JP4508775B2 - Panorama attachment optics - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a panorama attachment optical system, and more particularly to a panorama attachment optical system that is small and has high resolution.

Conventionally, as an optical system for obtaining an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (entire circumference) using a reflective optical system, one as described in Patent Document 1 using one reflective surface and Patent Document 2 using two reflective surfaces. 3 or the one known as the trademark “Chameleon Eye” (Sony Corporation).
Japanese Patent No. 2925573 JP-A-11-331654 JP 2003-167195 A

  However, since none of the conventional examples is configured to form an intermediate image until reaching the imaging surface, a 360 ° omnidirectional image formed in a ring shape is described in Patent Document 1. In the case of things, it becomes a mirror image with the heavens and the earth reversed.

  Moreover, in the thing of patent document 2, 3, since the image of the entrance pupil of an image formation optical system is not imaged in a reflection optical system, there exists a problem that a reflection optical system will enlarge.

  Furthermore, in the case of the “chameleon eye”, since the light is sequentially reflected by the reflecting surfaces located on both sides of the vertical center axis, the reflecting surface on the incident side acts to limit the angle of view. It is not easy to widen, and as a result, the reflective optical system becomes large.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and its purpose is a compact for obtaining an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences) and projecting an image in 360 ° omnidirectional. It is to provide a panoramic attachment optical system with good resolution.

The panorama attachment optical system of the present invention that achieves the above object is mounted on the incident side of an imaging lens having a positive power or the exit side of a projection lens having a positive power, and forms an image of 360 ° in all directions on the image plane. A panorama attachment optical system for projecting an image arranged on an image plane in all 360 ° directions,
It consists of a transparent medium that is rotationally symmetric around the central axis, and has at least one internal reflection surface and at least two refracting surfaces. Contrary to the order of travel, the light enters the transparent medium via the refracting surface of the entrance surface, is reflected in turn by the internal reflection surface, and exits from the transparent medium via the refracting surface of the exit surface. After that, it forms an image at a position off the center axis of the image plane,
The inner reflecting surface and the refracting surface both have a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis,
A light beam incident from a distance is imaged at least once within a cross section including the central axis, and is configured so as not to form an image in a plane orthogonal to the cross section and including the central ray of the light beam. It is characterized by that.

  In this case, it is desirable that a light beam incident from a distance passes through the inner surface reflecting surface and the refracting surface located only on one side with respect to the central axis in the transparent medium.

  Further, it is desirable that the light beam incident from a distance is imaged once in a cross section including the central axis and has one to four inner surface reflecting surfaces.

  In addition, it is desirable that the incident angle of the central ray of the central light beam incident from a distance to any of the inner surface reflection surfaces is 45 ° or less.

  Further, it is desirable that the imaging lens or the projection lens and the aperture forming the pupil are arranged coaxially with the central axis.

  Further, as an inner surface reflecting surface of at least one surface, a surface having a rotationally symmetric shape formed by rotating a line segment of an arbitrary shape having no symmetry surface around the central axis, or an arbitrary shape including an odd-order term It can be a surface having a rotationally symmetric shape formed by rotating a line segment around a central axis.

Further, when the optical path length between the entrance pupil position that is an image of the aperture forming the pupil and the aperture is A, and the optical path length between the entrance plane and the entrance pupil position is B,
3 <| A / B | (1)
It is desirable to satisfy

In the image plane, the direction of the plane including the central axis is the Y direction, the direction orthogonal to the plane is the X direction, and the focal lengths in the X direction and Y direction of the entire panorama attachment optical system are Fx and Fy, respectively. When
0.2 <Fx / Fy <5.0 (2)
It is desirable to satisfy

  According to the present invention described above, it is possible to obtain a 360 ° omnidirectional (all-round) image having a small size and good resolution, and a panorama attachment optical system for projecting an image in 360 ° omnidirectional.

  Hereinafter, the panorama attachment optical system of the present invention will be described based on examples.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along a central axis (rotation symmetry axis) in a state in which a panorama attachment optical system of Example 1 described later is mounted on the incident side of an imaging lens (ideal lens). It is a top view which shows the optical path in a panorama attachment optical system. The panorama attachment optical system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 according to the present invention is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20, and for example, forms an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (entire circumference) on the image plane 30 and captures it. The panoramic attachment optical system 10 is made of a transparent medium that is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 and includes at least one inner reflection surface 12 (one surface in the case of FIG. 1) and at least two refracting surfaces 11 and 13. It is what you have. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium of the panorama attachment optical system 10 through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is sequentially reflected by the inner reflection surface 12. (In the case of FIG. 1, since the inner reflection surface 12 is one surface, it is reflected once), and exits from the panorama attachment optical system 10 via the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and the aperture of the imaging lens 20 The image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 via 21. The panorama attachment optical system 10 has a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis 1, and its refracting surfaces 11 and 13 and the internal reflection surface 12 also have a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis 1.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 according to the present invention is configured so that the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance (the light beam 3U is a light beam incident from a far sky side and the light beam 3L is a light beam incident from a distant ground side) are panorama attachments. In the optical system 10, it passes through a reflecting surface and a refracting surface located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. With this configuration, it is possible to easily avoid the effective luminous flux passing through the panorama attachment optical system 10 from being interfered with particularly by a part of the reflecting surfaces, and to increase the observation angle of view in the central axis 1 direction. Is possible.

Further, the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the present invention forms at least one light beam 2, 3U, 3L incident from a distance within the cross section including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. 1 (in the case of FIG. 1, a transparent medium). 1 Kaiyuizo in position 4 near the inner), perpendicular to its cross-section in a plane including the center ray 2 ₀ second center beam 2 (and has a configuration which is not imaged in Figure 2). This is a result of the configuration in which the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance pass through the reflecting surface and the refracting surface that are located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Since the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance in the image form an image at least once, the image of the diaphragm 21 (incidence pupil) of the image forming lens 20 is also formed in or near the panorama attachment optical system 10. (In the case of FIG. 1, the image is formed near the position 5 in the transparent medium.) Since the beam diameter in the cross section including the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 is reduced, the panorama attachment is obtained. It is possible to reduce the effective diameter of the optical system 10 itself.

  Furthermore, it becomes possible to form an image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 in the vicinity of the entrance surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10, and the panorama attachment optical system 10 mainly follows the rotational symmetry axis 1. Unnecessary light that forms flare and ghost incident from the direction can be reduced, and an image with less flare can be observed (imaged).

  And since the internal reflection surface 12 in the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the present invention is a back mirror, the amount of aberration generated can be reduced.

