JP4520673B2 - Method of injecting combustible dust into a waste melting furnace - Google Patents

Method of injecting combustible dust into a waste melting furnace Download PDF

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JP4520673B2
JP4520673B2 JP2001249553A JP2001249553A JP4520673B2 JP 4520673 B2 JP4520673 B2 JP 4520673B2 JP 2001249553 A JP2001249553 A JP 2001249553A JP 2001249553 A JP2001249553 A JP 2001249553A JP 4520673 B2 JP4520673 B2 JP 4520673B2
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Prior art keywords
dust
amount
coke
tuyere
blowing
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JP2003056820A (en
Inventor
義治 上野
良平 小阪
義信 西田
秀治 芝池
宏和 田中
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、一般廃棄物、産業廃棄物等の廃棄物を溶融処理する廃棄物溶融炉で発生した可燃性ダストを捕集して廃棄物溶融炉羽口に吹き込む可燃性ダストの吹き込み方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般廃棄物、産業廃棄物等の廃棄物の処理方法の一つとして、シャフト炉型の廃棄物溶融炉で廃棄物を乾燥、熱分解、燃焼、溶融して、スラグとメタルにする廃棄物溶融処理がある。
【0003】
廃棄物溶融炉で飛散する可燃性ダストを羽口から吹き込む操業方法について、本出願人は、特願平11−192363号で出願した。
【0004】
図3は前記操業方法を実施するための廃棄物溶融処理設備を示す説明図で、廃棄物溶融炉1には、従来の廃棄物処理設備と同じく、廃棄物が副資材であるコークス、石灰石と共に炉上部から2重シール弁機構の装入装置2を介して装入され、乾燥、熱分解、燃焼、溶融の過程を経て出滓口3から溶融物として排出され、可燃分は熱分解ガスとして廃棄物溶融炉上部のダクト4から排出され、可燃性ダストはサイクロン等の除じん器5で捕集されて可燃性ダスト貯蔵タンク6に貯蔵され、可燃性ダスト切り出し装置7で切り出されて、酸素富化空気を供給する送風羽口8から炉内へ吹き込まれる。
【0005】
除じん器5からの排ガスは、燃焼室9で燃焼され、ボイラー10で熱回収が行われ、発生した蒸気は蒸気タービン・発電装置11へ送られる。ボイラー10の排ガスは、集じん装置12で固気分離され、ブロワ13により煙突14から排出される。
【0006】
この方法によれば、炉内へ吹き込まれた可燃性ダストが、送風羽口前で燃焼することにより、この燃焼が装入物の乾燥及び昇温用の熱源となるため、従来、装入物の乾燥・昇温及び溶融の熱源であったコークスを低減させることが可能となる。また、可燃性ダストを炉内に吹込み、羽口前で燃焼させることにより可燃性ダスト中の灰分が溶融・スラグ化するため、除じん器以降のダスト量が低減され、ダスト処理費等のランニングコストを低減する効果も有している。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、その後の研究によれば、下段羽口に可燃性ダストを吹き込む場合については、装入したコークス量と吹き込んだ可燃性ダスト量に対する下段羽口から送風された酸素量が適正でないと、可燃性ダストを吹き込んだ効果が得られなくなることがわかった。
【0008】
すなわち、装入したコークス量と吹き込んだ可燃性ダスト量に対する理論燃焼空気量よりも下段羽口から送風された酸素量が過剰に多い場合、下段羽口から供給された酸素は、可燃性ダストを燃焼しきった後、コークスと反応し始め、コークスベツト高さが低くなり、溶融物温度が低下し、安定操業が難しくなる。また、逆に下段羽口から送風された酸素量が不足している場合は、可燃性ダストが羽口前で完全に燃焼されず、残った可燃性ダストは、気流に乗って溶融炉から再度飛散してしまう。その結果、捕集される可燃性ダスト量が増加するだけでなく、除じん器を通過する可燃性ダスト量も増加するため、後流の燃焼室・ボイラ・集じん装置で捕集されるダスト量が増加することとなる。
【0009】
そこで、本発明は、廃棄物を溶融処理する廃棄物溶融炉で発生した可燃性ダストを捕集して、廃棄物溶融炉の羽口に吹き込む可燃性ダストの吹込み方法において、送風条件の調整は、コークスの量と可燃性ダストの吹込み量によって決まる最適範囲内で行い、コークス使用量が低い状態で安定的に操業を行うとともに、除じん器以降のダスト量の低減を可能とする可燃性ダストの吹込み方法を提供するものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の廃棄物溶融炉への可燃性ダストの吹き込み方法は、複数段の送風羽口を有する廃棄物溶融炉に、廃棄物をコークス、石灰石と共に装入し、乾燥、熱分解、燃焼、溶融して廃棄物を溶融処理する際に、下段送風羽口からコークスベットヘ、常温の酸素富化空気又は高温空気を吹き込むと共に、捕集した可燃性ダストを該下段送風羽口から吹き込む方法において、下段送風羽口から供給される酸素量(A)に対する、捕集され該下段送風羽口から供給される可燃性ダストとコークスの量及び組成から求まる理論酸素量(B)の比率(B/A)を、0.5〜1.0の範囲になるように、可燃性ダストの吹き込み量に応じて送風条件を変えることを特徴とする。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
除じん器にて捕集された可燃性ダストを、コークス使用量を低減する目的で、下段羽口から吹き込むときの操業条件の設定方法は、以下の要領にて行う。
