JP4567220B2 - Liquid hydrogen cooling system for superconducting magnet - Google Patents

Liquid hydrogen cooling system for superconducting magnet Download PDF

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JP4567220B2
JP4567220B2 JP2001064165A JP2001064165A JP4567220B2 JP 4567220 B2 JP4567220 B2 JP 4567220B2 JP 2001064165 A JP2001064165 A JP 2001064165A JP 2001064165 A JP2001064165 A JP 2001064165A JP 4567220 B2 JP4567220 B2 JP 4567220B2
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liquid hydrogen
superconducting magnet
superconducting
cooling system
sections
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JP2002272060A (en
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一夫 澤田
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Railway Technical Research Institute
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【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、リニアモーターカーに搭載される超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の超電導磁石は、液体ヘリウムで冷却されている。
図５は従来の液体ヘリウム冷却超電導磁石の模式図である。
この図に示すように、超電導コイル１は２超電導コイルずつの２区画に区分されている。ここで、機械的損傷等により一方の区画の真空度が低下すると、そちらにあった液体ヘリウム３はもちろん、上部の液体ヘリウムタンク２に蓄えられていた大量の液体ヘリウム３も短時間に蒸発してしまう。この大量の液体ヘリウム３が蒸発すると一気に圧力が高まるため、液体ヘリウムタンク２に設けた安全弁（図示なし）が吹いてガス４は大気中に放出される。
【０００３】
一方、本願発明者は、既に、燃料電池と組み合わせる水素冷却超電導磁石を搭載するリニアモーターカーを提案している（特開２０００−９２６２７参照）。 図６は係る液体水素冷却超電導磁石を搭載するリニアモーターカーの概略システム構成図である。
この図において、１１は液体水素冷却超電導磁石、１２は個々の超電導コイル、１３は熱シールド板、１４は液体水素タンク、１５は蒸発した水素ガスを通し、熱シールド板１３に固定される水素冷却配管、１６は車両基地に設置される液体水素補充装置、１７は電磁バルブ、１８は蒸発した水素ガスを通す配管、１９はその配管１８に接続される水素貯蔵装置（水素吸着合金）、２０は前記配管１８と接続されて、水素ガスが供給され、直流電力を出力する燃料電池、２１はＤＣ／ＡＣ変換器、２２は電磁バルブの制御装置である。
【０００４】
係る液体水素冷却超電導磁石は、蒸発する水素を燃料電池により発電に供せるため、浮上式鉄道に用いた場合、車載冷凍機が不要となる、他に車上電源装置を搭載する必要がなくなる、など大きな利点がある。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、水素ガスが磁石から大量に大気中に放出されると爆発の恐れがあり、その水素ガスの大気との混合比がかなりの広い範囲で爆発を起こす危険性がある。
本発明は、上記問題点を除去し、万一水素ガスが磁石から大量に大気中に放出される恐れがある場合には、当該部位への液体水素供給を停止し、水素ガスの外部への発生を最小限にとどめ、安全度の向上を図り得る超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムを提供することを目的とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、
〔１〕超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、液体水素を導入する液体水素タンクと、この液体水素タンクに接続される複数の区画に分割された超電導磁石と、この複数の区画に分割された超電導磁石の各区画にそれぞれ接続されるバッファと、前記複数の区画の各区画に対応して配置される圧力センサーと、前記液体水素タンクからの液体水素圧が所定値に上昇した時に閉止する駆動装置付き閉止弁と、前記超電導磁石と前記バッファとの間に配置される安全弁と、前記圧力センサーからの情報を取り込み、前記駆動装置付き閉止弁を制御する制御装置とを具備することを特徴とする。
【０００７】
〔２〕上記〔１〕記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記安全弁を前記制御装置により制御することを特徴とする。
〔３〕上記〔１〕又は〔２〕記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記超電導磁石は、２超電導コイルをそれぞれ配置した２区画に分割することを特徴とする。
【０００８】
〔４〕上記〔１〕又は〔２〕記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記超電導磁石は、１超電導コイルをそれぞれ配置した両端の２区画と２超電導コイルを配置した中央の１区画に分割することを特徴とする。
〔５〕上記〔１〕又は〔２〕記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記超電導磁石は、１超電導コイルをそれぞれ配置した４区画に分割することを特徴とする。
【０００９】
〔６〕上記〔１〕又は〔２〕記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記バッファを共通に１個配置することを特徴とする。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明の第１実施例を示す超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムの模式図である。