  In addition, since decentration aberrations are likely to occur on the internal reflection surface 12, it is preferable that the angle of incidence on each internal reflection surface 12 is 45 ° or less.

  Here, the relationship between the number of reflections in the panorama attachment optical system 10, the number of imaging in the cross section including the rotational symmetry axis 1, and the image formed on the image plane 30 will be described. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, when the number of times of imaging in the cross section including the rotational symmetry axis 1 is one or odd and the number of reflections is one or odd, the image plane 30 In the same manner as an image taken with a fisheye lens, the zenith direction is directed toward the center of the image, and the horizon is an outer circle. If the number of imaging is 2 or even and the number of reflections is 1 or odd, the image formed on the image plane 30 is opposed to the direction in which the zenith direction is away from the center. , The horizon becomes an inner circle. When the number of times of image formation is two times or even number of times and the number of times of reflection is one time or odd number of times, the image formed on the image plane 30 is directed in a direction in which the zenith direction is away from the center, and the horizon is It becomes an inner circle. When the number of times of image formation is two times or an even number of times and the number of times of reflection is two times or an even number of times, the zenith direction is directed toward the center of the image, and the horizon is an outer circle. Therefore, especially when the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle, the image is processed electronically so that the zenith direction faces the center of the image and the horizon is the outer circle. If the conversion is not performed, the obtained image is a mirror image of the actual omnidirectional image.

  However, the above examination is performed when the image plane 30 looks up at the zenith direction. For example, in an arrangement in which the image plane 30 looks down on the ground as in the seventh embodiment of FIG. The positional relationship between the zenith direction and the horizon is reversed. There is no change in the normal image and the mirror image of the image formed on the image plane 30.

  Examples 1 to 14 of the panorama attachment optical system according to the present invention will be described below. The configuration parameters of these panorama attachment optical systems will be described later. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the configuration parameters of these embodiments are based on the result of tracking the normal ray from the object plane at infinity to the image plane 30 through the panoramic attachment optical system 10 and the imaging lens 20 including an ideal lens. Is.

  First, in Examples 1-5, in forward ray tracing, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the center of the image plane 30 is set as the origin of the decentered optical surface of the decentered optical system, and light with a rotationally symmetric axis (center axis) 1 is used. The direction along the direction of travel is defined as the positive Z-axis direction, and the plane of FIG. 1 is defined as the YZ plane. A direction in which light travels from an infinitely distant object plane in FIG. 1 is a Y-axis positive direction, and an axis constituting the Y-axis and Z-axis and the right-handed orthogonal coordinate system is an X-axis positive direction.

  For the decentered surface, the amount of decentering from the center of the origin of the optical system in the coordinate system in which the surface is defined (X axis direction, Y axis direction, and Z axis direction are X, Y, and Z, respectively) The inclination angles (α, β, γ (°), respectively) of the coordinate system defining each surface centered on the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis of the coordinate system defined at the origin are given. In this case, positive α and β mean counterclockwise rotation with respect to the positive direction of each axis, and positive γ means clockwise rotation with respect to the positive direction of the Z axis. Note that the α, β, and γ rotations of the central axis of the surface are performed by rotating the coordinate system defining each surface counterclockwise around the X axis of the coordinate system defined at the origin of the optical system. Then rotate it around the Y axis of the new rotated coordinate system by β and then rotate it around the Z axis of another rotated new coordinate system by γ. It is.

  Further, among the optical action surfaces constituting the optical system of each embodiment, when a specific surface and a subsequent surface constitute a coaxial optical system, a surface interval is given, in addition, the curvature radius of the surface, The refractive index and Abbe number of the medium are given according to conventional methods.

  It should be noted that a term relating to an aspheric surface for which no data is described in the constituent parameters described later is zero. The refractive index and the Abbe number are shown for the d-line (wavelength 587.56 nm). The unit of length is mm. The eccentricity of each surface is expressed by the amount of eccentricity from the image surface 30 as described above.

  The aspheric surface is a rotationally symmetric aspheric surface given by the following definition.

^{Z = (Y 2 / R)} / [1+ {1- (1 + k) Y 2 / R 2} 1/2]
+ AY ⁴ + bY ⁶ + cY ⁸ + dY ¹⁰ +...
... (a)
However, Z is an optical axis (axial principal ray) with the light traveling direction being positive, and Y is a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Here, R is a paraxial radius of curvature, k is a conic constant, a, b, c, d,... Are fourth-order, sixth-order, eighth-order, and tenth-order aspherical coefficients, respectively. The Z axis of this defining formula is the axis of a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface.

The toric surface includes an X toric surface and a Y toric surface, which are defined by the following equations, respectively. A straight line passing through the origin of the surface shape and perpendicular to the optical surface is the axis of the toric surface. Taking the XYZ Cartesian coordinate system with respect to the origin of the surface shape,
X toric surface
F (X) = Cx · X ² / [1+ {1− (1 + k) Cx ² · X ² } ^1/2 ] + aX ⁴ + bX ⁶ + cX ⁸ + dX ^10.
Z = F (X) + (1/2) Cy {Y ² + Z ² −F (X) ² } (b)
The curve F (X) is rotated around an axis parallel to the X axis through the center of the Y axis direction curvature Cy in the Z axis direction. As a result, the surface is aspheric in the XZ plane and circular in the YZ plane.

Y toric surface
F (Y) = Cy · Y ² / [1+ {1− (1 + k) Cy ² · Y ² } ^1/2 ] + aY ⁴ + bY ⁶ + cY ⁸ + dY ^10.
Z = F (Y) + (1/2) Cx {X ² + Z ² −F (Y) ² } (c)
The curve F (Y) is rotated around an axis parallel to the Y axis through the center of the X axis direction curvature Cx in the Z axis direction. As a result, the surface is aspheric in the YZ plane and circular in the XZ plane.

Here, Z is the amount of deviation from the tangent plane with respect to the origin of the surface shape, Cx is the X-axis direction curvature, Cy is the Y-axis direction curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and a, b, c, and d are aspherical coefficients. In addition, between the X-axis direction radius of curvature Rx, the Y-axis direction radius of curvature Ry, and the curvatures Cx, Cy,
Rx = 1 / Cx, Ry = 1 / Cy
Are in a relationship.

In the following Examples 1 to 5, the coordinate system defining each surface is separately illustrated for easy understanding (FIGS. 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15). In these figures, the central ray of the light beam 3U incident from the far sky side is 3U ₀ , and the central ray of the light beam 3L incident from the far ground side is 3L ₀ .

