JP4496134B2 - lathe - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lathe.

As a lathe that performs complex machining on a workpiece, there are those described in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2.
JP-A-11-138374 JP 2003-117701 A

The lathe of Patent Document 1 is a combined machining type lathe with a fixed spindle, and includes a spindle that grips a workpiece, a tailstock, a carriage, and a tool spindle. The tailstock is disposed at a position facing the main shaft.
The carriage is a carriage that reciprocates parallel to the center line of the main shaft or tailstock. A tool spindle is mounted on the carriage. The tool spindle grips the tool and can change the direction of the tool. The work gripped by the spindle or the tail stock is machined from the upper side by a tool.

  In a lathe with a fixed spindle like the lathe disclosed in Patent Document 1, when machining a long workpiece, the workpiece is pressed by a tool and bent, so that machining with high accuracy cannot be performed. Therefore, when processing a long workpiece, a center that supports the workpiece in combination with the main shaft is attached to the tailstock in contact with the tip surface of the workpiece.

However, attaching the center to the tailstock causes the following problems.
(1) Since the center is attached to the tailstock to support the workpiece, machining cannot be performed on the tip surface (front) of the workpiece.
(2) Since the center is attached to the tailstock, the chuck for gripping the workpiece cannot be attached to the tailstock. For this reason, the rear end face (back face) of the workpiece cannot be processed by gripping the workpiece with the tailstock chuck.
(3) Since the tool and the tailstock interfere, the vicinity of the tailstock cannot be machined.
In this way, it has been difficult to perform long combined machining on a lathe with a fixed spindle.

Furthermore, in the combined machining type lathe of Patent Document 1, the length of the work that can be machined is determined by the distance between the main shaft and the tailstock, and there is a problem that a work longer than that distance cannot be machined.
In addition, by machining the workpiece with a tool from above, it is difficult for chips to accumulate in the machine, but the machining accuracy may deteriorate due to the effect of temperature changes. That is, the position of the workpiece and the tool in the height direction changes due to a temperature change, but the rate of change in the position differs between the workpiece and the tool. The tool above the workpiece is more susceptible to temperature changes.

  On the other hand, as a method of machining a long workpiece without supporting it with a tailstock, as shown in Patent Document 2, a guide bush for preventing the deflection of the long workpiece is provided in the vicinity of the tool, and the spindle is moved. However, there is a technology for processing long workpieces.

  The lathe of Patent Document 2 is provided with a first headstock for gripping a workpiece in a rotatable manner, a second headstock and a front tool post disposed on the rear headstock, a guide bush, and a cutting tool for cutting off the work. A tool post, a third spindle stock, a tool attached to the third spindle stock for machining the back surface of the workpiece, and a rotary tool platform movable perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece. Yes.

  The back spindle stock has a function of moving in parallel to the axial direction of the work held by the first spindle stock and a function of moving perpendicularly to the axial direction. The guide bush is disposed between the first headstock and the rear headstock, and supports the rotating work so as to be slidable. The second headstock grips the tip side (front side) of the workpiece. A drill for machining the front face of the workpiece is attached to the tool post arranged on the back spindle stock together with the second spindle stock. The third headstock is disposed substantially on the side of the guide bush.

  In the lathe described in Patent Document 2, the rear spindle stock is moved in the axial direction of the workpiece, and the front end surface (front surface) of the workpiece held by the first spindle stock and supported by the guide bush is used as the front tool post. Process with attached tool. Thereafter, the back spindle stock is moved so that the tip side of the workpiece is gripped by the second spindle stock, and at the same time, the workpiece gripped by the second spindle stock is gripped by the third spindle stock. The workpiece front end surface gripped by the third head stock is processed again with a tool attached to the tool rest.

  When machining the rear end face (rear face) of the workpiece, the rear spindle head is moved, and the rear end face (rear face) of the work gripped by the second spindle stock is machined with a drill attached to the third spindle stock. .

  In a lathe in which the spindle moves as in Patent Document 2, the front end surface and the rear end surface of a long workpiece can be processed, but there are the following problems.

(1) In order to make an oblique hole in the workpiece, it is necessary to attach an attachment for machining the oblique hole to the tool post.
(2) It is necessary to prepare a tool for machining the front end surface of the workpiece and a tool for machining the rear end surface of the workpiece.
(3) When placing a tool on the tool post, it is necessary to fully consider whether the tool will interfere with the adjacent tool.
(4) In addition to the location for attaching the tool for machining the tip end surface of the workpiece, a location for attaching the tool for machining the rear end surface of the workpiece must be secured, making it difficult to reduce the size of the machine and improving workability. It ’s bad.

