JP4549142B2 - engine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an extremely clean engine that can use a liquid such as water as a fuel.

Conventionally, an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine has been mainly used as an engine for generating mechanical power. Since these internal combustion engines is to primarily energy conversion into mechanical power by burning a fuel oil system, air pollution due to discharge of NO _X, and environmental pollution problems warming due emission of CO ₂ It has become.

Therefore, an internal combustion engine described in Patent Document 1 is disclosed as an engine that improves fuel efficiency by mixing water vapor with fuel. Moreover, the engine of the following patent document 2 is disclosed as an engine which carries out the steam explosion of water.
JP-A-5-133281 JP-A-11-148455

However, since the internal combustion engine described in Patent Document 1 basically burns gasoline fuel, the use of water vapor can be expected to improve fuel consumption. However, pollutant gases such as NO _X and CO ₂ can be expected. It remains the same. The engine described in Patent Document 2 uses sunlight as a heating means for evaporating water. However, sunlight as an energy source is easily affected by the weather and the climate and ensures stable operation. In addition to the problem that it is difficult to do so, the feasibility as an energy source for obtaining mechanical power by steam explosion of water remains a question.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an extremely clean engine capable of obtaining mechanical power using a liquid such as water as fuel with a relatively simple device.

In order to achieve the above object, an engine of the present invention has a cylinder and a piston having a space serving as an expansion chamber inside, a local heating means for performing local heating in the expansion chamber, and a local heating portion of the local heating means. A liquid supply nozzle for supplying the liquid and a drain portion for discharging the liquid from the expansion chamber, and the local heating means is a coil in which a high-frequency current is applied to a core member made of a highly permeable insulating material . wound, an end portion of the core member, is summarized in that a conductive local heating member is obtained by present.

Engine according to the present invention, the local heating means is a coil through which a high-frequency current is applied is wound on a core member made of an insulating material high permeability, the end of the core member, the electrically conductive local heating member Therefore, when a high-frequency current is applied to the coil, a magnetic field that passes through the center of the coil in the longitudinal direction is generated around the coil according to the right-handed screw law. The magnetic field passes through the highly permeable core member present at the center of the coil, and the magnetic flux is concentrated on the core member. And the magnetic field of the magnetic flux concentrated on the core member acts on the conductive local heating member that exists at the end of the core member, and a strong electromagnetic induction effect is generated to locally heat to a high temperature. At this time, since the core member is highly permeable, it is difficult to have magnetism repelling the induced current, so that energy efficiency is high and high-temperature local heating is realized.

Thus, by the liquid is supplied to the local heating member which is heated to a high temperature, the liquid in the expansion chamber to expand rapidly evaporate, to obtain the rotational power or the like of the piston is reciprocated it can. That is, when the piston in the vicinity of the expansion chamber is reduced most supplying liquid to local heating member at the time of the movement, the liquid evaporates and expansion is rapidly heated, the piston is pressed in a direction to expand the expansion chamber. When the piston in the vicinity again expansion chamber past the time when the expansion chamber is the most expanded is most shrink supplying liquid to local heating member at the time of the move, is evaporated and expansion is rapidly heated liquid, the expansion chamber The piston is pushed in the direction of expansion. By repeating this, the power of the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotation of the crank can be obtained. And the vapor | steam which generate | occur | produced by expanding rapidly is discharged | emitted from a drain part.
In addition, since the core member is formed of an insulating material having a high magnetic permeability and a conductive local heating member is present at the end of the core member, induction heating is performed because the core member is insulative. Therefore, the energy efficiency is high, and the magnetic flux concentrates on the conductive local heating member disposed at the end, so that extremely high temperature local heating is realized. Therefore, by performing local heating with extremely high energy efficiency, an engine with a simple apparatus and low running cost is obtained.

  By using water as the liquid to be supplied, it becomes possible to obtain power by supplying water alone, and there is no emission of pollutant gases when burning petroleum-based fuel. Obtainable. In addition, a highly energy-efficient local heating, in which a coil is wound around a highly permeable core member to heat the conductive member at the end of the core member, makes the engine simple and low in running cost. .

In the present invention, the ejection nozzle is provided with a piezoelectric element or a heating element that pressurizes an internal liquid in response to an electrical signal in a pressure chamber having a nozzle opening, and ejects the liquid in accordance with the electrical signal. in case of,
For example, water can be injected at an appropriate timing by inputting an electrical signal at an appropriate timing corresponding to the rotation speed and the piston position detected by the rotation detection device. In addition, for example, it is possible to control the amount of water sprayed in one shot by controlling the electric signal input according to the operation of the output adjusting means and adjusting the amount of bubble generation due to heating and the amount of deformation of the piezoelectric element. .
In the present invention, when it is configured to adjust the rotational speed by increasing / decreasing the amount of liquid ejected to one shot, provided with output adjusting means for adjusting the amount of liquid ejected to one shot from the ejection nozzle ,
Increase the amount of water injected in one shot, increase the pressure of water vapor that expands by vaporization, increase the engine speed, and conversely reduce the amount of water injected in one shot and vaporize The engine speed can be lowered by lowering the pressure of the expanding water vapor.

  Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of the engine of the present invention.

  This engine has a cylinder 2 and a piston 3 having a space serving as an expansion chamber 1 inside, a local heating device 4 that performs local heating in the expansion chamber 1, and a local heating unit 7 of the local heating device 4. An ejection nozzle (liquid supply nozzle) 5 for supplying liquid and a discharge path (drain portion) 6 for discharging the liquid from the expansion chamber 1 are provided.

  More specifically, the cylinder 2 includes a cylinder head 8 and a cylinder block 9. A piston 3 is slidably inserted into the cylinder block 9. A piston ring 10 is fitted on the outer periphery of the cylinder 2 so that the piston 3 slides in the cylinder 2 while the sliding contact portion with the cylinder block 9 is sealed. The piston 3 is connected to a crankshaft 19 (not shown, see FIG. 3) by a piston pin 11 and a piston rod 12.

  And the space used as the expansion chamber 1 is formed in the state in which the piston 3 was inserted in the cylinder 2. In this state, the cylinder 2 and the piston 3 are placed horizontally so that the reciprocating direction of the piston 3 is substantially horizontal.

  A local heating device 4 is attached to the cylinder head 8 so as to protrude into the expansion chamber 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the local heating device 4 is formed by winding a coil 14 to which a high frequency current is applied to a core member 13 formed of a highly permeable insulating material, and at both ends of the core member 13. The conductive member 7 serving as the local heating unit is arranged.

  The core member 13 is preferably formed from an insulating material having a high magnetic permeability. For example, soft ferrite materials such as Mn—Zn ferrite and Ni—Zn ferrite, which are oxide-based high magnetic permeability materials, are preferably used.

  A coil 14 to which a high frequency current is applied is wound around the core member 13. A high frequency power source 23 is connected to the coil 14. Further, in the vicinity of both end portions of the core member 13, conductive members 7 as local heating members are disposed. The conductive member 7 is fixed to the cylinder head 8 via a support member 15 formed of an insulating material such as insulating ceramics.

  With such a configuration, when a high frequency current is applied to the coil 14, a magnetic field that passes through the center of the coil 14 in the longitudinal direction is generated around the coil 14 in accordance with the right-handed screw law. (See FIG. 2) The magnetic field passes through the highly permeable core member 13 present at the center of the coil, and the magnetic flux concentrates on the core member 13. And the magnetic field of the magnetic flux concentrated on the core member 13 acts on the conductive member 7 present at the end of the core member 13, and a strong electromagnetic induction effect is generated, so that the conductive member 7 is locally heated to an extremely high temperature. Heated.

  At this time, since the core member 13 is highly permeable, it is difficult to have magnetism repelling the induced current, so that energy efficiency is high and high-temperature local heating is realized. Further, the core member 13 is formed of an insulating material having a high magnetic permeability, and the conductive member 7 is disposed at the end portion of the core member 13, so that the core member 13 is insulative, so that the core member 13 itself. Is not heated by induction, so that energy efficiency is high, and magnetic flux concentrates and acts on the conductive member 7 arranged at the end, so that extremely high temperature local heating is realized.

  The conductive member 7 is preferably a material that can withstand high temperatures, and a heat-resistant alloy, a conductive ceramic material, a carbon material, or the like can be used. A semiconductor such as SiC can also be used.

In the local heating device 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the core member 13 is formed from a highly permeable insulating material, and the conductive member 7 is disposed near the end of the core member 13. A conductive material having a high magnetic permeability can also be used as 13. For example, pure iron, silicon steel, permalloy, sendust, perminvar, isopalm, permendur, ferrite, etc. can be mentioned. In this case, a conductive member may be disposed at the end of the core member 13, or the end of the core member 13 itself may be extended and heated as a conductive portion.

  The cylinder head 8 is provided with an injection nozzle 5 for injecting water to the conductive member as the local heating unit. And by spraying water with respect to the locally heated conductive member, the sprayed water comes into contact with the local heating unit and instantly vaporizes, causing a steam explosion to expand. The piston 3 is reciprocated by the pressure at the time of expansion to obtain power.

