JP2002331401A - Small diameter hole machining method in lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform turning, flattening, grooving, and machining of an inclined small diameter hole and a deep hole on the same machine by providing a technical means for highly accurately machining the deep hole having a small diameter by using a rotary tool such as a drill installed in a lathe. SOLUTION: One of a toolpost is a turret toolpost 5, and the other is a turret toolpost having a rotary tool driving shaft or a toolpost 4 mounted with a rotary tool driving device turnable around the Y axis. A rotary tool 8 is installed in the turret 4a toolpost having the rotary tool driving shaft or the rotary tool driving device. A guide block 9 having an axial directional guide bush 11 of the rotary tool 8 is installed in the other turret toolpost. The guide bush 11 is brought near to a boring position of a work 3 gripped by a main spindle, and the rotary tool 8 is guided by the guide bush 11 to perform boring machining.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machining method suitable for machining a small-diameter hole, particularly a small-diameter deep hole, in a work (workpiece) using a rotary tool such as a drill mounted on a lathe. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When drilling holes in a work using a rotary tool such as a drill, the tip of the tool is inserted into the work, especially when the surface of the work is a casting surface or the hole to be machined is an oblique hole. When contact is made, a processing reaction force acts obliquely from the work surface to the tool tip, causing a phenomenon that the tool tip flows (the tool bends and the tip position shifts).
Especially when machining deep holes with small diameters, a long and slender tool is used, so the bending of the tool due to the reaction force from the work increases, causing errors in the drilling position and angle, and the shape of the entrance of the hole is irregular. Troubles, such as loss of diameter and hole diameter, and breakage of tools frequently occur.

[0003] Therefore, when machining an oblique hole in a work, the work surface is counterbore machined on a plane orthogonal to the axis of the hole, and then the hole is machined, or a jig provided with a guide bush is fixed to the work. Then, the tip of the tool is guided by this guide bush, and drilling is performed in a state where the cutting edge is restrained from flowing.

[0004] However, many works cannot be counterbored, and a method using a jig cannot be performed with a lathe. Must be removed from the lathe and drilled by another machine such as a drilling machine.

[0005]

However, when it is required to machine a slanted small hole or deep hole in a work to be machined by a lathe, the work is removed from the lathe and machined by another machine for this hole machining. This increases the machining time of the work and the manpower required for the machining. In particular, with the recent advancement of technology, the number of workpieces with complex shapes has increased, and demands for increased productivity and labor saving have made it possible to perform multiple processes from raw materials to finished products on a single machine. Has been requested.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a means for machining a small-diameter hole with high precision in a workpiece to be machined by a lathe, thereby enabling turning, plane machining, grooving, etc., as well as inclined small-diameter holes and deep small-diameter holes. It is an object of the present invention to enable continuous processing on the same machine.

[0007]

In the method of machining a small-diameter hole according to the present invention, a numerically controlled lathe provided with tool rests 4, 5 before and after or vertically above and below the spindle axis 1 is used. Tool post 4, 5,
One of 12 is a turret tool rest, and the other 4 is a turret tool rest equipped with a rotary tool drive shaft or a tool rest equipped with a rotary tool drive device 13 capable of turning around the Y axis. The rotary tool driving device 13 is provided with an automatic tool changing device 15.

When using a lathe having two turret tool rests 4, 5, a tool holder 6 for holding a rotary tool 8 is mounted on a turret tool rest having a rotary tool drive shaft, and the other turret tool rest is used. The guide block 9 having the guide bush 11 in the axial direction of the rotary tool is mounted on the rotary tool. Then, the rotation of the spindle is fixed at a predetermined angle, and the guide bush 1 is fixed.
The tool post is fixed by bringing the workpiece 1 close to the drilling position of the workpiece 3 gripped by the spindle, and the rotary tool 8 is guided by the guide block 9 to perform the drilling.

