CN106642139A

CN106642139A - Domestic refuse pyrolysis and gasification and fly ash direct melting device and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN106642139A
Application number: CN201710090264.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓兆兵; 汪乐丰
Original assignee: 长沙超梵环境科技有限公司
Priority date: 2017-02-20
Filing date: 2017-02-20
Publication date: 2017-05-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a domestic refuse pyrolysis and gasification and fly ash direct melting device and a use method thereof. The device comprises a refuse treatment tower, a high-temperature air preheater, a low-temperature air preheater, an air blower and a cyclone secondary combustion chamber. The refuse treatment tower is downward provided with a drying and pyrolysis chamber, a pyrolysis and gasification chamber and a calcinations chamber in sequence in the longitudinal direction. Refuse enters the device from the upper end of the drying and pyrolysis chamber, generated moist and hot flue gas enters the calcinations chamber, the moist and hot flue gas in the calcinations chamber enters the pyrolysis and gasification chamber under the action of negative pressure, and accordingly a water-gas reaction is conducted to generate pyrolysis gas which enters the cyclone secondary combustion chamber for high-temperature combustion. The stay time of the domestic refuse in space can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of a fire bar; the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas is increased, the risk that a feeding layer of the rotary fire bar of the pyrolysis and gasification chamber cokes is also reduced, and the carbon content in coal slag is reduced; the environment-friendly effects of fly ash melting, complete decomposition of dioxin and heavy metal solidification are obtained at low investment and cost.

Description

Domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification flying dust direct-fusing apparatus and its using method

Technical field

The present invention relates to solid waste resource recovery processing technology field, it particularly relates to a kind of domestic garbage pyrolysis Gasification flying dust direct-fusing apparatus and its using method.

Background technology

According to Chinese national standard GB18485-2014《Consumer waste incineration Environmental capacity standard》Regulation, " consumer waste incineration Flying dust should respectively be collected, store, transport and disposed with dregs of incinerator.Domestic garbage incineration flyash should be managed by hazardous waste Reason.”

If incineration residue is carried out into melt process at a high temperature of more than its fusing point, not only can thoroughly decompose absorption and exist Dioxins materials Shang flying ash, and the harmful substances such as the heavy metal in flying ash can be solidified, house refuse can be made Flying ash is converted into general solid waste from danger wastes, can both reduce environment dirty directly as building material Dye, realizes comprehensive utilization of resources again.

The international advanced technology for representing current garbage incineration technology developing direction is gasification＆melting technology, its basic process It is：House refuse is admitted to pyrolysis/gasification stove (400～700 DEG C), pyrolysis or the gasification rapidly of the organic matter in rubbish, gasification It is reducing atmosphere in stove, most metal (such as Fe, Al, Cu) will not be oxidized, can discharge with bottom ash, through magnetic separation Or can further recycle after Gravity Separation；Gasification product enters burning melting furnace, and can be in relatively low excess air coefficient Under (l.2-1.3) burn completely, make in-furnace temperature reach more than 1300 DEG C, now lime-ash is melted as glass state material in stove, Dioxin decomposes completely, heavy metal is cured in slag.In the testing stand of a 20t/d of Nippon Steel, even if not Using activated carbon, uh the English of chimney porch two also can be controlled in below 0.01ng.

The key problem in technology of refuse gasification melting is need to obtain 1400 DEG C or so of high temperature, and the main method for adopting at present is Fuel process and electrothermal way, have that high energy consumption, equipment are complicated, invest.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to a kind of domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification flying dust direct-fusing apparatus and its using method are proposed, To solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that what is be achieved in that：