  Next, for Examples 6 and 11 in Examples 6 to 14, in forward ray tracing, the center of the image plane 30 is the origin of the decentered optical surface of the decentered optical system, and the rotational symmetry axis (center axis) 1 The direction opposite to the direction in which the light travels is defined as the positive direction of the Z axis, and the inside of the sheet of FIG. 16 (Example 6) is defined as the YZ plane. Then, the direction opposite to the direction in which the light travels from the infinite object plane in FIG. 6 is the Y axis positive direction, and the Y axis, the Z axis, and the axis constituting the right-handed orthogonal coordinate system are the X axis positive direction. . In other words, the positive and negative signs of the Y axis and Z axis are opposite to those of the first to fifth embodiments. Moreover, about Examples 7-10, 12-15, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are defined similarly to the case of Examples 1-5.

  About the eccentric surface, it defines similarly to the case of Examples 1-5.

  Further, among the optical action surfaces constituting the optical system of each embodiment, when a specific surface and a subsequent surface constitute a coaxial optical system, a surface interval is given, in addition, the curvature radius of the surface, The refractive index and Abbe number of the medium are given according to conventional methods.

  In addition, a term relating to an aspheric surface for which no data is described in the constituent parameters described later is zero. The refractive index and the Abbe number are shown for the d-line (wavelength 587.56 nm). The unit of length is mm. The eccentricity of each surface is expressed by the amount of eccentricity from the image surface 30 as described above.

  The aspherical surface is a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface given by the definition formula (a).

  Further, the Y-rotation free-form surface is defined by the following definition formula (d).

R (Y) = C ₁ + C ₂ Y ² + C ₃ Y ² + C ₄ Y ³ + C ₅ Y ⁴ + C ₆ Y ⁵ + C ₇ Y ⁶
+ ··· + C ₂₁ Y ²⁰ + ··· + C _{n + 1} Y ⁿ + ····
Z = ± R (Y) [1- {X / R (Y)} ² ] ^1/2 (d)
This Y rotation free-form surface is a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating the curve R (Y) around the Y axis. As a result, the surface becomes a free-form surface (free-form curve) in the YZ plane and a circle with a radius | C ₁ | in the XZ plane.

  A YZ sectional view including a rotationally symmetric axis (center axis) 1 in a state where the panorama attachment optical system 10 of Example 1 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens (ideal lens) 20 is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the optical path within the lens 10. A coordinate system for defining the surfaces 11, 12, and 13 is shown in FIG.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 made of an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, and the zenith direction is the center direction of the image. An image in which the direction and the horizon line is an outer circle is formed on the image plane 30, is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, is a single inner reflection surface 12 made of a Y toric surface, and a Y toric. It consists of a transparent medium consisting of a light entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 and a spherical exit surface (refractive surface) 13. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is oriented toward the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. It enters the medium, is reflected once by the inner reflection surface 12, exits from the panorama attachment optical system 10 via the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the aperture 21 of the imaging lens 20 to the center of the image surface 30. The image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction off the axis 1.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surface 12 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. The light beams 2, 3U, 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 2), not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image near the position 5 in the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 1 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.191mm
Image size φ2.42-φ3.07mm
It is.

  FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are views similar to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, respectively, of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the second embodiment.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, with the zenith direction away from the center. An image in which the direction and the horizon become an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is composed of two inner reflective surfaces 12 and 14 made of a Y toric surface; It consists of a transparent medium composed of an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y toric surface and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of an aspherical surface. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is oriented toward the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected twice by the inner reflection surface 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 in order, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 8) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image near the position 5 in the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of Example 2 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.587mm
Image size φ1.85 to φ3.69 mm
It is.

  FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 show views similar to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, respectively, of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the third embodiment.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, with the zenith direction away from the center. An image in which the direction and the horizon line is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, is a rotationally symmetric around the central axis 1, a single inner reflection surface 12 composed of a Y toric surface, and a Y toric surface. And a transparent medium comprising a surface that serves as both the incident surface (refractive surface) 11 and the inner reflection surface 14 and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 that is an aspherical surface. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. It enters the medium, is reflected twice in turn by the inner reflecting surface 14 which serves as the inner reflecting surface 12 and the refracting surface 11, goes out of the panorama attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and forms the imaging lens 20. The image is formed at a predetermined radial position away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 8) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the air near the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 3 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.571mm
Image size φ0.958 to φ2.331mm
It is.

  FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 are views similar to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, respectively, of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the fourth embodiment.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, with the zenith direction away from the center. An image in which the direction and the horizon line is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and the two internal reflection surfaces 12 and 14, which are Y toric surfaces, and Y It consists of a transparent medium comprising an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a toric surface and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of an aspherical surface. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected twice by the inner reflection surface 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 in order, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 11) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the air near the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 4 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.614mm
Image size φ1.58 to φ2.78 mm
It is.

  FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 show views similar to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the fifth embodiment.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 made of an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, and the zenith direction is the center direction of the image. An image in which the direction and the horizon become an outer circle is formed on the image plane 30, is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is a three-surface internal reflection surface 12, 14, 15 made of a Y toric surface. And a transparent medium comprising an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 composed of a Y toric surface and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 composed of a spherical surface. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected three times in order by the inner surface reflecting surface 12, the inner surface reflecting surface 14, and the inner surface reflecting surface 15, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the exit surface refracting surface 13, and forms the imaging lens 20 The image is formed at a predetermined radial position away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15 and the refracting surfaces 11, 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 14) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the air near the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 5 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.620mm
Image size φ1.32-φ3.40mm
It is.

  FIG. 16 is a YZ sectional view including a rotationally symmetric axis (center axis) 1 in a state where the imaging lens (ideal lens) 20 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of Example 6 is attached to the incident side. FIG. 17 is a plan view showing the optical path in the lens 10. Further, a perspective view showing the surface shape and the optical path of this embodiment is shown in FIG. In addition, the coordinate system taken with respect to the image surface 30 is entered in the YZ sectional view of FIG. same as below.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 made of an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, and the zenith direction is the center direction of the image. An image in which the direction and the horizon are in an outer circle is formed on the image plane 30, is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is rotated in the Y direction with one inner reflection surface 12 made of a Y rotation free-form surface. It consists of a transparent medium comprising an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a free-form surface and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of an aspherical surface. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. It enters the medium, is reflected once by the inner reflection surface 12, exits from the panorama attachment optical system 10 via the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the aperture 21 of the imaging lens 20 to the center of the image surface 30. The image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction off the axis 1.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surface 12 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 17) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 in the vicinity of the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of Example 6 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.58mm
Image size φ2.10 to φ5.23mm
It is.