(5) Since there is a limit to the number of tools that can be attached to the tool post and the third headstock, there are limited types of workpieces that can be processed in a complicated manner without changing tools.
(6) When changing each tool, it was necessary to stop the machine, and efficient machining could not be performed.

As described above, in a lathe with a spindle fixed as in Patent Document 1, when processing a long workpiece, it is not possible to process the front end surface of the workpiece, the rear end surface of the workpiece, and the vicinity of the tailstock. There was also a problem of processing accuracy.
On the other hand, in the lathe for main spindle movement as in Patent Document 2, the front end surface and the rear end surface of a long workpiece can be processed, but in order to make an oblique hole in the workpiece, an attachment for oblique hole processing is required. At the same time, the number of tools that can be attached to the tool post is limited. Therefore, the number of types of processing that can be processed is small, and it has not been possible to freely process into complicated shapes.

  The present invention is an invention made in view of the current situation as described above. For a workpiece of all lengths from a short length to a long length, the workpiece can be fully processed into a complicated shape with high accuracy including both end faces. The purpose is to provide a lathe that can be used.

In order to achieve the above object, a lathe according to an aspect of the present invention has a function of gripping and rotating a workpiece so that the rotation axis is horizontal, and reciprocating in a Z direction parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece. and the main shaft possible Rutotomoni disposed opposite to the main shaft, hole workpiece gripped by the main spindle penetrates is formed, it has a function of rotating by holding the workpiece, which can be reciprocated in the Z-direction and the sub spindle, and can reciprocate in the X direction of the different directions with the Z direction together with a reciprocable before Symbol Z direction, the center line of the rotatable and the tool a tool for machining the workpiece A tool spindle capable of changing the orientation of the tool by rotating in an XZ plane including the Z direction and the X direction. , Protruding from the main shaft A guide bush for sliding in the direction of the rotary shaft while rotatably supporting the over click, a tool magazine for housing the tool any number,
Tool changing means for exchanging a tool already attached to the tool spindle with a tool accommodated in the tool magazine, and attached to one end of the tool spindle and having a direction different from the Z direction and the X direction. A first shaft rotatably supported by a support body movable in the Y direction, and attached to the other end portion of the tool spindle different from the one end portion so as to be coaxial with the first shaft and do not move in the Y direction. A second shaft supported in a hole formed in the support body so as to be rotatable and slidable in the Y direction, the tool spindle is supported by the first shaft and the second shaft, and the first shaft; The tool spindle is provided with both-end support means for rotating the tool spindle in the XZ plane by rotating with a second axis, and the tool spindle can reciprocate in the Y direction .

By adopting such a configuration, since the tool spindle can change the direction of the tool, it is possible to perform machining from various angles on the outer peripheral surface and the end face of the work gripped by the spindle or the back spindle. Further, even if the workpiece is long and easily bent, the guide bush prevents the bending, so that the processing accuracy does not deteriorate. In addition, both the end surfaces of one workpiece can be machined by transferring the workpiece gripped by the spindle and gripping it by the back spindle.
This eliminates setup changes and subsequent processes in other machines. Therefore, there is no work mounting error, and the machining accuracy can be increased.
Each time a tool is replaced, the tool magazine includes an arbitrary number of tools, and a tool changer that replaces a tool already attached to the tool spindle with a tool accommodated in the tool magazine. Therefore, it is not necessary to stop the machine and the idle time can be reduced.
Further, since a hole through which the workpiece passes is formed in the back main shaft, it is possible to process a longer workpiece.

  If it does in this way, a processing position can be set arbitrarily and it can process to a complicated shape.

The tool spindle supports the tool so that the center line of the tool is at the height of the center line of the workpiece. Therefore, the amount of displacement of the tool spindle height due to temperature change is equal to the amount of displacement of the workpiece height. Therefore, since there is no difference in the relative position of the tool and the workpiece in the height direction, a predetermined machining accuracy can be maintained. Further, the tool spindle is held at both ends by the both-end holding means. Therefore, resistance to stress when the tool comes into contact with the workpiece is improved, and machining accuracy can be improved.

Also, equipped with any number of tools, the independently moving the tool spindle may be provided with a tool rest for machining the workpiece to be gripped of the spindle or the back spindle by using the mounted tool.