Domestic garbage pyrolysis gasify flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, including garbage disposal tower, dehumidification by condensation device, high temperature air be pre- Hot device, low-temperature air preheater, the first air blast, the second air blast and whirlwind secondary combustion chamber, the garbage disposal tower is along vertical To dry thermal cracking room, pyrolysis vaporizer and firing chamber is sequentially provided with downwards, set successively downwards along longitudinal direction in the dry thermal cracking room There are dry thermal cracking room blast pipe and dry thermal cracking room rotary furnace bar, dry thermal cracking room blast pipe passes through high-temperature air preheater It is connected with second air blast, pyrolysis vaporizer's blast pipe and pyrolysis is sequentially provided with downwards along longitudinal direction in the pyrolytic gasification room Vaporizer rotary fire grate, pyrolysis vaporizer's blast pipe is connected by low-temperature air preheater with first air blast, institute The bottom for stating firing chamber is provided with slag removing chamber, is provided with firing chamber's air inlet pipe in the roasting room, firing chamber's air inlet pipe with it is described First air blast is connected, and the upper end of the dry thermal cracking room is provided with garbage inlet, and the side of the dry thermal cracking room is provided with wet Exhanst gas outlet, the wet flue gas are exported and are connected with the wet flue gas import located at firing chamber side, the side of the pyrolysis vaporizer Pyrolytic gasification gas vent is provided with, the pyrolytic gasification gas vent is connected with the combustion air intake of whirlwind secondary combustion chamber, institute The bottom for stating whirlwind secondary combustion chamber is connected with slag remover, and the top of the whirlwind secondary combustion chamber is provided with incineration flue gas outlet.

Further, dehumidification by condensation device is also associated between the wet flue gas outlet and wet flue gas import, the condensation is removed Wet device is connected with cooling tower by cooling water pump.

Further, the side of the combustion air intake of the whirlwind secondary combustion chamber is provided with secondary air inlet, described secondary Wind inlet is connected on the pipeline between dry thermal cracking room blast pipe and the second air blast.

Further, the outlet of the slag removing chamber is connected with slag remover, and the interior of slagging tap is provided with fire grate of slagging tap, and bottom sets There is slag removing chamber's ash bucket.

Further, on the pipeline between the high-temperature air preheater and dry thermal cracking room blast pipe, the low temperature is empty On pipeline between air preheater and pyrolysis vaporizer's blast pipe and between second air blast and firing chamber's air inlet pipe Regulating valve is equipped with pipeline.

Further, the high-temperature air preheater and low-temperature air preheater are described in incineration flue gas outlet Incineration flue gas outlet is additionally provided with air-water heat exchanger.

The using method of domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, comprises the following steps：

1) house refuse is put into dry thermal cracking room from garbage inlet；

2) speed, the calorific value of house refuse, the humidity of house refuse and the dry thermal cracking room added according to house refuse Interior temperature is by adjusting the quantity of hot air that valve regulation dry thermal cracking room blast pipe is entered；

3) temperature in addition speed according to house refuse, pyrolytic gasification room is entered by adjusting valve regulation pyrolysis vaporizer The quantity of hot air that airduct is entered；

4) make the second air blast blast enough air to firing chamber by regulating valve, control temperature and the roasting of roasting Time；

5) lime-ash of firing chamber bottom is reclaimed by slag remover, pyrolytic gasification gas is provided with by pyrolysis vaporizer side Pyrolytic gasification gas vent be drawn into whirlwind secondary combustion chamber and burnt；

6) ash is burnt by slag remover recovery whirlwind secondary combustion chamber bottom.

Further, step 4) described in temperature be 400-850 DEG C, the time be 1-4h.

Further, step 5) in the air of high temperature is blasted into whirlwind second-time burning room.

The beneficial effect of device of the present invention and its using method：

1st, by adjusting fire bars rotary speed, house refuse can be controlled in the space residence time, makes described device Garbage water, the change of calorific value are adapted to, treatment effeciency is improved；

2nd, the calorific value of pyrolysis gas is increased while reducing moisture in pyrolysis gas again, simultaneously as water vapour is to pyrolysis gas Change the regulation of material layer temperature, it is possible to reduce the risk of bed of material coking on pyrolysis vaporizer's rotary furnace bar, can also reduce in lime-ash Phosphorus content；

3rd, device of the present invention can process house refuse of the moisture content more than 60%, further, can be generalized to The heat treatment of water treatment sludge；

4th, Low investment, the acquisition fusing fly ash, bioxin of low cost thoroughly decompose and heavy metal is able to the environmental protection of solidification Effect.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention.

Shown in figure：

1- garbage inlets；2- dry thermal crackings room；3- pyrolysis vaporizer；4- firing chambers；5- slag removing chamber；6- slag removers；7- Whirlwind secondary combustion chamber；8- air-water heat exchangers；9- high-temperature air preheaters；10- low-temperature air preheaters；The air blasts of 11- first； The air blasts of 12- second；13- dry thermal crackings room blast pipe；14- dry thermal crackings room rotary furnace bar；15- pyrolysis vaporizer blast pipe； 16- pyrolysis vaporizer rotary fire grate；17- slags tap fire grate；18- slag removing chamber ash bucket；19- wet flue gas are exported；20- wet flue gas imports； 21- secondary air inlets；22- regulating valves；23- pyrolytic gasification gas vents；24- firing chambers air inlet pipe；25- incineration flue gas are exported； 26- dehumidification by condensation devices；27- cooling towers；28- cooling water pumps；29- combustion air intakes.

