JP4489553B2 - Optical system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an optical system, and more particularly, to an optical system capable of simultaneously capturing an image near the zenith and a 360 ° full circumference image, or projecting an image near the zenith and 360 ° full circumference. The present invention relates to an optical system suitable for an all-sky camera or an all-sky projector having a full angle of view of 220 °.

Conventionally, as an optical system capable of simultaneously capturing an image near the zenith and an image of 360 ° all around using one image sensor, a rotating mirror such as a convex mirror or a hyperboloid mirror to capture an image of 360 ° all around In order to capture an image near the zenith, a lens system provided with an aperture in the center of the convex mirror or rotating mirror is used, and the captured 360 ° all-round image and the image near the zenith are shared. Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been known to simultaneously form images on the same imaging surface through the lens system.
JP 2002-341409 A JP 2002-33943 A

  However, none of the conventional examples described above can obtain an image with good resolving power because only one rotating mirror is used to capture an image of the entire 360 ° circumference.

  Furthermore, a large rotating mirror has to be used, resulting in a problem that the entire optical system becomes large.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optical system capable of simultaneously photographing an image near the zenith and an image around 360.degree. Is to provide a system.

  The optical system of the present invention that achieves the above object includes a first optical system that captures an image in the vicinity of the zenith, and a second optical system that surrounds the first optical system and captures an image of 360.degree. The first optical system and the second optical system are configured in a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis, and the first optical system and the second optical system are the imaging optical system. In this case, the aperture forming the pupil and the imaging lens are shared on the image plane side in the order in which the light beam advances, and the image formed by the two optical systems is received by a common image plane. The second optical system includes a transparent medium that is rotationally symmetric about the central axis, and the transparent medium has at least one internal reflection surface, at least two refractive surfaces, and at least one surface. The inner reflective surface of the lens consists of a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating a line segment that does not have a symmetric surface around the central axis. And it is characterized in that it is.

  Another optical system of the present invention includes a first optical system that captures an image in the vicinity of the zenith, and a second optical system that surrounds the first optical system and captures an image of the entire 360 ° circumference. The first optical system and the second optical system are configured in a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis, and the first optical system and the second optical system are light beams in the case of a projection optical system. Contrary to the order of travel, the aperture and the imaging lens that form the pupil are shared on the image plane side, and the image formed by the two optical systems is received by a common image plane. The second optical system includes a transparent medium that is rotationally symmetric about the central axis, and the transparent medium has at least one internal reflection surface, at least two refractive surfaces, and at least one The internal reflection surface of the surface consists of a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating a line segment that does not have a symmetric surface around the central axis. And it is characterized in that they are.

  In these cases, at least one internal reflection surface of the transparent medium of the second optical system is formed by rotating a line segment having an arbitrary shape including an odd-order term around the central axis when expressed by a polynomial expression. It is desirable that it is composed of rotationally symmetric surfaces.

  The transparent medium preferably has two internal reflection surfaces and at least two refractive surfaces.

  In the second optical system, a light beam incident from a distance is imaged at least once within a cross section including the central axis, and is orthogonal to the cross section and includes a central ray of the light beam. Then, it can be configured not to form an image.

  Further, in the second optical system, a light beam incident from a distance can pass through the inner reflection surface and the refracting surface located only on one side with respect to the central axis in the transparent medium.

  In the second optical system, a light beam incident from a distance is imaged at least once in a cross section including the central axis and in a plane orthogonal to the cross section and including the central light beam of the light beam. It can be configured as such.

  In that case, in the second optical system, a light beam incident from a distance can pass through the inner reflecting surface and the refracting surface located on both sides of the central axis in the transparent medium.

  In the second optical system, it is desirable that an incident angle of a central light beam of a central light beam incident from a distance to any of the inner surface reflection surfaces is 45 ° or less.

  The first optical system is preferably composed of a refractive optical system that is rotationally symmetric about a central axis.

  In that case, a part of the refracting surfaces of the first optical system may also be used as at least one refracting surface of the second optical system.

  In the above, an image formed by the two optical systems can be an image having a total field angle exceeding 180 ° across the central axis.

  In the present invention, an image in the vicinity of the zenith and an image of the entire 360 ° circumference can be taken at the same time or projected back, and a small optical system with high resolving power can be provided.

  The optical system of the present invention will be described below based on examples.

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along the central axis (rotation symmetry axis) of the optical system of Example 1 to be described later of the present invention. First, based on this figure, the basic configuration of the optical system of the present invention is shown. explain. In addition, in FIG. 1, when configuring as an optical system that captures the vicinity of the zenith and the entire 360 ° circumference, care is required because the top is the ground and the bottom is the opposite of the heavens.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the optical system of the present invention includes a first optical system 50 that captures an image near the zenith, and a second that surrounds the first optical system 50 and captures an image of the entire 360 ° circumference. The first optical system 50 and the second optical system 60 are configured in a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis 1, and the first optical system 50 and the second optical system 60 The optical system 60 includes an aperture 21 and an imaging lens 20 that form a pupil on the image plane side, as opposed to the order in which light rays travel in the case of an imaging optical system, and the order in which light rays travel in the case of a projection optical system. The image formed by the two optical systems is formed on a common image plane 30. The second optical system 60 includes a transparent medium 10 that is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and the transparent medium 10 includes at least one inner reflection surface 12, 14, preferably two or more inner reflections. And a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating an arbitrary line segment having no symmetry plane around the central axis and having at least two refracting surfaces 11 and 13 and having at least one inner reflection surface. It consists of a surface.

  With such a configuration, it is possible to obtain an optical system that is capable of simultaneously capturing or projecting a reverse image near the zenith and an image of the entire 360 ° circumference with good resolution.

  In particular, in the second optical system 60, when the surface shape, the surface interval, and the like of the transparent medium 10 are configured so that the image (incidence pupil) 5 of the aperture 21 forms an image in the vicinity of the incident surface 11 of the transparent medium 10 ( In the case of FIG. 1, the image is formed in the vicinity of the position 5 in the transparent medium.) Since the light beam diameter in the cross section including the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the transparent medium 10 is reduced, the incidence of the second optical system 60 is performed. The effective system of the surface 11 can be reduced, and the optical system can be reduced in size. Furthermore, by making the incident surface 11 of the second optical system 60 small, it becomes possible to prevent the incidence of unnecessary light rays into the optical system, which is very effective in constructing an optical system with little flare. .

  In addition, it is possible to form a peripheral image of the entire periphery formed by the second optical system 60 on one image sensor around the image in the zenith direction formed by the first optical system 50. By processing a video signal from one image sensor, in the embodiment described later, it is possible to acquire an image of the entire sky in the range of 220 ° at a time. This makes it possible to greatly simplify the system as compared with a method of combining images acquired by arranging a plurality of cameras by image processing.

  The first optical system 50 may be a normal axisymmetric wide-angle lens system and may not form an intermediate image, or may form one or more intermediate images in the middle. In order to combine the first optical system 50 with the second optical system 60, it is important that the second optical system 60 and the optical path do not interfere with each other.

  Before describing the embodiment of the optical system of the present invention, the embodiment of the first optical system 50 and the embodiment of the second optical system 60 will be described. Examples 11 to 16 of the first optical system and Examples 21 to 32 of the second optical system are used, respectively. The configuration parameters of these optical systems will be described later. Note that the configuration parameters of these examples are based on the results of tracking normal rays from the object plane at infinity to the image plane 30 through these optical systems, as shown in FIG. 2, for example.

  In Examples 11 to 16 of the first optical system, the aspherical surface is a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface given by the following defining formula.

^{Z = (Y 2 / R)} / [1+ {1- (1 + k) Y 2 / R 2} 1/2]
+ AY ⁴ + bY ⁶ + cY ⁸ + dY ¹⁰ +...
... (a)
However, Z is an optical axis (axial principal ray) with the light traveling direction being positive, and Y is a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Here, R is a paraxial radius of curvature, k is a conic constant, a, b, c, d,... Are fourth-order, sixth-order, eighth-order, and tenth-order aspherical coefficients, respectively. The Z axis of this defining formula is the axis of a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface.

  Further, among the optical action surfaces constituting the optical system of each embodiment, when a specific surface and a subsequent surface constitute a coaxial optical system, a surface interval is given, in addition, the curvature radius of the surface, The refractive index and Abbe number of the medium are given according to conventional methods.

  It should be noted that a term relating to an aspheric surface for which no data is described in the constituent parameters described later is zero. The refractive index and the Abbe number are shown for the d-line (wavelength 587.56 nm). The unit of length is mm. The eccentricity of each surface is expressed by the amount of eccentricity from the image surface 30 as described above.