  If it does in this way, not only the tool of a tool spindle but the tool of a tool post can also be used, and processing efficiency improves.

In this case, the tool post may be reciprocally movable in the X direction. The tool post may be reciprocally movable in the Z direction. The tool post may be reciprocally movable in a Y direction different from the Z direction and the X direction .

According to the onset bright, the work from long to short, inclusive and may be all processed into complicated shapes. Further, according to this onset bright, it is possible to improve the machining accuracy.

  FIG. 1 is a front view of a lathe according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the lathe. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the tool spindle and the tool post in FIG. 1.

  This lathe is a machine capable of performing complex machining on the workpiece W. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bed 10, the spindle 30 that grips the workpiece W, the tool spindle 40, and the workpiece W are gripped. A back spindle 50 and a control unit (not shown) are provided. The control unit controls the entire lathe.

  A headstock 30A that supports the main shaft 30 is mounted on two rails 11 and 12 mounted in parallel to the Z1 axis direction on the bed 10 and moves in the Z1 axis direction by driving the Z1 axis motor 13. It is configured to do. A work rotation motor 31 is built in the headstock 30A. The work rotation motor 31 rotates the work W gripped by the main shaft 30.

The tool spindle 40 rotatably holds a replaceable tool 41 and is supported by a tool spindle base 40A.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of a mechanism for moving the tool spindle stock 40A.
On the bed 10, two rails 15 and 16 are attached in the Z2 axis direction parallel to the Z1 axis direction. A base 40a is mounted on the rails 15 and 16, and when the Z2 axis motor 17 is driven, the base 40a moves in the Z2 axis direction.

  A ball screw 40b is incorporated in the base 40a in the X1 axis direction perpendicular to the Z2 axis direction. An X1-axis motor 18 that rotates the ball screw 40b to move the tool head stock 40A in the X1-axis direction is disposed at the end of the ball screw 40b.

A column 40c is disposed on the base 40a. A bracket 40d engaged with the ball screw 40b is attached to the bottom of the column 40c. When the X1-axis motor 18 rotates, the column 40c moves in the X1-axis direction.
A motor bracket 40e that supports the Y1-axis motor 42 is fixed above the column 40c. The Y1-axis motor 42 rotates the ball screw 40f in the Y1-axis direction in the vertical direction.

The ball screw 40f is engaged with a bracket 40h extending from the housing 40g. When the Y1-axis motor 42 rotates, the ball screw 40f rotates and the housing 40g moves in the vertical direction.
A spindle 40i is rotatably incorporated in the housing 40g. On the upper end side of the housing 40g, one end of the spindle 40i and the direction changing motor 43 are coupled by a coupling 40j.

One end of a tool spindle stock 40A is attached to the other end of the spindle 40i via an attachment plate 40k. A shaft 40m is attached to the opposite side of the mounting plate 40k of the tool head stock 40A. The shaft 40m is rotatably supported by the column 40c via the holder 40n.
When the direction conversion motor 43 rotates, the tool spindle stock 40A rotates with the spindle 40i and the shaft 40m, and the direction of the tool 41 gripped by the tool spindle 40 changes.

  The rear spindle 50 is opposed to the spindle 30 and grips the workpiece W, and is supported by the rear spindle stock 50A. The back spindle stock 50A is placed on two rails 20 and 21 mounted on the bed 10 in the Z3 axis direction parallel to the Z1 axis direction. By driving the Z3-axis motor 22, the back spindle stock 50A moves in the Z3-axis direction. A work rotation motor 51 is built in the back spindle stock 50A. The work rotation motor 51 rotates the work W gripped by the back spindle 50.

The main shaft 30 and the rear main shaft 50 are formed with holes through which the workpiece W passes.
The lathe is further provided with a tool post 60, a tool magazine 70, a tool changing mechanism 80, and a guide bush 90.

  The tool post 60 is placed on the rails 20 and 21 and is configured to move in the Z4 axis direction parallel to the Z2 axis direction by driving the Z4 axis motor 24. An X2 axis motor 25 that moves the tool rest 60 in the X2 axis direction parallel to the X1 axis direction is attached to the side of the tool rest 60.

  The tool post 60 holds a plurality of tools 61 for processing the workpiece W, and includes a rotating body 62 as shown in FIG. A tool 61 is attached to the rotator 62, and the tool 61 corresponding to the rotation angle of the rotator 62 is selected. A Y2-axis motor 63 that changes the position of the tool rest 60 in the Y2-axis direction (height direction) parallel to the Y1-axis direction is attached to the upper part of the tool rest 60.