  On the other hand, the cylinder block 9 is formed with a discharge path 6 for discharging the expanded water vapor injected from the injection nozzle 5. From this discharge path 6, water vapor that is vaporized from the jetted water and liquid water that is jetted and mist-like water floats and collects, or liquid water that is once vaporized is condensed is also discharged. Therefore, the discharge path 6 is provided so as to be positioned below the horizontally disposed piston 3 so that liquid water is smoothly discharged. In addition, a funnel-shaped inclined surface 17 is formed in the opening of the discharge path 6 on the inner side of the cylinder 2 so that liquid water can easily flow into the discharge path 6. The discharge path 6 is provided with a valve 16 for opening and closing the discharge path 6.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control system of the engine.

  The engine includes a rotation detection device 20 that detects the rotation of the crankshaft 19 in which the reciprocating motion of the piston 3 is converted into rotational motion via the crank 18. The rotation detection device functions as a rotation speed detection unit that detects the rotation speed per unit time of the crankshaft using a sensor such as a proximity sensor or an optical sensor. The rotation detection device 20 also functions as phase detection means for detecting the phase of the rotating crankshaft. That is, the rotation detection device 20 corresponds to the phase of the crankshaft 19 and serves as a piston position detection means for detecting the position between the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the reciprocating piston 3. Also works.

  In the following description, the position of the piston 3 where the expansion chamber 1 is most contracted is referred to as “top dead center”, and the position of the piston 3 where the expansion chamber 1 is expanded is referred to as “bottom dead center”. Therefore, although the actual reciprocation of the piston is substantially horizontal, for convenience of explanation, the movement of the piston 3 moving toward the top dead center is referred to as “rising”, and on the contrary, the piston 3 moves toward the bottom dead center. The moving movement is called “down”.

  In addition, the engine includes an injection control device 22 that injects water from the injection nozzle 5 at a predetermined timing in accordance with the rotation speed detected by the rotation detection device 20 and the piston position. Specifically, the timing of injecting the water by the injection control device 22 is the timing at which the piston 3 ascends, reaches the top dead center, passes through the top dead center, and starts to descend as shown in FIG. It is. By injecting water from the injection nozzle 5 to the local heating unit 7 at this timing, the water instantly vaporizes and expands.

  The engine also includes output adjusting means 24 that adjusts the amount of water to be injected from the injection nozzle 5 at a predetermined timing. By operating the output adjusting means 24, the injection control device 22 controls the amount of water injected from the injection nozzle 5 to one shot.

  Here, as the injection nozzle 5, one that ejects water in accordance with an electrical signal can be suitably used. Specifically, the injection nozzle 5 provided with a piezoelectric element 28 that pressurizes internal water in response to an electric signal in a pressure chamber 27 provided with a nozzle opening 26 can be used. In the figure, 31 is a supply path for supplying water to the pressure chamber 27, 30 is a filter having a large number of small holes 29 for filtering dust, and the flow path resistance so that a predetermined pressure is generated in the pressure chamber 27. It also functions as an orifice for imparting. In the injection nozzle 5, the piezoelectric element 28 is deformed in response to the electric signal, the inside of the pressure chamber 27 is pressurized by the deformation of the piezoelectric element 28, and the water in the pressure chamber 27 is ejected from the nozzle opening 26.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), a spray nozzle provided with a heating element 32 for generating bubbles by instantaneously boiling water inside the pressure chamber 27 provided with a nozzle opening 26 in response to an electric signal. 5 can be used. In this injection nozzle 5, the water inside the pressure chamber 27 is instantly boiled in response to the electrical signal to generate bubbles, the inside of the pressure chamber 27 is pressurized with bubbles, and the water in the pressure chamber 27 is discharged from the nozzle opening 26. It sprays. 5A and 5B do not show a signal cable for applying an electrical signal to the piezoelectric element 28 and the heating element 32.

  According to these injection nozzles 5, water can be injected at an appropriate timing by inputting an electric signal at an appropriate timing corresponding to the rotation speed and the piston position detected by the rotation detection device 20. In addition, it is possible to control the injection amount of water to be injected in one shot by controlling the electric signal input in accordance with the operation of the output adjusting means 24 and adjusting the amount of bubbles generated by heating and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric element.

  In addition, the engine includes a valve control device 21 that opens and closes the valve 16 of the discharge passage 6 at a predetermined timing in accordance with the rotation speed detected by the rotation detection device 20 and the piston position. Specifically, the timing of opening and closing the valve 16 by the valve control device 21 is, as shown in FIG. 4, closed when the piston 3 rises and reaches top dead center, and the piston 3 descends. This is the timing when the valve opens when the bottom dead center is reached.

  The engine having such a configuration operates, for example, as follows.

  A state in which the piston 3 moves up in the cylinder 2 and reaches the top dead center will be described as an initial state. In this initial state, the piston 3 ascends and reaches top dead center, and the valve 16 of the discharge path 6 is closed (see FIG. 4). A high-frequency current is applied to the coil 14 of the local heating device 4 in advance to heat the local heating unit 7, and from the initial state, as shown in FIG. Water is injected from 5.