  In Examples 21 and 26 in Examples 21 to 32 of the second optical system, in forward ray tracing, the center of the image plane 30 is the origin of the decentered optical surface of the decentered optical system, and a rotationally symmetric axis ( The direction opposite to the direction along the light traveling direction of the central axis 1 is defined as the positive direction of the Z axis, and the inside of the sheet of FIG. 8 (Example 21) is defined as the YZ plane. In Example 21, the direction opposite to the direction in which light travels from the object surface at infinity in FIG. 8 is the Y axis positive direction. In Example 26, the direction of infinity in the sheet in FIG. The direction in which light travels from the object plane is defined as the Y axis positive direction, and the Y axis, the Z axis, and the axis constituting the right-handed orthogonal coordinate system are defined as the X axis positive direction. In Examples 22 to 25 and 27 to 32, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the center of the image plane 30 is the origin of the decentered optical surface of the decentered optical system, and the light of the rotationally symmetric axis (center axis) 1 is emitted. The direction along the traveling direction is the Z-axis positive direction, and the inside of FIG. 9 is the YZ plane. In the twenty-second embodiment, the direction opposite to the direction in which light travels from the infinitely far object plane in FIG. 9 is defined as the positive Y-axis direction. The direction in which light travels from an infinite object plane in the paper is defined as the Y-axis positive direction, and the Y-axis and Z-axis and the axis constituting the right-handed orthogonal coordinate system are defined as the X-axis positive direction.

  For the decentered surface, the amount of decentering from the center of the origin of the optical system in the coordinate system in which the surface is defined (X axis direction, Y axis direction, and Z axis direction are X, Y, and Z, respectively) The inclination angles (α, β, γ (°), respectively) of the coordinate system defining each surface centered on the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis of the coordinate system defined at the origin are given. In this case, positive α and β mean counterclockwise rotation with respect to the positive direction of each axis, and positive γ means clockwise rotation with respect to the positive direction of the Z axis. Note that the α, β, and γ rotations of the central axis of the surface are performed by rotating the coordinate system defining each surface counterclockwise around the X axis of the coordinate system defined at the origin of the optical system. Then rotate it around the Y axis of the new rotated coordinate system by β and then rotate it around the Z axis of another rotated new coordinate system by γ. It is.

  Further, among the optical action surfaces constituting the optical system of each embodiment, when a specific surface and a subsequent surface constitute a coaxial optical system, a surface interval is given, in addition, the curvature radius of the surface, The refractive index and Abbe number of the medium are given according to conventional methods.

  It should be noted that a term relating to an aspheric surface for which no data is described in the constituent parameters described later is zero. The refractive index and the Abbe number are shown for the d-line (wavelength 587.56 nm). The unit of length is mm. The eccentricity of each surface is expressed by the amount of eccentricity from the image surface 30 as described above.

  The aspherical surface is a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface given by the above definition formula (a).

  Further, the Y-rotation free-form surface is defined by the following definition formula (b).

R (Y) = C ₁ + C ₂ Y ² + C ₃ Y ² + C ₄ Y ³ + C ₅ Y ⁴ + C ₆ Y ⁵ + C ₇ Y ⁶
+ ··· + C ₂₁ Y ²⁰ + ··· + C _{n + 1} Y ⁿ + ····
Z = ± R (Y) [1- {X / R (Y)} ² ] ^1/2 (b)
This Y rotation free-form surface is a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating the curve R (Y) around the Y axis. As a result, the surface becomes a free-form surface (free-form curve) in the YZ plane and a circle with a radius | C ₁ | in the XZ plane.

  First, Examples 11 to 16 of the first optical system will be described.

  FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the central axis 1 of Example 11 of the first optical system. In Example 11 of the first optical system, in order from the object (zenith) side, a plano-concave negative lens L1, an image surface (aperture projection surface) 21 ′ of the diaphragm 21, a biconvex positive lens L2, and a convex surface on the object side. A negative meniscus lens and a biconvex positive lens, a positive meniscus lens L4 having a concave surface facing the object side, a positive meniscus lens L5 having a convex surface facing the object side, an aperture (aperture) 21, and an ideal lens. The image forming lens 20 is formed, and forms an intermediate image once between the biconvex positive lens L2 and the cemented lens L3. An aspherical surface is used as the image side surface of the positive meniscus lens L5. In order to combine with Example 22 of the second optical system, the surface number 12 (surface on the image plane side of the positive meniscus lens L5) in the configuration parameters is the exit surface (Example 22 of the second optical system). (Refractive surface) 13 and the same shape.

The specifications of Example 11 of the first optical system are as follows:
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Angle of view (half angle of view) 70 °
Entrance pupil diameter φ0.247mm
Image height 0.791mm
Focal length -0.725mm
It is. The minus focal length is due to the intermediate image being formed once.

  FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the central axis 1 of the twelfth embodiment of the first optical system. In Example 12 of the first optical system, in order from the object (zenith) side, a plano-concave negative lens L1, an image surface (aperture projection surface) 21 ′ of the diaphragm 21, a biconvex positive lens L2, and a convex surface on the object side. A negative meniscus lens and a biconvex positive lens, a cemented lens L3, a biconvex positive lens L4, a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side and a biconvex positive lens, a cemented lens L5, a biconvex positive lens L6, and an object side. Consisting of a positive meniscus lens L7 with a convex surface, an aperture (aperture) 21, and an imaging lens 20 represented by an ideal lens, in the vicinity of the position of the image side surface of the cemented lens L3, the cemented lens L5 and a biconvex positive lens An intermediate image is formed twice during L6. An aspherical surface is used as the image side surface of the positive meniscus lens L7. In order to combine with Example 22 of the second optical system, the surface number 17 (surface on the image plane side of the positive meniscus lens L7) in the configuration parameters is the exit surface (Example 22 of the second optical system). (Refractive surface) 13 and the same shape.

The specification of Example 12 of the first optical system is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Angle of view (half angle of view) 70 °
Entrance pupil diameter φ0.218mm
Image height 0.920mm
Focal length 0.887mm
It is.

  FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the central axis 1 of Example 13 of the first optical system. In Example 13 of the first optical system, in order from the object (zenith) side, a negative meniscus lens L1 having a convex surface facing the object side, a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side, and a convex surface facing the object side. This is represented by a cemented lens L2 of a negative meniscus lens, a negative meniscus lens L3 having a convex surface facing the object side, a biconvex positive lens L4, a positive meniscus lens L5 having a convex surface facing the object side, an aperture (aperture) 21, and an ideal lens. An intermediate image is not formed. An aspherical surface is used as the image side surface of the positive meniscus lens L5. In order to combine with Example 22 of the second optical system, the surface number 11 (image surface side surface of the positive meniscus lens L5) in the configuration parameters is the exit surface (Example 22 of the second optical system). (Refractive surface) 13 and the same shape.

The specifications of Example 13 of the first optical system are as follows:
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Angle of view (half angle of view) 70 °
Entrance pupil diameter φ0.526mm
Image height 1.194mm
Focal length 1.493mm
It is.

  FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the central axis 1 of Example 14 of the first optical system. In Example 14 of the first optical system, in order from the object (zenith) side, a plano-concave negative lens L1, an image surface (aperture projection surface) 21 ′ of the stop 21, a biconvex positive lens L2, and a biconvex positive lens L3. A biconvex positive lens L4, a cemented lens L5 of a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side and a biconvex positive lens, a cemented lens L6 of a biconcave negative lens and a biconvex positive lens, a biconvex positive lens L7, and a diaphragm (Aperture) 21 includes an imaging lens 20 represented by an ideal lens, and forms an intermediate image twice between the cemented lens L5 and the cemented lens L6 in the biconvex positive lens L3. In order to combine with Examples 24, 25, and 27 of the second optical system, the distance between the diaphragm 21 used in common with the final lens L7 is set to 10 mm so as not to interfere with the optical path of the second optical system.

The specifications of Example 14 of the first optical system are as follows:
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Angle of view (half angle of view) 70 °
Entrance pupil diameter φ0.249mm
Image height 0.795mm
Focal length 0.855mm
It is.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the central axis 1 of Example 15 of the first optical system. In Example 15 of the first optical system, in order from the object (zenith) side, a plano-concave negative lens L1, an image surface (aperture projection surface) 21 ′ of a stop 21, a biconvex positive lens L2, a biconvex positive lens, It is represented by a cemented lens L3 of a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image surface, a cemented lens L4 of a biconcave negative lens and a biconvex positive lens, a biconvex positive lens L5, and an aperture (aperture) 21 and an ideal lens. The image forming lens 20 is formed, and an intermediate image is formed once between the cemented lens L3 and the cemented lens L4. In order to combine with Example 29 of the second optical system, the interval of the diaphragm 21 used in common with the final lens L5 is set to 6 mm so as not to interfere with the optical path of the second optical system. Further, the total length from the first surface of the optical system to the image plane 30 is shortened to 23 mm so that the first optical system does not protrude from the second optical system.