【0012】
溶融処理対象物の物性値、例えば、処理対象物の発熱量と処理対象物の水分や灰分から、羽口吹込みを行わない場合のコークス量(初期コークス使用量)を想定し、また、溶融処理対象物の物性値のうち発熱量から捕集される可燃性ダストの量及び可燃性ダスト中の組成を想定する。想定された可燃性ダスト捕集量及び炭素濃度から、可燃性ダストを下段羽口から吹き込んだ場合のコークス使用量の低減量を想定し、初期コークス使用量から差し引くことによって、羽口吹込みを行う場合の目標コークス使用量を設定することができる。
【0013】
溶融炉の炉内状況は、下段羽口前には、コークスベット層が存在しており、そのコークスベット層の高さが低くなると、溶融物温度が低下する。これに対し、下段羽口から可燃性ダストを吹き込むと、コークスより可燃性ダストの方が単位重量あたりの表面積が大きいため、下段羽口から送風された酸素がより優先的に可燃性ダストと反応するため、コークスの消費が抑制され、コークスベット層高さが高くなる。それに応じて、コークスの使用量を低減することが可能となる。但し、前述のように、装入したコークス量と吹き込んだ可燃性ダスト量に対する下段羽口から送風された酸素量が適正でないと、可燃性ダストを吹き込んだ効果が得られなくなる。
【0014】
そこで、下段羽口より供給される酸素量(A)に対する、捕集され該下段羽口から供給される可燃性ダスト量及び組成と目標コークス使用量及び組成から求まる理論燃焼酸素量(B)の比率(B/A)(以下「(B/A)」を下段燃料比という。)を定義し、下段燃料比が0.5〜1.0の範囲内となるように、可燃性ダスト捕集量に応じて、送風条件を変えることにより、低コークス使用量での安定連続操業を可能とすることができる。
【0015】
前述の下段燃料比の範囲に関しては、研究により次のような理由がある。すなわち、下段燃料比が0.5未満となると、下段羽口から供給された酸素は、可燃性ダストを燃焼しきった後、コークスと反応をし始め、コークスを消費し、コークスベット高さが低くなる。そのため、溶融物温度が低下、溶融物の流動性が低下し、安定的な連続操業が難しくなる。
【0016】
逆に、下段燃料比が1.0を越えるような状況になると、下段羽口から供給された酸素が全量消費されても、下段羽口前では燃焼しない可燃性ダストが残留し、気流に乗って溶融炉から再度飛散してしまうため、捕集される可燃性ダスト量が増加するだけでなく、除じん器を通過する可燃性ダスト量も増加するため、後流の燃焼室・ボイラ・集じん装置で捕集されるダスト量が増加することとなる。そのため、コークスの使用量を低減させることは可能であるが、前述のようなダスト量の低減ができなくなり、処理費等のランニングコスト増加に繋がる。
【0017】
したがって、溶融炉から発生し、除じん器にて捕集された可燃性ダストを下段羽口に吹き込む場合は、可燃性ダストの吹込み量に応じて、下段燃料比を0.5〜1.0の範囲に調整することによって、低いコークス使用量の状態で安定的に操業することが可能とともに、除じん器以降のダスト量が低減され、ダスト処理費等のランニングコストを低減することが出来る。
【0018】
【実施例】
表1は、使用コークス量と可燃性ダストの吹込み量及びそれに伴う酸素量(下段燃料比)を変化させた実験結果を表にしたものである。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0004520673
比較例1は可燃性ダスト吹込みなしのケース、実施例1は可燃性ダスト吹込みありのケースであるが、これらの燃料比は0.5及び0.6であり、スラグ温度も高く、安定操業が可能なケースであり、実施例1はコークスの使用量は可燃性ダスト吹込みにより、28.6から15.8kg/hに45%低減されており、また、集じん装置にて捕集されるダスト量は1.9から1.2%に低減されている。
【0020】
比較例2は可燃性ダスト量を実施例1の約3倍に増加させ、下段燃料比が1.0を越えたケースであるが、この場合には溶融物温度は維持できているものの、集じん装置にて捕集されるダスト量が1.7%に増加している。このケースにおいては、下段送風酸素量を増加させることにより、実施例2に示すように燃料比が0.9に低下したところで、ダスト量が1.25%まで減少した。逆に、可燃性ダスト量を実施例1の約1/2に低減した比較例3では、下段燃料比が0.4程度まで低下し、溶融物温度が低下した。
【0021】
さらに、可燃性ダスト吹込みを行わないまま、コークス使用量を低減させた比較例4でも、溶融物温度は低下し、連続操業が不能となった、
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、可燃性ダストの羽口への吹き込み量に応じて下段燃料比を0.5〜1の範囲に調整することによって、低いコークス使用量の状態で安定的に操業を行うと同時に集じん装置にて捕集されるダスト量を低減することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 溶融物温度と下段燃料比との関係を示すグラフである。
【図2】 集じん装置捕集ダスト量と下段燃料比との関係を示すグラフである。
【図3】 可燃性ダストを羽口から吹き込む操業方法を実施するための廃棄物溶融処理設備を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1:廃棄物溶融炉
2:装入装置
3:出滓口
4:ダクト
5:除じん器
6:可燃ダスト貯蔵タンク
7:可燃ダスト切り出し装置
8:送風羽口
9:燃焼室
10:ボイラー
11:蒸気タービン・発電装置
12:集じん装置
13:ブロワ