  In the sixth embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the surfaces constituting the panorama attachment optical system 10 are the three surfaces 11, 12, and 13, so that the workability is good. In the direction orthogonal to the rotational symmetry axis 1, there is no optical system power. Therefore, it is preferable for aberration correction to transmit an infinite virtual image to the imaging lens 20 even in the plane including the rotational symmetry axis 1. Therefore, it is preferable that the first surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 is formed of a transmission surface and has a strong positive power. Thereby, it becomes possible to arrange the primary image in the rotational symmetry axis direction of the object on the object side from the inside of the panorama attachment optical system 10, and it becomes easy to transmit the object image at infinity on the other surface. Further, the reflecting surface 12 which is the second surface is mainly intended to relay the pupil, and the entrance pupil 5 can be arranged in the vicinity of the transmitting surface which is the first surface 11 on this surface. For this purpose, it is preferable to have a relatively strong positive power. The third surface 13 may be a transmissive surface having a positive power for transmitting the primary image formed in the panorama attachment optical system 10 to the imaging lens 20 as an afocal (infinity image). This is preferable for aberration correction.

  FIGS. 19 and 20 are views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17, respectively, of the panorama attachment optical system 10 according to the seventh embodiment.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 made of an ideal lens, and is an image of, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), and is arranged so that the image plane 30 looks down on the ground. Is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is in the center direction of the image and the horizon is an outer circle, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 and is composed of a Y-rotation free-form surface. From a transparent medium comprising an inner reflecting surface 12, an inner reflecting surface 14 made of an aspherical surface, an incident surface (refracting surface) 11 made of a Y rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refracting surface) 13 made of an aspheric surface. Become. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected twice by the inner reflection surface 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 in order, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 20) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 near the refractive surface 11 in the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 7 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.57mm
Image size φ2.33 to φ6.25mm
It is.

  The configuration of the present invention is basically the same as that of the sixth embodiment, in which the entrance pupil 5 is arranged in the vicinity of the first surface 11 that is the transmission surface, and the optical path is changed by the reflection surface 12 that is the second surface 12. By bending about 90 °, the optical system has been successfully reduced in size. In addition, since the optical path of the reflecting surface 12 is greatly bent, pupil aberration caused by decentration is likely to occur, so that a relatively strong positive power cannot be given. For this reason, it is preferable to give a relatively large power to the reflecting surface 14 which hits the next third surface in order to keep the decentration aberration good. The reason for this is that since the reflection surface of the third surface 14 has a relatively small optical path bending angle, the occurrence of decentration aberrations is small. Further, by arranging the primary image of the object in the vicinity of the first reflecting surface 12, it can be projected at infinity by the second reflecting surface 14, and transmitted to the imaging lens 20, so that it is possible to perform good aberration correction. Become.

  FIGS. 21 and 22 show views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17, respectively, of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the eighth embodiment.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and is an image of, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), and is arranged so that the image plane 30 looks up at the zenith. Is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 and is composed of a Y-rotation free-form surface. From a transparent medium comprising an inner reflecting surface 12, an inner reflecting surface 14 made of an aspherical surface, an incident surface (refracting surface) 11 made of a Y rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refracting surface) 13 made of an aspheric surface. Become. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected twice by the inner reflection surface 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 in order, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 22) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 near the refractive surface 11 outside the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 8 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ2.57 to φ5.93 mm
It is.

  The configuration of the present invention is basically the same as that of the sixth embodiment, in which the entrance pupil 5 is arranged in the vicinity of the first surface 11 that is the transmission surface, and the optical path is changed by the reflection surface 12 that is the second surface 12. By bending about 90 °, the optical system has been successfully reduced in size. In addition, since the optical path of the reflecting surface 12 is greatly bent, pupil aberration caused by decentration is likely to occur, so that a relatively strong positive power cannot be given. For this reason, it is preferable to give a relatively large power to the reflecting surface 14 which hits the next third surface in order to keep the decentration aberration good. The reason for this is that since the reflection surface of the third surface 14 has a relatively small optical path bending angle, the occurrence of decentration aberrations is small. Further, by arranging the primary image of the object in the vicinity of the first reflecting surface 12, it can be projected at infinity by the second reflecting surface 14, and transmitted to the imaging lens 20, so that it is possible to perform good aberration correction. Become.

  FIGS. 23 and 24 show views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the ninth embodiment, respectively.

  This embodiment is a panorama attachment optical system 10 similar to the second embodiment. The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 formed of an ideal lens, and is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional. An image of the entire circumference, in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 Thus, it is made of a transparent medium comprising two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 made of a Y rotation free-form surface, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected twice by the inner reflection surface 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 in order, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. The light beams 2, 3U, 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 24) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 near the reflecting surface 12 in the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 9 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ2.98 to φ5.13mm
It is.

  FIGS. 25 and 26 are views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the tenth embodiment, respectively.

  This embodiment is a panoramic attachment optical system 10 similar to the ninth embodiment, but differs in that the optical paths do not intersect within the panoramic attachment optical system 10.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, with the zenith direction away from the center. An image in which the orientation and the horizon line is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is composed of two internal reflection surfaces 12 and 14 that are Y-rotation free-form surfaces. , And a transparent medium having an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected twice by the inner reflection surface 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 in order, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 26) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 near the reflecting surface 12 in the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 10 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ2.83 to φ4.64mm
It is.

  FIGS. 27 and 28 show views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the eleventh embodiment, respectively.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 made of an ideal lens, and is an image of, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), and is arranged so that the image plane 30 looks down on the ground. Is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 and is composed of a Y-rotation free-form surface. Two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14, an inner reflecting surface 15 made of an aspherical surface, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) made of a Y-rotation free-form surface 13 and a transparent medium. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. The light enters the medium, is reflected three times in order by the inner surface reflecting surface 12, the inner surface reflecting surface 14, and the inner surface reflecting surface 15, exits from the panoramic attachment optical system 10 through the exit surface refracting surface 13, and forms the imaging lens 20 The image is formed at a predetermined radial position away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15 and the refracting surfaces 11, 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. In addition, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 28) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 in the vicinity of the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 11 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.65mm
Image size φ2.24 to φ5.90mm
It is.

  As in the fifth embodiment, the eleventh embodiment includes three reflecting surfaces 12, 14, and 15. Since there are many reflecting surfaces, the occurrence of aberration can be reduced. More preferably, the three reflecting surfaces 12, 14, and 15 are arranged in a positive, negative, and positive arrangement, thereby adopting a general triplet arrangement, and a field curvature (around the principal ray that does not depend on eccentricity). (Field curvature) can be reduced. More preferably, since the optical paths intersect in the panorama attachment optical system 10, the occurrence of decentration aberrations can be reduced by making the reflection angles of the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15 substantially equal. In addition, since sufficient aberration correction is possible on the reflecting surface, the power of the transmitting surface 12 corresponding to the fifth surface can be reduced. This does not give a strong power to the transmission surface where chromatic aberration is likely to occur, so that a preferable result is obtained in terms of aberration correction.