この図において、３１は液体水素冷却超電導磁石、３２は液体水素タンク、３３は液体水素、３４は液体水素タンク３２と液体水素冷却超電導磁石３１を連通する通路３５に配置される液体水素圧が上昇した時に閉じる閉止弁、３６は液体水素冷却超電導磁石３１とバッファＢ１，Ｂ２とを連通する通路３７に配置される安全弁、３８は液体水素圧を検知する圧力センサー、３９はその圧力センサー３８の情報が取り込まれるとともに、各種の弁を駆動するように制御する制御装置、４０は閉止弁３４を駆動する駆動装置、４１は安全弁３６を駆動する駆動装置である。なお、当然、安全弁３６は駆動装置４１により駆動されることなく、異常圧力により応動するようにしてもよい。
【００１１】
このように、液体水素冷却超電導磁石３１を２以上の区画に分け、液体水素タンク３２から各区画には、液体水素タンク３２と液体水素冷却超電導磁石３１を連通する通路３５に配置された、液体水素圧が上昇した時に閉じる閉止弁３４を介して液体水素３３を供給する。そして、いずれかの区画の圧力が高まると、その区画に対応する圧力センサー３８が動作して制御装置３９により駆動装置４０が動作し閉止弁３４を閉じ、液体水素３３の供給を停止する。各区画は安全弁３６を介して外部のバッファＢ１とＢ２に接続されており、各区画が保持していた液体水素３３は真空度低下等により蒸発しても、外部に水素ガスＨ2 が放出されることなくバッファＢ１とＢ２に導かれる。
【００１２】
したがって、液体水素３３は外気に放出されることなく、その放出による爆発の恐れもない。
なお、実際は液体水素冷却超電導磁石３１部分より液体水素タンク３２の方が、冷媒（液体水素）の量は遙に多い。
図２は本発明の第２実施例を示す超電導磁石の概略配置の模式図である。なお、この図においては、水素ガスの排出機構については省略されている。
【００１３】
上記第１実施例では、超電導磁石を２区画に分けるようにしたが、この実施例では、左端に１超電導コイル５１、中央に２超電導コイル５２、右端に１超電導コイル５３の３区画に分けるようにしている。
このように構成することにより、比較的真空が破れやすい両端の超電導コイル数を減らして、安全な水素ガスＨ2 の排出を行うように構成することができる。
【００１４】
図３は本発明の第３実施例を示す超電導磁石の概略配置の模式図である。なお、この図においては、水素ガスの排出機構については省略されている。
この実施例では、この図に示すように、超電導磁石を各１超電導コイル６１〜６４として各１区画に分けるようにしている。
このように構成することにより、真空破壊の領域を極力小さく限定することにより、異常時の緊急的運行を行うことができる。
【００１５】
図４は本発明の第４実施例を示す超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムの模式図である。
上記第１実施例では、バッファＢ１，Ｂ２は左右に配置するようにしたが、この実施例では、回収管７１に接続されるバッファＢ０としてまとめて１個配置するように構成する。このように構成することにより、水素ガスＨ2 をまとめて回収することが容易になり、その水素ガスを回収して省エネルギー化を図ることができる。
【００１６】
なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づいて種々の変形が可能であり、それらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明によれば、液体水素冷却超電導磁石の真空度が低下しても液体水素の蒸発量は最小限に抑えられることになり、かつ蒸発した水素ガスはバッファに導入される。よって、水素ガスが大気中に放出される恐れがなくなるので、爆発の恐れはなくなり、液体水素冷却超電導磁石の安全性を大幅に向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の第１実施例を示す超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムの模式図である。
【図２】 本発明の第２実施例を示す超電導磁石の概略配置の模式図である。
【図３】 本発明の第３実施例を示す超電導磁石の概略配置の模式図である。
【図４】 本発明の第４実施例を示す超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムの模式図である。
【図５】 従来の液体ヘリウム冷却超電導磁石の模式図である。
【図６】 液体水素冷却超電導磁石を搭載するリニアモーターカーの概略システム構成図である。
【符号の説明】
３１ 液体水素冷却超電導磁石
３２ 液体水素タンク
３３ 液体水素
３４ 閉止弁
３５，３７ 通路
３６ 安全弁
３８ 圧力センサー
３９ 制御装置
４０ 閉止弁を駆動する駆動装置
４１ 安全弁を駆動する駆動装置
Ｂ０，Ｂ１，Ｂ２ バッファ
５１ 左端の１超電導コイル
５２ 中央の２超電導コイル
５３ 右端の１超電導コイル
６１〜６４ １超電導コイル
７１ 回収管[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet mounted on a linear motor car.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional superconducting magnets are cooled with liquid helium.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional liquid helium cooled superconducting magnet.
As shown in this figure, the superconducting coil 1 is divided into two sections each having two superconducting coils. Here, when the degree of vacuum in one section decreases due to mechanical damage or the like, not only the liquid helium 3 there, but also a large amount of liquid helium 3 stored in the upper liquid helium tank 2 evaporates in a short time. End up. When this large amount of liquid helium 3 evaporates, the pressure increases at a stroke, so that a safety valve (not shown) provided in the liquid helium tank 2 blows and the gas 4 is released into the atmosphere.