14:煙突[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for injecting combustible dust that collects combustible dust generated in a waste melting furnace for melting waste such as general waste and industrial waste and blows it into a waste melting furnace tuyere.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As one of the processing methods for waste such as general waste and industrial waste, waste melting into slag and metal by drying, pyrolysis, combustion and melting in a shaft furnace type waste melting furnace There is processing.
[0003]
The present applicant applied for Japanese Patent Application No. 11-192363 about the operation method which blows inflammable dust scattered in a waste melting furnace from a tuyere.
[0004]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a waste melting treatment facility for carrying out the operation method, and in the waste melting furnace 1, together with coke and limestone in which waste is a secondary material, as in the conventional waste treatment facility. It is charged from the top of the furnace through the charging device 2 of the double seal valve mechanism, and is discharged as a melt from the outlet 3 through the processes of drying, pyrolysis, combustion and melting, and the combustible component is used as pyrolysis gas. The combustible dust discharged from the duct 4 at the upper part of the waste melting furnace is collected by a dust remover 5 such as a cyclone, stored in a combustible dust storage tank 6, cut out by a combustible dust cutting device 7, and oxygen The air is blown into the furnace through the blower tuyere 8 that supplies the enriched air.
[0005]
The exhaust gas from the dust remover 5 is combusted in the combustion chamber 9, heat recovery is performed in the boiler 10, and the generated steam is sent to the steam turbine / power generation device 11. The exhaust gas from the boiler 10 is separated into solid and gas by the dust collector 12 and discharged from the chimney 14 by the blower 13.
[0006]
According to this method, the combustible dust blown into the furnace burns in front of the blower tuyere, and this combustion becomes a heat source for drying and raising the temperature of the charge. It is possible to reduce coke which was a heat source for drying, raising the temperature and melting. In addition, by blowing flammable dust into the furnace and burning it in front of the tuyere, the ash content in the flammable dust melts and slags, reducing the amount of dust after the dust remover and reducing the dust treatment costs, etc. It also has the effect of reducing running costs.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to subsequent research, when combustible dust is blown into the lower tuyere, the amount of coke charged and the amount of oxygen blown from the lower tuyere relative to the amount of combustible dust blown are combustible. It was found that the effect of injecting sex dust could not be obtained.