  The guide bush 90 is disposed on the back main shaft 50 side of the main shaft 30 and slidably supports the workpiece W protruding from the main shaft 30.

  Here, the tool post 60 is a turret type including the rotating body 62, but is not limited thereto. For example, a plurality of tools 66 may be arranged in a comb shape as shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a view showing a modified example of the tool post.

  On the other hand, the tool magazine 70 accommodates a necessary number of tools 41 to be attached to the tool spindle 40. The tool exchange mechanism 80 is a mechanism for exchanging the tool 41 attached to the tool spindle 40 with the tool 41 accommodated in the tool magazine 70.

Next, the operation of the lathe will be described while explaining machining examples.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of machining example 1 in which outer diameter machining is performed on both the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 and the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50.

In this case, the work W is gripped by the main spindle 30 and the rear main spindle 50, respectively.
Subsequently, for example, the spindle 30 that grips the workpiece W is driven by the Z1-axis motor 13 and the Z2-axis motor 17 so that the machining position of the workpiece W is positioned in front of the tool spindle 40. The Z1-axis motor 13 and the X1-axis motor 18 are driven and controlled while the workpiece rotation motor 31 is driven to rotate the workpiece W. Thereby, the tool 41 contacts the workpiece W, and the outer periphery of the workpiece W gripped by the main shaft 30 is machined. After the machining of the workpiece W on the spindle 30 side is completed, the X1-axis motor 18 is driven to retract the tool spindle 40.

  Then, the tool on the tool spindle 40 is rotated by 180 ° and the Z3 axis motor 22 and the Z2 axis motor 17 are driven, so that the machining position of the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50 is positioned in front of the tool spindle 40. The Z3 axis motor 22 and the X1 axis motor 18 are driven and controlled while the workpiece rotation motor 51 is driven to rotate the workpiece W.

  As a result, the tool 41 comes into contact with the workpiece W and the outer periphery of the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50 is machined. Here, various types of processing are possible depending on the type of the tool 41 and the drive control method of the Z1-axis motor 13, the Z2-axis motor 17, the Z3-axis motor 22, and the X1-axis motor 18, and the outer diameter of the workpiece W is linearized. In addition, a desired shape such as a taper or an arc can be obtained.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a processing example 2 in which drilling is performed on the tip surfaces of both the work W gripped by the main spindle 30 and the work W gripped by the back main spindle 50.
In this case, the tool 41 of the tool spindle 40 is a drill. The X1-axis motor 18 and the direction conversion motor 43 are driven so that the tip of the tool 41 faces the tip of the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30. Next, while driving the workpiece rotation motor 31 to rotate the workpiece W, the Z1-axis motor 13 is driven to move the tip of the tool 41 to the main shaft 30 side. As a result, the tool 41 comes into contact with the tip of the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 and cuts, and the workpiece W is drilled.

  After the machining of the workpiece W on the spindle 30 side is completed, the X1-axis motor 18 is driven to retract the tool spindle 40. The direction conversion motor 43 is driven so that the tip of the tool 41 faces the tip of the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50. Then, while driving the workpiece rotation motor 51 to rotate the workpiece W, the Z3-axis motor 22 is driven to move the tip of the tool 41 toward the back spindle 50 side. As a result, the tool 41 comes into contact with the tip of the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50 and cuts, and the workpiece W is drilled.

Here, the outline of the case where the drilling process is performed on the tip surfaces of both the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 and the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50 is shown, but drilling is performed at both ends of one workpiece W. It is also possible.
In this case, the workpiece W is first gripped only by the spindle 30, and when the drilling of the tip surface of the workpiece W is finished, the X1-axis motor 18 is driven to retract the tool spindle 40, and the Z3-axis motor 22 is driven to move the back spindle 50 toward the spindle 30 and grip the tip side of the workpiece W. After that, the workpiece W is released from the spindle 30, the Z3-axis motor 22 is driven and moved to a predetermined position, and the X1-axis motor 18 is driven to return the tool spindle 40 to the original machining position. Thereafter, the rear end surface of the work W gripped by the back spindle 50 is drilled by performing the same processing as described above.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of processing example 3 for drilling oblique holes.
In this case, the tool 41 attached to the tool spindle 40 is a drill. Before processing the workpiece W gripped by the main shaft 30, the direction changing motor 43 is driven to drive and control the tool 41 so that it has a desired angle with respect to the axis of the workpiece W gripped by the main shaft 30. Next, the Z1-axis motor 13 or the Z2-axis motor 17 is driven to bring the workpiece W to a predetermined position. Thereafter, while rotating the tool 41, the Z1-axis motor 13 and the X1-axis motor 18 are simultaneously driven, and the workpiece W and the tool 41 are relatively moved so that the tool 41 enters the workpiece W from the tip at the desired angle. . Thereby, an oblique hole is drilled in the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30.

