JP4603948B2 - Corner fishway - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a corner fishway installed in a river or the like.

  The idea of installing a fishway that has been organized through the “Model Project for River Climbing Fish” that has been implemented since 1992 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and the Civil Engineering Research Institute is now "Is being compiled. In the future, from the viewpoint of the water system, the development of the fishway is scheduled to be developed nationwide, targeting small river weirs / heads and locks connecting the waters around the river. When installing a fishway in a small-scale facility, not only technical issues, but also securing installation cost and flow rate can be a limiting factor. Therefore, in addition to the various existing fishway technologies, there is a demand for a fishway that creates an area that is inexpensive and can be run up with a small flow rate.

  By the way, what is currently attached to a waterway as a general thing as a fishway is a plurality of partitions that can be attached to and detached from the waterway, and each of these walls controls the flow of water in the waterway (for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-259060

  However, since the fishway disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which the partition wall is attached to and removed from the insertion grooves formed on both side walls of the water channel, the partition wall is arranged over the full width of the water channel, and the flow of the water gradually flows into the water channel by the partition wall. A new region is formed. Therefore, an independent flow for the fishway had to be formed separately, and it was not in line with the demand.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the prior art, and does not need to form an independent flow for the fishway, can form a gentle flow region, and is suitable for a fish upstream path. The purpose is to provide a corner fishway.

In order to solve the above problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a fishway installed at a corner of a water channel having a corner formed by at least one side wall and a bottom wall, wherein the corner A plurality of baffle plates are arranged at predetermined intervals along the section, and the flow that becomes the upstream path of the fish is moderate in the portion along the open side opposite to the corners of the baffle plate A region is formed , and the baffle plate is further arranged such that a portion not in contact with a portion in contact with the side wall of the water channel is inclined at a predetermined angle toward the upstream side .

  The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the baffle plate is disposed to be inclined at a predetermined angle toward the bottom wall of the water channel. The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the baffle plate has a substantially L-shape composed of a vertical plate portion and a horizontal plate portion, and the outer edge of the vertical plate portion is a side wall of the water channel. The bottom edge of the horizontal plate portion is in contact with the bottom wall of the water channel.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the invention according to the third aspect, wherein the baffle plate is a fish even at a low water level where the depth of the water flowing through the water channel is small at the upper part of the connecting portion of the horizontal plate portion and the vertical plate portion Is formed with a recess capable of creating a region capable of going up. A fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the third or fourth aspect , the baffle plate has a wave return plate attached to the longitudinal plate portion.

  A fishway installed at a corner of a water channel having a corner formed by at least one side wall and a bottom wall as described above, wherein a plurality of baffle plates are provided along the corner. And a gentle area of the flow that becomes the upstream path of the fish is formed in the portion along the open side opposite to the corner of the baffle, so that the partition wall spans the full width of the waterway. It is not necessary to form a separate flow separately as in the conventional fishway where the fish is arranged, and it is possible to provide a corner fishway suitable as a fish upstream path.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a front view of a side wall formed of concrete on one side from the center of the water channel, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a side view thereof. Reference numeral 1 denotes a water channel in which a corner fishway is installed, and includes a bottom wall 2 and a side wall 3 erected on one side of the bottom wall. The other side of the bottom wall 2 is open, but a similar side wall may be provided if necessary. The right side of the water channel 1 is upstream in the drawing, and the flow direction is indicated by an arrow, and as shown in FIG. 1, a gradient i that is inclined downward from upstream to downstream is attached.

  A corner portion 5 is formed by the bottom wall 2 and the side wall 3, and a plurality of baffle plates 7 are arranged at equal intervals along the corner portion 5 in this corner portion. The part fishway 8 is installed. The length of the fishway 8 is 3 m in the first embodiment. The baffle plate 7 is made of an arbitrary material such as a veneer plate or a metal plate, and as shown in FIG. 4, a vertical plate portion 7 a and a horizontal plate portion 7 b connected perpendicularly from the lower end portion of the plate portion. It is substantially L-shaped. In FIG. 4, b1 is the width of the vertical plate portion 7a, b2 is the width of the horizontal plate portion 7b, h1 is the height of the vertical plate portion 7a, and h2 is the height of the horizontal plate portion 7b. As shown in FIG. 1, the baffle plate 7 as described above is gradually lowered in height so that the upper end is aligned at a predetermined position in the flow direction.