The specifications of Example 15 of the first optical system are as follows:
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Angle of view (half angle of view) 70 °
Entrance pupil diameter φ0.297mm
Image height 0.894mm
Focal length -0.906mm
It is. The minus focal length is due to the intermediate image being formed once.

  FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the central axis 1 of Example 16 of the first optical system. In Example 16 of the first optical system, in order from the object (zenith) side, a plano-concave negative lens L1, an image surface (aperture projection surface) 21 'of the stop 21, and a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image surface side. L2, a cemented lens L3 of a biconvex positive lens and a biconcave negative lens, a positive meniscus lens L4 having a convex surface facing the image surface, a biconvex positive lens L5, and an aperture (aperture) 21 and a result represented by an ideal lens. An intermediate image is formed once between the cemented lens L3 and the positive meniscus lens L4. An aspherical surface is used as the image side surface of the biconvex positive lens L5. In addition, in order to combine with Example 31 of the second optical system, the final lens L5 has a thickness of 15 mm so as not to interfere with the optical path of the second optical system. Further, in order to share the final surface of the final lens L5 with the second optical system, it has the same shape as the exit surface (refractive surface) 13 of the second optical system.

The specification of Example 16 of the first optical system is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Angle of view (half angle of view) 70 °
Entrance pupil diameter φ0.345mm
Image height 0.890mm
Focal length -1.011mm
It is. The minus focal length is due to the intermediate image being formed once.

  Next, Examples 21 to 32 of the second optical system will be described.

  FIG. 8 shows a YZ sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis (center axis) 1 of Example 21 of the second optical system. In addition, the coordinate system taken with respect to the image surface 30 is entered in the YZ sectional view of FIG. same as below.

  In the second optical system of this embodiment, the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and the image is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences). An image is formed on the image plane 30 such that the direction is the central direction of the image and the horizon is an outer circle. The image is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1 and is formed of a Y-rotation free-form surface. The transparent medium 10 includes an inner surface 12, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of an aspherical surface. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented in the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is reflected by the inner surface. 12 is reflected once, exits the transparent medium 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and deviates from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. To form an image.

In this embodiment, the light passes through the reflecting surface 12 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. The light beams 2, 3U, 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. No image is formed in a plane including 2 ₀ . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 near the refractive surface 11.

The specification of this Example 21 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.58mm
Image size φ2.10 to φ5.23mm
It is.

  In Example 21, since the surfaces constituting the transparent medium 10 are the three surfaces 11, 12, and 13, workability is good. In the direction orthogonal to the rotational symmetry axis 1, there is no optical system power. Therefore, it is preferable for aberration correction to transmit an infinite virtual image to the imaging lens 20 even in the plane including the rotational symmetry axis 1. Therefore, it is preferable that the first surface 11 of this optical system is constituted by a transmission surface and at the same time has a strong positive power. As a result, a primary image in the direction of the rotational symmetry axis of the object can be arranged closer to the object than in the transparent medium 10, and it becomes easy to transmit an object image at infinity on the other surface. Further, the reflecting surface 12 which is the second surface is mainly intended to relay the pupil, and the entrance pupil 5 can be arranged in the vicinity of the transmitting surface which is the first surface 11 on this surface. For this purpose, it is preferable to have a relatively strong positive power. The third surface 13 is composed of a transmissive surface having a positive power for transmitting the primary image of the object formed in the transparent medium 10 to the imaging lens 20 as an afocal (infinite image). Above preferred.

  FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 22 of the second optical system. The second optical system of this embodiment is a 360-degree omnidirectional (all-round) image obtained by mounting the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens. The surface 30 is looked down on the ground, and an image is formed on the image surface 30 such that the zenith direction is in the center direction of the image and the horizon is an outer circle, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1. , An inner reflecting surface 12 made of a Y rotation free-form surface, an inner reflection surface 14 made of an aspheric surface, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) made of an aspheric surface. 13 and the transparent medium 10. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented toward the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is internally reflected. The light is reflected twice by the surface 12 and the internal reflection surface 14 in order, exits from the transparent medium 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and from the central axis 1 of the image surface 30 through the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20. An image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction.

In this embodiment, the light passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. No image is formed in a plane including 2 ₀ . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 near the refractive surface 11.

The specification of this Example 22 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.57mm
Image size φ2.33 to φ6.25mm
It is.

  In this embodiment, the entrance pupil 5 is arranged in the vicinity of the first surface 11 that is a transmission surface, and the optical system is further reduced in size by bending the optical path by about 90 ° at the reflection surface 12 that is the second surface 12. It has succeeded in making it. In addition, since the optical path of the reflecting surface 12 is greatly bent, pupil aberration caused by decentration is likely to occur, so that a relatively strong positive power cannot be given. For this reason, it is preferable to give a relatively large power to the reflecting surface 14 which hits the next third surface in order to keep the decentration aberration good. The reason for this is that since the reflection surface of the third surface 14 has a relatively small optical path bending angle, the occurrence of decentration aberrations is small. Further, by arranging the primary image of the object in the vicinity of the first reflecting surface 12, it can be projected at infinity by the second reflecting surface 14, and transmitted to the imaging lens 20, so that it is possible to perform good aberration correction. Become.

  FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of Embodiment 23 of the second optical system. The second optical system of this embodiment is a 360-degree omnidirectional (all-round) image obtained by mounting the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens. As an arrangement in which the surface 30 looks up to the zenith, an image in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image surface 30, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1. , An inner reflecting surface 12 made of a Y rotation free-form surface, an inner reflection surface 14 made of an aspheric surface, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) made of an aspheric surface. 13 and the transparent medium 10. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented in the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is reflected by the inner surface. 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 are sequentially reflected twice, exit the transparent medium 10 through the exit surface refracting surface 13, and deviate from the central axis 1 of the image surface 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. The image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction.

In this embodiment, the transparent medium 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. No image is formed in a plane including 2 ₀ . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 near the refractive surface 11 outside the transparent medium 10.

The specification of this Example 23 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ2.57 to φ5.93 mm
It is.

  In this embodiment, the entrance pupil 5 is arranged in the vicinity of the first surface 11 that is a transmission surface, and the optical system is further reduced in size by bending the optical path by about 90 ° at the reflection surface 12 that is the second surface 12. It has succeeded in making it. In addition, since the optical path of the reflecting surface 12 is greatly bent, pupil aberration caused by decentration is likely to occur, so that a relatively strong positive power cannot be given. For this reason, it is preferable to give a relatively large power to the reflecting surface 14 which hits the next third surface in order to keep the decentration aberration good. The reason for this is that since the reflection surface of the third surface 14 has a relatively small optical path bending angle, the occurrence of decentration aberrations is small. Further, by arranging the primary image of the object in the vicinity of the first reflecting surface 12, it can be projected at infinity by the second reflecting surface 14, and transmitted to the imaging lens 20, so that it is possible to perform good aberration correction. Become.

  A view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 24 of the second optical system is shown in FIG. In the second optical system of this embodiment, the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and the image is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences). An image in which the direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, which is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is composed of two Y-rotation free-form surfaces. The transparent medium 10 is composed of inner reflecting surfaces 12, 14, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 composed of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented in the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is reflected by the inner surface. 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 are sequentially reflected twice, exit the transparent medium 10 through the exit surface refracting surface 13, and deviate from the central axis 1 of the image surface 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. The image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction.

In this embodiment, the transparent medium 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. The light beams 2, 3U, 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. No image is formed in a plane including 2 ₀ . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the vicinity of the reflecting surface 12 in the transparent medium 10.

The specification of this Example 24 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ2.98 to φ5.13mm
It is.

  FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 25 of the second optical system. This embodiment is an optical system similar to the embodiment 24, but differs in that the optical paths do not intersect within the transparent medium 10.

  In the second optical system of this embodiment, the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and the image is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences). An image in which the direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, which is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is composed of two Y-rotation free-form surfaces. The transparent medium 10 is composed of inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented in the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is reflected by the inner surface. 12 and the inner reflection surface 14 are sequentially reflected twice, exit the transparent medium 10 through the exit surface refracting surface 13, and deviate from the central axis 1 of the image surface 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. The image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction.

In this embodiment, the transparent medium 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. No image is formed in a plane including 2 ₀ . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the vicinity of the reflecting surface 12 in the transparent medium 10.

The specification of this Example 25 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ2.83 to φ4.64mm
It is.

  FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 26 of the second optical system. The second optical system of this embodiment is a 360-degree omnidirectional (all-round) image obtained by mounting the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens. The surface 30 is arranged so as to look down on the ground, and the image in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image surface 30, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1. From the two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 made of the Y rotation free-form surface, the inner reflection surface 15 made of the aspheric surface, the incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of the Y rotation free-form surface, and the Y rotation free-form surface And a transparent medium 10 having an exit surface (refractive surface) 13. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented in the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is reflected by the inner surface. 12, the internal reflection surface 14, and the internal reflection surface 15 are sequentially reflected three times, exit the transparent medium 10 via the exit surface refracting surface 13, and pass through the aperture 21 of the imaging lens 20 to form the image surface 30. An image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1.