  When drilling an oblique hole in the work W gripped by the back spindle 50, the tool 41 is driven with respect to the axis of the work W gripped by the back spindle 50 by driving the direction changing motor 43 before machining. The drive is controlled so as to be at an angle. Next, the Z3-axis motor 22 or the Z2-axis motor 17 is driven to bring the workpiece W to a predetermined position. Thereafter, while rotating the tool 41, the Z3-axis motor 22 and the X1-axis motor 18 are simultaneously driven, and the workpiece W and the tool 41 are relatively moved so that the tool 41 enters the workpiece W from the tip at the desired angle. . Thereby, an oblique hole is drilled in the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a machining example 4 for machining the inner diameter.
When the inner diameter machining is performed on the workpiece W gripped by the main spindle 30 and the workpiece W gripped by the rear main spindle 50, the tool spindle 40 is subjected to the same processing as when an inner diameter tool is attached and the end face is drilled. That is, the X1-axis motor 18 and the direction conversion motor 43 are driven so that the axis of the tool 41 and the axis of the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 are aligned, and the tip of the tool 41 is the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30. Try to face the tip. Next, while driving the workpiece rotation motor 31 to rotate the workpiece W, the Z1-axis motor 13 or the Z2-axis motor 17 is driven to relatively move the tip of the tool 41 toward the spindle 30 side. Then, by driving the Z1-axis motor 13 and the X1-axis motor 18, the tool 41 moves in the Z1-axis direction and the X1-axis direction, so that the workpiece W gripped by the main shaft 30 is cut to a desired inner diameter.

  After the machining of the workpiece W on the spindle 30 side is completed, the X1-axis motor 18 is driven to retract the tool spindle 40. The direction conversion motor 43 is driven to rotate the tool spindle 40 by 180 ° so that the tip of the tool 41 faces the tip of the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50. Then, while driving the workpiece rotation motor 51 to rotate the workpiece W, the Z3-axis motor 22 is driven to move the tip of the tool 41 toward the back spindle 50 side. Then, by driving the Z3-axis motor 22 and the X1-axis motor 18, the tool 41 moves in the Z3-axis direction and the X1-axis direction, so that the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50 is cut to a desired inner diameter. .

  The above machining examples are machining using the tool 41 attached to the tool spindle 40. Other processing is also possible by using the tool 41. Other processing examples will be briefly described.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of processing example 5 in which the workpiece W is cut linearly.
When cutting a part of the workpiece W to make the cross section of the workpiece W D-shaped, an end mill is attached to the tool spindle 40 as a tool 41, the tool spindle 40 is moved to a predetermined position, and then the tool 41 is rotated. However, as shown in FIG. 10, the Y1-axis motor 42 is driven to move the end mill in the Y1-axis direction. Thereby, the workpiece | work W is cut and the cross section of the workpiece | work W becomes D shape.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of processing example 6 for drilling an eccentric hole.
When an eccentric hole is formed by drilling a position shifted from the center axis of the workpiece W, a drill is attached as the tool 41 to the tool spindle 40 and the Z2 axis motor 17 is driven to move the tool spindle 40 to a predetermined position. Then, the Y1-axis motor 42 is driven to shift the height of the tool 41 from the center of the workpiece W. Then, while rotating the tool 41, the X1-axis motor 18 is driven to advance the tool 41 as shown in FIG. Thereby, an eccentric hole is formed in the workpiece W.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are explanatory views of Working Example 7 in which the end portion of the workpiece is cut obliquely. FIG. 12A shows a front view and FIG. 12B shows a side view.
When the end of the workpiece W is cut obliquely, an end mill is attached as a tool 41 to the tool spindle 40. The direction conversion motor 43 is driven, and the drive control is performed so that the tool 41 has a desired angle with respect to the axis of the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30. Then, the Y1-axis motor 42 is driven to move the tool 41 in the Y1-axis direction. Thereby, the tool 41 strikes the tip of the workpiece W obliquely, and the tip of the workpiece W is cut obliquely.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are explanatory views of Working Example 8 in which hobbing is performed on a workpiece, where FIG. 13A shows a front view and FIG. 13B shows a side view.
When performing hobbing to form a gear on the workpiece W, the hob is attached to the tool spindle 40 as the tool 41. Next, after the tool spindle 40 is moved to a predetermined position, the direction conversion motor 43 is driven to drive and control the direction of the tool 41 to a predetermined angle. While synchronously controlling the rotation of the tool 41 and the rotation of the workpiece W at a predetermined rotation ratio, the Z1-axis motor 13 is driven to advance the workpiece W. Thereby, the workpiece W moves while being cut by the tool 41, and a gear is formed on the workpiece W.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of machining example 9 in which the workpiece 41 and the tool 61 are used to machine the outer diameter of the workpiece.
When the outer diameter of the workpiece W is processed by the tool 41 of the tool spindle 40 and the tool 61 attached to the tool post 60, an outer diameter tool is attached to the tool spindle 40 as the tool 41. Is selected. The spindle 30, the back spindle 50, and the tool spindle 40 are controlled in the same manner as in the case where the outer diameter machining of the workpiece W is performed with the tool 41 alone.