  FIGS. 29 and 30 are views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the twelfth embodiment, respectively.

  This embodiment is a panorama attachment optical system 10 similar to the third embodiment. The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 formed of an ideal lens, and is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional. An image of the entire circumference, in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 Thus, a single inner reflection surface 12 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and a surface that combines the inner-reflection surface 14, and an exit surface made of a Y-rotation free-form surface (Refractive surface) 13 and a transparent medium. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. It enters the medium, is reflected twice in turn by the inner reflecting surface 14 which serves as the inner reflecting surface 12 and the refracting surface 11, goes out of the panorama attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and forms the imaging lens 20. The image is formed at a predetermined radial position away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, 3L incident from a distance form an image once at a position 4 near the refractive surface 11 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in the plane including the center ray 2 ₀ 2 (Fig. 30) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the air on the object side with respect to the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 12 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.58mm
Image size φ2.94 to φ5.18mm
It is.

  In the twelfth embodiment, the transmission surface 11 that is the first surface of the panorama attachment optical system 10 and the reflection surface 14 that is the third surface are combined with one surface that is arranged at the same position in the same shape. In the case of action, it is arranged so as to be incident on the surface at an angle exceeding the critical angle, and by utilizing the total reflection action, it becomes possible to reflect the light beam without reflecting coating.

  FIGS. 31 and 32 show views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17, respectively, of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the thirteenth embodiment.

  The panorama attachment optical system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, with the zenith direction away from the center. An image in which the direction and the horizon line is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, and is a four-way inner reflection surface 12, 14, which is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 and is a Y-rotation free-form surface. 15, 16, a transparent medium including an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y rotation free-form surface and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. It enters into the medium, is reflected four times in order by the inner surface reflecting surface 12, the inner surface reflecting surface 14, the inner surface reflecting surface 15 and the inner surface reflecting surface 16, and exits from the panorama attachment optical system 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface. Then, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15, 16 and the refracting surfaces 11, 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. in a plane including a 2 ₀ (FIG. 32) is not imaged. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 in the vicinity of the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 11 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ3.07 to φ5.60mm
It is.

  The thirteenth embodiment includes four reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15, and 16. In this embodiment, the primary image can be mainly formed on the reflecting surface by arranging the primary image of the object between the reflecting surfaces, and the burden on the power of the transmitting surface 11 that is the first surface is reduced. In particular, it is preferable for generating chromatic aberration. Further, in particular, it is possible to arrange the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15, and 16 substantially in parallel, so that the perpendicular direction (zenith direction) of the image plane 30 is imaged without using the panorama attachment optical system 10. This is preferable when an optical system is arranged.

  FIGS. 33 and 34 are views similar to FIGS. 16 and 17, respectively, of the panorama attachment optical system 10 of the fourteenth embodiment.

  This embodiment has two internal reflection surfaces, and one of them is a panorama attachment optical system 10 similar to the embodiment 12 in the sense that it is a total reflection surface and also serves as a transmission surface. The attachment optical system 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 made of an ideal lens, and is an image of, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (entire circumference), the zenith direction is away from the center, and the horizon is inside. Is formed on the image plane 30. The exit surface (refractive surface) 13, which is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is composed of a Y-rotation free-form surface and the inner reflection surface 12 are combined. And a transparent medium comprising an inner reflection surface 14 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface and an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation-free-form surface. When the central axis 1 is directed vertically and the panorama attachment optical system 10 is directed to the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction passes through the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface and is transparent to the panorama attachment optical system 10. It enters the medium and is reflected twice in turn by the inner reflecting surface 12 and the inner reflecting surface 14 that also serve as the refracting surface 13, and then exits from the panorama attachment optical system 10 via the refracting surface 13 that serves as the reflecting surface 12. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20.

In this embodiment, the panoramic attachment optical system 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once at a position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. _An image is not formed in a plane including ₀ (FIG. 34). Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the air on the object side with respect to the refractive surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10.

The specification of this Example 14 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.58mm
Image size φ2.69 to φ6.12mm
It is.

  The configuration parameters of Examples 1 to 14 are shown below. In the table below, “YTR” indicates a Y toric surface, “ASS” indicates an aspheric surface, and “YRFS” indicates a Y rotation free-form surface. “IDL” indicates an ideal lens.