  When water is injected from the injection nozzle 5 to the local heating unit 7 at the time when the piston moves to a position near the top dead center where the expansion chamber 1 is reduced most, as shown in FIG. The jetted water is instantly vaporized and expands in the sealed expansion chamber 1, and the piston 3 is pushed down in the direction in which the expansion chamber 1 expands (expansion step).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), when the piston 3 reaches bottom dead center, the valve 16 of the discharge passage 6 is opened, the crankshaft 19 is rotated by the inertial force, and the expansion chamber 1 is the most. When the piston 3 starts to rise again after the enlarged bottom dead center, as shown in FIG. 6D, the water vapor filled in the expansion chamber 1 is pushed by the piston 3 and discharged from the discharge passage 6 ( Exhaust process). At this time, not only the water vapor ejected from the discharge path 6 is vaporized, but also liquid water which is ejected from the ejection nozzle 5 and floats and collects in a mist state or once vaporized water vapor is cooled and condensed. Are also discharged.

  Next, the valve 16 of the discharge path 6 is closed at the timing when the piston 3 moves to the top dead center where the expansion chamber 1 is contracted most again, and the expansion chamber 1 is sealed. Then, when water is injected from the injection nozzle 5 to the local heating unit 7 when the piston moves slightly past the top dead center, the injected water is instantly vaporized in the sealed expansion chamber 1. The piston 3 is expanded and the piston 3 is pushed down in the direction in which the expansion chamber 1 expands (expansion step). By repeating this, the power of the reciprocating motion of the piston 3 and the rotation of the crankshaft 19 can be obtained.

  The rotational speed can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the spray nozzle 5 to one shot by operating the output adjusting means 24. That is, if the amount of water injected in one shot is increased, the pressure of water vapor that is vaporized and expanded increases, and therefore the engine speed increases. On the other hand, if the amount of water sprayed in one shot is reduced, the pressure of the vapor that expands by vaporization is lowered, so that the engine speed is lowered.

  In this way, by using water as the liquid to be supplied, it becomes possible to obtain power only by supplying water, and there is no emission of pollutant gases when burning petroleum fuel, making it extremely clean. Power can be obtained. Further, by performing local heating with extremely high energy efficiency by winding the coil 14 around the highly permeable core member 13 and heating the conductive member 7 at the end of the core member 13, a simple apparatus and low running cost are achieved. It will be an engine that can get power.

  In the above embodiment, the local heating device 4 has the conductive member 7 as the local heating unit disposed at both ends of the core member 13, but the conductive member 7 as the local heating unit is provided only at one end of the core member 13. You may arrange. By doing in this way, the energy efficiency of local heating becomes high and power can be obtained more efficiently. In the above embodiment, the case of a so-called single cylinder type has been described as an example. However, a plurality of similar cylinders may be arranged in parallel to form a multi-type of two or more cylinders.

  The present invention can be used not only as an engine for vehicles such as automobiles but also as an engine for various fields such as motor boats, ships, agricultural machines, and railway vehicles.

It is a block diagram which shows the engine of this invention. It is a figure which shows a local heating apparatus. It is a figure which shows the control system of the said engine. It is a figure which shows the control state of the said engine. It is a figure explaining the structure of an injection nozzle. It is a figure explaining operation | movement of the said engine.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Expansion chamber 2 Cylinder 3 Piston 4 Local heating apparatus 5 Injection nozzle 6 Discharge path 7 Local heating part, electroconductive member 8 Cylinder head 9 Cylinder block 10 Piston ring 11 Piston pin 12 Piston rod 13 Core member 14 Coil 15 Support member 16 Valve DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 17 Inclined surface 18 Crank 19 Crankshaft 20 Rotation detection apparatus 21 Valve control apparatus 22 Injection control apparatus 23 High frequency power supply 24 Output adjustment means 26 Nozzle opening 27 Pressure chamber 28 Piezoelectric element 29 Small hole 30 Filter 31 Supply path 32 Heating element

Claims (3)

A cylinder and a piston having a space serving as an expansion chamber inside, a local heating means for performing local heating in the expansion chamber, a liquid supply nozzle for supplying a liquid to the local heating portion of the local heating means, and the expansion chamber A drain portion for discharging liquid from
It said local heating means, a coil through which a high-frequency current is applied is wound on a core member made of an insulating material high permeability, the end of the core member, in which a conductive local heating member was present An engine characterized by being. 2. The jet nozzle is provided with a piezoelectric element or a heating element that pressurizes an internal liquid in response to an electrical signal in a pressure chamber having a nozzle opening, and jets the liquid in accordance with the electrical signal. Engine. The output adjustment means for adjusting the amount of liquid ejected from a spray nozzle to one shot is provided, and the rotational speed is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of liquid ejected to one shot. engine.

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