JP4502814B2 - 細胞性免疫応答を測定する診断アッセイ法 - Google Patents
細胞性免疫応答を測定する診断アッセイ法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、全般的に診断アッセイ法、より詳しく述べると細胞性免疫反応性を測定するためのアッセイ法に関する。さらにより詳しく述べると、本発明は、全血または他の適した生体試料を用いて抗原に対する細胞性反応を測定するためのアッセイ法およびキットを提供する。アッセイ法は、免疫エフェクター分子に対するリガンドを用いて行ってもよく、または核酸レベルで、免疫エフェクター細胞をコードする遺伝子の発現に関するスクリーニングを用いて行ってもよい。アッセイ法は、ヒト、家禽、獣医学、および野生動物に関して応用するための治療および診断プロトコールにおいて有用である。
本明細書において提供された参考文献の著書目録の詳細は、明細書の末尾に記載する。
本明細書を通して、本文がそうでないことを必要とする場合を除き、「含む(comprise)」という用語、または「含む(comprises)」もしくは「含む(comprising)」のようなその変化形は、述べられた要素もしくは整数または要素もしくは整数の群を含めるが、任意の他の要素もしくは整数、または要素もしくは整数の群を除外しないことを意味するものと理解されるであろう。
本発明は、被験者がCMI応答を実行する可能性または能力に関するアッセイ法を提供する。アッセイ法は、抗原刺激に反応した免疫系の細胞による免疫エフェクター分子の産生を測定することに基づく。免疫エフェクターは、エフェクターに対して特異的な抗体のようなリガンドを用いて、またはエフェクターをコードする遺伝子の発現レベルを測定することによって検出してもよい。したがって、本発明は、被験者におけるCMIの応答性を決定する手段を提供し、次に感染疾患、病態、免疫コンピテンスのレベル、および内因性または外因性の抗原に対するT細胞応答性のマーカーを診断する手段を提供する。
(1)標識mRNAまたは抗体に関連するレポーター分子の同一性を入力値として受信するコード;
(2)レポーター分子のレベルおよび/またはレポーター分子が結合している分子の同一性を決定するために、該入力値を参照値と比較するコード;および
(3)コードを保存するコンピューター読み取り可能な媒体。
(1)機械読み取り可能なデータが標識mRNAまたは抗体に関連したレポーター分子を同定する入力値を含む、機械読み取り可能なデータをコードするデータ保存材料を含む機械読み取り可能なデータ保存媒体;
(2)機械読み取り可能なデータを処理する説明書を保存するための作業メモリ;
(3)レポーター分子またはそれが結合する分子の同一性またはレベルの評価を提供するために該値と比較するため、該機械読み取り可能なデータを処理するための、該作業メモリおよび機械読み取り可能なデータ保存媒体に共役させた中央処理装置;および
(4)比較の結果を受信するための該中央処理装置に共役させた出力ハードウェア。
(1)標識mRNAまたは抗体に関連したレポーター分子を同定する入力値を入力する段階;
(2)レポーター分子のレベルおよび/またはレポーター分子が結合した分子の同一性を決定するために、該入力値を参照値と比較することを含むアクセスする段階;および
(3)評価の結果を出力する段階。
アッセイ法の開発
ヘパリン添加血液試料を、同意を得たボランティアまたはドナーから採取した。血液試料は、Vacuette(登録商標)管(グライナー・バイオワン(Greiner Bio-one)、ドイツ)に採取した。
抗原と共に培養する前の血液へのデキストロース添加効果の評価
血液試料2例をボランティアから採取して、24ウェル組織培養プレートの個々のウェルに1 mlを8個加えた。Quantiferon-TB試験に提供された抗原4個、生理食塩液対照(Nil)、ヒト型結核菌PPD(Hu PPD)、トリ型結核菌PPD(Av PPD)およびフィトヘマグルチニン(マイトゲン)を、血液を含むウェル1試料あたり2個ずつに加えた。1試料2個のウェルの1組に、デキストロースを最終濃度2 mg/mlで加えた。プレートを1分間振とうさせてから、湿潤大気中で37℃で20時間インキュベートした。血漿試料を採取して、IFN-γ濃度をQuantiferon-TB(登録商標)ELISAを用いて定量した。
採血管と24ウェル組織培養プレートとにおける、抗原と共に血液をインキュベートする効果の決定
血液バンクドナー15人からのヘパリン添加血液を、Quantiferon-TB(登録商標)キットに供給されたHuPPD溶液125 μlを含む24ウェルプレートとVacuette(登録商標)管の双方に分配した。24ウェルプレートを1分間振とうさせて、20秒間攪拌して混合してから湿潤大気において37℃で20時間インキュベートした。翌日、血漿試料を各インキュベーションウェルおよび管から採取して、IFN-γの相対量をQuantiferon-TB(登録商標)ELISAを用いて推定した。
採血管において抗原と共に血液をインキュベートした効果-2
ヘパリン添加血液20例を血液バンクドナーから得て、1 mlずつを24ウェル組織培養トレーの個々のウェル3個に分配した。それぞれのウェルに、125 μlの生理食塩液、HuPPD、またはマイトゲンを加えた。振とうさせた後、培養トレーを湿潤大気において37℃で20時間インキュベートしてから血漿試料を採取した。
NA 24ウェルプレートまたは管のいずれかに関して、2 IU/ml未満は、IFN-γ検出に関して適用できない。
* それぞれの生理食塩液陰性対照の値を差し引いた後のIU/mlでのIFN-γの濃度
+ 1試料あたり管2本からの結果の平均値
デキストロース添加および非添加で採血管において破傷風トキソイドと共に血液をインキュベートする効果
ヘパリン添加血液20例を血液バンクドナーから採取して、1 mlずつを24ウェル組織培養トレーの個々のウェル3個に分配した。それぞれのウェルに、125 μlの生理食塩液、破傷風トキソイド、または破傷風トキソイド+デキストロースを加えた。混合した後、培養トレーを湿潤大気において37℃で20時間インキュベートしてから血漿試料を採取した。
管内(In-Tube)と培養プレート刺激の比較
本発明のアッセイ法は、試験抗原による全血の刺激に対するCMI応答として産生されたIFN-γを定量する。血液1 mlの陰性対照(Nil)、陽性対照(マイトゲン)および試験抗原のパネルによる刺激を、24ウェル培養プレートにおいて行う。
Claims (57)
- 被験者における細胞性免疫応答を測定する方法であって、
抗原による刺激後に免疫エフェクター分子を産生することができる免疫系の細胞を含む被験者からの全血試料を、抗原による刺激を増強するのに有効なデキストロースの存在下で、抗原と共にインキュベートする段階、および該免疫エフェクター分子の存在またはレベルによって、被験者が細胞性免疫応答を実行できることが示される、免疫エフェクター分子の存在またはレベルの上昇を測定する段階を含む、方法。 - 被験者がヒトである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 全血が抗原を含む管において採取された、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 全血がヘパリンを含む管において採取された、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 管がヘパリンをさらに含む、請求項3記載の方法。
