JP4589126B2 - 抗感染剤の生物学的有効性に影響を及ぼすためのクミン(cuminumcyminum)抽出物及びピペリンの使用 - Google Patents
抗感染剤の生物学的有効性に影響を及ぼすためのクミン(cuminumcyminum)抽出物及びピペリンの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
発明の主な目的は、抗感染剤の生物学的有効性を増加させるための生物学的増強剤を含む経口医薬組成物を提供することであり、それについて、かかる抗感染剤の標準用量での治療効果を維持しながら、より低用量、及び/又はより少ない回数での投与が求められている。
本発明では、ピペリン及び他の生物学的増強剤(bioenhancer)が、バクテリア、ウィルス及び酵母を用いたin vitroにおいて、並びにマウス及びモルモットの感染モデルを用いたin vivoにおいて、多様な抗感染剤と組合される時に増強剤(potentiator)として使用される場合の、1つの組合せについて取り扱う。本発明は従来技術の焦点とされる問題点を克服し、又は回避することを目的とする。本発明の製品の使用は、低用量療法を提供し、標準化された単独投与の治療効果に匹敵する増強した治療効果を生み出す。
生物学的有効性/生物学的利用能
当該発明者等の研究室で行われた研究では、’生物学的増強剤’の概念化をもたらした。かかる薬剤自体に治療実体はないが、活性薬剤と組合せた場合、当該活性薬剤の薬理学的効果の増強作用を導く。多くの薬剤のかかる製剤は、当該製剤中に存在する薬剤の量を減少させた場合でさえ、生物学的利用能/生物学的有効性が増加することが見出された。かかる薬剤の分類のために得られたエビデンスは、(a)生物学的利用能及び/又は有効性が低く、(b)延長した治療を要求し、並びに(c)高い毒性及び高価である、ということである。例えば、特許番号IP172690、IP176433及びUS5744161はかかる技術を開示する。本発明者等の研究室で実施された更なる研究では、かかる生物学的増強剤が多種多様な治療薬の生物学的利用能を増加させ得るだけではなく、後述する一連の(a)から(g)の多様なメカニズムを通して生物学的有効性を増強させることを更に可能にすることを示した。結果として、治療レベルを達成し損なう薬剤の細胞内濃度を減少させることに関与する要因についての新しい理解が浮上した。当該戦略では、標準化された高用量と比較して、活性薬剤のより低い濃度でさえ、生物学的利用能及び/又は生物学的有効性を増強させることを可能にする。それらの要因のいくつかは以下である:
本発明における'薬剤'とは、生物の病態生理学に影響を与えることができ、そして病気の治療又は予防のために使用される化学的構成要素を言う。薬剤は化合物の多くの分類を含むが、アミノグリコシド、ペニシリン系、セファロスポリン系及び他のβ-ラクタム剤、マクロライド系、糖ペプチド系、フルオロキノロン系、テトラサイクリン系、一次及び二次抗TB薬剤、抗らい病菌、抗ウィルス、ポリエン、トリアゾール、及びイミダゾール系、並びにピリミジン系、スルファメトキサゾールの組合せ等に限定されない。薬剤は、帯電性、非帯電性、親水性、疎水性、又は両イオン性物質から成る、プロドラッグ、活性体又は代謝体であってよく、単純拡散、輸送を仲介する担体(イオン及び/又は電位差によりチャネルを開閉させ、エネルギー要求に依存し、又は依存しない)により薬剤を侵入させる。
チェッカー盤法(The checkerboard method):
これはin vitroにおいて抗菌剤組合せを入手するために最も頻繁に使用される方法である。用語"チェッカー盤"とは検査される2つの薬剤を複数回希釈することにより、形成されるパターン(チューブ又はマイクロタイタープレートウェルのパターン)を言う(Eliopoulos GM、Moellering RC.Antimicrobila Combinations.In:Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine:USA:Williams & Wilkins)。本研究におけるチェッカー盤はカラムから成り、カラム中の個々のチューブ(又はウェル)は、x軸と列に沿って希釈された同量の標準化薬剤(抗バクテリア/抗真菌/抗TB/抗ウィルス)を含み、ここで個々のチューブ(又はウェル)は、y軸上で希釈された同量の生物学的増強剤を含む(図3)。結果として、チェッカー盤(1つのチューブ/ウェル又はプレートを表す)中の個々の正方形は、標準化薬剤と生物学的増強剤の特有な組合せを含んだ。本発明の研究において、標準化薬剤の濃度の範囲は64μg/mlから0.03μg/mlである一方、生物学的増強剤は500μg/mlから0.2μg/mlの範囲で検査された。このチェッカー盤技術は液体又は半液体(寒天)培地により実施することができる。
本方法において、寒天(Mueller Hinton agar、Middlebrook 7H10 agar)をオートクレーブし、そして50℃から55℃に冷却した。標準化薬剤と生物学的増強剤の組合せを寒天に付加した。個々の標準化薬剤と生物学的増強剤の2倍希釈剤を順次適当な溶媒中で調製した。寒天と薬剤の両方の所望される濃度を維持するために、並びに溶媒の影響を除外するために、寒天へ付加される溶媒の容積(標準化薬剤又は生物学的増強剤を含む)を小さく保った(即ち全容積の≦5%)。寒天プレートに注いだ後、乾燥させ、標準化イオンカラム(およそ104cfuスポット)を与えるためにデザインされた複製装置により、検査するバクテリアを寒天表面へ適用した。当該プレートを37℃で24時間(ヒト型結核菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)の場合、3週間)培養した。
上記の通りチェッカー盤は、マイクロタイタープレートフォーマット上の液体培地によっても実施した。本方法は抗バクテリア/抗真菌/抗ウィルス薬剤の生物学的増強剤との組合せを試験するために使用した。