In this embodiment, the transparent medium 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15 and the refracting surfaces 11, 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. No image is formed in a plane including 2 ₀ . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the vicinity of the refractive surface 11 of the transparent medium 10.

The specification of this Example 26 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.65mm
Image size φ2.24 to φ5.90mm
It is.

  This Example 26 is composed of three reflecting surfaces 12, 14, and 15. Since there are many reflecting surfaces, the occurrence of aberration can be reduced. More preferably, the three reflecting surfaces 12, 14, and 15 are arranged in a positive, negative, and positive arrangement, thereby adopting a general triplet arrangement, and a field curvature (around the principal ray that does not depend on eccentricity). (Field curvature) can be reduced. More preferably, since they intersect within the transparent medium 10, the occurrence of decentration aberrations can be reduced by making the reflection angles of the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15 substantially equal. In addition, since sufficient aberration correction is possible on the reflecting surface, the power of the transmitting surface 12 corresponding to the fifth surface can be reduced. This does not give a strong power to the transmission surface where chromatic aberration is likely to occur, so that a preferable result is obtained in terms of aberration correction.

  FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 27 of the second optical system. In the second optical system of this embodiment, the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and the image is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences). An image in which the direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, which is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is a single surface composed of a Y-rotation free-form surface. A transparent medium 10 composed of an inner reflection surface 12, a surface that serves as both an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 and an inner reflection surface 14 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface. Consists of. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented in the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is reflected by the inner surface. Then, the light is reflected twice by the inner surface reflecting surface 14, which serves as both the surface 12 and the refracting surface 11, exits from the transparent medium 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the aperture 21 of the imaging lens 20. An image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1.

In this embodiment, the transparent medium 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once at a position 4 near the refractive surface 11 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. not imaged in a plane including a center ray 2 ₀ 2. Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 in the air on the object side of the refractive surface 11 of the transparent medium 10.

The specification of this Example 27 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.58mm
Image size φ2.94 to φ5.18mm
It is.

  In Example 27, the transmission surface 11 as the first surface of the transparent medium 10 and the reflection surface 14 as the third surface are shared by one surface having the same shape and the same position, and acts as a reflection surface. In some cases, it is possible to reflect the light beam without applying a reflective coating by arranging it so as to be incident on the surface at an angle exceeding the critical angle and utilizing the total reflection action.

  FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 28 of the second optical system. In the second optical system of this embodiment, the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and the image is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences). An image in which the direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, which is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is a four-plane Y-rotation free-form surface. It comprises a transparent medium 10 composed of inner reflective surfaces 12, 14, 15, 16, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented in the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and is reflected by the inner surface. 12, the internal reflection surface 14, the internal reflection surface 15, and the internal reflection surface 16 are sequentially reflected four times, go out of the transparent medium 10 through the exit surface refracting surface 13, and pass through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the transparent medium 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15, 16 and the refracting surfaces 11, 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once in the vicinity of the position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. No image is formed in a plane including 2 ₀ . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 forms an image at a position 5 in the vicinity of the refractive surface 11 of the transparent medium 10.

The specification of this Example 28 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.59mm
Image size φ3.07 to φ5.60mm
It is.

  The twenty-eighth embodiment is an embodiment having four reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15, and 16. In this embodiment, the primary image can be mainly formed on the reflecting surface by arranging the primary image of the object between the reflecting surfaces, and the burden on the power of the transmitting surface 11 that is the first surface is reduced. In particular, it is preferable for generating chromatic aberration. In particular, it is possible to arrange the reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 15, and 16 substantially in parallel, and another optical system that forms an image in the perpendicular direction (the zenith direction) of the image plane 30 without using this optical system. Preferred in the case of the present invention to be arranged.

  FIG. 16 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 29 of the second optical system. This example has two internal reflection surfaces, and one of them is a total reflection surface and is an optical system similar to Example 27 in the sense that it also serves as a transmission surface. The system is equipped with a rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 made of an ideal lens, and is an image of 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences), for example, with the zenith direction away from the center. An image in which the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, and the exit surface (refractive surface) 13, which is rotationally symmetric around the central axis 1, is formed of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and the inner reflection surface 12 includes a transparent medium 10 including a surface that also serves as a surface 12, an inner reflection surface 14 that is a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 that is a Y-rotation-free-form surface. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented toward the zenith, the central light beam 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refracting surface 11 of the incident surface and enters the refracting surface 13. Are reflected twice in order by the inner reflecting surface 12 and the inner reflecting surface 14, go out of the transparent medium 10 through the exit surface refracting surface 13 which also serves as the reflecting surface 12, and the aperture 21 of the imaging lens 20 is opened. Then, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction deviating from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30.

In this embodiment, the transparent medium 10 passes through the reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 and the refracting surfaces 11 and 13 located only on one side with respect to the central axis 1. Further, the light beams 2, 3U, and 3L incident from a distance form an image once at a position 4 in the cross-sectional view including the rotational symmetry axis 1 in FIG. _No image is formed in a plane including _zero . Further, the image (incidence pupil) of the stop 21 of the imaging lens 20 is formed at a position 5 in the air on the object side of the refractive surface 11 of the transparent medium 10.

The specification of this Example 29 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.58mm
Image size φ2.69 to φ6.12mm
It is.

  FIG. 17 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 30 of the second optical system. In the second optical system of this embodiment, the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and the image is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences). An image in which the direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30, which is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, and is composed of two Y-rotation free-form surfaces. The transparent medium 10 is composed of inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of a spherical surface. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented toward the zenith, the central luminous flux 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and the central axis 1 Is reflected by the inner surface reflecting surface 12 opposite to the incident surface 11, reflected again by the inner surface reflecting surface 14 on the same side as the incident surface 11, and exits from the transparent medium 10 through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface. Thus, an image is formed at a predetermined position in the radial direction away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20.

  In this embodiment, by disposing the second reflecting surface 14 on the opposite side of the first reflecting surface 12 with the central axis 1 interposed therebetween, the entire optical path can be made longer for the same size, which is preferable in terms of aberration correction. In addition, since the entrance pupil 5 is positioned in the vicinity of the first surface 11 that is a transmission surface, the effective diameter of the first surface 11 can be reduced, and into the optical system for unnecessary light that causes flare light. Can be minimized. Furthermore, the incident angle of the light beam on the first reflecting surface 12 can be reduced, and the decentration aberration generated on this surface can be minimized.

  In this embodiment, the decentration aberration is corrected by using a Y-rotation free-form surface for the incident surface 11 and the two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14.

  In the second optical system of this embodiment, the light-shielding absorption film 8 is applied to the second reflecting surface 14 on the zenith side of the transparent medium 10 and the non-optical surface therebetween, so that the light enters from the zenith side along the rotational symmetry axis 1. Therefore, it is possible to block unnecessary light that forms flare and ghost, and it is possible to observe (capture) an image with less flare.

The specification of this Example 30 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.57mm
Image size φ3.18 to φ5.34mm
It is.

  FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 31 of the second optical system. In the second optical system of this embodiment, the rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 that is an ideal lens, and the image is, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumferences). The image is formed on the image plane 30 such that the direction is the central direction of the image and the horizon is an outer circle. The two planes are Y-rotation free-form surfaces that are rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1. The transparent medium 10 is composed of inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14, an incident surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of an aspheric surface. When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented toward the zenith, the central luminous flux 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and the central axis 1 Is reflected upward by the inner surface reflecting surface 12 opposite to the incident surface 11, is reflected again by the inner surface reflecting surface 14 on the same side as the inner surface reflecting surface 12, passes through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the transparent medium 10. It goes outside and forms an image at a predetermined position in the radial direction away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20.

  In this embodiment, by arranging the second reflecting surface 14 on the opposite side (the same side as the first reflecting surface 12) with the incident surface 11 as a transmitting surface and the central axis 1 in between, the overall optical path length is short. However, the reflection angles of the light beams on the first reflecting surface 12 and the second reflecting surface 14 can be made substantially the same and 45 ° or less, and in particular, the occurrence of decentration aberrations can be reduced.

  In this embodiment, the decentration aberration is corrected by using a Y-rotation free-form surface for the incident surface 11 and the two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14.

  In the second optical system of this embodiment, a flare and a ghost incident from the zenith side along the rotational symmetry axis 1 are formed by applying the light-shielding absorption film 8 to the second reflecting surface 14 on the zenith side of the transparent medium 10. It is possible to block unnecessary light to be observed, and it is possible to observe (capture) an image with less flare.

