JP6339731B1 - Reciprocating steam engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently heat and vaporize a working fluid. A reciprocating steam engine is a reciprocating steam engine that reciprocates a piston by expanding and contracting an expansion chamber of a cylinder. A first heating unit that heats the working fluid before being jetted in the jetting unit, and the expansion chamber expands as the working fluid jetted into the expansion chamber vaporizes and expands in volume. It is characterized by that. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a reciprocating steam engine that reciprocates a piston by evaporating a working fluid such as water in a cylinder.

  Conventionally, not only internal combustion engines such as gasoline engines and diesel engines but also external combustion engines such as steam turbines, the heat source depends on fossil fuels. It is desirable to reduce the use of fossil fuels in consideration of protection of earth resources and air pollution due to exhaust.

  For this reason, instead of burning the fossil fuel in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and utilizing the volume expansion energy, various inventions that vaporize the working fluid such as water and utilize the volume expansion energy in the cylinder. Has been proposed.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, an output tube that supplies water to an injector that injects water into an expansion chamber of a cylinder is heated by a heating coil or an element, and a heater such as a glow plug is provided in the expansion chamber. This is disclosed.

JP 2005-509774 A

  Even when a working fluid such as water is used instead of fossil fuel as in Patent Document 1 described above, it is necessary to heat the working fluid to vaporize it. Will require energy based. Therefore, when vaporizing a working fluid such as water and utilizing its volume expansion energy, an important issue is how to efficiently heat and vaporize the working fluid.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a condition, and it aims at enabling it to heat and evaporate a working fluid efficiently.

  The present application includes a plurality of means for solving at least a part of the above-described problems. Examples of such means are as follows. In order to solve the above problem, a reciprocating steam engine according to an aspect of the present invention is a reciprocating steam engine in which a piston reciprocates by expanding and contracting an expansion chamber of a cylinder. And a first heating unit that heats the working fluid before being injected into the expansion chamber in the injection unit, and the working fluid injected into the expansion chamber is vaporized to have a volume. The expansion chamber is expanded by expanding.

  The reciprocating steam engine according to another aspect of the present invention may include a second heating unit that heats the working fluid injected into the expansion chamber in the expansion chamber.

  The reciprocating steam engine according to still another aspect of the present invention may include a high pressure unit that increases the pressure of the working fluid and supplies the working fluid to the injection unit.

  The reciprocating steam engine according to still another aspect of the present invention may include a negative pressure section that makes the expansion chamber have a negative pressure when the expansion chamber of the cylinder contracts.

  The negative pressure part can make the expansion chamber have a negative pressure by sucking the gas in the expansion chamber with a vacuum pump.

  The reciprocating steam engine according to still another aspect of the present invention may have a plurality of cylinders, and the negative pressure portion is connected to the first cylinder in a state of being connected to the expansion chamber of the first cylinder. By expanding the expansion chambers of the different second cylinders, the expansion chamber of the first cylinder can be set to a negative pressure.

  The negative pressure part can make the expansion chamber into a negative pressure using exhaust from the cylinder.

  A reciprocating steam engine according to still another aspect of the present invention may include a power generation unit that generates power using exhaust from the cylinder.

  The reciprocating steam engine according to still another aspect of the present invention can include a third heating unit that heats the working fluid using exhaust from the cylinder.

  The working fluid may be water, air, carbon dioxide, ammonia, alcohol, pentane, or alternative chlorofluorocarbon.

  According to the present invention, the working fluid can be efficiently heated and vaporized. Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

It is the 1st phase diagram of water which is an example of a working fluid. It is the 2nd phase diagram of water which is an example of a working fluid. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a reciprocating steam engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the detailed structural example of an injection part. It is a figure which shows the example of 2 stroke operation | movement by the reciprocating type steam engine of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the multicylinder reciprocating steam engine which is 2nd Embodiment concerning this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example at the time of using a multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine as 4 cylinders. It is a figure which shows the example of 4 stroke operation | movement by the 4 cylinder reciprocating type steam engine of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the double acting type reciprocating steam engine which is the 3rd Embodiment concerning this invention.

