dough was transferred to an extruder and extruded using a die having a wire diameter of 1.6 mm at an extrusion pressure of 110 kg / cm 2 while degassing at 650 mmHg to obtain raw spaghetti. The obtained raw spaghetti was treated with boiling water for 1 minute. The water content of the spaghetti after being boiled was 48% by mass. After draining, it was further treated with 20% by weight saline for 1 minute. After draining, the spaghetti was filled into a retainer (150 × 150 × 25 mm), and the noodle mass was uniformly adjusted with a loosening machine. The noodle mass was dried in a drier while filling the retainer. Drying was carried out at a wind speed of 1.5 mm / cm 2 for 16 hours while humidity was adjusted (maximum temperature of 88 ° C. and 80% RH for 30 minutes). The salt content of the spaghetti after drying was 15% by mass and the water content was 12% by mass. The obtained dried spaghetti was boiled for 3 minutes and 45 seconds in 1 L of clean water over medium heat to obtain a spaghetti in an aldente state.
In addition, the salt content of dry spaghetti measured the amount of chlorine using the coulometric titration method, and calculated | required the amount of salt by converting from the said amount of chlorine. The moisture content was measured using a 105 ° C. atmospheric pressure heating drying method.
The hardness of the obtained spaghetti was measured with a creep meter and compared with a product obtained by restoring a commercial product (dried spaghetti 1.6 mm, raw retort type spaghetti). The results are shown in FIG.
(Commercial product: How to restore dried spaghetti)
It was boiled with hot water for 7 minutes to restore the eating state.
(Commercial product: Retort raw spaghetti restoration method in a container)
A fresh retort type spaghetti was put into a container, hot water was poured into the container and held for 1 minute, and then the hot water was discharged from the container to restore it to the eating state.
(Measurement method of hardness)
Measuring equipment: Creep meter RE3305 (creep meter physical property test system)
Test contents: Break test Plunger: No27
Plunger speed: 0.1 mm / sec Load cell: 2 kgf
(Evaluation of measurement results)
The product of the present invention has a breaking load transition similar to that of commercially available dry spaghetti, whereas in the case of a commercially available retort raw type spaghetti, it is greatly different from the breaking load transition of commercially available dry spaghetti, The highest breaking load is half that of commercially available dried spaghetti, demonstrating the lack of crunch.
（実施例２）
実施例１と同様にして、エクストルーダーで線径1.6mmのダイを用いて押し出して生スパゲッティを得た。得られた生スパゲッティに食塩を付着した。次いで、リテーナー（150×150×25mm）に充填し、ほぐし機で麺塊の高さを均一に整えた。リテーナーに充填したまま、麺塊を乾燥機中で乾燥した。乾燥は、風速1.5mm/cm2にて、調湿しながら16時間行った（最高温度88℃80％RH30分）。乾燥後のスパゲッティの塩分含量は約19質量％であり、水分含量は12質量％であった。得られた乾燥スパゲッティを中火で上水1L中で3分45秒間茹で、アルデンテ状態のスパゲッティを得た。
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, raw spaghetti was obtained by extruding with an extruder using a die having a wire diameter of 1.6 mm. Salt was adhered to the obtained raw spaghetti. Then, it was filled in a retainer (150 × 150 × 25 mm), and the height of the noodle mass was uniformly adjusted with a loosening machine. The noodle mass was dried in a drier while filling the retainer. Drying was performed at a wind speed of 1.5 mm / cm 2 for 16 hours while humidity was adjusted (maximum temperature of 88 ° C. and 80% RH for 30 minutes). The salt content of the spaghetti after drying was about 19% by mass, and the water content was 12% by mass. The obtained dried spaghetti was boiled in 1 L of clean water for 3 minutes and 45 seconds over medium heat to obtain a spaghetti in an aldente state.
（実施例３）
デュラムセモリナ100％の線径1.6mmの乾燥スパゲッティ（市販品）70gをバケットに充填し、沸騰状態の上水で5分茹で処理した。茹で処理後のスパゲッティの水分含量は57質量％であった。水切り後、さらに20質量％の食塩水で1分茹で処理した。水切り後、リテーナー（150×150×25mm）に充填し、ほぐし機で麺塊の高さを均一に整えた。リテーナーに充填したまま、麺塊を乾燥機中で乾燥した。乾燥は、風速1.5mm/cm2にて、調湿しながら16時間行った（最高温度88℃80％RH30分）。乾燥後のスパゲッティの塩分含量は約17質量％であり、水分含量は約12質量％であった。得られた乾燥スパゲッティを火力中火で上水1L中で4分茹で、アルデンテ状態のスパゲッティを得た。
(Example 3)
A bucket of 70 g of dried spaghetti (commercially available) of 100% durum semolina with a wire diameter of 1.6 mm was filled in a bucket and treated with boiling water for 5 minutes. The water content of the spaghetti after the boil treatment was 57% by mass. After draining, it was further treated with 20% by mass saline for 1 minute. After draining, it was filled in a retainer (150 × 150 × 25 mm), and the noodle mass was uniformly adjusted with a loosening machine. The noodle mass was dried in a drier while filling the retainer. Drying was performed at a wind speed of 1.5 mm / cm 2 for 16 hours while humidity was adjusted (maximum temperature of 88 ° C. and 80% RH for 30 minutes). The salt content of the spaghetti after drying was about 17% by mass, and the water content was about 12% by mass. The obtained dried spaghetti was heated for 4 minutes in 1 L of clean water over a medium-temperature fire to obtain a spaghetti in an aldente state.