  Further, in this embodiment, by making the powers in the Y direction of the two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 both positive, it is possible to shorten the focal length and increase the angle of view. Further, even at the same angle of view, the image height can be increased, the principal point of the transparent medium 10 can be brought closer to the imaging lens 20, the optical system can be downsized, Y-direction pupil relay becomes easy and high performance is easily obtained.

  Since the power in the X direction is rotationally symmetric with respect to the Y axis, it is determined by the position of the surface, and the degree of freedom is small. Therefore, the power arrangement in the Y direction becomes even more important.

The specification of this Example 31 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.58mm
Image size φ2.14 to φ6.02mm
It is.

  A view similar to FIG. 8 of the embodiment 32 of the second optical system is shown in FIG. The second optical system of this embodiment is similar to that of Embodiment 31, and a rotationally symmetric transparent medium 10 is mounted on the incident side of the imaging lens 20 formed of an ideal lens, for example, 360 ° omnidirectional (all An image of which the zenith direction is in the center direction of the image and the horizon is an outer circle on the image plane 30, and is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 1, It consists of a transparent medium 10 comprising two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14 made of a Y rotation free-form surface, an entrance surface (refractive surface) 11 made of a Y-rotation free-form surface, and an exit surface (refractive surface) 13 made of a spherical surface. . When the central axis 1 is oriented in the vertical direction and the optical system is oriented toward the zenith, the central luminous flux 2 incident from a far distance in the horizontal direction enters the transparent medium 10 via the refractive surface 11 of the incident surface, and the central axis 1 Is reflected upward by the inner surface reflecting surface 12 opposite to the incident surface 11, is reflected again by the inner surface reflecting surface 14 on the same side as the inner surface reflecting surface 12, passes through the refracting surface 13 of the exit surface, and passes through the transparent medium 10. It goes outside and forms an image at a predetermined position in the radial direction away from the central axis 1 of the image plane 30 through the diaphragm 21 of the imaging lens 20.

  In this embodiment, by arranging the second reflecting surface 14 on the opposite side (the same side as the first reflecting surface 12) with the incident surface 11 as a transmitting surface and the central axis 1 in between, the overall optical path length is short. However, the reflection angles of the light beams on the first reflecting surface 12 and the second reflecting surface 14 can be made substantially the same and 45 ° or less, and in particular, the occurrence of decentration aberrations can be reduced. Furthermore, since the transmission surface 11 as the first surface is disposed closer to the image surface 30 than the first reflection surface 12 and the second reflection surface 14, the height of the optical system in the direction of the central axis 1 can be kept low. Become.

  In this embodiment, the decentration aberration is corrected by using a Y-rotation free-form surface for the incident surface 11 and the two inner reflecting surfaces 12 and 14.

  In the second optical system of this embodiment, the light shielding / absorbing film 8 is applied to all of the zenith side from the incident surface 11 of the transparent medium 10 to form flare and ghost incident from the zenith side along the rotational symmetry axis 1. Unnecessary light can be shielded, and an image with less flare can be observed (captured).

The specification of this Example 32 is
Focal length of ideal lens 20 3.5mm
Horizontal field of view 360 °
Vertical angle of view ± 20 °
Entrance pupil diameter 0.52mm
Image size φ 2.17 to φ 5.09 mm
It is.

  The configuration parameters of Examples 11 to 16, 21 to 32 are shown below. In the table below, “YRFS” indicates a Y rotation free-form surface, and “ASS” indicates an aspheric surface. “IDL” indicates an ideal lens.

[First optical system]
Example 11
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ ∞
1 ∞ 0.70 1.4875 70.4
2 0.68 0.82
3 ∞ (aperture projection plane) 0.20
4 7.91 0.75 1.6317 58.1
5 -1.18 0.20
6 2.75 0.50 1.7502 33.2
7 1.01 1.00 1.5665 43.7
8 -2.75 3.83
9 -21.15 1.28 1.5163 64.1
10 -3.23 0.20
11 3.98 5.00 1.5163 64.1
12 ASS [1] 3.52
13 ∞ (Aperture) 3.50
14 IDL 4.36
Image plane ∞
ASS [1]
R 5.64
k 0.0000
a 1.0508 × 10 ⁻² .

Example 12
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ ∞
1 ∞ 0.70 1.6020 46.8
2 0.57 1.62
3 ∞ (aperture projection plane) 0.20
4 15.02 0.70 1.6482 55.4
5 -1.22 2.29
6 1.62 0.50 1.7552 27.6
7 0.95 1.00 1.5441 48.7
8 -3.09 2.90
9 2.15 0.70 1.5163 64.1
10 -23.22 0.38
11 2.46 0.74 1.7468 27.9
12 0.66 0.73 1.5914 61.9
13 -2.71 7.14
14 50.34 1.17 1.5163 64.1
15 -4.05 0.20
16 3.63 5.00 1.5163 64.1
17 ASS [1] 3.52
18 ∞ (Aperture) 3.50 19 IDL 4.36
Image plane ∞
ASS [1]
R 5.64
k 0.0000
a 1.0508 × 10 ⁻² .

Example 13
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ ∞
1 30.00 1.00 1.6049 48.0
2 12.00 3.00
3 18.00 4.00 1.7552 27.6
4 50.00 1.00 1.5317 51.8
5 5.00 3.00
6 20.00 1.00 1.5163 64.1
7 3.00 5.00
8 15.00 1.50 1.5163 64.1
9 -15.00 0.50
10 5.00 5.00 1.5163 64.1
11 ASS [1] 3.52
12 ∞ (Aperture) 3.50
13 IDL 4.36
Image plane ∞
ASS [1]
R 5.64
k 0.0000
a 1.0508 × 10 ⁻² .

Example 14
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ ∞
1 ∞ 0.70 1.4875 70.4
2 0.47 1.29
3 ∞ (aperture projection plane) 0.20
4 5.74 0.70 1.6307 58.3
5 -1.10 0.97
6 2.02 2.58 1.6684 32.2
7 -2.31 1.83
8 2.44 0.70 1.6161 60.5
9 -3.68 0.20
10 2.67 0.70 1.7552 27.6
11 0.55 1.28 1.6204 60.3
12 -1.75 5.86
13 -20.84 0.70 1.7552 27.6
14 4.76 1.97 1.4875 70.4
15 -4.13 0.20
16 7.36 1.63 1.7130 47.5
17 -11.61 10.00
18 ∞ (aperture) 3.50 19 IDL 2.68 Image plane ∞.

Example 15
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ ∞
1 ∞ 0.70 1.6093 37.5
2 0.68 1.09
3 ∞ (aperture projection plane) 0.20
4 6.49 0.70 1.6302 58.4
5 -1.40 0.20
6 1.85 0.94 1.6136 60.7
7 -1.06 0.70 1.7552 27.6
8 -5.28 1.44
9 -1.98 0.70 1.7552 27.6
10 4.10 1.49 1.6204 60.3
11 -2.30 0.20
12 12.34 1.14 1.7357 45.5
13 -4.65 6.00
14 ∞ (Aperture) 3.50
15 IDL 4.07
Image plane ∞.

Example 16
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentric refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ ∞
2 3.00 0.89
3 ∞ (aperture projection plane) 0.54
4 -5.89 0.86 1.7440 44.8
5 -1.41 1.40
6 3.49 1.50 1.7440 44.8
7 -16.10 0.43 1.4875 70.4
8 2.26 1.97
9 -21.61 2.00 1.5163 64.1
10 -3.32 0.20
11 5.73 15.00 1.5163 64.1
12 ASS [1] 0.00
13 ∞ (Aperture) 3.50
14 IDL 3.79
Image plane ∞ 0.00
ASS [1]
R-22.80
k 0.0000
a -3.8350 × 10 ^-5 .