  Hereinafter, a plurality of embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiments, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted. Further, in the following embodiments, the constituent elements (including element steps) are not necessarily indispensable unless otherwise specified and clearly considered essential in principle. Needless to say. In addition, when referring to “consisting of A”, “consisting of A”, “having A”, and “including A”, other elements are excluded unless specifically indicated that only that element is included. It goes without saying that it is not what you do. Similarly, in the following embodiments, when referring to the shapes, positional relationships, etc. of the components, etc., the shapes are substantially the same unless otherwise specified, or otherwise apparent in principle. And the like are included.

  First, characteristics of water that is an example of a working fluid will be described. The working fluid used in each embodiment according to the present invention is not limited to water, and is flammable, non-flammable liquid, gas, etc., such as air, carbon dioxide, ammonia, alcohol, pentane, or alternative chlorofluorocarbon. Also good. In selecting a working fluid, a substance with low evaporation heat is more efficient, but the influence of exhaust on the global environment and human health should also be considered.

  FIG. 1 shows a first phase diagram of water, which is an example of a working fluid. The first phase diagram shows the relationship between temperature, pressure, and water phase (solid phase (solid), liquid phase (liquid), or gas phase (gas)), and the horizontal axis is temperature (° C.). The vertical axis indicates the pressure (atm).

  FIG. 2 shows a second phase diagram of water, which is an example of a working fluid. The second phase diagram shows the relationship between the amount of heat (enthalpy), the temperature and the phase of water, the horizontal axis shows the amount of heat (KJ / Kg), and the vertical axis shows the temperature (° C.).

  Generally, water is vaporized at 100 ° C. (transition from a liquid phase to a gas phase). However, strictly speaking, as shown in FIG. 1, the water vaporizes at 100 ° C. when the pressure is 1.0 atm or less, and when the pressure is higher than 1.0 atm, the water reaches 100 ° C. Does not evaporate even when heated (does not transition from liquid phase to gas phase). On the contrary, when the pressure is 1.0 atm or less, the water is vaporized even at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less.

  Therefore, when water is vaporized, it can be said that vaporization can be facilitated by lowering the pressure.

  In general, it is known that latent heat is required to change the phase of a substance, and in particular, the latent heat of water is large. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a latent heat of 2258 KJ / Kg is required to make water transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase.

  Therefore, when water is vaporized, it is necessary to give a heat amount that exceeds the latent heat, and it can be said that vaporization can be facilitated if a sufficient heat amount that exceeds the latent heat is given.

  Therefore, each embodiment according to the present invention described below has a configuration capable of reducing the pressure and providing a sufficient amount of heat when water as the working fluid is vaporized.

  Hereinafter, each embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail.

<Configuration Example of Reciprocating Steam Engine that is the First Embodiment of the Present Invention>
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the reciprocating steam engine 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the working fluid 30 that has transitioned to the liquid phase is referred to as a liquid-phase working fluid 30L, and the working fluid 30 that has transitioned to a gas phase is referred to as a gas-phase working fluid 30G. In the figure, the solid line indicates the path of the liquid phase working fluid 30L, the broken line indicates the path of the gas phase working fluid 30G, and the two-dot chain line indicates the path of the control signal.

  A reciprocating steam engine 10 includes a tank 11, a first filter 12, a high-pressure pump 13, a high-pressure tank (corresponding to a high-pressure part of the present invention) 14, an injection unit 18, a cylinder 19, and a vacuum pump (negative-pressure part of the present invention). 25), a power generation unit 27, and a control unit 28.

  The tank 11 holds the liquid phase working fluid 30L. Further, the tank 11 changes the gas phase working fluid 30G discharged from the cylinder 19 returned via the power generation unit 27 and the third heating unit 17 to the liquid phase working fluid 30L and holds it. The first filter 12 excludes impurities from the liquid-phase working fluid 30 </ b> L pumped from the tank 11. The high pressure pump 13 pumps up the liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L held in the tank 11 through the first filter 12 and supplies it to the high pressure tank 14.

  The high pressure tank 14 adjusts the pressure in the tank to a high pressure in accordance with control from the control unit 28, and supplies the liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L supplied from the high pressure pump 13 to the injection unit 18. The high-pressure tank 14 has a safety valve 15 that releases the pressure when the pressure in the tank rises above a threshold value, and a pressure sensor 16 that detects the pressure in the tank.