（比較例１）
実施例１と同様にして、エクストルーダーで線径1.6mmのダイを用いて押し出して生スパゲッティを得た。得られた生スパゲッティを20質量％の食塩水で1分間茹で処理した。1分間の水洗い後、リテーナー（150×150×25ｍｍ）に充填し、ほぐし機で麺塊の高さを均一に整えた。リテーナーに充填したまま、麺塊を乾燥機中で乾燥した。乾燥条件は、風速1.5mm/cm2にて、調湿しながら16時間行った（最高温度88℃80％RH30分）。得られた乾燥スパゲッティの塩分含量は約17質量％であり、水分含量は12質量％であった。得られた早戻り麺類を中火で上水1L中で7分間茹で、アルデンテ状態のスパゲッティを得た。
(Comparative Example 1)
In the same manner as in Example 1, raw spaghetti was obtained by extruding with an extruder using a die having a wire diameter of 1.6 mm. The obtained raw spaghetti was treated with 20% by weight saline for 1 minute. After washing with water for 1 minute, it was filled in a retainer (150 × 150 × 25 mm), and the height of the noodle mass was uniformly adjusted with a loosening machine. The noodle mass was dried in a drier while filling the retainer. Drying conditions were carried out at a wind speed of 1.5 mm / cm 2 for 16 hours while humidity was adjusted (maximum temperature 88 ° C. 80% RH 30 minutes). The obtained dried spaghetti had a salt content of about 17% by mass and a water content of 12% by mass. The obtained fast-returning noodles were boiled for 7 minutes in 1 L of tap water over medium heat to obtain spaghetti in an aldente state.
（比較例２）
実施例１と同様にして、エクストルーダーで線径1.6mmのダイを用いて押し出して生スパゲッティを得た。得られた生スパゲッティを20質量％の食塩水で1分間茹で処理した。
水切り後、リテーナー（150×150×25ｍｍ）に充填し、ほぐし機で麺塊の高さを均一に整えた。リテーナーに充填したまま、麺塊を乾燥機中で乾燥した。乾燥は、風速1.5mm/cm2にて、調湿しながら16時間行った（最高温度88℃80％RH30分）。得られた乾燥スパゲッティの塩分含量は約11質量％であり、水分含量は12質量％であった。得られた乾燥スパゲッティを中火で上水1L中で4分15秒茹で、アルデンテ状態のスパゲッティを得た。
(Comparative Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, raw spaghetti was obtained by extruding with an extruder using a die having a wire diameter of 1.6 mm. The obtained raw spaghetti was treated with 20% by weight saline for 1 minute.
After draining, it was filled in a retainer (150 × 150 × 25 mm), and the height of the noodle mass was uniformly adjusted with a loosening machine. The noodle mass was dried in a drier while filling the retainer. Drying was performed at a wind speed of 1.5 mm / cm 2 for 16 hours while humidity was adjusted (maximum temperature of 88 ° C. and 80% RH for 30 minutes). The obtained dried spaghetti had a salt content of about 11% by mass and a water content of 12% by mass. The obtained dried spaghetti was heated in 1 L of clean water at medium heat for 4 minutes and 15 seconds to obtain an aldente spaghetti.
（比較例３）
得られた乾燥スパゲッティを中火で上水1L中で3分45秒茹でた以外は、比較例２と同様にして、アルデンテ状態のスパゲッティを得た。
(Comparative Example 3)
Ardente spaghetti was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the obtained dried spaghetti was boiled for 3 minutes and 45 seconds in 1 L of clean water over medium heat.