[Second optical system]
Example 21
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1) 1 ∞ (Entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 ASS [1] Eccentricity (5)
5 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
6 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -3.5383 × 10 C ₂ 8.7111 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 1.7567 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.4169 × 10 C ₂ -1.0078 C ₃ -1.8279 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -2.8146 × 10 ^-4
ASS [1]
R 0.03
k -1.7097 × 10 ²³
a 2.1865 × 10 ^-5
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z 43.60
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y 35.20 Z 43.60
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 43.60
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 37.75
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 27.31
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 7.37
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 3.87
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 22
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 ASS [1] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [2] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -1.2852 × 10 C ₃ 4.5019 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -6.2300 C ₂ -8.6484 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -5.6275 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -4.3710 × 10 ^-3
ASS [1]
R 30.63
k -9.9408 × 10 ^-1
a 1.7365 × 10 ^-5
ASS [2]
R 5.64
k 0.0000
a 1.0508 × 10 ^-2
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -7.26
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y 11.69 Z -7.26
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.26
α -90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -25.47
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -11.39
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.86
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.36
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 23
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 ASS [1] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [2] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.6070 × 10 C ₃ 1.4404 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.2742 × 10 C ₂ 9.7226 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.8719 × 10 ^-2
ASS [1]
R 60.70
k 0.0000
a 5.5059 × 10 ^-6
ASS [2]
R 10.59
k 0.0000
a -1.6602 × 10 ^-4
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -12.76
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -26.77 Z -12.76
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -12.76
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -32.60
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -19.84
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.32
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.82
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 24
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -3.0440 × 10 C ₂ -5.3356 × 10 ^-16 C ₃ 1.0000 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.3822 × 10 C ₂ 3.2869 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -5.0144 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -2.7077 × 10 C ₂ 1.0779 C ₃ 4.5428 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 1.2867 × 10 ^-3
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -1.7361 × 10 C ₂ 1.3428 C ₃ -1.2568 × 10 ^-1
C ₄ 7.1725 × 10 ^-3
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -43.04
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -18.69 Z -43.04
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -43.04
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -52.81
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -37.32
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.02
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.52
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 25
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (6)
6 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (7)
7 IDL eccentricity (8)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -1.6405 × 10 C ₂ 6.6473 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 2.0000 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.1082 × 10 C ₂ -3.7446 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -7.7055 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 4.7531 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -1.7643 × 10 C ₂ 2.5415 × 10 ^-2 C ₃ 1.1674 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 2.5568 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -1.4545 × 10 C ₂ 1.1254 C ₃ -8.0058 × 10 ^-2
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -47.29
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -12.73 Z -47.29
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -47.29
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -46.14
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -37.34
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -32.71
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.08
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.58
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 26
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [1] Eccentricity (6) 1.5163 64.1
6 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (7)
7 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (8)
8 IDL eccentricity (9)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.3906 × 10 C ₂ 1.2749 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 2.3851 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -2.4035 C ₂ 4.2282 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -2.1995 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 2.6644 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -1.2146 × 10 C ₂ 2.2395 C ₃ -1.5821 × 10 ^-1
C ₄ 1.1353 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -2.6985 C ₂ -1.3266 C ₃ 6.2969 × 10 ^-2
ASS [1]
R 42.83
k -1.0252
a 2.1854 × 10 ^-6
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z 17.94
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -23.77 Z 17.94
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 17.94
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 18.88
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 9.68
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 25.32
α -180.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 10.05
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 5.68
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [9]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z 2.18
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 27
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.0957 × 10 C ₂ -1.4367 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -8.4858 × 10 ^-3
C ₄ 3.1420 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.8248 × 10 C ₂ -7.4474 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -3.1827 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -5.1999 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -1.6800 × 10 C ₂ 7.7566 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -7.4491 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 6.8835 × 10 ^-3
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -49.80
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -36.45 Z -49.80
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -42.97
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -50.09
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -37.49
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.36
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.86
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00

Example 28
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [4] Eccentricity (6) 1.5163 64.1
6 YRFS [5] Eccentricity (7) 1.5163 64.1
7 YRFS [6] Eccentricity (8)
8 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (9)
9 IDL eccentricity (10)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -3.0515 × 10 C ₂ 1.5355 C ₃ 2.0000 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -2.5421 × 10 C ₂ -1.6454 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.6776 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 9.4176 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -3.0605 × 10 C ₂ -2.1550 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -7.1384 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -7.6576 × 10 ^-3
YRFS [4]
C ₁ -2.3115 × 10 C ₂ -3.8354 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.4435 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -2.2044 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [5]
C ₁ -2.9802 × 10 C ₂ -1.0856 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 3.9619 × 10 ^-3
C ₄ 8.1575 × 10 ^-5
YRFS [6]
C ₁ -2.3262 × 10 C ₂ 4.6529 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ -1.1954 × 10 ^-2
C ₇ -2.5168 × 10 ^-8
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -75.86
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -30.46 Z -75.86
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -75.86
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -73.65
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -68.96
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -66.56
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -55.09
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -47.99
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [9]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.05
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [10]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.55
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 29
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.5486 × 10 C ₂ 2.5415 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 1.5770 × 10 ^-1
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -9.8843 C ₂ 1.3864 C ₃ -3.8493 × 10 ^-2
C ₅ 7.5808 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -8.4191 C ₂ 6.0188 C ₃ 2.0124
C ₄ 5.2928 × 10 ^-1
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y ∞ Z -17.54
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -28.19 Z -17.54
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -17.54
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -16.20
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -22.32
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.57
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.07
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 30
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 -42.01 Eccentricity (6)
6 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (7)
7 IDL eccentricity (8)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.3758 × 10 ⁺¹ C ₂ 5.3748 × 10 ^-1 C3 -8.3939 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [2]
C ₁ 2.3501 × 10 ⁺¹ C ₂ 2.6380 × 10 ^-1 C3 -9.0150 × 10 ^-3
YRFS [3]
C ₁ -1.8844 × 10 ⁺¹ C ₂ 1.1812 C3 -1.1301 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 1.4163 × 10 ^-3
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -53.96
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -21.11 Z -53.96
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -53.96
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -45.56
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -60.52
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -30.87
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.63
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -4.13
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 31
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 ASS [1] Eccentricity (6)
6 ∞ (diaphragm) Eccentricity (6)
7 IDL eccentricity (7)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.0020 × 10 ⁺¹ C ₂ 9.8828 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 2.6987 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 3.5206 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [2]
C ₁ -1.9861 × 10 ⁺¹ C ₂ -7.7597 × 10 ^-1 C ₃ 3.2442 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ -4.6428 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ 8.3456 C ₂ 9.0198 C ₃ 2.1793
C ₄ -2.8553 × 10 ^-1
ASS [1]
R-22.80
k 0.0000
a -3.8350 × 10 ^-5
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -25.23
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -7.70 Z -25.23
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -25.23
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -12.97
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -31.97
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.29
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.79
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

Example 32
Surface number Curvature radius Surface spacing Eccentricity Refractive index Abbe number Object surface ∞ (Object surface) Eccentricity (1)
1 ∞ (entrance pupil) Eccentricity (2)
2 YRFS [1] Eccentricity (3) 1.5163 64.1
3 YRFS [2] Eccentricity (4) 1.5163 64.1
4 YRFS [3] Eccentricity (5) 1.5163 64.1
5 -14.90 Eccentricity (6)
6 ∞ (aperture) Eccentricity (7)
7 IDL eccentricity (8)
Image plane ∞
YRFS [1]
C ₁ -2.0818 × 10 ⁺¹ C ₂ -1.0233 C ₃ 2.1440 × 10 ^-2
YRFS [2]
C ₁ 2.8934 × 10 ⁺¹ C ₂ 1.6091 × 10 ^-2 C ₃ -1.7026 × 10 ^-2
C ₄ 1.5915 × 10 ^-4
YRFS [3]
C ₁ 7.1506 C ₂ 1.9136 C ₃ -4.7004 × 10 ^-2
Eccentric [1]
X 0.00 Y -∞ Z -8.63
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [2]
X 0.00 Y -4.47 Z -8.63
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [3]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -8.63
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [4]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -24.37
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [5]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -32.04
α 90.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [6]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -8.63
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [7]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -7.20
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00
Eccentric [8]
X 0.00 Y 0.00 Z -3.70
α 0.00 β 0.00 γ 0.00.

  Next, the first optical system 50 of Examples 11 to 16 as described above and the second optical system 60 of Examples 21 to 32 are combined, and the entire sky range of 220 ° with the zenith direction as the center. Examples 1 to 9 of the optical system according to the present invention capable of acquiring the images will be described.

  The optical system of Example 1 uses the optical system of Example 11 (FIG. 2) as the first optical system 50, as shown in the sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system in FIG. Using the optical system of Example 22 (FIG. 9) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed around the first optical system 50 around the rotationally symmetric axis 1, The exit surface (refractive surface) 13 of the transparent medium 10 of the second optical system 60 and the image side surface of the positive meniscus lens L5 of the first optical system 50 are also used. In FIG. 1, the top is the ground and the bottom is the opposite of the heavens. Further, in the case of FIG. 9, the optical system of the twenty-second embodiment is arranged so that the image plane 30 looks down on the ground, but in this case, the optical system is arranged so as to look up at the zenith direction. Therefore, on the image plane 30, an image is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle.

  In the first embodiment, the first optical system 50 forms an image with a half field angle of 70 ° centered on the zenith at the center of the image plane 30 and is in the range of 20 ° above and below the horizontal line 360 ° all around. The second optical system 60 forms an image around the image by the first optical system 50 on the image plane 30. Therefore, it is possible to acquire an image of the entire range of 220 ° around the zenith direction at a time. The following Examples 2 to 9 are the same.

  In the first embodiment, the first optical system 50 forms an intermediate image once, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the same side. Is.