  Further, the high-pressure tank 14 includes a third heating unit 17 that heats the liquid-phase working fluid 30L in the tank using the heat amount of the gas-phase working fluid 30G that is exhaust from the cylinder 19. Note that the vapor phase working fluid 30 </ b> G deprived of heat by the third heating unit 17 is returned to the tank 11.

  Due to the configuration of the high-pressure tank 14 described above, the injection unit 18 is supplied with a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30L.

  One end of the injection unit 18 is inserted into the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder 19, and further heats the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30 </ b> L supplied from the high-pressure tank 14, while expanding the expansion chamber 22 as fine mist-like particles. To spray. A detailed configuration example of the injection unit 18 will be described later with reference to FIG.

  The cylinder 19 has an expansion chamber 22 and a piston 20. The piston 20 is connected to a crankshaft (not shown) via a connecting rod 21. The piston 20 is pushed down to the bottom dead center when the high-temperature and high-pressure mist-like liquid-phase working fluid 30L injected into the expansion chamber 22 transitions to the gas-phase working fluid 30G and expands its volume. The piston 20 is pushed up from the bottom dead center to the top dead center by the inertial force of the crankshaft. As a result, the piston 20 reciprocates in the cylinder 19.

  The expansion chamber 22 is provided with a second heating unit 23, a vacuum valve 24, and an exhaust valve 26. The second heating unit 23 further heats the mist-like liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L at high temperature and high pressure injected from the injection unit 18 into the expansion chamber 22. By this heating, the mist-like liquid phase working fluid 30L injected into the expansion chamber 22 is further heated to vaporize, that is, transitions to the gas phase working fluid 30G and expands its volume.

  The vacuum valve 24 is opened when the piston 20 reaches top dead center. As a result, the expansion chamber 22 and the vacuum pump 25 are connected to each other, and the expansion chamber 22 before the liquid phase working fluid 30L is injected is set to a negative pressure. When the expansion chamber 22 is set to a negative pressure, the injection unit 18 The liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L is injected into the expansion chamber 22. Further, the vacuum valve 24 is closed before the liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L is ejected from the ejection unit 18 to the expansion chamber 22.

  Thereby, since the expansion chamber 22 before the liquid phase working fluid 30L is jetted is set to a negative pressure, the mist-like liquid phase working fluid 30L can be diffused throughout the expansion chamber 22 at a high temperature and high pressure. it can. Further, since the pressure of the sprayed mist-like liquid phase working fluid 30L can be reduced, the liquid phase working fluid 30L is made a gas phase working fluid at a lower temperature than when the expansion chamber 22 is not set to a negative pressure. Transition to 30G is possible. In other words, the liquid phase working fluid 30L can be easily changed by the gas phase working fluid 30G.

  The exhaust valve 26 is opened while the piston 20 is pushed up from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. As a result, the gas phase working fluid 30 </ b> G accumulated in the expansion chamber 22 is exhausted to the power generation unit 27.

  The power generation unit 27 generates power by rotationally driving the turbine using the gas phase working fluid 30G exhausted from the exhaust valve 26. The electric power generated by the power generation unit 27 is used to drive the high pressure pump 13, the high pressure tank 14, the injection unit 18, the vacuum pump 25, the first heating unit 35 (FIG. 4), the second heating unit 23, and the like, for example. Can do. The gas-phase working fluid 30 </ b> G that has passed through the power generation unit 27 is supplied to the third heating unit 17.

  Note that the gas-phase working fluid 30G exhausted from the expansion chamber 22 through the exhaust valve 26 may be used for driving other than the power generation unit 27 described above. For example, instead of the vacuum pump 25, the exhaust gas phase working fluid 30G may be used to rotationally drive the turbine so that the expansion chamber 22 is sucked through the vacuum valve 24 to be negative pressure. .

  The control unit 28 controls the pressure of the high-pressure tank 14 based on the detection result of the pressure sensor 16. Further, the control unit 28 controls the heating and injection timing of the liquid phase working fluid 30L by the injection unit 18. Further, the control unit 28 controls the opening / closing timing of the vacuum valve 24 and the exhaust valve 26. The opening / closing timing of the vacuum valve 24 and the exhaust valve 26 is mechanically controlled using a camshaft, a cam, a rocker arm, etc. (all not shown) instead of being electronically controlled using the controller 28. You may make it control.