When using a lathe provided with the tool rest 12 for rotating tools equipped with the tool driving device 13 and the turret tool rest 5, the rotary tool 8 is mounted on the tool driving device 13 to form a hole to be machined. Rotary tool drive 13 in axial direction
Is turned, and a guide block 9 having a guide bush 11 in the axial direction of a hole to be machined in the turret 5a of the turret tool rest is mounted. Then, the rotation of the spindle is fixed at a predetermined angle, the turret tool rest 5 is fixed by bringing the guide bush 11 close to the drilling position of the work gripped by the spindle, and the rotary tool 8 is guided by the guide block 9 to form the hole. Opening process is performed.

In the above method, the turret tool rest on which the guide block 9 is mounted can be positioned in the Y-axis direction by using a lathe. By arranging a plurality of different guide bushes 11, it is possible to process a plurality of holes having different inclination angles and hole diameters.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing an example of processing an oblique hole.
In the method of the present invention, a lathe provided with two tool rests arranged vertically or front and rear with respect to the spindle axis 1 is used. Here, for convenience of description, the two tool rests will be distinguished from each other using upper and lower terms. In the figure, 14 is a headstock of a lathe, 2 is a chuck mounted on the main shaft of the lathe, and 3 is a work held by the chuck.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a lathe in which both upper and lower tool rests 4 and 5 are turret tool rests is used.
The turret 4 a of the upper tool rest 4 has a built-in tool drive shaft directed to the spindle axis 1. When the rotary tool mounted on the tool mounting station on the peripheral surface of the turret is indexed to the spindle axis side, the base shaft of the tool chuck holding the rotary tool is drivingly connected to the tool drive shaft, The tool is driven to rotate.

An angle holder 6 is mounted on the turret 4a of the upper tool rest at one of the tool mounting stations. The tool chuck 7 of the angle holder 6
It faces a direction obliquely intersecting with the main axis 1.
The oblique tool chuck 7 and a shaft on the base end side facing the radial direction of the turret 4a (a shaft that engages with a tool drive shaft in the turret) are connected via a bevel gear or a universal rotary joint built into the angle holder 6. Drive-coupled. An elongated drill 8 for deep hole drilling is mounted on the tool chuck 7.

A guide block 9 is mounted on one of the tool mounting stations of the turret 5a of the lower tool rest 5. The guide block 9 is provided with a through hole 10 having the same inclination angle as the inclination angle of the axis of the tool chuck, and a guide bush 11 is inserted into this through hole. The guide bush 11 has a guide hole 11 a for guiding the outer periphery of the drill 8.

When drilling a hole in the work 3 with the drill 8, the rotation (C axis) of the main axis of the lathe around the Z axis is fixed, and the guide block 9 is indexed by turning the turret 5a.
By moving the lower tool rest 5 in the Z-axis and X-axis directions, the guide bush 11 is moved to a position close to the workpiece surface on the axis of the hole to be machined, thereby fixing the position of the lower tool rest.

On the other hand, the upper tool rest 4 indexes a drill 8 with a turret 4a and positions the drill 8 on the axis of a hole to be machined. Then, the drill 8 is advanced by controlling the movement of the upper tool rest 4 in the Z-axis direction and the movement in the X-axis direction, and the workpiece is drilled while the tip of the drill is guided by the guide hole 11a of the guide bush. When the drilling is completed, the upper and lower tool rests 4, 5 return to their original positions (indicated by imaginary lines in the figure), rotate the turrets 4a, 5a to find a tool for the next process, and then process the next process. Move on.