  On the other hand, with respect to the tool post 60, the rotating body 62 is rotated so that the selected tool 61 faces the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, the X2 axis motor 25 is driven, and the tool 61 moves the workpiece W on. Cut the outer circumference. Thereby, the outer diameter of the workpiece W is machined by the tools 41 and 61. Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 are opposed to each other with the workpiece W interposed therebetween and cut the workpiece W, the workpiece W is prevented from being shaken, and high-precision machining is possible. Moreover, since the outer diameter of the workpiece W is simultaneously processed by the two tools 41 and 61, the total processing time is also shortened.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a machining example 10 in which the workpiece 41 is drilled with the tool 41 and the tool 61.
When drilling the workpiece W, a drill is attached as the tool 41 of the tool spindle 40, the drill is selected as the tool 61 of the tool post 60, the rotating body 62 is rotated, and the selected tool 61 is opposed to the workpiece W. . Then, the Z2 axis motor 17 and the Z4 axis motor 24 are driven to move the tool 41 and the tool 61 to predetermined positions. Thereafter, the X1-axis motor 18 and the X2-axis motor 25 are driven while the tool 41 and the tool 61 are rotated, and the tool 41 and the tool 61 are advanced toward the workpiece W.
By moving forward, the tool 41 and the tool 61 abut against the workpiece W and cut. Thereby, a hole is formed in the workpiece W symmetrically. Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 are opposed to each other with the workpiece W interposed therebetween and cut the workpiece W, the workpiece W is prevented from being shaken, and high-precision machining is possible. In addition, since the workpiece W is simultaneously processed by the two tools 41 and 61, the total processing time is shortened compared to the case where the workpiece W is processed by only the tool 41.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of machining example 11 in which two workpieces are machined simultaneously.
For example, when machining an eccentric hole at the tip of the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 and simultaneously performing outside diameter machining on the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50, an outer diameter tool is used as the tool 41 of the tool spindle 40. Install. The X1-axis motor 18 is driven to advance the tool 41 to a predetermined position. As the tool 61 of the tool post 60, a drill is selected, the rotating body 62 is rotated, and the X2-axis motor 25 is driven so that the tip of the selected tool 61 is directed to the machining position of the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30. Adjust to. Then, while rotating the tool 61, the Z1-axis motor 13 is driven to advance the workpiece W of the main spindle 30.

  At the same time, the Z3 axis motor 22 is driven to advance the workpiece W on the back spindle 50 side while driving the workpiece rotation motor 51 to rotate the workpiece W on the back spindle 50 side. Thereby, an eccentric hole is formed at the tip of the work W on the main spindle 30 side, and the outer peripheral surface of the work W on the rear main spindle 50 side is cut.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of machining example 12 in which two workpieces are machined simultaneously.
When, for example, outer diameter machining is performed on the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 and the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50, one of the workpieces W is simultaneously processed by the tool 41 attached to the tool spindle 40 and the tool 61 of the tool post 60. Alternatively, different workpieces W may be machined by the tool 41 and the tool 61, respectively.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of Processing Example 13 for forming a spanner part.
When a spanner portion is formed on the workpiece W, an end mill is attached as the tool 41 to the tool spindle 40 and the end mill is selected as the tool 61 by the tool post 60. After the tools 41 and 61 are moved to predetermined positions, the Y1-axis motor 42 and the Y2-axis motor 63 are driven to move the tools 41 and 61 in the Y1-axis direction and the Y2-axis direction, respectively. Thereby, both sides of the workpiece W are cut to form a spanner part.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of processing example 14 for forming an eccentric hole.
When two eccentric holes are formed in the workpiece W, a drill is attached to the tool spindle 40 as the tool 41 and the tool post 60 selects the drill as the tool 61. After the tools 41 and 61 are moved to predetermined positions in the Z2 axis direction and the Z4 axis direction, the Y1 axis direction motor 42 and the Y2 axis motor 63 are driven, and the tools 41 and 61 are moved in the Y1 axis direction and the Y2 axis direction. The position is adjusted to be a predetermined position. Next, the X1-axis motor 18 and the X2-axis motor 25 are driven to advance the tools 41 and 61. Thereby, the workpiece | work W is drilled and two eccentric holes are formed simultaneously.