（パスタ中の食塩含量測定）
検量線用試料の調製：
（１）スパゲッティ粉砕物と食塩（微粉）を所定の濃度になるように混合し、めのう乳鉢で良く混ぜた。食塩濃度は、0、10、20、30、100質量％に調製した。
（２）調製粉末500mgをFT-IR用打錠機の金型に入れ、打錠した（加圧重量：6トン/cm2、加圧時間：10分）。
スパゲッティの調製：
試料乾燥スパゲッティの断面が水平かつ平滑になるように割り、塩素を含まない弾力性のあるポリエチレン系樹脂の消しゴムに面を揃えて包埋した。測定条件を一定にするために、複数の試料を同時に包埋した。
測定試料の前処理：
（１）試料台に導電性カーボンテープを張り、この上に検量線用試料及び測定用乾燥スパゲッティを装着した。複数のサンプルを一つの試料台にまとめて装着した。
（２）測定用乾燥スパゲッティの表面をスパッタリングにより金で被覆した。
検量線用試料の測定：
走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて検量線用試料を50倍で観察し、画面上で水平方向の分析ラインを設定して、走査型電子顕微鏡に装着したエネルギー分散型Ｘ線分析装置により食塩含量のライン分析を行った。分析条件詳細については下記表１の通りである。
(Measurement of salt content in pasta)
Preparation of sample for calibration curve:
(1) The spaghetti pulverized product and salt (fine powder) were mixed to a predetermined concentration and mixed well in an agate mortar. The salt concentration was adjusted to 0, 10, 20, 30, 100% by mass.
(2) 500 mg of the prepared powder was put into a mold of a tablet machine for FT-IR and tableted (pressurized weight: 6 tons / cm 2 , pressurization time: 10 minutes).
Preparation of spaghetti:
The sample dry spaghetti was cut so that the cross section was horizontal and smooth, and embedded in an elastic polyethylene-based resin eraser containing no chlorine. In order to make the measurement conditions constant, a plurality of samples were embedded simultaneously.
Sample pretreatment:
(1) A conductive carbon tape was stretched on a sample stage, and a calibration curve sample and a dry spaghetti for measurement were mounted thereon. A plurality of samples were mounted together on a single sample stage.
(2) The surface of the measurement dry spaghetti was coated with gold by sputtering.
Calibration curve sample measurement:
Use a scanning electron microscope to observe a sample for a calibration curve at a magnification of 50 times, set a horizontal analysis line on the screen, and use the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer attached to the scanning electron microscope to change the salt content line. Analysis was carried out. Details of the analysis conditions are as shown in Table 1 below.
256の各測定点で得られた塩素強度の平均値を当該濃度の検量線用データとした。塩素についてのＸ線強度の平均値を下記表２に、Ｘ線強度と食塩濃度との関係を示すグラフを図２に示す。 The average value of the chlorine intensity obtained at each of the 256 measurement points was used as calibration curve data for the concentration. The average value of the X-ray intensity for chlorine is shown in Table 2 below, and a graph showing the relationship between the X-ray intensity and the salt concentration is shown in FIG.
測定用乾燥スパゲッティの測定：
検量線用試料と同一条件（ワーキングディスタンス、加速電圧、電流強度、スポットサイズなど）で、食塩含量のライン分析及び元素マッピングを行った。測定用乾燥スパゲッティの中心部及び周縁部の食塩濃度は、図２の検量線をもとに算出した。各測定用乾燥スパゲッティの中心部および周縁部の食塩濃度を下記表３に示す。また、各測定用乾燥スパゲッティの元素マッピング及びＸ線強度マッピングを図３〜７に示す。なお、周縁部の食塩含量については、ライン分析の左側及び右側の値を示す。
また、食塩含量測定で用いた各装置は下記表４の通りである。
Measurement of dry spaghetti for measurement:
Under the same conditions as the calibration curve sample (working distance, acceleration voltage, current intensity, spot size, etc.), line analysis and element mapping of salt content were performed. The salt concentration at the center and the peripheral edge of the dry spaghetti for measurement was calculated based on the calibration curve in FIG. Table 3 below shows the salt concentrations in the center and the periphery of each measurement dry spaghetti. Moreover, elemental mapping and X-ray intensity mapping of the dry spaghetti for each measurement are shown in FIGS. In addition, about the salt content of a peripheral part, the value of the left side of a line analysis and the right side is shown.
Moreover, each apparatus used by salt content measurement is as Table 4 below.