[0008]
That is, if the amount of oxygen blown from the lower tuyere is excessively larger than the theoretical amount of combustion air relative to the amount of coke charged and the amount of combustible dust blown in, the oxygen supplied from the lower tuyere After combustion is complete, it begins to react with coke, the height of the cokebet is lowered, the melt temperature is lowered, and stable operation becomes difficult. Conversely, if the amount of oxygen blown from the lower tuyere is insufficient, the combustible dust is not completely combusted in front of the tuyere, and the remaining combustible dust rides on the airflow again from the melting furnace. It will be scattered. As a result, not only does the amount of flammable dust that is collected increase, but the amount of flammable dust that passes through the dust remover also increases, so the dust that is collected in the downstream combustion chamber, boiler, and dust collector is collected. The amount will increase.
[0009]
Therefore, the present invention collects combustible dust generated in a waste melting furnace for melting waste and adjusts the blowing conditions in the method of blowing combustible dust that is blown into the tuyeres of the waste melting furnace. Is performed within the optimum range determined by the amount of coke and the amount of flammable dust blown, and operates stably with a low amount of coke, and it is possible to reduce the amount of dust after the dust remover. It provides a method for injecting sex dust.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method of injecting combustible dust into the waste melting furnace of the present invention is to charge the waste together with coke and limestone in a waste melting furnace having a plurality of blower tuyere, and dry, pyrolyze, burn, melt When the waste is melted, the coke bed is blown into the coke bed from the lower blower tuyere, and at the same time, the collected combustible dust is blown from the lower blower tuyere. Ratio (B / A) of theoretical oxygen amount (B) obtained from the amount and composition of combustible dust and coke collected and supplied from the lower ventilation tuyere to the oxygen amount (A) supplied from the lower blowing tuyere ) Is changed in accordance with the blowing amount of the combustible dust so as to be in the range of 0.5 to 1.0.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to reduce the amount of coke used by the combustible dust collected by the dust remover, the operating conditions are set in the following manner when blowing from the lower tuyere.
[0012]
Based on the physical properties of the object to be melted, such as the calorific value of the object to be treated and the moisture and ash content of the object to be treated, the amount of coke when the tuyere is not blown (initial coke consumption) is assumed The amount of combustible dust collected from the calorific value and the composition in the combustible dust are assumed among the physical property values of the object to be treated. Assuming the reduction of coke consumption when combustible dust is blown from the lower tuyere from the assumed amount of flammable dust collected and carbon concentration, subtracting it from the initial coke usage will reduce tuyere blowing. It is possible to set a target coke usage amount when performing.
[0013]
Regarding the in-furnace condition of the melting furnace, a coke bed layer exists in front of the lower tuyere, and the melt temperature decreases as the height of the coke bed layer decreases. In contrast, when flammable dust is blown from the lower tuyere, oxygen blown from the lower tuyere preferentially reacts with flammable dust because the surface area per unit weight of flammable dust is larger than that of coke. Therefore, consumption of coke is suppressed and the height of the coke bed layer is increased. Accordingly, the amount of coke used can be reduced. However, as described above, if the amount of oxygen blown from the lower tuyere with respect to the amount of coke charged and the amount of combustible dust blown is not appropriate, the effect of blowing combustible dust cannot be obtained.
[0014]
Therefore, with respect to the amount of oxygen (A) supplied from the lower tuyere, the amount of combustible dust collected and supplied from the lower tuyere and the theoretical amount of combustion oxygen (B) determined from the target coke usage and composition Define the ratio (B / A) (hereinafter, “(B / A)” is referred to as the lower fuel ratio), and collect the combustible dust so that the lower fuel ratio falls within the range of 0.5 to 1.0. By changing the blowing conditions according to the amount, stable continuous operation with a low coke consumption can be achieved.
[0015]
Regarding the range of the lower fuel ratio, there are the following reasons according to research. That is, when the lower fuel ratio is less than 0.5, oxygen supplied from the lower tuyere starts to react with coke after burning the combustible dust, consumes coke, and the coke bed height is low. Become. For this reason, the melt temperature is lowered, the fluidity of the melt is lowered, and stable continuous operation becomes difficult.
[0016]
Conversely, when the lower fuel ratio exceeds 1.0, even if all the oxygen supplied from the lower tuyere is consumed, flammable dust that does not burn remains in front of the lower tuyere and rides on the airflow. As a result, the amount of combustible dust that is collected increases, and the amount of combustible dust that passes through the dust remover also increases. The amount of dust collected by the dust device will increase. Therefore, although it is possible to reduce the amount of coke used, it becomes impossible to reduce the amount of dust as described above, leading to an increase in running costs such as processing costs.