As described above, the lathe of this embodiment has the following operational effects.
(1) Since the main spindle 30, the tool main spindle 40, the rear main spindle 50, and the guide bush 90 are provided, the workpiece W is prevented from being bent when machining into a long workpiece W, and the accuracy is high. Processing becomes possible. Further, not only can the tip surface of the workpiece W be machined, but also the workpiece W is transferred between the spindle 30 and the rear spindle 50 after the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 is cut off. It is also possible to machine both end faces of the. Therefore, a workpiece having various lengths from a short length to a long length can be fully processed into a complicated shape including both ends.

(2) Both the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 and the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50 can be machined without stopping the machine.
(3) Since both the workpiece W gripped by the spindle 30 and the workpiece W gripped by the back spindle 50 can be machined by the common tool 41, it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of the same type of tools 41.

(4) Since the tool magazine 70 is provided, it is possible to prepare a plurality of types of tools 41 in advance.
(5) Since the tool change mechanism 80 is provided, the tool 41 can be changed without stopping the machine.

  (6) Since the tool spindle 40 can be moved in the Y1-axis direction, the position of the tool 41 can be freely moved three-dimensionally, and an eccentric hole or an oblique hole is made in the workpiece W. Complex processing such as processing and hobbing becomes possible.

  (7) Since the tool post 60 is provided, the tool to be used next can be prepared on the tool post 60 side while the tool 41 of the tool spindle 40 is performing processing. On the contrary, for example, while the tool 61 of the tool post 60 is being processed, the tool to be used next can be prepared on the tool spindle 40 side. Thereby, the idle time of a tool change can be shortened.

(8) Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 can be processed simultaneously, the processing time can be shortened.
(9) Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 can be processed simultaneously, one can be used for roughing and the other for finishing.

(10) Since the tool 41 and the tool 61 can be used for processing at the same time, different places on the workpiece W can be processed simultaneously.
(11) Since a hole through which the workpiece W passes is formed in the back main shaft 50, a longer workpiece W is also attached. This eliminates the need to increase the size of the machine.

  (12) The tool spindle 40 is supported by the tool spindle stock 40A. One end of the tool spindle stock 40A is attached to the spindle 40i via the attachment plate 40k, and the other end of the tool spindle stock 40A is supported by the column 40c via the holder 40n. The spindle 40i is supported by the column 40c via a housing 40g, a bracket 40h, and a motor bracket 40e. In other words, the tool head stock 40A is supported by the column 40c in both ends. Thus, since the tool head stock 40A is supported by both ends, the resistance against the stress when the tool 41 is brought into contact with the workpiece W is improved, and the processing accuracy can be improved.

(13) The height of the tool spindle 40A and the tool spindle 40 is adjusted by the Y1-axis motor 42, the center line of the workpiece W and the center line of the tool 41 are set to be substantially the same, and the tool 41 is moved to the workpiece W The following advantages can be obtained by abutting on the surface.
20A and 20B are explanatory views of the height of the workpiece W and the tool spindle stock 40A.

When the temperature of the machine rises due to operation of the machine or the like, the headstock 30A and the like thermally expand, and the height of the spindle 30 and the workpiece W increases. On the other hand, the base 40a supporting the tool 41 and the tool spindle 40, the column 40c, and the like are similarly thermally expanded, and the heights of the tool spindle 40 and the tool 41 are increased. For example, as shown in FIG. 20A, when the tool spindle 40A is supported above the workpiece W and the workpiece W is machined from above, the amount of displacement of the height of the tool spindle 40 due to thermal expansion is the thermal expansion. Is larger than the amount of displacement of the height of the workpiece W. For this reason, the relative position of the tool spindle 40 and the workpiece W changes, and the machining accuracy is lowered.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20B, the tool 41 is processed at the same height as the workpiece W. Therefore, the displacement amount of the tool 41 due to thermal expansion is the amount of displacement of the workpiece W due to thermal expansion. It becomes the same as the displacement. Therefore, even if the temperature of the machine changes, the relative position between the tool 41 and the workpiece W does not change, so that the machining accuracy can be maintained.