以下の実施例は、いくつかの好適な態様を説明することを意図したものであるが、決して本発明の範囲を制限するように解釈されるものではない。当業者は本発明の部分として解釈され得る更なる製剤をデザインすることができる。
本明細書中に参考文献により組み入れた、インド特許1726891及び172690、並びに米国特許5439891及び米国出願No.60/306917/2001において特許が請求された方法により行われた。
1.Gutman LT. The use of TMP-SMX in children: a review of adverse reactions and indications. Pediatr Infect Dis 1984;3:349-57.
2.Bushby SRM. Synergy of trimethoprim and sulfonamides:History and current status. In:Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture, London: Butterworths.1977;64-81.
3.Olin BR, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, Facts and Comparisons, Inc.;1998:408b-409d.
4.Cockerill FR, Edson RS.TMP-SMX. Mayo Clin Proc 1991;66:1260-9.
Claims (16)
- 微生物により引き起こされる感染に対し、減量した、セファロスポリン系、アミノグリコシド系、糖ペプチド系、フルオロキノロン系、一次及び二次抗TB薬剤、並びにポリエン系、イミダゾール系、及びトリアゾール系から成る群から選ばれる抗真菌剤、から成る群から選ばれる抗感染剤の治療効果を増強するための組成物であって、該抗感染剤と、式2:
該化合物は、純粋な形態、又はクミン(Cuminum cyminum)由来の抽出物のHPLC精製によって得られた該化合物を含むフラクションの形態で使用され、
該増強剤(potentiator)は、場合により式1:
を含む、組成物。 - 前記抗感染剤の濃度が、かかる抗感染剤が増強剤(potentiator)なしで使用される場合の1/2から1/8である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 1つ以上の医薬的に許容される添加剤及び賦形剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記添加剤又は賦形剤が、タンパク質類、炭水化物類、糖、タルク、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、セルロース、炭酸カルシウム、スターチゼラチンペースト、及び/又は医薬的に許容される担体類、希釈剤類及び溶媒類を含む栄養物から成る群から選ばれる、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 経口投与形態にある、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記増強剤(potentiator)に対する抗感染剤の比率が、1:1から1:5の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記添加剤が前記組成物の抗感染剤特性に影響を及ぼさない、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 物理的混合技術を含んで成る、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の組成物の調製方法。
- 前記物理的混合技術が、透析、分子ふるい、及び膜から選ばれる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物中の増強剤(potentiator)の調製方法が、水、アルコール、水とアルコールとの組合せ、炭化水素類、ケトン類及びエーテル類の使用を含んで成る、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記抗感染剤の濃度が、かかる抗感染剤を増強剤(potentiator)なしで使用する場合の1/2から1/8である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、1つ以上の医薬的に許容される添加剤及び賦形剤を含んで成る、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記添加剤又は賦形剤が、タンパク質類、炭水化物類、糖、タルク、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、セルロース、炭酸カルシウム、スターチゼラチンペースト、及び/又は医薬的に許容される担体類、希釈剤類、及び溶媒類を含む栄養物から成る群から選ばれる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、経口投与形態にある、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物中の増強剤(potentiator)に対する抗感染剤の比率が、1:1から1:5の範囲にある、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記添加剤が、前記組成物の抗感染剤特性に影響を及ぼさない、請求項12に記載の方法。
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