[0017]
Therefore, when the combustible dust generated from the melting furnace and collected by the dust remover is blown into the lower tuyere, the lower fuel ratio is set to 0.5 to 1 according to the amount of the combustible dust blown. By adjusting to the range of 0, it is possible to stably operate in a low coke usage state, the amount of dust after the dust remover is reduced, and running costs such as dust disposal costs can be reduced. .
[0018]
【Example】
Table 1 shows the results of experiments in which the amount of coke used, the amount of flammable dust injected, and the amount of oxygen (lower fuel ratio) associated therewith were changed.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004520673
Comparative Example 1 is a case without flammable dust blowing, and Example 1 is a case with flammable dust blowing. These fuel ratios are 0.5 and 0.6, the slag temperature is high, and stable operation is achieved. In Example 1, the amount of coke used was reduced by 45% from 28.6 to 15.8 kg / h by injecting combustible dust, and was collected by a dust collector. The amount of dust is reduced from 1.9 to 1.2%.
[0020]
Comparative Example 2 is a case where the amount of combustible dust was increased to about three times that of Example 1 and the lower fuel ratio exceeded 1.0. In this case, although the melt temperature could be maintained, The amount of dust collected by the dust device has increased to 1.7%. In this case, the amount of dust was reduced to 1.25% when the fuel ratio was reduced to 0.9 as shown in Example 2 by increasing the amount of lower blast oxygen. On the contrary, in Comparative Example 3 in which the amount of combustible dust was reduced to about ½ of Example 1, the lower fuel ratio was reduced to about 0.4, and the melt temperature was reduced.
[0021]
Furthermore, even in Comparative Example 4 in which the amount of coke used was reduced without injecting flammable dust, the melt temperature decreased and continuous operation became impossible.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, the lower fuel ratio is adjusted to a range of 0.5 to 1 according to the amount of combustible dust blown into the tuyere, so that stable operation can be performed at a low coke consumption and at the same time. It becomes possible to reduce the amount of dust collected by the dust device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between melt temperature and lower fuel ratio.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of dust collected by the dust collector and the lower fuel ratio.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a waste melting treatment facility for carrying out an operation method in which combustible dust is blown from a tuyere.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: waste melting furnace 2: charging device 3: outlet port 4: duct 5: dust remover 6: combustible dust storage tank 7: combustible dust cutting device 8: blower tuyere 9: combustion chamber 10: boiler 11: Steam turbine / power generation device 12: Dust collector 13: Blower 14: Chimney

Claims (1)

複数段の送風羽口を有する廃棄物溶融炉に、廃棄物をコークス、石灰石と共に装入し、乾燥、熱分解、燃焼、溶融して廃棄物を溶融処理する際に、下段送風羽口からコークスベットヘ、常温の酸素富化空気又は高温空気を吹き込むと共に、捕集した可燃性ダストを該下段送風羽口から吹き込む方法において、
下段送風羽口から供給される酸素量(A)に対する、捕集され該下段送風羽口から供給される可燃性ダストとコークスの量及び組成から求まる理論酸素量(B)の比率(B/A)を、0.5〜1.0の範囲になるように、可燃性ダストの吹き込み量に応じて送風条件を変えることを特徴とする廃棄物溶融炉への可燃性ダストの吹き込み方法。
When waste is charged with coke and limestone into a waste melting furnace with multiple stages of blowing tuyers, and dried, pyrolyzed, burned and melted to melt the waste, the coke from the lower blowing tuyere In the method of blowing oxygen-enriched air or hot air at room temperature into the bed, and blowing the collected combustible dust from the lower ventilation tuyere,
Ratio (B / A) of theoretical oxygen amount (B) obtained from the amount and composition of combustible dust and coke collected and supplied from the lower ventilation tuyere to the oxygen amount (A) supplied from the lower blowing tuyere ) In a range of 0.5 to 1.0, the blowing condition is changed in accordance with the amount of flammable dust blown, and the method for blowing flammable dust into the waste melting furnace.
JP2001249553A 2001-08-20 2001-08-20 Method of injecting combustible dust into a waste melting furnace Expired - Lifetime JP4520673B2 (en)

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JP4486377B2 (en) * 2004-02-24 2010-06-23 新日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 Waste melting treatment method using powdery biomass
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JP2001021123A (en) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-26 Nippon Steel Corp Method for blowing combustible dust into waste melting furnace
JP2001108212A (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-04-20 Nippon Steel Corp Method of operating waste melting furnace

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JP2001021123A (en) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-26 Nippon Steel Corp Method for blowing combustible dust into waste melting furnace
JP2001108212A (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-04-20 Nippon Steel Corp Method of operating waste melting furnace

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