Example 1
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentric Refractive index Abbe number
1 ∞ (object surface) Eccentricity (1)
2 YTR [1] Eccentricity (2) 1.5163 64.1
3 YTR [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 12.82 Eccentricity (4)
5 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (5)
6 IDL eccentricity (6)
Image plane ∞
YTR [1]
Rx 19.74
Ry 163.97
k 0
YTR [2]
Rx 6.66
Ry -19.44
k -1.0267
a -0.3123 × 10 ^-3
b 0.1191 × 10 ^-6
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -39.11
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -19.74 Z -39.11
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y -6.66 Z -29.91
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -17.71
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.71
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.21
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 2
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentric Refractive index Abbe number
1 ∞ (object surface) Eccentricity (1)
2 YTR [1] Eccentricity (2) 1.5163 64.1
3 YTR [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 YTR [3] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [1] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YTR [1]
Rx 19.29
Ry 26.24
k 0
YTR [2]
Rx 5.54
Ry -119.40
k -4.8596
a -0.1128 × 10 ^-4
YTR [3]
Rx 49.04
Ry 66.93
k -1.1136
a 0.8469 × 10 ^-7
ASS [1]
R 0.2074 × 10 ^-5
k -1.7518
a -0.7777 × 10 ^-4
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -41.87
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -19.29 Z -41.87
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y -5.54 Z -56.11
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y -49.04 Z 19.20
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -48.25
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.20
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.70
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 3
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentric Refractive index Abbe number
1 ∞ (object surface) Eccentricity (1)
2 YTR [1] Eccentricity (2) 1.5163 64.1
3 YTR [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 YTR [1] Eccentricity (2) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [1] Eccentricity (4)
6 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (5)
7 IDL eccentricity (6)
Image plane ∞
YTR [1]
Rx 17.32
Ry 164.11
k -3376.0460
a 0.682813 × 10 ^-5
YTR [2]
Rx 8.77
Ry -14.56
k -1.0539
a 0.1483 × 10 ^-3
ASS [1]
R 0.1586 × 10 ^-31
k -1.2235
a -0.7285 × 10 ^-3
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -47.97
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -17.32 Z -24.26
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y -8.77 Z -42.12
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -27.97
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.62
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.12
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 4
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentric Refractive index Abbe number
1 ∞ (object surface) Eccentricity (1)
2 YTR [1] Eccentricity (2) 1.5163 64.1
3 YTR [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 YTR [3] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [1] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YTR [1]
Rx 17.11
Ry -34.45
k 0
YTR [2]
Rx 9.40
Ry -12.21
k -1.3085
YTR [3]
Rx 17.11
Ry 107.143
k 526.7861
ASS [1]
R 0.2074 × 10 ^-5
k -1.2235
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -46.63
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -17.11 Z -46.63
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y -9.40 Z -40.07
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y -17.11 Z -38.24
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -26.59
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.68
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.18
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 5
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentric Refractive index Abbe number
1 ∞ (object surface) Eccentricity (1)
2 YTR [1] Eccentricity (2) 1.5163 64.1
3 YTR [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 YTR [3] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 YTR [4] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
6 -11.93 Eccentricity (6)
7 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (7)
8 IDL eccentricity (8)
Image plane ∞
YTR [1]
Rx 12.57
Ry -79.55
k 0
YTR [2]
Rx 5.52
Ry -34.79
k 1.5640
a -0.3885 × 10 ^-4
YTR [3]
Rx 15.30
Ry 0.28
k -3.7837
a -0.1149 × 10 ^-3
YTR [4]
Rx 13.74
Ry 0.28
k -1.8975
a -0.1224 × 10 ^-4
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -31.51
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -12.57 Z -22.59
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y -5.52 Z -20.69
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y -15.30 Z -31.49
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y -13.74 Z -34.40
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -17.47
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.47
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.97
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 6
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1) 1 ∞ (Entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 ASS [1] Eccentricity (5)
5 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
6 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -3.5383 × 10 C ₂ 8.7111 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 1.7567 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.4169 × 10 C ₂ -1.0078 C ₃ -1.8279 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -2.8146 × 10 ^-4
ASS [1]
R 0.03
k -1.7097 × 10 ²³
a 2.1865 × 10 ^-5
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z 43.60
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y 35.20 Z 43.60
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 43.60
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 37.75
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 27.31
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 7.37
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 3.87
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 7
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 ASS [1] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [2] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -1.2852 × 10 C ₃ 4.5019 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -6.2300 C ₂ -8.6484 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -5.6275 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -4.3710 × 10 ^-3
ASS [1]
R 30.63
k -9.9408 × 10 ^-1
a 1.7365 × 10 ^-5
ASS [2]
R 5.64
k 0.0000
a 1.0508 × 10 ^-2
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -7.26
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y 11.69 Z -7.26
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.26
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -25.47
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -11.39
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.86
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.36
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 8
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 ASS [1] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [2] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.6070 × 10 C ₃ 1.4404 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.2742 × 10 C ₂ 9.7226 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.8719 × 10 ^-2
ASS [1]
R 60.70
k 0.0000
a 5.5059 × 10 ^-6
ASS [2]
R 10.59
k 0.0000
a -1.6602 × 10 ^-4
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -12.76
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -26.77 Z -12.76
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -12.76
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -32.60
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -19.84
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.32
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.82
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 9
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -3.0440 × 10 C ₂ -5.3356 × 10 ^-16 C ₃ 1.0000 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.3822 × 10 C ₂ 3.2869 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -5.0144 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -2.7077 × 10 C ₂ 1.0779 C ₃ 4.5428 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 1.2867 × 10 ^-3
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -1.7361 × 10 C ₂ 1.3428 C ₃ -1.2568 × 10 ^-1
C ₄ 7.1725 × 10 ^-3
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -43.04
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -18.69 Z -43.04
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -43.04
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -52.81
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -37.32
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.02
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.52
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 10
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (6)
6 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (7)
7 IDL eccentricity (8)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -1.6405 × 10 C ₂ 6.6473 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 2.0000 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.1082 × 10 C ₂ -3.7446 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -7.7055 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 4.7531 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -1.7643 × 10 C ₂ 2.5415 × 10 ^-2 C ₃ 1.1674 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 2.5568 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -1.4545 × 10 C ₂ 1.1254 C ₃ -8.0058 × 10 ^-2
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -47.29
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -12.73 Z -47.29
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -47.29
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -46.14
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -37.34
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -32.71
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.08
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.58
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 11
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [1] Eccentricity (6) 1.5163 64.1
6 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (7)
7 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (8)
8 IDL eccentricity (9)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.3906 × 10 C ₂ 1.2749 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 2.3851 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -2.4035 C ₂ 4.2282 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -2.1995 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 2.6644 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -1.2146 × 10 C ₂ 2.2395 C ₃ -1.5821 × 10 ^-1
C ₄ 1.1353 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -2.6985 C ₂ -1.3266 C ₃ 6.2969 × 10 ^-2
ASS [1]
R 42.83
k -1.0252
a 2.1854 × 10 ^-6
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z 17.94
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -23.77 Z 17.94
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 17.94
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 18.88
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 9.68
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 25.32
α -180.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 10.05
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 5.68
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [9]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 2.18
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 12
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.0957 × 10 C ₂ -1.4367 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -8.4858 × 10 ^-3
C ₄ 3.1420 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.8248 × 10 C ₂ -7.4474 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -3.1827 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -5.1999 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -1.6800 × 10 C ₂ 7.7566 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -7.4491 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 6.8835 × 10 ^-3
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -49.80
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -36.45 Z -49.80
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -42.97
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -50.09
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -37.49
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.36
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.86
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00

Example 13
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (6) 1.5163 64.1
6 YRFS [5] Eccentricity (7) 1.5163 64.1
7 YRFS [6] Eccentricity (8)
8 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (9)
9 IDL eccentricity (10)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -3.0515 × 10 C ₂ 1.5355 C ₃ 2.0000 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -2.5421 × 10 C ₂ -1.6454 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.6776 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 9.4176 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -3.0605 × 10 C ₂ -2.1550 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -7.1384 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -7.6576 × 10 ^-3
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -2.3115 × 10 C ₂ -3.8354 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.4435 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -2.2044 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [5]
C ₁ -2.9802 × 10 C ₂ -1.0856 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 3.9619 × 10 ^-3
C ₄ 8.1575 × 10 ^-5
YRFS [6]
C ₁ -2.3262 × 10 C ₂ 4.6529 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.1954 × 10 ^-2
C ₇ -2.5168 × 10 ^-8
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -75.86
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -30.46 Z -75.86
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -75.86
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -73.65
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -68.96
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -66.56
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -55.09
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -47.99
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [9]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.05
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [10]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.55
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 14
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.5486 × 10 C ₂ 2.5415 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 1.5770 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -9.8843 C ₂ 1.3864 C ₃ -3.8493 × 10 ^-2
C ₅ 7.5808 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -8.4191 C ₂ 6.0188 C ₃ 2.0124
C ₄ 5.2928 × 10 ^-1
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -17.54
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -28.19 Z -17.54
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -17.54
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -16.20
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -22.32
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.57
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.07
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

The following shows the incident angle to the internal reflecting surface of the center ray 2 ₀ of the center light beam 2 coming from afar in the Examples 1 to 14 a (°).