  Next, FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the injection unit 18. The injection unit 18 includes a second filter 31, a valve spring 32, a solenoid 33, a plunger 34, a first heating unit 35, a heat insulating material 36, a nozzle 37, and a connector 39.

  The second filter 31 excludes impurities contained in the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid phase working fluid 30L supplied from the high-pressure tank 14. The liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L that has passed through the second filter 31 is supplied to the nozzle 37. The valve spring 32 presses the other end of the plunger 34 so that one end of the plunger 34 closes the injection hole 38 formed in the nozzle 37.

  The solenoid 33 is excited in accordance with control from the control unit 28 to move the plunger 34 pressed against the injection hole 38 of the nozzle 37 by the valve spring 32 in a direction away from the injection hole 38. The plunger 34 reciprocates in the injection unit 18 by the elastic force of the valve spring 32 and the excitation of the solenoid 33, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L supplied to the nozzle 37 is fogged from the injection hole 38. Inject into a shape.

  The first heating unit 35 further heats the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30 </ b> L supplied to the nozzle 37 in accordance with the control from the control unit 28. The heat insulating material 36 is disposed in the injection unit 18 so as to surround the first heating unit 35 and the nozzle 37. The connector 39 connects the control unit 28 and the injection unit 18 via a control line.

  In the injection unit 18, the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30 </ b> L supplied from the high-pressure tank 14 is supplied to the nozzle 37 via the second filter 31. Then, in accordance with the control from the control unit 28, the first heating unit 35 excites the plunger while the solenoid 33 is excited while further heating the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid phase working fluid 30L supplied to the nozzle 37. 34 is moved away from the injection hole 38. Thereby, the further heated mist-like liquid phase working fluid 30 </ b> L is ejected from the ejection hole 38 into the expansion chamber 22.

<Operation of Reciprocating Steam Engine 10>
Next, a two-stroke operation that is an example of an operation performed by the reciprocating steam engine 10 will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a two-stroke operation by the reciprocating steam engine 10.

  The two-stroke operation by the reciprocating steam engine 10 is a negative pressure process shown in (A) of the same figure, an injection process shown in (B) of the same figure, with a period of two strokes (one reciprocation) of the piston 20 as one cycle. The process consists of four processes performed in the order of the expansion process shown in FIG. 6C and the exhaust process shown in FIG.

  In the negative pressure process, when the piston 20 reaches top dead center, the exhaust valve 26 is closed, the vacuum valve 24 is opened, and the expansion chamber 22 is sucked into the negative pressure by the vacuum pump 25. Next, in the injection process, with the vacuum valve 24 and the exhaust valve 26 closed, a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30L is injected into the expansion chamber 22 from the injection unit 18 in the form of a mist.

  Next, in the expansion process, the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30L injected into the expansion chamber 22 is further heated by the second heating unit 23 to transition to the gas-phase working fluid 30G, and its volume expands to expand the piston 20. Press down to the bottom dead center. Next, in the exhaust process, the exhaust valve 26 is opened in accordance with the movement of the piston 20 that rises due to the inertial force, and the gas phase working fluid 30G in the expansion chamber 22 is exhausted to the power generation unit 27. Thus, one cycle of the two-stroke operation of the reciprocating steam engine 10 is completed.

  According to the two-stroke operation of the reciprocating steam engine 10 described above, the fossil fuel is not burned and consumed, the working fluid is efficiently heated and vaporized, and the piston 20 can be reciprocated. Therefore, it is possible to realize a clean reciprocating steam engine that does not generate air pollution or the like.

  As the operation of the reciprocating steam engine 10, in addition to the above-described two-stroke operation, it is also possible to execute a four-stroke operation in which a period during which the piston 20 performs four strokes (two reciprocations) is one cycle.

<Configuration example of multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine according to the second embodiment of the present invention>
Next, FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Among the constituent elements of the multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50, the same constituent elements as those of the reciprocating steam engine 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  The multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 has a plurality of cylinders 19, but only one cylinder 19 is shown in FIG. 6. The multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 includes a tank 11, a first filter 12, a high-pressure tank 14, a control unit 28, a power generation unit 27, and the like, similar to the reciprocating steam engine 10 shown in FIG. However, those illustrations are omitted in FIG.