  The optical system of Example 2 uses the optical system of Example 12 (FIG. 3) as the first optical system 50, as shown in the sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system in FIG. Using the optical system of Example 22 (FIG. 9) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed around the first optical system 50 around the rotationally symmetric axis 1, The exit surface (refractive surface) 13 of the transparent medium 10 of the second optical system 60 and the image side surface of the positive meniscus lens L7 of the first optical system 50 are also used. In FIG. 20, the top is the ground and the bottom is the reverse of the heavens. Further, in the case of FIG. 9, the optical system of the twenty-second embodiment is arranged so that the image plane 30 looks down on the ground, but in this case, the optical system is arranged so as to look up at the zenith direction. Therefore, on the image plane 30, an image is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle.

  In the second embodiment, the first optical system 50 forms an intermediate image twice, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the same side. Is.

  The optical system of Example 3 uses the optical system of Example 13 (FIG. 4) as the first optical system 50, as shown in FIG. 21 which is a cross-sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system. Using the optical system of Example 22 (FIG. 9) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed around the first optical system 50 around the rotationally symmetric axis 1, The exit surface (refractive surface) 13 of the transparent medium 10 of the second optical system 60 and the image side surface of the positive meniscus lens L5 of the first optical system 50 are also used. In FIG. 21, the top is the ground and the bottom is the reverse of the heavens. Further, in the case of FIG. 9, the optical system of the twenty-second embodiment is arranged so that the image plane 30 looks down on the ground, but in this case, the optical system is arranged so as to look up at the zenith direction. Therefore, on the image plane 30, an image is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle.

  In the third embodiment, the first optical system 50 does not form an intermediate image, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the same side. .

  The optical system of Example 4 uses the optical system of Example 14 (FIG. 5) as the first optical system 50, as shown in FIG. 22 which is a sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system. Using the optical system of Example 24 (FIG. 11) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed around the first optical system 50 around the rotational symmetry axis 1. . In the second optical system 60 of this embodiment, the image plane 30 is arranged to look up at the zenith direction, and an image in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30. Imaged.

  In Example 4, the first optical system 50 forms the intermediate image twice, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the same side. Is.

  The optical system of Example 5 uses the optical system of Example 14 (FIG. 5) as the first optical system 50, as shown in the sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system in FIG. Using the optical system of Example 25 (FIG. 12) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed so as to surround the first optical system 50 around the rotational symmetry axis 1. . In the second optical system 60 of this embodiment, the image plane 30 is arranged to look up at the zenith direction, and an image in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30. Imaged.

  In the fifth embodiment, the first optical system 50 forms an intermediate image twice, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the same side. Is.

  The optical system of Example 6 uses the optical system of Example 14 (FIG. 5) as the first optical system 50, as shown in the sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system in FIG. Using the optical system of Example 27 (FIG. 14) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed so as to surround the first optical system 50 around the rotational symmetry axis 1. . In the second optical system 60 of this embodiment, the image plane 30 is arranged to look up at the zenith direction, and an image in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30. Imaged.

  In the sixth embodiment, the first optical system 50 forms an intermediate image twice, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the same side. Is.

  The optical system of Example 7 uses the optical system of Example 15 (FIG. 6) as the first optical system 50, as shown in the sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system in FIG. Using the optical system of Example 29 (FIG. 16) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed so as to surround the first optical system 50 around the rotational symmetry axis 1. . In the second optical system 60 of this embodiment, the image plane 30 is arranged to look up at the zenith direction, and an image in which the zenith direction is away from the center and the horizon is an inner circle is formed on the image plane 30. Imaged.

  In Example 7, the first optical system 50 forms the intermediate image once, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the same side. Is.

  The optical system of Example 8 uses the optical system of Example 16 (FIG. 7) as the first optical system 50, as shown in FIG. 26, which is a sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system. Using the optical system of Example 31 (FIG. 18) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is arranged around the rotational symmetry axis 1 so as to surround the first optical system 50, and The exit surface (refractive surface) 13 of the transparent medium 10 of the second optical system 60 and the image side surface of the biconvex positive lens L5 of the first optical system 50 are also used. In the second optical system 60 of this embodiment, the image plane 30 is arranged to look up at the zenith direction, and an image is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is the central direction and the horizon is an outer circle. Is done.

  In Example 8, the first optical system 50 forms the intermediate image once, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects twice on the opposite side. It is what.

  The optical system of Example 9 uses the optical system of Example 12 (FIG. 3) as the first optical system 50, as shown in the sectional view taken along the rotational symmetry axis 1 of the optical system in FIG. Using the optical system of Example 21 (FIG. 8) as the second optical system 60, the second optical system 60 is disposed so as to surround the first optical system 50 around the rotational symmetry axis 1. . In the second optical system 60 of this embodiment, the image plane 30 is arranged to look up at the zenith direction, and an image is formed on the image plane 30 such that the zenith direction is the central direction and the horizon is an outer circle. Is done.

  In the ninth embodiment, the first optical system 50 forms an intermediate image once, and the second optical system 60 is incident on one side of the central axis 1 and reflects once on the same side. Is.

  In the above, as the second optical system 60, FIG. 10 (Example 23), FIG. 13 (Example 26), FIG. 15 (Example 28), FIG. 17 (Example 30), and FIG. The example using the optical system of 32) is not shown, but in these cases as well, in combination with the first optical system of Examples 11 to 16 or the same optical system as in Examples 1 to 9. Thus, it is possible to configure an optical system that can acquire an image of the entire celestial 220 ° range with the zenith direction as the center.

The following shows the incident angle to the internal reflecting surface of the center ray 2 ₀ of the center light beam 2 coming from afar in the examples 21 to 23 the (°).

Example 1st reflective surface 2nd reflective surface 3rd reflective surface 4th reflective surface 21 60.647
22 40.855 9.934
23 44.194 13.766
24 18.195 10.755
25 32.758 54.742
26 20.432 22.586 17.606
27 32.489 60.989
28 32.772 29.955 38.778 53.570
29 49.275 22.905
30 4.690 30.280
31 20.728 25.135
32 18.477 43.011
.

  By the way, an image obtained through the first optical system 50 and the second optical system 60 in the case where a peripheral image, for example, an image as shown in FIG. As the image obtained by imaging, an image in the vicinity of the zenith as shown in FIG. 29 is captured by the first optical system 50. Further, the second optical system 60 captures an image near the horizon as shown in FIG.

  On the image pickup device arranged on the image plane 30, for example, an image (FIG. 29) by the first optical system 50 in the central portion as shown in FIG. An image (FIG. 30) by the system 60 will be formed.

  By converting these images from the polar coordinate system to the orthogonal coordinate system, the image by the first optical system 50 becomes as shown in FIG. 32, and the image by the second optical system 60 becomes as shown in FIG. By connecting these images, an image in the range of 220 ° from the zenith direction as shown in FIG. 28 is obtained.

  For this purpose, the polar coordinate system is transformed into an orthogonal coordinate system according to the number of times of image formation of the first optical system 50 and the number of reflections of the second optical system 60, and at the same time, image inversion transformation is performed vertically and horizontally. is important.

  This relationship is considered based on the first optical system 50. FIG. 34 shows an image of the entire 360 ° circumference. FIG. 34 (a) shows the positional relationship between the 360 ° all-round image 70, the optical system 71 of the present invention, and the image sensor 72 of the image plane, and FIG. 34 (b) shows the 360 ° all-round image 70. The image is shown.

35A to 35H, when the image 70 of the entire circumference is as shown in FIG. 34B, the image formed at the center of the image plane by the first optical system 50 and its periphery The possible arrangement relationship with the image formed by the second optical system 60 is shown in FIG. 35 corresponding to the first to ninth embodiments and FIG. 35, the number of intermediate image formations of the first optical system 50, and whether the optical path on the object side from the stop 21 of the second optical system 60 is one side or both sides of the central axis. And the number of reflections are shown below.

Example FIG. 35 First Optical System Second Optical System Optical Path One Side Second Optical System Optical Path Both Sides 9 A Two-time imaging One-time reflection 2 B Two-time imaging Two-time reflection 3 B Zero-time imaging Two-time reflection 4 B 2 times imaging 2 times reflection 5 B 2 times imaging 2 times reflection 6 B 2 times imaging 2 times reflection-C 1 D 1 time imaging 2 times reflection-E 7 F 1 time imaging 2 times reflection 8 G 1-time image formation 2-time reflection-H, but A and G, B and H, C and E, and D and F become the same when rotated 180 ° with respect to the center of the image. Is

Example FIG. 35 First Optical System Second Optical System Optical Path One Side Second Optical System Optical Path Both Sides 9 A Two-time imaging One-time reflection 8 A One-time imaging Two-time reflection 2 B Two-time imaging Two-time reflection 3 B 0 times imaging 2 times reflection 4 B 2 times imaging 2 times reflection 5 B 2 times imaging 2 times reflection 6 B 2 times imaging 2 times reflection-C 1 D 1 time imaging 2 times reflection 7 D 1 Two-time image formation Two reflections.