Example 1st reflective surface 2nd reflective surface 3rd reflective surface 4th reflective surface 1 54.424
2 13.852 18.151
3 22.523 47.435
4 27.240 54.479
5 27.692 31.127 50.004
6 60.647
7 40.855 9.934
8 44.194 13.766
9 18.195 10.755
10 32.758 54.742
11 20.432 22.586 17.606
12 32.489 60.989
13 32.772 29.955 38.778 53.570
14 49.275 22.905
.

  By the way, in the panorama attachment optical system of the present invention, as described above, the image (incidence pupil) 5 of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 in the YZ plane is displayed near the entrance surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10. In this way, it is possible to reduce unnecessary light that forms flare and ghosts that are incident on the panoramic attachment optical system 10 mainly from the direction along the rotational symmetry axis 1 and observe (imaging) images with less flare. It becomes possible to do.

Therefore, the optical path length (the distance multiplied by the refractive index) between the entrance pupil position 5 and the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is A, and the object-side incident surface (transmission surface) 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10 is incident on the incident surface. If the optical path length between pupil positions 5 is B,
3 <| A / B | (1)
It is desirable to satisfy the following conditional expression.

  This conditional expression represents the degree to which the entrance pupil 5 is arranged in the vicinity of the entrance surface 11 of the panorama attachment optical system 10. In the present invention, the entrance pupil 5 that is an image of the diaphragm 21 is projected on the object side only in the YZ plane, and the ghost or the like can be generated by positioning the entrance pupil 5 closer to the entrance surface 11 of the optical system. It is possible to effectively arrange the flare stop to prevent. Furthermore, the incident surface 11 can be made smaller, and the effective diameter of the surface can be taken, which is preferable in terms of aberration correction. In addition, it is possible to increase the number of reflecting surfaces and increase the angle of view in the Y direction. If the lower limit of 3 of the conditional expression (1) is exceeded, the entrance pupil 5 will be too far from the optical system first surface 11, the effective system of the first surface 11 will be large, and the angle of view in the Y direction cannot be increased. , Harmful flare light will increase.

More preferably,
10 <| A / B | (1-1)
It is desirable to satisfy the following conditional expression.

  The value of | A / B | in Examples 1 to 14 is shown below.

Example | A / B |
1 14.908
2 76.954
3 131.418
4 121.100
5 16.711
6 395.776
7 52.613
8 119.577
9 8.606
10 16.095
11 749.177
12 5.398
13 2162.878
14 20.391
.

Next, assuming that the focal lengths in the X direction and the Y direction of the entire panorama attachment optical system 10 are Fx and Fy, respectively.
0.2 <Fx / Fy <5.0 (2)
It is desirable to satisfy the following conditional expression.

  Regardless of whether the lower limit of 0.2 of the conditional expression (2) is exceeded or the upper limit of 5.0 is exceeded, the position of the virtual image of the object transmitted from the panorama attachment optical system 10 with respect to the imaging lens 20 is the sagittal direction. Astigmatism occurs in the meridional direction. It is not easy to correct this with the rotationally symmetric imaging lens 20, which is not easy and is not preferable.

  The values of Fx / Fy of Examples 6 to 14 are shown below.

Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10
Fx / Fy 1.1625 0.6330 0.7273 4.5274 9.0335

Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14
Fx / Fy 0.5439 3.2733 1.1472 0.6057
.

  By the way, it is preferable to arrange at least two reflecting surfaces having positive power in the Y direction as in Examples 7 to 10 and 14 described above. When positive and negative powers are given to the reflecting surface in order from the object side as in the conventional “chameleon eye”, the overall focal length becomes a telephoto type with respect to the entire length, and the entire length cannot be shortened. On the other hand, if the arrangement is positive as in these embodiments, the overall length can be shortened.

  More preferably, as in the eleventh and twelfth embodiments, it is possible to shorten the main point interval by arranging positive and negative.

  On the other hand, since the power in the X direction is rotationally symmetric with respect to the Y axis, it is determined by the position of the surface, and there is little freedom. Therefore, the power arrangement in the Y direction becomes more important.

  Below, the 1st permeation | transmission surface of Examples 6-14 and the power of the Y direction and X direction of each reflective surface are shown.

Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10
Y direction power first transmission surface 0.241 0.465 0.149 0.010 0.248
First reflective surface 0.157 0.451 0.158 0.320 0.499
Second reflecting surface 0.155 0.092 0.405 0.071

X direction power first transmission surface 0.011 0.040 0.020 0.017 0.026
First reflective surface -0.151 -0.368 -0.171 -0.208 -0.256
Second reflecting surface 0.109 0.061 0.076 0.172

Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14
Y direction power first transmission surface 0.248 -0.002 0.378 0.168
First reflective surface 0.145 0.241 0.103 0.399
Second reflecting surface -2.354 -0.052 -0.443 74.447
Third reflective surface 0.085 0.094
Fourth reflective surface 0.024

X direction power first transmission surface 0.021 0.023 0.009 0.020
First reflective surface -1.162 -0.133 -0.118 -0.179
Second reflecting surface 0.102 0.143 0.097 0.059
Third reflective surface 0.074 -0.122
Fourth reflective surface 0.101
.

  The panorama attachment optical system of the present invention has been described as an imaging or observation optical system that obtains 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumference) images with the central axis (rotation symmetry axis) in the vertical direction. The projection optical system is not limited to the photographing optical system and the observation optical system, and can be used as a projection optical system that projects an image in all 360 ° directions (all circumferences) with the optical path reversed. The endoscope can also be used as an attachment optical system for an in-tube observation apparatus.

  Hereinafter, as an application example of the panorama attachment optical system of the present invention, the panorama photographing optical system 31 or the panorama projection optical configured by mounting the panorama attachment optical system of the present invention on the incident side of the imaging lens or on the exit side of the projection lens. A usage example of the system 32 will be described. FIG. 35 is a diagram for illustrating an example in which the panoramic imaging optical system 31 according to the present invention is used as the imaging optical system at the distal end of the endoscope. FIG. 35 (a) illustrates the present invention at the distal end of the rigid endoscope 41. This is an example in which a panoramic imaging optical system 31 is attached and 360 ° omnidirectional images are taken and observed. FIG. 35B shows a panoramic photographing optical system 31 according to the present invention attached to the tip of the soft electronic endoscope 42, and the image photographed on the display device 43 is subjected to image processing to correct the distortion and displayed. This is an example.