  In the baffle plate 7 having the above-described shape, the outer edge of the vertical plate portion 7a is in contact with the side wall 3 of the water channel 1, and the lower end edge of the horizontal plate portion 7b is in contact with the bottom wall 2 of the water channel 1, as shown in FIG. As shown, it is disposed at an angle β inclined toward the bottom wall 2. In order to maintain a stable flow path of the fishway, it is preferable that the upper end of the vertical plate portion 7 a of the baffle plate 7 protrudes from the water surface of the water channel 1. In FIG. 5, A shows the arrangement | positioning space | interval of the baffle plate 7, B shows a channel width, H shows a channel height.

  By setting it as the said structure, the fishway 8 can be installed easily. When the water depth of the water channel 1 is as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the vertically oriented plate portion along which the water flowing from the upstream to the downstream side of the water channel 1 runs along the open side opposite to the corner portion 5 of the baffle plate 7 group. A vortex is generated by hitting 7a or the lateral plate 7b. Due to the generation of this vortex, as shown in FIG. 3 in particular, a gentle flow region X serving as a fish upstream path is formed in a portion along the open side opposite to the corner 5 of the baffle 7 group. The region X where the flow velocity is slow becomes the fish upstream path. Further, a flow that is lateral to the upstream path of the fish can be generated between the baffle plate 7 and the baffle plate 7. The horizontal flow can be adjusted in flow size and fluctuation range by the angle β shown in FIGS. The occurrence of a flow that is transverse to the upstream path is not desirable for the upstream of the fish, but it is difficult for some fish species that have poor swimming ability for such complex flows There is a possibility that it can be formed.

  In the first embodiment, since a region with a slow flow velocity is formed even when the water depth increases, a similar flow condition is obtained if the water depth of the water channel 1 is greater than the height h2 of the lateral plate portion 7b of the baffle plate 7. Can be maintained. As described above, it is desirable to make the height h1 of the vertically oriented plate portion 7a of the baffle plate 7 higher than the water surface of the water channel 1 in order to generate a vortex and form the region X having a gentle flow, but it is difficult. In this case, h1 = h2 may be set (however, in this case, the region where the flow is gentle becomes small).

(Embodiment 2)
6 is a front view, FIG. 7 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 8 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 9 is a drawing showing the shape of a baffle plate. In the second embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment is that the vertical plate portion 17a and the horizontal plate portion 17b of the baffle plate 17 are connected at an angle θ as is apparent from FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the angle β is directed toward the bottom wall 12 and the portion not in contact with the portion in contact with the side wall 13 is inclined toward the upstream side by the angle α. Since the other configuration is the same, like parts are indicated by adding 10 to the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. As in the first embodiment, it is preferable that the upper end of the vertical plate portion 17 a of the baffle plate 17 protrudes from the water surface of the water channel 11 in order to maintain a stable flow path of the fishway.

  Also in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, a gentle flow region X serving as a fish upstream path is formed in a portion along the open side opposite to the corner 15 of the baffle 17 group. Thus, substantially the same effect as in the first embodiment can be expected. In the second embodiment, the baffle plate 17 is further inclined at an angle α toward the upstream side. Therefore, even when the water depth of the water channel 11 is small, the bottom of the lateral plate portion 17b is below the tip. Since the height (elevation) 17c of the edge is higher than the height 17d of the upper edge of the connecting portion of the vertical plate portion 17a and the horizontal plate portion 17b, the water from the upstream side is the horizontal plate portion of the baffle plate 17 It flows in the direction of the vertical plate portion 17a along 17b, and a flow can be formed that flows between the corner portion 15 and the baffle plate 17 and the height 17d. Due to the continuous flow over the height 17d and the pool, it is possible to secure a fish run-up path even if there is only a thin flow on the bottom wall 12 surface of the water channel 11 and the fish cannot be run up. It becomes. However, when the water depth of the water channel 11 becomes large, a spring may be generated near the side wall 13, and care must be taken when the change width of the water depth becomes large. Further, a flow that is lateral to the upstream path of the fish can be generated between the baffle plate 17 and the baffle plate 7. The horizontal flow can be adjusted in flow size and fluctuation range by the angle β and the angle α shown in FIGS. The occurrence of a flow that is transverse to the upstream path is not desirable for the upstream of the fish, but it is difficult for some fish species that have poor swimming ability for such complex flows There is a possibility that it can be formed.