パスタ断面の食塩含量の分析：
（１）上記元素マッピング像を画像処理ソフトウエアPhotoshop（アドビシステムズ社製）で開き、矩形選択ツールでパスタ断面がちょうど囲まれるような長方形を選択して切り取り、背景を除去して背景除去画像を得た。
（２）前記背景除去画像を、画像解析アプリケーションPopimaging Ver. 2.00（Digital being kids社製）で二値化してパスタ断面が白、背景が黒の二値化画像を得た。
（３）前記二値化画像を画像処理ソフトウエアPhotoshop（アドビシステムズ社製）で開き、白黒を反転させ、90％に縮小してパスタ断面の90％相似形の画像を得た。
（４）画像処理ソフトウエアPhotoshop（アドビシステムズ社製）を用いて、前記背景除去画像と前記90％相似形の画像とを、長方形が重なるように重ねた。このように重ねることで量画像のパスタ断面の中心が重なる。
（５）画像解析アプリケーションPopimaging Ver. 2.00（Digital being kids社製）を用いて前記背景除去画像と前記90％相似形の画像とを重ねた画像を適切に二値化して、周縁部の食塩含量40質量％以上の領域を求めた。得られたパスタ断面の二値化画像（食塩含量40％以上）及び周縁部の二値化画像（食塩含量40％以上）を図８及び９に示す。また、食塩含量40％以上の分布のデータを表５に示す。
Analysis of salt content in pasta cross section:
(1) Open the above element mapping image with image processing software Photoshop (manufactured by Adobe Systems), select the rectangle that the pasta cross-section is just surrounded by the rectangle selection tool, cut it out, remove the background, and remove the background removed image Obtained.
(2) The background-removed image was binarized with an image analysis application Popimaging Ver. 2.00 (manufactured by Digital being kids) to obtain a binarized image having a white pasta cross section and a black background.
(3) The binarized image was opened with image processing software Photoshop (manufactured by Adobe Systems), black and white were reversed, and the image was reduced to 90% to obtain a 90% similar image of pasta cross section.
(4) Using the image processing software Photoshop (manufactured by Adobe Systems), the background-removed image and the 90% similar image were overlapped so that the rectangles overlapped. By overlapping in this way, the centers of pasta sections of the quantity image overlap.
(5) Image analysis application Popimaging Ver. 2.00 (manufactured by Digital being kids) is used to appropriately binarize the image obtained by superimposing the background-removed image and the 90% similarity image, so that the salt content in the peripheral portion is obtained. An area of 40% by mass or more was obtained. 8 and 9 show the binarized image (salt content 40% or more) of the obtained pasta cross section and the binarized image (salt content 40% or more) of the peripheral portion. In addition, Table 5 shows data of distribution with a salt content of 40% or more.
Claims (3)
食塩を含まない粉末状試料と粉末状の食塩を、濃度を変えて混合及び成形して食塩濃度の異なる検量線作成用試料を複数個用意する工程と、
上記各検量線作成用試料の塩素のＸ線強度を測定する工程と、
上記各検量線作成用試料中の食塩濃度と前記Ｘ線強度から前記塩素の測定値についての検量線を作成する工程と、
乾燥した麺類の断面が水平かつ平滑になるように割り、前記塩素を含まない弾力性のある樹脂に面を揃えて包埋した後、上記断面に金をスパッタリングする工程と、前記包埋した麺類の断面の任意の直線上の各位置における塩素のＸ線強度を測定し、前記検量線によって食塩の濃度に換算することによって、上記麺類断面における食塩分布濃度を測定する工程からなることを特徴とする麺類断面における食塩の分布濃度測定方法。 In a method for measuring a salt distribution concentration in a cross-section of noodles using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer attached to a scanning electron microscope for measuring X-ray intensity,
The powdered sample and powdered salt containing no salt, and a step of plurality prepare different calibration curve for samples of salt concentration by mixing and molding by changing the concentration,
A step of measuring the X-ray intensity of chlorine in each of the calibration curve preparation samples,
Creating a calibration curve for the measured value of chlorine from the salt concentration and the X-ray intensity in each of the calibration curve preparation samples;
Split the dried noodles so that the cross-section is horizontal and smooth, and embed them in the elastic resin containing no chlorine, and then embed them in the cross-section, and then burying the embedded noodles Characterized in that it comprises the step of measuring the salt distribution concentration in the noodle cross section by measuring the X-ray intensity of chlorine at each position on an arbitrary straight line of the cross section and converting to the concentration of salt by the calibration curve. Of distribution concentration of sodium chloride in the cross-section of noodles .
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| JP2000074858A (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-14 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Method for quantitating palladium palladium catalyst |
| JP2000346816A (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-12-15 | Shimadzu Corp | X-ray analysis device |
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| JP2003090811A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-28 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Quantitative analysis method using mapping data |
| JP2003116476A (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-04-22 | Toshimasa Suzuki | Method for producing wheat vermicelli |
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| JP2000074858A (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-14 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Method for quantitating palladium palladium catalyst |
| JP2000346816A (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-12-15 | Shimadzu Corp | X-ray analysis device |
| JP2002310954A (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2002-10-23 | Shimadzu Corp | Sample analyzer |
| JP2003090811A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-28 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Quantitative analysis method using mapping data |
| JP2003116476A (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-04-22 | Toshimasa Suzuki | Method for producing wheat vermicelli |
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