  Note that the present invention can be modified in various ways regardless of the above embodiment. Examples of such modifications include the following.

  (I) In the above embodiment, the X1, X2 axis direction, the Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 axis direction, and the Y1, Y2 axis direction are perpendicular to each other. You don't have to.

  (Ii) In the above embodiment, the X1 axis direction and the X2 axis direction are parallel, and the Y1 axis direction and the Y2 axis direction are parallel, but they may not be parallel. For example, the tool spindle 40 may be moved downward from the diagonally upper direction to advance the tool 41, and in contrast to this, the tool post 60 may be moved downward from the diagonally upward to advance the tool 61.

  (Iii) The workpiece W may be processed by fixing the position of the tool spindle 40 or the tool post 60 and moving the spindle 30 or the back spindle 50. Conversely, the position of the spindle 30 or the back spindle 50 is changed. Alternatively, the tool spindle 40 or the tool post 60 may be moved while being fixed.

  (Iv) The tool head stock 40A may be configured to have the rotating body portion 62 and the tool 61 like the tool post 60, and may be rotated in a plane including the Z2 axis direction and the X1 axis direction.

1 is a front view of a lathe according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of a lathe. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the tool spindle in FIG. 1, and a tool post. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the mechanism which moves a tool head stock. It is a figure which shows the modification of a tool post. It is explanatory drawing of the example 1 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 2 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 3 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 4 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 5 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 6 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 7 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 8 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 9 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 10 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 11 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 12 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 13 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the example 14 of a process. It is explanatory drawing of the height of a workpiece | work and a tool spindle.

Explanation of symbols

10 Bed 13 Z1 Axis Motor 17 Z2 Axis Motor 18 X1 Axis Motor 22 Z3 Axis Motor 24 Z4 Axis Motor 25 X2 Axis Motor 30 Spindle 31, 51 Work Rotation Motor 40 Tool Spindle 42 Y1 Axis Motor 43 Direction Conversion Motor 50 Back Spindle 60 Blade Table 70 Tool magazine 80 Tool change mechanism 90 Guide bush

Claims (5)

A spindle that has a function of gripping and rotating the workpiece so that the rotation axis is horizontal , and a spindle capable of reciprocating in the Z direction parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece;
Rutotomoni disposed opposite to the spindle, the workpiece gripped by the main spindle hole through is formed, has a function of rotating by holding the workpiece, and the sub spindle reciprocally movable in the Z direction,
Before SL is reciprocally moved in the X direction of the different directions with the Z direction together with a reciprocally movable in the Z direction, rotatably and height of the center line of the tool and said tool for machining said workpiece A tool spindle that can be gripped so that the height of the center line of the workpiece is equal, and can rotate in an XZ plane including the Z direction and the X direction to change the orientation of the tool;
A guide bush for rotatably supporting the workpiece protruding from the main shaft and sliding in the direction of the rotation shaft;
A tool magazine containing any number of the tools;
A tool changing means for replacing a tool already attached to the tool spindle with a tool accommodated in the tool magazine ;
A first shaft that is attached to one end of the tool spindle and that is rotatably supported by a support that is movable in the Y direction different from the Z direction and the X direction, and the tool spindle that is different from the one end A second shaft that is mounted coaxially with the first shaft and supported by the hole formed in the support that does not move in the Y direction and is slidable in the Y direction. The tool spindle is supported by the first axis and the second axis, and the tool spindle is rotated in the XZ plane by rotating the first axis and the second axis.
The tool spindle is reciprocally movable in the Y direction .
A lathe characterized by that. An arbitrary number of tools are mounted, and a tool post that moves independently of the tool spindle and processes a workpiece gripped by the spindle or the back spindle using the mounted tool is provided.
The lathe according to claim 1 . The lathe according to claim 2 , wherein the tool post is reciprocally movable in the X direction. The lathe according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the tool post is reciprocally movable in the Z direction. The tool rest, lathe according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it is reciprocally movable in the Y direction.

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