(Embodiment 3)
11 is a front view, FIG. 12 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 13 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 14 is a drawing showing the shape of a baffle plate. In the third embodiment, the basic form is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the difference from the second embodiment is that the horizontal plate portion 27b of the baffle plate 27 is intermediate from the portion in contact with the vertical plate portion 27a. The concave portion 29 is notched in the upper part of the portion. The reason for providing such a recess 29 is to create a region where fish can run up even when the depth of water flowing through the water channel 21 is low and the water level is low. Since the other configuration is the same, like parts are indicated by adding 20 to the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In FIG. 14, h3 indicates the depth of the recess 29, and b3 indicates the width of the recess 29. As in the first and second embodiments, it is preferable that the upper end of the vertical plate portion 27 a of the baffle plate 27 protrudes from the water surface of the water channel 21 in order to maintain a stable flow path of the fishway.

  By adopting the configuration as described above, as in the second embodiment, even when there is only a thin flow on the bottom wall 22 surface of the water channel 21 and it is considered impossible to go up the fish, it is possible to go up the fish. In addition, the width of the upstream path can be secured larger than in the case of the second embodiment. Under the third embodiment, when the water level is high, the fish run-up path in the portion along the open side opposite to the corner portion 25 of the baffle plate 27 group as in the first and second embodiments. A region X having a gentle flow is formed, and almost the same effect as in the first and second embodiments can be expected. However, as in the case of the second embodiment, when the water depth of the water channel 21 increases, the upwelling may occur in the vicinity of the side wall 23, and care must be taken when the variation width of the water depth increases.

(Embodiment 4)
15 is a front view, FIG. 16 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 17 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 18 is a drawing showing the shape of a baffle plate. The fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that the height of the vertical plate portion 37a of the baffle plate 37 is half or less, and the vertical plate portion 37a of the baffle plate 37. The wave returning plate 39 is attached between all upper end surfaces. The wave return plate 39 is composed of one long plate, and is fixed in such a manner that it is placed on the upper end surface of each vertical plate portion 37a. Since other configurations are the same, the same reference numerals are added to the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In FIG. 17, h indicates the installation height of the wave return 39, and b indicates the width of the wave return plate 39.

  By adopting the configuration as described above, even if the water depth of the water channel 31 becomes higher than the height h of the baffle plate, it is possible to prevent the water from rising. At this time, as in the first, second, and third embodiments, the gentle region X is maintained between the corner portions 35 of the baffle plates 37 group, and between the wave return 39 and the baffle plates 37. Can create a region Xa having a gentler flow. Further, the characteristics of the second and third embodiments in the case where the water depth is smaller than the height h of the baffle are not impaired. In the fourth embodiment, the upper ends of the vertical plate portions 37a of the baffle plate 37 that are necessary for maintaining a stable flow path of the fishway in the first, second, and third embodiments are the water surfaces of the water channels 31, respectively. The condition that must protrude from is not necessary. That is, the fourth embodiment is economical when the depth of the water channel 31 in which the fishway is installed becomes high, because the size of the corner fishway itself can be reduced.

  This wave return plate 39 is merely an example. For example, the height h of the vertical plate portion 37a of the baffle plate 37 may be the same as that of the side wall 33, and in that case, the baffle plate 37 is directed from one edge of the wave return plate 39 toward the intermediate portion in the width direction. It is possible to mount by fitting a groove into the vertical plate portion 37a and fitting the groove into the vertical plate portion 37a.

(Embodiment 5)
20 is a front view, FIG. 21 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 22 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 23 is a drawing showing the shape of a baffle plate. In the fifth embodiment, the technique of the second to fourth embodiments is applied, and the present technique can be applied to a flow surface having no corner portion. In other words, when the river width is wide, it is not dependent on the corner when it is thought that it is better to install the fishway close to the rod, such as when the position of the corner is far away from the downstream rod As an example of installation, as shown in FIG. 23, as shown in FIG. 23, a vertically oriented plate portion (flat plate portion) 47a and a horizontally oriented plate portion (swash plate portion) 47b connected at an angle θ upwardly from both sides of the vertically oriented plate portion. A plurality of substantially V-shaped baffle plates 47 are arranged at equal intervals along the bottom wall 42 of the water channel 41. Since the other configurations are the same, the same reference numerals are indicated by adding 40 to the same parts, and the description thereof is omitted.