  In FIG. 36, a plurality of panoramic photographing optical systems 31 according to the present invention are attached to the corners and the top of the automobile 48 as photographing optical systems, and images processed through the respective panoramic photographing optical systems 31 are subjected to image processing on a display device in a vehicle. This is an example in which distortion is corrected and displayed simultaneously.

  In FIG. 37, the panorama projection optical system 32 according to the present invention is used as the projection optical system of the projection device 44, a panorama image is displayed on the display element arranged on the image plane, and is arranged in all 360 ° directions through the panorama projection optical system 32. This is an example in which a 360 ° omnidirectional image is projected and displayed on the screen 45.

  In FIG. 38, an imaging device 49 using the panoramic imaging optical system 31 according to the present invention is attached to the outside of a building 47, and a projection device 44 using the panoramic projection optical system 32 according to the present invention is disposed indoors. It connects so that the imaged image may be sent to the projection device 44 via the electric wire 46. In such an arrangement, a 360 ° omnidirectional outdoor subject O is photographed by the photographing device 49 via the panoramic photographing optical system 31, and the video signal is sent to the projecting device 44 via the electric wire 46 and arranged on the image plane. In this example, the image is displayed on the display element, and the image O ′ of the subject O is projected and displayed on an indoor wall surface or the like through the panorama projection optical system 32.

FIG. 3 is a YZ cross-sectional view including a rotationally symmetric axis in a state where the panorama attachment optical system according to the first embodiment of the present invention is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an optical path in the panorama attachment optical system of Example 1. It is a figure which shows the coordinate system which defines each surface of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 1. It is a figure similar to FIG. 1 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 2 of this invention. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 2. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 2. It is a figure similar to FIG. 1 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 3 of this invention. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 3. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 3. It is a figure similar to FIG. 1 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 4 of this invention. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 4. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 4. It is a figure similar to FIG. 1 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 5 of this invention. FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a panorama attachment optical system of Example 5. FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 5. It is YZ sectional drawing containing the rotational symmetry axis of the state which mounted | wore the incident side of the imaging lens with the panorama attachment optical system of Example 6 of this invention. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an optical path in a panorama attachment optical system of Example 6. It is a see-through | perspective perspective view which shows the surface shape and optical path of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 6. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 7 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 7. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 8 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 8. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 9 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 9. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 10 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 10. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 11 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 11. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 12 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 12. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 13 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 13. It is a figure similar to FIG. 16 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 14 of this invention. FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17 of the panorama attachment optical system of Example 14. It is a figure for showing the example which used the panorama imaging | photography optical system by this invention as an imaging | photography optical system of the endoscope front-end | tip. It is a figure for showing the example using the panorama imaging optical system by the present invention as an imaging optical system in each corner and top of a car. It is a figure for showing the example using the panorama projection optical system by this invention as a projection optical system of a projector. It is a figure for showing the example which image | photographs an outdoor to-be-photographed object via the panorama imaging | photography optical system by this invention, and is projected and displayed indoors through the panorama projection optical system by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Center axis (axis of rotational symmetry)
2. Central beam 2 ₀ incident from a distance 2 ₀ Central beam 3 U of a central beam 3 U ₀ incident from a far sky side Central beam 3 L of a beam incident from a far sky side A light beam incident from a far ground side 3L ₀ ... Central ray 4 of light beam incident from a distant ground side 5. Image formation position 5 of the light beam. Image formation position 10 of the entrance pupil. Panorama attachment optical system 11. Refractive surface (incidence surface)
12, 14, 15, 16 ... inner reflective surface 13 ... refracting surface (exit surface)
20 ... Imaging lens (ideal lens)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 ... Imaging lens aperture 30 ... Image plane 31 ... Panoramic imaging optical system 32 ... Panoramic projection optical system 41 ... Rigid endoscope 42 ... Soft electronic endoscope 43 ... Display device 44 ... Projection device 45 ... Screen 46 ... Electric wire 47 ... Building 48 ... Automobile 49 ... Shooting device O ... Subject O '... Subject image

Claims (8)

A 360 ° omnidirectional image is formed on the image plane by attaching it to the incident side of the imaging lens having positive power or the exit side of the projection lens having positive power. A panoramic attachment optical system that projects onto
It consists of a transparent medium that is rotationally symmetric around the central axis, and has at least one internal reflection surface and at least two refracting surfaces. Contrary to the order of travel, the light enters the transparent medium via the refracting surface of the entrance surface, is reflected in turn by the internal reflection surface, and exits from the transparent medium via the refracting surface of the exit surface. After that, it forms an image at a position off the center axis of the image plane,
The inner reflecting surface and the refracting surface both have a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis,
A light beam incident from a distance is imaged at least once within a cross section including the central axis, and is configured so as not to form an image in a plane orthogonal to the cross section and including the central ray of the light beam. ,
When the optical path length between the entrance pupil position that is an image of the aperture forming the pupil and the aperture is A, and the optical path length between the entrance plane and the entrance pupil position is B,
3 <| A / B | (1)
The panoramic attachment optical system characterized that you satisfy. 2. The panorama attachment optical system according to claim 1, wherein a light beam incident from a distance passes through the inner reflecting surface and the refracting surface located only on one side with respect to a central axis in the transparent medium. The panoramic attachment optical system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light beam incident from a distance is imaged once within a cross section including the central axis, and has one to four internal reflection surfaces. The panorama attachment optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an incident angle of a central light beam of a central light beam incident from a distance to any of the inner reflection surfaces is 45 ° or less. 5. The panorama attachment optical system according to claim 1, wherein an aperture that forms a pupil with the imaging lens or the projection lens is disposed coaxially with the central axis. The at least one inner reflection surface has a rotationally symmetric shape formed by rotating an arbitrary-shaped line segment having no symmetry plane around the central axis. The panorama attachment optical system described in the item. The at least one inner reflection surface has a rotationally symmetric shape formed by rotating an arbitrary-shaped line segment including an odd-order term around a central axis. The described panorama attachment optical system. In the image plane, when the direction of the plane including the central axis is the Y direction, the direction orthogonal to the plane is the X direction, and the focal lengths in the X direction and Y direction of the entire panorama attachment optical system are Fx and Fy, respectively.
0.2 <Fx / Fy <5.0 (2)
The panorama attachment optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein:

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