The turret 4a of the upper tool rest can be equipped with various rotary tools such as a milling machine, a reamer, an end mill, and the like, and can perform a groove machining and a planar machining of the work 3. Also,
Various turning tools can be mounted on the turrets 4a and 5a of the upper and lower tool rests, and they can be appropriately indexed to perform outer peripheral processing, inner peripheral processing, parting-off processing, end face processing, and the like. . Therefore, by using the method of the present invention, it is possible to perform an integrated processing from a raw material including a diagonal deep hole processing on a lathe to a finished product.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a second embodiment of the present invention. The upper and lower tool rests of the second embodiment are both turret tool rests, but the upper and lower positional relationship is opposite to that of the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, a tool drive shaft is built in a turret 5a of the lower tool rest 5, and a plurality of angle holders 6 are mounted on the turret 5a.
The angle of inclination of each angle holder and / or the diameter of the drill mounted on each angle holder are different. The upper tool post 4 of the lathe according to the second embodiment can be moved and positioned not only in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction but also in the Y-axis direction (a direction orthogonal to the ZX plane). The guide block 9a mounted on the turret 4a of the upper turret includes a plurality of through holes 10 and guide bushes 11 arranged at predetermined intervals in a tangential direction of the indexing rotation of the turret 4a (see FIG. 3). The number of the guide bushes, the diameter and the inclination angle of the guide holes correspond to the number of the plurality of angle holders mounted on the turret 5a of the lower turret, and the diameter and the angle of the drill mounted on each angle holder. .

When making an oblique hole in the work 3, a drill that matches the hole diameter and angle is indexed with the turret 5a of the lower turret, the guide block 9a is indexed with the turret of the upper turret, and the upper turret 4 is further indexed. The guide bush corresponding to the drill selected from the plurality of guide bushes provided on the guide block 9a is moved by ZX in the Y-axis direction.
It is selected by placing it on a plane. Then the first
Similarly to the embodiment, the selected guide bush 11 is positioned close to the hole drilling position of the workpiece, and the lower turret 5a is moved in the tool axis direction of the drill 8 while rotating the tool drive shaft of the turret 5a of the lower turret. Move to perform hole processing.

In the second embodiment, a plurality of types of holes having different hole diameters and / or inclination angles can be continuously formed on the same machine, and a guide used for a plurality of holes is formed. Since the bush can be provided on one guide block, the number of tools mounted on the turret 4a of the upper tool rest does not need to be significantly reduced. Note that a plurality of guide bushes 11 can be arranged in the radial direction of the turret indexing rotation. However, in such a case, when a large number of guide bushes are provided, the radial size of the guide block 9 increases, and the turret becomes large. Since a problem of interference between the guide bush and other members of the lathe at the time of turning occurs, it is more preferable to dispose the guide bush and select the bush by moving the tool post in the Y-axis direction as in this embodiment. .

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
The upper tool rest 12 of the third embodiment is provided with a rotary tool driving device 13 that turns around the Y axis in the ZX plane. An automatic tool changing device 15 is provided above the headstock 14, and the automatic tool changing device 15 can change a rotary tool mounted on a tool holder 16 of the rotary tool driving device. . The tool exchange is performed by moving the upper tool rest 12 toward the automatic tool changing device 15 with the tool holder 16 of the rotary tool driving device facing the automatic tool changing device 15. The rotary tool driving device 13 has a larger tool driving force than the tool driving shaft of the turret, and can have a higher support rigidity. Therefore, a large rotary tool such as a face mill is mounted, and a large area of the outer periphery of the workpiece is machined. And so on.

A guide block 9a having the same structure as in the second embodiment is mounted on the turret 5a of the lower tool rest.
A plurality of guide bushes 11 having the same guide hole diameter and different inclination angles are mounted on the guide block 9a. The lower tool rest 5 can be moved and positioned in the Y-axis direction, as in the second embodiment.

In the third embodiment, the angle of rotation of the rotary tool driving device at a plurality of positions around the Y axis is determined by a single drill 8 mounted on the tool holder 16 of the rotary tool driving device. Different hole machining is possible. The guide block 9a is provided with a guide bush 11 having an angle corresponding to a plurality of positioning angles of the rotary tool driving device 13. That is, in the third embodiment, the rotary tool driving device 13 is set at an angle corresponding to the angle of the hole to be machined in the work.
Is rotated and fixed, and the guide bush having an angle corresponding to the hole angle is selected on the ZX plane by moving the lower tool rest 5 in the Y-axis direction, and is selected by the procedure described in the first embodiment. I do.