  The multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 is obtained by removing the vacuum valve 24 and the vacuum pump 25 from the reciprocating steam engine 10 and adding connecting valves 51 and 52 to each cylinder 19.

  The connection valves 51 and 52 open and close according to control from the control unit 28, for example. The opening / closing timing of the coupling valves 51 and 52 is mechanically controlled using a camshaft, a cam, a rocker arm, etc. (all not shown) instead of electronically controlling using the control unit 28. It may be.

  The connection valves 51 and 52 connect the expansion chambers 22 of a plurality of cylinders 19 constituting the multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 to each other by opening and closing at different predetermined timings (details will be described later).

  FIG. 7 shows a configuration example when the multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 is a four-cylinder having four cylinders 19. The number of cylinders of the multi-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 is arbitrary and is not limited to four.

  Hereinafter, the configuration example shown in FIG. 7 is also referred to as a four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50. The four cylinders 19 constituting the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 are referred to as cylinders # 1 to # 4, and the connection valves 51 and 52 of the cylinder # 1 are referred to as connection valves 511 and 521. The same applies to the connecting valves 51 and 52 of the cylinders # 2 to # 4.

  In the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50, the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1 is connected to the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 4 by opening the connection valve 511 and the connection valve 524. The expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1 is connected to the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 2 by opening the connection valve 521 and the connection valve 512.

  The expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 2 is connected to the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 3 by opening the connection valve 522 and the connection valve 513. The expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 3 is connected to the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 4 by opening the connection valve 523 and the connection valve 514.

<Operation of 4-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50>
Next, a 4-stroke operation, which is an example of an operation performed by the 4-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50, will be described. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a four-stroke operation by the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50.

  The four-stroke operation by the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 is performed in the order of expansion + suction process, contraction + negative pressure process, injection + expansion process, and exhaust process in one cycle of the period in which the piston 20 is four strokes (two reciprocations). It consists of four processes.

  8A shows a state in which cylinder # 1 performs an expansion + suction process, cylinder # 2 performs an exhaust process, cylinder # 3 performs an injection + expansion process, and cylinder # 4 performs a contraction + negative pressure process. Yes. FIG. 8B shows a state in which cylinder # 1 performs a contraction + negative pressure process, cylinder # 2 performs an expansion + suction process, cylinder # 3 performs an exhaust process, and cylinder # 4 performs an injection + expansion process. FIG. 8C shows a state in which cylinder # 1 performs an injection + expansion process, cylinder # 2 performs a contraction + negative pressure process, cylinder # 3 performs an expansion + suction process, and cylinder # 4 performs an exhaust process. FIG. 8D shows a state where cylinder # 1 performs an exhaust process, cylinder # 2 performs an injection + expansion process, cylinder # 3 performs a contraction + negative pressure process, and cylinder # 4 performs an expansion + suction process.

  One cycle of 4-stroke operation by the 4-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 proceeds in the order of (A), (B), (C), and (D) in FIG. Hereinafter, the description will be given focusing on the cylinder # 1 of the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50.

  First, as shown in FIG. 8A, as the expansion and suction process of the cylinder # 1, the connection valve 511 is opened, the connection valve 521 and the exhaust valve 26 are closed, and the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1 In a state where the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 4 is connected, the piston 20 is lowered to the bottom dead center by the inertial force. Thereby, since the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1 is expanded, the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 4 is sucked and becomes a negative pressure.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8B, as the contraction + negative pressure process of the cylinder # 1, the connection valve 511 and the exhaust valve 26 are closed, the connection valve 521 is opened, and the expansion chamber of the open cylinder # 1 is opened. In a state where the cylinder 22 and the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 2 are connected, the piston 20 is raised to the top dead center by the inertial force. As a result, the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1 is contracted. Further, the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1 is sucked by the expansion of the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 2 and becomes negative pressure.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8C, as the injection + expansion process of the cylinder # 1, the connection valves 511, 521 and the exhaust valve 26 are closed, and the injection unit 18 enters the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1. A high-temperature and high-pressure mist-like liquid phase working fluid 30L is jetted. The jetted liquid phase working fluid 30L is further heated by the second heating unit 23 of the expansion chamber 22, thereby expanding its volume and transitioning to the gas phase working fluid 30G. Thereby, the expansion chamber 22 is expanded and the piston 20 is pushed down to the bottom dead center.