Specific embodiment

With reference to the accompanying drawing of the present invention, the technical scheme of device of the present invention and its using method is carried out it is clear, It is fully described by.

The flying dust direct-fusing apparatus as shown in figure 1, a kind of domestic garbage pyrolysis of the present invention gasify, including at rubbish Reason tower, dehumidification by condensation device 26, high-temperature air preheater 9, low-temperature air preheater 10, the first air blast 11, the second air blast 12 With whirlwind secondary combustion chamber 7, garbage disposal tower edge longitudinal direction is sequentially provided with downwards dry thermal cracking room 2, pyrolysis vaporizer 3 and roasting Burn in room 4, the dry thermal cracking room 2 and be sequentially provided with dry thermal cracking room blast pipe 13 and dry thermal cracking room revolving burner downwards along longitudinal direction Bar 14, dry thermal cracking room blast pipe 13 is connected by high-temperature air preheater 9 with second air blast 12, the pyrolysis Pyrolysis vaporizer's blast pipe 15 and pyrolysis vaporizer's rotary fire grate 16, the pyrolysis are sequentially provided with downwards along longitudinal direction in vaporizer 3 Vaporizer blast pipe 15 is connected by low-temperature air preheater 10 with first air blast 11, and the bottom of the firing chamber 4 sets Have in slag removing chamber 5, the firing chamber 4 and be provided with firing chamber's air inlet pipe 24, firing chamber's air inlet pipe 24 and first air blast 11 are connected, and the upper end of the dry thermal cracking room 2 is provided with garbage inlet 1, and the side of the dry thermal cracking room 2 is provided with wet flue gas and goes out Mouth 19, the wet flue gas outlet 19 is connected with the wet flue gas import 20 located at the side of firing chamber 4, and the one of the pyrolysis vaporizer 3 Side is provided with the combustion air intake of pyrolytic gasification gas vent 23, the pyrolytic gasification gas vent 23 and whirlwind secondary combustion chamber 7 29 are connected, and the bottom of the whirlwind secondary combustion chamber 7 is connected with slag remover 6, and the top of the whirlwind secondary combustion chamber 6 is provided with to be burnt Burn exhanst gas outlet 25.

In the present embodiment, dehumidification by condensation device 26 is also associated between the wet flue gas outlet 19 and wet flue gas import 20, The dehumidification by condensation device 26 is connected with cooling tower 27 by cooling water pump 28.Specifically, dehumidification by condensation device 26 is provided with and cold water The connected dehumidifier cooling water inlet (not shown) of tower 27 and dehumidifier coolant outlet (not shown), damp and hot flue gas is passed through The condensed water that dehumidification by condensation device 26 is formed after condensing condenses water out (in figure not by the dehumidifier that dehumidification by condensation device 26 is provided with Show) discharge.

In the present embodiment, the side of the combustion air intake 29 of the whirlwind secondary combustion chamber 7 is provided with secondary air inlet 21, The secondary air inlet 21 is connected on the pipeline between dry thermal cracking room blast pipe 13 and the second air blast 12.High heating value Pyrolysis gas mixed with the high temperature secondary burning gases from the first air blast 11 by pyrolytic gasification gas vent 23 after, into rotation Wind secondary combustion chamber 7, obtains more than 1200 degree of high temperature, melts can the flying ash in high temperature gas flow, and it is powerful from Under mental power function, caught by furnace wall.

In the present embodiment, the outlet of the slag removing chamber 5 is connected with slag remover 6, the slag removing chamber 5 and is provided with fire grate of slagging tap 17, bottom is provided with slag removing chamber's ash bucket 18.The speed of slagging tap of slag removing chamber 5 can be controlled.

In the present embodiment, on the pipeline between the high-temperature air preheater 9 and dry thermal cracking room blast pipe 13 it is, described On pipeline between low-temperature air preheater 10 and pyrolysis vaporizer's blast pipe 15 and second air blast 12 and firing chamber Regulating valve 22 is equipped with pipeline between air inlet pipe 24.