- 試料が抗原と共に約5時間〜約50時間インキュベートされる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクター分子がサイトカインである、請求項1記載の方法。
- サイトカインがIFN-γである、請求項7記載の方法。
- サイトカインがGM-CSFである、請求項7記載の方法。
- サイトカインがインターロイキンである、請求項7記載の方法。
- サイトカインがTNFαである、請求項7記載の方法。
- 被験者が病原体に感染している、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 病原体がHBVである、請求項12記載の方法。
- 病原体がHIVである、請求項12記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞が、NK細胞、T細胞、B細胞、樹状細胞、マクロファージ、または単球から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞がT細胞である、請求項15記載の方法。
- 抗原がペプチドである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原がポリペプチドである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原がタンパク質である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原が糖タンパク質である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原が糖質である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原が、燐脂質、燐タンパク質、およびホスホリポタンパク質から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原が結核特異的抗原である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 結核特異的抗原がESAT-6に関する重複ペプチドである、請求項23記載の方法。
- 結核特異的抗原がCFP-10に関する重複ペプチドである、請求項23記載の方法。
- 結核特異的抗原がTB7に関する重複ペプチドである、請求項23記載の方法。
- 抗原がヒト型結核菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)に由来する結核菌精製タンパク質誘導体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原がトリ型結核菌(Mycobacterium avium)に由来する結核菌精製タンパク質誘導体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原がフィトヘマグルチニンである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原が破傷風トキソイドである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクターが、該免疫エフェクターに対して特異的な抗体によって検出される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクターがELISAを用いて検出される、請求項31記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクターがELISpotを用いて検出される、請求項31記載の方法。
- 被験者における細胞性免疫応答を刺激可能な抗原をスクリーニングするための方法であって、
抗原による刺激後に免疫エフェクター分子を産生することができる免疫系の細胞を含む被験者からの全血試料を、デキストロースの存在下で試験すべき抗原と共にインキュベートする段階、および該免疫エフェクター分子の上昇したレベルによって、細胞性免疫応答を増加する抗原であることが示される、抗原の非存在下と比較して免疫エフェクター分子のレベルを測定する段階、を含む、方法。 - 被験者がヒトである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 全血が抗原を含む管において採取される、請求項34または35記載の方法。
- 全血がヘパリンを含む管において採取される、請求項34または35記載の方法。
- 管がヘパリンをさらに含む、請求項35記載の方法。
- 全血が抗原と共に約5時間〜約50時間インキュベートされる、請求項34記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクター分子がサイトカインである、請求項34記載の方法。
- サイトカインがIFN-γである、請求項40記載の方法。
- サイトカインがGM-CSFである、請求項40記載の方法。
- サイトカインがインターロイキンである、請求項40記載の方法。
- サイトカインがTNFαである、請求項40記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞が、NK細胞、T細胞、B細胞、樹状細胞、マクロファージ、または単球から選択される、請求項34記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞がT細胞である、請求項45記載の方法。
- 抗原が結核特異的抗原である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 結核特異的抗原がESAT-6に関する重複ペプチドである、請求項47記載の方法。
- 結核特異的抗原がCFP-10に関する重複ペプチドである、請求項47記載の方法。
- 結核特異的抗原がTB7に関する重複ペプチドである、請求項47記載の方法。
- 抗原がヒト型結核菌に由来する結核菌精製タンパク質誘導体である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 抗原がトリ型結核菌に由来する結核菌精製タンパク質誘導体である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 抗原がフィトヘマグルチニンである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 抗原が破傷風トキソイドである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクターが、該免疫エフェクターに対して特異的な抗体によって検出される、請求項34記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクターがELISAを用いて検出される、請求項55記載の方法。
- 免疫エフェクターがELISpotを用いて検出される、請求項56記載の方法。
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