  Finally, as shown in FIG. 8D, as the exhaust process of cylinder # 1, the connection valves 511 and 521 are closed, the exhaust valve 26 is opened, and the piston 20 is raised to the top dead center by the inertial force. To do. Thereby, the gas phase working fluid 30G in the expansion chamber 22 of the cylinder # 1 is exhausted. This completes one cycle of the four-stroke operation of cylinder # 1.

  Since the operations of the cylinders # 2 to # 4 are the same, the description thereof is omitted.

  According to the four-stroke operation of the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50 described above, the fossil fuel is not burned and consumed, the working fluid is efficiently heated and vaporized, and the piston 20 can be reciprocated. Therefore, it is possible to realize a clean reciprocating steam engine that does not generate air pollution or the like.

  Further, according to the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50, the expansion chamber 22 can be set to a negative pressure by suction from the expansion chamber 22 of another connected cylinder without using the vacuum pump 25. Therefore, compared with the reciprocating steam engine 10 using the vacuum pump 25, the electric power required for driving the vacuum pump 25 can be reduced.

  As the operation of the four-cylinder reciprocating steam engine 50, in addition to the above-described four-stroke operation, it is also possible to execute a two-stroke operation in which a period during which the piston 20 makes two strokes (one reciprocation) is one cycle.

<Configuration example of a double-acting reciprocating steam engine according to a third embodiment of the present invention>
Next, FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a double-acting reciprocating steam engine 70 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Of the constituent elements of the double-acting reciprocating steam engine 70, those common to the constituent elements of the reciprocating steam engine 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.

  The double-acting reciprocating steam engine 70 includes a double-acting cylinder 71 having expansion chambers 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B instead of the cylinder 19 of the reciprocating steam engine 10. As with the reciprocating steam engine 10, the double-acting reciprocating steam engine 70 includes a tank 11, a first filter 12, a high-pressure tank 14, a vacuum pump 25, a power generation unit 27, and the like. In FIG.

  In the expansion chamber 22A of the double-acting cylinder 71, an injection unit 18A, a second heating unit 23A, a vacuum valve 24A, and an exhaust valve 26A are provided. Similarly, the expansion chamber 22B is provided with an injection unit 18B, a second heating unit 23B, a vacuum valve 24B, and an exhaust valve 26B.

  The high-pressure tank 14 in the double-acting reciprocating steam engine 70 supplies the liquid-phase working fluid 30L supplied from the high-pressure pump 13 to the injection units 18A and 18B in a state where the pressure in the tank is increased according to control from the control unit 28. To do. Furthermore, the high-pressure tank 14 has a third heating unit 17 (not shown).

  One end of the injection unit 18A is inserted into the expansion chamber 22A of the cylinder 19 and further heats the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30L supplied from the high-pressure tank 14 while expanding the expansion chamber 22A as fine mist-like particles. To spray. Similarly, the injection unit 18B has one end inserted into the expansion chamber 22B of the cylinder 19 and further heats the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase working fluid 30L supplied from the high-pressure tank 14 as fine mist-like particles. It injects into the expansion chamber 22B.

  In the double-acting reciprocating steam engine 70, when the expansion chamber 22 </ b> B of the double-acting cylinder 71 is expanded, the expansion chamber 22 </ b> A opens the exhaust valve 26 </ b> A in accordance with the movement of the piston 20 and performs exhaust. After the piston 20 reaches the top dead center, the exhaust valve 26A is closed and the vacuum valve 24A is opened to make the expansion chamber 22A have a negative pressure. Thereafter, after the vacuum valve 24A is closed, the liquid phase working fluid 30L is injected from the injection unit 18A into the expansion chamber 22A. The jetted liquid phase working fluid 30L is further heated by the second heating unit 23A, transitions to the gas phase working fluid 30G, expands its volume, and pushes down the piston 20 to the bottom dead center. Thereby, in the expansion chamber 22B, the same operation as the expansion chamber 22A described above is performed. Accordingly, the expansion chambers 22A and the expansion chambers 22B are alternately expanded to move the piston 20, so that the piston 20 is reciprocated by the double-acting cylinder 71.