  Thus, in the case of FIG. 35A, for example, polar coordinates may be transformed into an orthogonal coordinate system so that a circumferential image is cut open and developed with reference to the top.

  In the case of FIG. 35 (B), it is further necessary to flip the circumferential image of the second optical system upside down.

  In the case of FIG. 35C, it is necessary to shift the position for opening the circumferential image of the first optical system and the position for opening the circumferential image of the second optical system by 180 ° on the circumference.

  In the case of FIG. 35D, it is necessary to vertically invert the circumferential image of the second optical system in the case of FIG.

  The optical system of the present invention has been described above as an imaging or observation optical system that obtains 360 ° omnidirectional (all circumference) images including the zenith with the central axis (rotation symmetry axis) in the vertical direction. The projection optical system is not limited to the photographing optical system and the observation optical system, and may be used as a projection optical system that projects an image in all 360 ° directions (all circumferences) including the zenith with the optical path reversed. The endoscope can also be used as an all-round observation optical system of an in-tube observation apparatus.

  Below, the usage example of the panorama imaging optical system 31 or the panorama projection optical system 32 is demonstrated as an application example of the optical system of this invention. FIG. 36 is a diagram for illustrating an example in which the panoramic imaging optical system 31 according to the present invention is used as the imaging optical system at the distal end of the endoscope. FIG. 36 (a) illustrates the present invention at the distal end of the rigid endoscope 41. This is an example in which a panoramic imaging optical system 31 is attached and 360 ° omnidirectional images are taken and observed. FIG. 36B shows a panoramic photographing optical system 31 according to the present invention attached to the tip of the soft electronic endoscope 42, and the image photographed on the display device 43 is subjected to image processing to be corrected and displayed. This is an example.

  In FIG. 37, a plurality of panoramic photographing optical systems 31 according to the present invention are attached as photographing optical systems to the corners and the top of an automobile 48, and images processed through the panoramic photographing optical systems 31 are subjected to image processing on a display device in a vehicle. This is an example in which distortion is corrected and displayed simultaneously.

  In FIG. 38, the panorama projection optical system 32 according to the present invention is used as the projection optical system of the projection device 44, and a panorama image is displayed on the display element arranged on the image plane, and is arranged in 360 ° through the panorama projection optical system 32. This is an example in which a 360 ° omnidirectional image is projected and displayed on the screen 45.

  In FIG. 39, an imaging device 49 using the panoramic imaging optical system 31 according to the present invention is attached to the outside of a building 47, and a projection device 44 using the panoramic projection optical system 32 according to the present invention is disposed indoors. It connects so that the imaged image may be sent to the projection device 44 via the electric wire 46. In such an arrangement, a 360 ° omnidirectional outdoor subject O is photographed by the photographing device 49 via the panoramic photographing optical system 31, and the video signal is sent to the projecting device 44 via the electric wire 46 and arranged on the image plane. In this example, the image is displayed on the display element, and the image O ′ of the subject O is projected and displayed on an indoor wall surface or the like through the panorama projection optical system 32.

It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 11 of the 1st optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 12 of the 1st optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 13 of the 1st optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 14 of the 1st optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 15 of the 1st optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 16 of the 1st optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 21 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 22 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 23 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 24 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 25 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 26 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 27 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 28 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 29 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 30 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 31 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of Example 32 of the 2nd optical system which comprises the optical system of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 5 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 6 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 7 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 8 of this invention. It is sectional drawing taken along the central axis of the optical system of Example 9 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a surrounding image. It is a figure which shows the example of the image of the zenith vicinity obtained by imaging the surrounding image of FIG. 28 with a 1st optical system. It is a figure which shows the example of the image of the horizon vicinity obtained by imaging the surrounding image of FIG. 28 with a 2nd optical system. It is a figure which shows the example of the image obtained by imaging the image around the FIG. 28 with the optical system of this invention. It is a figure which shows the image obtained by carrying out coordinate conversion of the image of FIG. 29 obtained by imaging with a 1st optical system. It is a figure which shows the image obtained by carrying out coordinate conversion of the image of FIG. 30 obtained by imaging with a 2nd optical system. It is a figure which shows the image of 360 degrees all the circumferences. It is a figure which shows the arrangement | positioning relationship between the image imaged by the center part of an image surface with a 1st optical system, and the image imaged by the 2nd optical system in the periphery. It is a figure for showing the example which used the panorama imaging | photography optical system by this invention as an imaging | photography optical system of the endoscope front-end | tip. It is a figure for showing the example using the panorama imaging optical system by the present invention as an imaging optical system in each corner and top of a car. It is a figure for showing the example using the panorama projection optical system by this invention as a projection optical system of a projector. It is a figure for showing the example which image | photographs an outdoor to-be-photographed object via the panorama imaging | photography optical system by this invention, and is projected and displayed indoors through the panorama projection optical system by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Center axis (axis of rotational symmetry)
2. Central beam 2 ₀ incident from a distance 2 ₀ Central beam 3 U of a center beam 3 L incident from a far sky side A beam 4 incident from a far ground 4 Imaging position 5 of a light beam Imaging of an entrance pupil Position 10 ... Transparent medium 11 ... Refractive surface (incident surface)
12, 14, 15, 16 ... inner reflective surface 13 ... refracting surface (exit surface)
20 ... Imaging lens (ideal lens)
21 ... Imaging lens aperture 21 '... Aperture image plane 30 ... Image plane 41 ... Rigid endoscope 42 ... Soft electronic endoscope 43 ... Display device 44 ... Projection device 45 ... Screen 46 ... Electric wire 47 ... Building 48 ... Automobile 49 ... Shooting device 50 ... First optical system 60 ... Second optical system 70 ... 360 ° full circumference image 71 ... Optical system 72 of the present invention ... Imaging element O ... Subject O '... Subject image L1 ... First 1 lens L2 2nd lens L3 3rd lens L4 4th lens L5 5th lens L6 6th lens L7 7th lens

Claims (11)

A first optical system that captures an image in the vicinity of the zenith; and a second optical system that surrounds the first optical system and captures an image of the entire 360 ° circumference. The optical system 2 is configured in a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis. In the case of an imaging optical system, the first optical system and the second optical system are arranged on the image plane side in the order in which the light beams travel. The aperture forming the pupil and the imaging lens are shared, and an image formed by the two optical systems is configured to be received by a common image plane. The second optical system has a central axis A transparent medium that is rotationally symmetric around the transparent medium. The transparent medium has two internal reflection surfaces and at least two refracting surfaces, and at least one internal reflection surface has a line segment having no symmetry surface. An optical system comprising a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating around a central axis. A first optical system that captures an image in the vicinity of the zenith; and a second optical system that surrounds the first optical system and captures an image of the entire 360 ° circumference. The second optical system is configured to have a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis. In the case of a projection optical system, the first optical system and the second optical system are opposite to the order in which the light beams travel. An aperture that forms a pupil on the surface side and an imaging lens are shared, and an image formed by the two optical systems is configured to be received by a common image plane. A transparent medium rotationally symmetric about a central axis, the transparent medium having two internal reflection surfaces and at least two refractive surfaces, and at least one internal reflection surface having no symmetry surface; An optical system comprising a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating a line segment around a central axis. The at least one internal reflection surface of the transparent medium of the second optical system is a rotationally symmetric surface formed by rotating a line segment having an odd shape including an odd-order term around the central axis when expressed by a polynomial expression. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the optical system is configured as follows. In the second optical system, a light beam incident from a distance is imaged at least once in a cross section including the central axis, and is orthogonal to the cross section and is combined in a plane including the central ray of the light beam. optical system as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is configured not to image. In the second optical system, from claim 1, characterized in that through said internal reflecting surface and the refractive surface of the light beam incident from afar is located on only one side with respect to the central axis within the transparent medium 4 The optical system according to any one of the above. In the second optical system, a light beam incident from a distance is imaged at least once in a cross section including the central axis and in a plane orthogonal to the cross section and including the central light beam of the light beam. optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is configured to. In the second optical system, an optical system according to claim 6, characterized in that through the refracting surface and the internal reflecting surface located on opposite sides with respect to the center axis in the light flux is within the transparent medium is incident from afar . In the second optical system, the central ray of the center light beam incident from afar the claims 1 to angle of incidence also to any internal reflecting surface is equal to or is less than 45 ° 7 any one according Section Optical system. The first optical system, the optical system of any one of claims 1, characterized in that it is composed of a rotationally symmetric dioptric system about the center axis 8. The optical system according to claim 9 , wherein a part of the refractive surfaces of the first optical system is also used as at least one refractive surface of the second optical system. Optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the image formed by the two optical systems are full angle with respect to the center axis, characterized in that an image exceeding 180 °.

Images