[0003]
On the other hand, the present inventor has already proposed a linear motor car on which a hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet combined with a fuel cell is mounted (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-92627). FIG. 6 is a schematic system configuration diagram of a linear motor car equipped with such a liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet.
In this figure, 11 is a liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet, 12 is an individual superconducting coil, 13 is a heat shield plate, 14 is a liquid hydrogen tank, 15 is a hydrogen cooler fixed to the heat shield plate 13 through the evaporated hydrogen gas. Piping, 16 is a liquid hydrogen replenishing device installed at a vehicle base, 17 is an electromagnetic valve, 18 is a piping for passing evaporated hydrogen gas, 19 is a hydrogen storage device (hydrogen adsorption alloy) connected to the piping 18, 20 is A fuel cell connected to the pipe 18 and supplied with hydrogen gas and outputs DC power, 21 is a DC / AC converter, and 22 is a control device for an electromagnetic valve.
[0004]
Such a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet can be used for power generation by the fuel cell by evaporating hydrogen, so when used in a floating railway, there is no need for an on-vehicle refrigerator, and there is no need to install an on-board power supply device. There are great advantages.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if a large amount of hydrogen gas is released from the magnet into the atmosphere, there is a risk of explosion, and there is a risk of explosion in a fairly wide range of the mixing ratio of the hydrogen gas to the atmosphere.
The present invention eliminates the above problems, and if there is a possibility that a large amount of hydrogen gas is released from the magnet into the atmosphere, the liquid hydrogen supply to the part is stopped and the hydrogen gas is discharged to the outside. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet capable of minimizing generation and improving safety.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] In a liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet, a liquid hydrogen tank for introducing liquid hydrogen, a superconducting magnet divided into a plurality of sections connected to the liquid hydrogen tank, and a superconducting divided into the plurality of sections A buffer connected to each section of the magnet, a pressure sensor arranged corresponding to each section of the plurality of sections, and a drive that closes when the liquid hydrogen pressure from the liquid hydrogen tank rises to a predetermined value And a safety valve disposed between the superconducting magnet and the buffer, and a control device that takes in information from the pressure sensor and controls the shut-off valve with the driving device. To do.
[0007]
[2] The superconducting magnet liquid hydrogen cooling system according to [1], wherein the safety valve is controlled by the control device.
[3] In the liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to [1] or [2], the superconducting magnet is divided into two sections each having two superconducting coils.
[0008]
[4] In the liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to [1] or [2] above, the superconducting magnet is divided into two sections at both ends each having one superconducting coil and one section at the center having two superconducting coils. It is characterized by dividing .
[5] In the liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to [1] or [2], the superconducting magnet is divided into four sections each having one superconducting coil.
[0009]
[6] The liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to [1] or [2] above, wherein one of the buffers is arranged in common.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a superconducting magnet liquid hydrogen cooling system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
In this figure, 31 is a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet, 32 is a liquid hydrogen tank, 33 is liquid hydrogen, 34 is a liquid hydrogen pressure disposed in a passage 35 connecting the liquid hydrogen tank 32 and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet 31. A shut-off valve that closes when the liquid hydrogen is cooled, 36 is a safety valve disposed in a passage 37 that connects the liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet 31 and the buffers B1 and B2, 38 is a pressure sensor that detects the liquid hydrogen pressure, and 39 is information on the pressure sensor 38. Is a control device that controls to drive various valves, 40 is a drive device that drives the closing valve 34, and 41 is a drive device that drives the safety valve 36. Of course, the safety valve 36 may be driven by the abnormal pressure without being driven by the driving device 41.
[0011]
In this way, the liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet 31 is divided into two or more sections, and the liquid hydrogen tank 32 is connected to each section by a passage 35 communicating with the liquid hydrogen tank 32 and the liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet 31. Liquid hydrogen 33 is supplied through a shut-off valve 34 that closes when the hydrogen pressure rises. When the pressure in any of the compartments increases, the pressure sensor 38 corresponding to that compartment operates, the control device 39 operates the drive device 40, closes the shut-off valve 34, and stops the supply of the liquid hydrogen 33. Each section is connected to external buffers B1 and B2 via safety valves 36, and even if the liquid hydrogen 33 held in each section evaporates due to a decrease in vacuum or the like, hydrogen gas H 2 is released to the outside. Without being led to the buffers B1 and B2.
[0012]
Therefore, the liquid hydrogen 33 is not released to the outside air, and there is no risk of explosion due to the release.
Actually, the liquid hydrogen tank 32 has much more refrigerant (liquid hydrogen) than the liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet 31.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a schematic arrangement of superconducting magnets showing a second embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the hydrogen gas discharge mechanism is omitted.