  According to the double-acting reciprocating steam engine 70 described above, the fossil fuel is not combusted and consumed, the working fluid is efficiently heated and vaporized, and the piston 20 can be reciprocated. Therefore, it is possible to realize a clean reciprocating steam engine that does not generate air pollution or the like.

<Usage example of each embodiment>
Each of the embodiments described above includes, for example, a power source of a generator, a drive source of a vehicle such as a two-wheeled vehicle, a four-wheeled vehicle, and a pneumatic vehicle, and a power source of a generator of a vehicle such as a pneumatic vehicle that uses a motor as a driving source. Can be used.

  The injection unit 18 employed in each embodiment can be applied to, for example, a rotary engine or a steam turbine.

  In the above-described embodiment, the configuration has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to the configuration having all the configurations described.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Reciprocating steam engine, 11 ... Tank, 12 ... 1st filter, 13 ... High pressure pump, 14 ... High pressure tank, 15 ... Safety valve, 16 ... Pressure sensor, 17 ... 3rd heating part, 18 ... injection part, 19 ... cylinder, 20 ... piston, 21 ... connecting rod, 22 ... expansion chamber, 23 ... 2nd heating part, 24 ... Vacuum valve, 25 ... Vacuum pump, 26 ... Exhaust valve, 27 ... Power generation unit, 28 ... Control unit, 30G ... Gas phase working fluid, 30L ... Liquid phase Working fluid, 31 ... second filter, 32 ... valve spring, 33 ... solenoid, 34 ... plunger, 35 ... first heating unit, 36 ... insulating material, 37 ... Nozzle, 38 ... injection hole, 39 ... connector, 50 ... multi-cylinder reciprocating steam Seki, 51 ... connecting valve, 52 ... connecting valve, 70 ... Fukudogata reciprocating steam engine, 71 ... Fukudogata cylinder

Claims (7)

In the reciprocating steam engine that reciprocates the piston by expanding and contracting the expansion chamber of the cylinder,
An injection unit for injecting a working fluid to the expansion chamber;
A high-pressure heating unit that increases the pressure of the working fluid before being supplied to the injection unit and heats the working fluid using exhaust from the cylinder;
A first heating unit that heats the working fluid before being injected into the expansion chamber in the injection unit;
A negative pressure portion that negatively pressurizes the expansion chamber in a state where the expansion chamber of the cylinder contracts and the piston reaches top dead center;
With
The expansion chamber is expanded by evaporating the working fluid injected into the expansion chamber and expanding its volume.
This is a reciprocating steam engine. The reciprocating steam engine according to claim 1,
A second heating unit for heating the working fluid injected into the expansion chamber in the expansion chamber;
A reciprocating steam engine comprising: The reciprocating steam engine according to claim 1 ,
The negative pressure part makes the expansion chamber have a negative pressure by sucking the gas in the expansion chamber by a vacuum pump.
This is a reciprocating steam engine. The reciprocating steam engine according to claim 1 ,
The reciprocating steam engine has a plurality of cylinders that sequentially repeat four processes of expansion + suction process, contraction + negative pressure process, injection + expansion process, and exhaust process in different phases,
The negative pressure portion performs the expansion + suction process in a second cylinder different from the first cylinder that can be connected to the expansion chamber of the first cylinder of the plurality of cylinders via a connection valve. The first cylinder and the second cylinder are connected by opening the connection valve, and the expansion chamber of the first cylinder is performed by performing a contraction + negative pressure process in the first cylinder. Negative pressure,
This is a reciprocating steam engine. The reciprocating steam engine according to claim 1 ,
The negative pressure part sucks the gas in the expansion chamber to make the expansion chamber negative pressure by rotationally driving a turbine using exhaust from the cylinder.
This is a reciprocating steam engine. The reciprocating steam engine according to claim 1,
A power generation unit that generates power using exhaust from the cylinder;
A reciprocating steam engine comprising: The reciprocating steam engine according to claim 1,
The working fluid is water, air, carbon dioxide, ammonia, alcohol, pentane, or alternative chlorofluorocarbon.
This is a reciprocating steam engine.

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