In the second and third embodiments, the upper tool rest 4,
When the movable member 12 can be moved and positioned in the Y-axis direction, it is possible to perform an inclined hole processing at a position away from the center of the main axis of the work in the Y-axis direction.

[0025]

In the above-described deep hole drilling of a workpiece according to the method of the present invention, the advantage of the drilling method in which the tool tip is guided by a guide bush, that is, the positioning accuracy of the tool edge is high, The flow of the tool edge when the tip comes into contact with the work surface is significantly reduced, and the whirling of the tool edge is almost eliminated, so that the phenomenon that the diameter of the hole to be machined becomes large or the shape is distorted can be prevented, and the small diameter can be prevented. Even in the case of drilling holes, the risk of tool breakage is reduced, automation and labor saving can be realized, and the processing load of the tool can be increased, so the effect that the drilling time required for drilling can be dramatically reduced Is done.

In the conventional small-diameter deep hole drilling,
In order to increase the processing accuracy of the hole, a processing method has been adopted in which tools having the same diameter but different lengths are prepared, and the holes are gradually deepened by using the tools having the shorter length in order. This is a method in which whirling of an elongated rotary tool is prevented by processing a deep hole by using a previously processed shallow hole as a guide. According to the method of the present invention, even when machining a deep hole having a small diameter, since the whirling of the tool is regulated by the guide bush, it is possible to machine holes having different depths with a single long tool. In addition, the number of types of tools to be mounted on the machine can be reduced, and the time required for tool change is not required, so that processing time and processing cost can be reduced.

Further, in the method of the present invention, a plurality of types of turning tools mounted on a turret tool post, a plurality of types of rotary tools mounted on a turret having a rotary tool shaft, and a tool changing device of a rotary tool driving device are used. Since various types of processing such as turning, plane processing, and grooving can be performed on the same machine, various types of processing including inclined small-diameter deep hole processing can be performed on the same machine. This eliminates the need for the time and labor required for moving the workpiece between the workpiece and the workpiece, and for unloading and unloading the workpiece to and from the machine.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a processing method according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a processing method according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view illustrating a guide block used in a second embodiment (and a third embodiment).

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a processing method according to a third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 6 Angle holder 9 Guide block 11 Guide bush 16 Tool holder

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A turret tool provided with a rotary tool drive shaft using a numerically controlled lathe provided with a turret tool post before and after or above and below the spindle axis, at least one of the turret tool posts having a rotary tool drive shaft. Rotary tool holder on table (6)
A guide block (9) having a guide bush (11) in the axial direction of the rotary tool holder is mounted on the other turret tool rest, and rotation of the main shaft is fixed at a predetermined angle, and the guide bush is fixed. The other tool rest is fixed in the vicinity of a hole punching position of a work gripped by a spindle, and a hole is drilled by guiding a rotary tool mounted on the rotary tool holder by the guide block. Processing method of small diameter hole in lathe. 2. A lathe in which a tool rest for a rotary tool and a turret tool rest having a rotary tool driving device capable of turning around a Y axis with a spindle axis interposed therebetween is used. A guide block (9) provided with a guide bush (11) in the axial direction of a hole to be mounted and machined on the turret of the turret tool post is mounted, and the axis of the rotary tool is oriented in the axial direction of the guide bush. The rotary tool driving device is turned so that the rotation of the main spindle is fixed at a predetermined angle, the guide bush is brought close to the drilling position of the work gripped by the main spindle, the turret tool rest is fixed, and the rotary tool is rotated. A method for processing a small-diameter hole in a lathe, characterized in that a hole is drilled by being guided by the guide block. 3. A plurality of guides having different inclination angles or different hole diameters, wherein a tool post on which the guide block is mounted can be controlled and positioned also in a Y-axis direction, and the guide block is arranged in a tangential direction of a turret indexing rotation. The method for processing a small-diameter hole according to claim 1, further comprising a bush.