[0013]
In the first embodiment, the superconducting magnet is divided into two sections. However, in this embodiment, the superconducting magnet is divided into three sections: one superconducting coil 51 at the left end, two superconducting coils 52 at the center, and one superconducting coil 53 at the right end. I have to.
With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the number of superconducting coils at both ends, which are relatively easy to break the vacuum, and to safely discharge the hydrogen gas H 2 .
[0014]
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a schematic arrangement of superconducting magnets showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the hydrogen gas discharge mechanism is omitted.
In this embodiment, as shown in this figure, the superconducting magnet is divided into one section as each one superconducting coil 61-64.
By constituting in this way, the emergency operation at the time of abnormality can be performed by limiting the area of vacuum break as small as possible.
[0015]
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a superconducting magnet liquid hydrogen cooling system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
In the first embodiment, the buffer B1, B2 has been to arrange the left and right, in this example, configured to collectively arranged one as a buffer B0 is connected to the recovery pipe 71. By configuring in this way, it becomes easy to collect the hydrogen gas H 2 together, and the hydrogen gas can be collected to save energy.
[0016]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various deformation | transformation is possible based on the meaning of this invention, and they are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, even if the vacuum degree of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet is reduced, the amount of evaporation of liquid hydrogen can be minimized, and the evaporated hydrogen gas is buffered. To be introduced. Therefore, there is no risk of hydrogen gas being released into the atmosphere, so there is no risk of explosion, and the safety of the liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet can be greatly improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a superconducting magnet liquid hydrogen cooling system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a schematic arrangement of superconducting magnets showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a schematic arrangement of superconducting magnets showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional liquid helium cooled superconducting magnet.
FIG. 6 is a schematic system configuration diagram of a linear motor car equipped with a liquid hydrogen cooled superconducting magnet.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 31 Liquid hydrogen cooling superconducting magnet 32 Liquid hydrogen tank 33 Liquid hydrogen 34 Closing valve 35, 37 Passage 36 Safety valve 38 Pressure sensor 39 Control apparatus 40 Driving device which drives a closing valve 41 Driving device which drives a safety valve B0, B1, B2 Buffer 51 1 superconducting coil at the left end 52 2 superconducting coils at the center 53 1 superconducting coil at the right end 61-64 1 superconducting coil 71 recovery tube

Claims (6)

（ａ）液体水素を導入する液体水素タンクと、
（ｂ）該液体水素タンクに接続される複数の区画に分割された超電導磁石と、
（ｃ）該複数の区画に分割された超電導磁石の各区画にそれぞれ接続されるバッファと、
（ｄ）前記複数の区画の各区画に対応して配置される圧力センサーと、
（ｅ）前記液体水素タンクからの液体水素圧が所定値に上昇した時に閉止する駆動装置付き閉止弁と、
（ｆ）前記超電導磁石と前記バッファとの間に配置される安全弁と、
（ｇ）前記圧力センサーからの情報を取り込み、前記駆動装置付き閉止弁を制御する制御装置とを具備することを特徴とする超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システム。(A) a liquid hydrogen tank for introducing liquid hydrogen;
(B) a superconducting magnet divided into a plurality of sections connected to the liquid hydrogen tank;
(C) a buffer connected to each section of the superconducting magnet divided into the plurality of sections;
(D) a pressure sensor disposed corresponding to each of the plurality of sections;
(E) a shut-off valve with a driving device that closes when the liquid hydrogen pressure from the liquid hydrogen tank rises to a predetermined value;
(F) a safety valve disposed between the superconducting magnet and the buffer;
(G) A liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet, comprising a control device that takes in information from the pressure sensor and controls the shut-off valve with the driving device. 請求項１記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記安全弁を前記制御装置により制御することを特徴とする超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システム。  2. The liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to claim 1, wherein the safety valve is controlled by the control device. 請求項１又は２記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記超電導磁石は、２超電導コイルをそれぞれ配置した２区画に分割することを特徴とする超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システム。3. The liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet is divided into two sections each having two superconducting coils. 請求項１又は２記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記超電導磁石は、１超電導コイルをそれぞれ配置した両端の２区画と２超電導コイルを配置した中央の１区画に分割することを特徴とする超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システム。3. The liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the superconducting magnet is divided into two sections at both ends where one superconducting coil is respectively arranged and one central section where two superconducting coils are arranged. Superconducting magnet liquid hydrogen cooling system. 請求項１又は２記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記超電導磁石は、１超電導コイルをそれぞれ配置した４区画に分割することを特徴とする超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システム。3. The liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet is divided into four sections each having one superconducting coil. 請求項１又は２記載の超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システムにおいて、前記バッファを共通に１個配置することを特徴とする超電導磁石の液体水素冷却システム。  3. The liquid hydrogen cooling system for a superconducting magnet according to claim 1, wherein one buffer is arranged in common.
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