  Even in the above-described configuration, a gentle flow region X serving as a fish upstream path is formed in the inner portion that is the upper portion of the vertical plate portion 47a and the outer portion of both the horizontal plate portions 47b. Can do. When the water depth is small, water gathers at the center (upper part of the vertical plate 47a), and this is the fish upstream path. When the water depth is large, the side of the baffle plate (the outer side of both laterally oriented plate portions 47b) becomes the fish upstream path.

  Although not shown as a modification, in the fifth embodiment, there are a plurality of baffle plates that are substantially V-shaped without the vertically-oriented plate portion 47a and are formed on the bottom wall of the water channel. It is good also as what was arrange | positioned at equal intervals along.

  In the above, the water channels 1,11,21,31,41 provided in the weirs installed at various places in the river are shown as an example. It can also be applied to waterways. Further, the configuration of the baffle plates 7, 17, 27, 37, 47 is only a preferable example, and is not necessarily limited to the illustrated one. Further, it is not always necessary to incline, and the shape thereof may be arbitrary, for example, by eliminating the vertical plate portion and forming only the horizontal plate portion. In addition, during implementation, the design can be changed and modified as appropriate within the scope of the matters described in the claims.

  In any of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth embodiments, in addition to the method of fixing the baffle plate directly to the channel bottom wall and channel side wall, the channel bottom wall in the first to fourth embodiments. In the fifth embodiment, a baffle plate is installed in advance on a flat plate along the bottom wall in the fifth embodiment, or in a flat plate along the bottom wall in the fifth embodiment. By fixing to the corner, the installation of the fishway can be simplified.

It is a front view which faces the side wall formed with concrete from the center part of the waterway which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention to one side. It is a top view same as the above. It is a side view same as the above It is drawing which shows the shape of a baffle plate same as the above. It is a principal part expansion perspective view same as the above. It is a front view which faces the side wall formed with the concrete from the center part of the waterway which shows Embodiment 2 to one side. It is a top view same as the above. It is a side view same as the above. It is drawing which shows the shape of a baffle plate same as the above. It is a principal part expansion perspective view same as the above. It is a front view which faces the side wall formed with concrete from the center part of the waterway which shows Embodiment 3 to one side. It is a top view same as the above. It is a side view same as the above. It is drawing which shows the shape of a baffle plate same as the above. It is a front view which faces the side wall formed with concrete from the center part of the waterway which shows Embodiment 4 to one side. It is a top view same as the above. It is a side view same as the above. It is drawing which shows the shape of a baffle plate same as the above. It is a principal part expansion perspective view same as the above. It is a front view which faces the side wall formed with the concrete from the center part of the waterway which shows Embodiment 5 to one side. It is a top view same as the above. It is a side view same as the above. It is drawing which shows the shape of a baffle plate same as the above. It is a principal part expansion perspective view same as the above.

Explanation of symbols

1, 11, 21, 31, 41 Channel 2, 12, 22, 32, 42 Bottom wall 3, 13, 23, 33, 43 Side wall 5, 15, 25, 35 Corner portion 7, 17, 27, 37, 47 Block plate 7a, 17a, 27a, 37a, 47a Longitudinal plate portion 7b, 17b, 27b, 37b, 47b Lateral plate portion 8, 18, 28, 38, 48 Fishway 29 Recessed portion 39 Wave return plate

Claims (5)

A waterway having a corner formed by at least one side wall and a bottom wall, and a fishway installed at the corner, wherein a plurality of baffle plates are spaced at predetermined intervals along the corner. And a gentle region of the flow that becomes the upstream path of fish is formed in a portion along the open side opposite to the corner of the baffle, and the baffle is further in contact with the side wall of the water channel. A corner fishway, characterized in that a portion that is not in contact with the above-mentioned portion as a reference is arranged so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle toward the upstream side .   The corner fishway according to claim 1, wherein the baffle plate is disposed to be inclined at a predetermined angle toward the bottom wall of the water channel.   The baffle plate has a substantially L-shape consisting of a vertical plate portion and a horizontal plate portion, the outer edge of the vertical plate portion is in contact with the side wall of the water channel, and the lower end edge of the horizontal plate portion is in contact with the bottom wall of the water channel. The corner fishway according to claim 1 or 2, which is arranged.   The baffle plate has a recess that can create an area where fish can run up even at low water levels where the depth of the water flowing through the water channel is small at the top of the connecting portion of the horizontal plate portion and the vertical plate portion. The corner fishway according to claim 3 formed. The corner fishway according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the baffle plate has a wave return plate attached to the longitudinal plate portion.

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