In the present embodiment, the high-temperature air preheater 9 and low-temperature air preheater 10 are exported located at incineration flue gas In 25, the incineration flue gas outlet 25 is additionally provided with air-water heat exchanger 8.High-temperature air preheater 9 and low-temperature air preheater 10 set The heat carried in the flue gas that effectively can be gone out using burning heel row in whirlwind secondary combustion chamber 7 in incineration flue gas outlet 25 Amount, so as to reach the purpose of the energy-conservation energy.Air-water heat exchanger 8 is provided with the position that 25 outermost ends are exported near incineration flue gas further Can to greatest extent using the heat in flue gas.

The invention also discloses the using method of described device, comprises the following steps：

House refuse is put into dry thermal cracking room 2 from garbage inlet 1, is imitated to improve being dried for house refuse Really, material of igniting can be added on dry thermal cracking room rotary furnace bar 14 (such as material fire)；

In speed, the calorific value of house refuse, the humidity of house refuse and the dry thermal cracking room 2 added according to house refuse Temperature the quantity of hot air that dry thermal cracking room blast pipe 13 is entered, the house refuse and hot-air of entrance are adjusted by regulating valve 22 Contact, house refuse is dried, and capacity reducing and partial pyrolysis reaction occur in bottom, and house refuse rotates in dry thermal cracking room In the presence of fire bars 14, the rubbish that capacity reducing has occurred gradually falls into pyrolysis vaporizer 3；

Adjusted by cooling water flow regulating valve (not shown) according to the water content of the wet flue gas in wet flue gas outlet 19 The cold feed amount of dehumidification by condensation device 26.Guiding of the damp and hot flue gas of dry thermal cracking room 2 in the negative pressure of pyrolytic gasification gas vent 23 Under, into dehumidification by condensation device 26, the moisture in wet flue gas is condensed separation.

The temperature in addition speed, pyrolysis vaporizer 3 according to house refuse adjusts pyrolysis vaporizer by regulating valve 22 The quantity of hot air that blast pipe 15 is entered.Fall into the house refuse of pyrolysis vaporizer 3 on pyrolysis vaporizer's rotary fire grate 16 with it is low There is the reaction of the pyrolytic gasifications such as anoxycausis, reduction in the hot-air that warm air preheater 10 comes, gas is in pyrolytic gasification gas In the presence of exporting 23 negative pressure, it is brought out through dry thermal cracking room 2, lime-ash falls into firing chamber 4；

Enough air are blasted into firing chamber 4 by regulating valve 13, the temperature of roasting and the time of roasting is controlled.Lime-ash After falling into firing chamber 4, the normal temperature air sent with the first air blast 11 carries out calcination, and the carbon residue in lime-ash is further Burning is removed, and it is 1-4h with the time of staying to control sintering temperature for 400-850 DEG C, and lime-ash igloss amount can be made to control below 3%. Firing chamber 4 is sufficient oxygen burning, and the high temperature carbon dioxide gas of generation passes through pyrolysis vaporizer 3 under the guiding of negative pressure, is reduced For carbon monoxide.

Fired clinker ignition loss qualified lime-ash up to standard, falls into slag removing chamber 5, then is sent by certain speed by fire grate 17 of slagging tap Enter slag remover 6, speed of slagging tap controllable.In addition, the damp and hot flue gas on the top of dry thermal cracking room 2, in pyrolytic gasification gas vent 23 Under the guiding of negative pressure, by the top wet flue gas import 20 of firing chamber 4 into the top of firing chamber 4, through dry thermal cracking room revolving burner There is water gas reaction with the carbon in the bed of material at high temperature in the scorching hot bed of material on bar 14, water vapour：

C+H₂O-----H₂+CO

So as to further improve the combustion value of pyrolysis gas.

After the pyrolysis gas for obtaining again mix it with high temperature (200-800 DEG C) air (or oxygen-enriched air or oxygen), introduce In whirlwind secondary combustion chamber 7, powerful high temperature recirculation zone is produced by cyclone firing, reinforcing pyrolysis fuel gas catches fire and fires Burn；The high temperature more than 1200 DEG C is obtained, the flying ash slag in high temperature gas flow is melted, and under powerful centrifugal action, Caught by furnace wall, so as to the air-flow that reaches a high temperature purpose detached with slag flying dust, while flying dust Zhong bioxin is thoroughly decomposed, The heavy metal in flying dust is set to solidify.

Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, it is characterised in that including garbage disposal tower, dehumidification by condensation device, High-temperature air preheater, low-temperature air preheater, the first air blast, the second air blast and whirlwind secondary combustion chamber, the rubbish Treating column is sequentially provided with downwards dry thermal cracking room, pyrolysis vaporizer and firing chamber along longitudinal direction, along longitudinal direction in the dry thermal cracking room Dry thermal cracking room blast pipe and dry thermal cracking room rotary furnace bar are sequentially provided with downwards, and dry thermal cracking room blast pipe passes through high temperature Air preheater is connected with second air blast, is sequentially provided with pyrolysis vaporizer downwards along longitudinal direction in the pyrolytic gasification room and enters Airduct and pyrolysis vaporizer's rotary fire grate, pyrolysis vaporizer's blast pipe is by low-temperature air preheater and first air blast Machine is connected, and the bottom of the firing chamber is provided with slag removing chamber, and firing chamber's air inlet pipe, firing chamber's air inlet are provided with the roasting room Pipe is connected with first air blast, and the upper end of the dry thermal cracking room is provided with garbage inlet, and the one of the dry thermal cracking room Side is provided with wet flue gas outlet, and the wet flue gas are exported and are connected with the wet flue gas import located at firing chamber side, the pyrolytic gasification The side of room is provided with the combustion air intake of pyrolytic gasification gas vent, the pyrolytic gasification gas vent and whirlwind secondary combustion chamber It is connected, the bottom of the whirlwind secondary combustion chamber is connected with slag remover, and the top of the whirlwind secondary combustion chamber is provided with burning cigarette Gas is exported.

2. domestic garbage pyrolysis according to claim 1 gasify flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, it is characterised in that the wet cigarette Gas is exported and is also associated with dehumidification by condensation device and wet flue gas import between, and the dehumidification by condensation device is connected with cold water by cooling water pump Tower.

3. domestic garbage pyrolysis according to claim 1 gasify flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, it is characterised in that the whirlwind The side of the combustion air intake of secondary combustion chamber is provided with secondary air inlet, and the secondary air inlet is connected to the dry thermal cracking room On pipeline between blast pipe and the second air blast.

4. domestic garbage pyrolysis according to claim 1 gasify flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, it is characterised in that described to slag tap The outlet of room is connected with slag remover, and the interior of slagging tap is provided with fire grate of slagging tap, and bottom is provided with slag removing chamber's ash bucket.

5. domestic garbage pyrolysis according to claim 1 gasify flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, it is characterised in that the high temperature On pipeline between air preheater and dry thermal cracking room blast pipe, the low-temperature air preheater and pyrolysis vaporizer's blast pipe Between pipeline on and pipeline between second air blast and firing chamber's air inlet pipe on be equipped with regulating valve.

6. domestic garbage pyrolysis according to claim 1 gasify flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, it is characterised in that the high temperature In incineration flue gas outlet, the incineration flue gas outlet is additionally provided with air water heat exchange for air preheater and low-temperature air preheater Device.

7. domestic garbage pyrolysis according to claim 1 gasify the using method of flying dust direct-fusing apparatus, and its feature exists In comprising the following steps：

1) house refuse is put into dry thermal cracking room from garbage inlet；

2) speed that added according to house refuse, the calorific value of house refuse, in the humidity of house refuse and dry thermal cracking room Temperature is by adjusting the quantity of hot air that valve regulation dry thermal cracking room blast pipe is entered；

3) temperature in addition speed according to house refuse, pyrolytic gasification room is by adjusting valve regulation pyrolysis vaporizer blast pipe Into quantity of hot air；

4) make the second air blast blast enough air to firing chamber by regulating valve, control roasting temperature and roasting when Between；

5) lime-ash of firing chamber bottom, the heat that pyrolytic gasification gas is provided with by pyrolysis vaporizer side are reclaimed by slag remover Solution gasification gas vent is drawn into whirlwind secondary combustion chamber and is burnt；

8. using method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step 4) described in temperature be 400-850 DEG C, it is described Time is 1-4h.

9. using method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step 5) in blast height into whirlwind second-time burning room The air of temperature.