JP4595877B2 - 半導体パワーモジュール - Google Patents
半導体パワーモジュール Download PDFInfo
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Description
37Pb共晶系はんだが使われてきた。大型基板に適用しはんだ付け直後に大きな反りが発生しても、この反りは、Sn−37Pb共晶はんだ固有のクリープにより緩和され経時と共に低減される。また、はんだ最外周部においては、はんだ組織が基板の変形,応力に追従し、容易にはクラックが発生することはなく、寿命としての問題はなかった。
0.5Cu では、温度サイクル,断続通電の製品の温度変化等に対して、寿命低下が顕著に起きることが分かり、従来型モジュール構造では高信頼性の確保が困難な状況にある。
(1)Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu:
Pbフリーはんだの代表組成であり、強度,粘りがあり、針状のAg3Sn がネットワーク状に発達している組織である。
(2)Sn−0.7Cu:
Sn−0.7Cu 共晶はんだはSnマトリクス中にCu6Sn5が分散している状態であるが、Sn−Ag系共晶はんだのAg3Sn量と比べると量は少なく、かつ、Cu6Sn5がAg3Sn 程には強度強化に繋がらない。従って、比較的強度は低く伸びに優れているので、変形性に優れる性質がある。
(3)Sn−1.5Ag−0.5Cu:
Ag量が(1)と(2)との中間域で、Ag3Sn のネットワークが形成するまでは成長していない組織で、性質も両者の中間である。3%Ag入りはんだに比べ、LSIに対する応力負担を軽減できる理由で、はんだバンプ接続等では使用されている。
(4)Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu−5In:
Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu の代表組成に5%Inを添加した組成であり、Inを入れることで融点が下がる。Inは柔らかいので、室温強度はSn−3Ag−0.5Cu より僅かに上昇する程度で、伸びも若干下がる。しかし、高温(125℃)での伸び(31%)はSn−3Ag−0.5Cu(20%) より増しているので、高温でのクリープ変形に対応できる可能性がある。
(5)Sn−0.5Cu−5In:
Sn−Cu晶自体が変形性に富むことから、柔らかく伸びに優れるSn−Cu共晶系に5%Inを添加した組成である。Inを入れることで融点が下がり、伸びに優れ、強度の低いはんだである。これにより、クリープ特性に優れ、応力負担の少ないはんだを期待した組成である。
(6)Sn−1.5Ag−0.5Cu−5In:
(4)と(5)の中間組成で、Ag3Sn のネットワークが形成されていない状態で、5%Inを添加した系で、Inを入れることで融点は下がる。
(7)Sn−37Pb共晶(比較用):
パワーモジュールのセラミック絶縁基板とCuベース基板接続用として、過去に使用されてきたはんだである。
1)In;5%入れることで、Sn系はんだのクラック進展率は低下する。
2)Sn系はんだでも3%Ag入り((1))はんだのクラック進展率が、0%((2))、1.5%入り((3))より低下する。
3)従来のSn−37Pb共晶はSn系のはんだに比べ、クラック進展率が大幅に低下する。
1.In添加でクラック進展が低下する理由;
クラック進展の断面観察によると、感覚的ではあるが、InなしのSn系においてはクラックが同一平面上を直線的に進む傾向が強い(シャープな進展に見える)。即ち、クラックパス以外のはんだ部は、応力緩和が少ないことを意味すると思われる。Inを入れることで、Snマトリクス全域はInがくまなく固溶しているので、周辺の応力状態は、このマトリクスを介して隣接のマトリクスにも伝えられる。また、応力集中部でもミクロ的なクラック低減効果が期待される。
Sn晶にInが固溶することで現れる現象と考える。
2.In添加した系で、Agが十分に入った系が優れる理由;
Agが多い系はAg3Snの針状晶がネットワーク状に形成されるので、高温でも安定しているAg3Snが複合材の補強効果として存在している。この効果がクラック進展を阻止しているものと考える。この結果、(5)Sn−0.5Cu−5In、(6)Sn−1.5Ag−0.5Cu−5Inは、Ag添加量の多い(4)Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu−5Inよりクラック進展が速くなったと推定する。(6)1.5%Ag 入りは、(5)0%Ag入りよりも悪く、クラック進展率は最大である。即ち、Ag3Sn がネットワーク状にはならず、強度が上がっている分、クラック進展は柔らかい(5)0%Ag入りより高く現れたものと考える。
3.従来のSn−37Pb共晶がSn系のはんだに比べ、大幅に優れる理由:
低サイクル疲労試験では、Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu がSn−37Pb共晶より優れることは公知〔例えば苅谷;はんだ材料の非線形特性と熱疲労信頼性、エレクトロニクス実装学会、Vol.8 No.2(2005)〕とされている。しかし、パワーモジュールのセラミック絶縁基板とベース基板との接続部の温度サイクル試験では、何故、Sn−37Pb共晶はんだが寿命に優れるかを考察した。
37Pb共晶はんだより寿命が短くなるものと思われる。
3Ag−0.5Cu−5Inを選定した。
5Snの高温系はんだ7を用いた。AlN基板の電極8は、CuもしくはAl(Alの場合、はんだとのぬれ性確保のため表面にNiもしくはNi/Auめっきが施される)である。チップを高温系はんだ7で接続したAlN基板と、Cuベース基板2間に、本実施例組成のSn−3Ag−0.5Cu−5In 箔を搭載し、還元性雰囲気中で接続する。その後、Sn−3Ag−0.5Cuはんだ19をペースト等でAlN基板の電極上に供給し、部品,リード線18等をリフロー接続する。
17.5×10-6/℃)とAlN(α=4.3×10-6/℃)の間であること、更に、(ニ)高温での安定性(Tgが高い)に優れること等である。
Claims (3)
- ベース基板とセラミック絶縁基板及び半導体チップとがはんだで接続されてなる半導体パワーモジュールにおいて、
前記セラミック絶縁基板とベース基板とのはんだ付けに、Ag:2〜4.5mass%、Cu:0〜2.0mass%、In:3〜7mass%、残りがSnからなる鉛フリーはんだを用いたことを特徴とする半導体パワーモジュール。 - シリコーンゲルが充填され、かつ、前記セラミック絶縁基板とベース基板とのはんだ付け端部周囲、及びその周囲の前記セラミック絶縁基板周囲とその周囲のベース基板表面の一部を包むようにエポキシ系樹脂を部分被覆したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- シリコーンゲルが充填され、かつ、前記セラミック絶縁基板とベース基板とのはんだ付け端部周囲、及びその周囲の前記セラミック絶縁基板周囲とその周囲のデインプル溝加工が施されたベース基板表面の一部を包むようにエポキシ系樹脂を部分被覆したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
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US11/739,122 US8004075B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2007-04-24 | Semiconductor power module including epoxy resin coating |
DE102007019523A DE102007019523B4 (de) | 2006-04-25 | 2007-04-25 | Halbleiterleistungsmodul |
DE102007063793.6A DE102007063793B4 (de) | 2006-04-25 | 2007-04-25 | Halbleiterleistungsmodul |
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JP5852080B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-02-03 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
CN106415827B (zh) * | 2014-06-23 | 2019-03-08 | 富士电机株式会社 | 冷却器一体型半导体模块 |
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JP2001168519A (ja) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 混載実装構造体及び混載実装方法並びに電子機器 |
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JP2001168519A (ja) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 混載実装構造体及び混載実装方法並びに電子機器 |
JP2003124438A (ja) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-04-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
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