JP4485578B2 - 二酸化炭素の軽減方法及び二酸化炭素軽減装置 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素の軽減方法及び二酸化炭素軽減装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
この場合の熱分解は、プラズマアーク処理により行うことができる。ここで、プラズマアーク処理は、水素を使用するプラズマを生成するために電気を利用する。炭化水素を、空気がない状態で元素炭素と水素とに熱分解するプロセスが明確になった。
その反応は、そのプロセスにおいて生成された炭素粒子によって触媒作用が及ぼされる。自熱型において少量の酸素が存在する状態におけるメタン分解のためのプロセスは、窒素によって明らかにされる。第2ヨーロッパ水素エネルギ会議で提示された基本方針書類におけるMuradovに示されている。
前記セパレータから前記分離された粉末状炭素を前記格納ユニットに送る第4ステップと、
燃料として使用するために、前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスを前記乗物のICEに供給する第5ステップとを有することを特徴とする。
は他の目的部に送られる。水素又は水素富化ガスは、吸気エア又は吸気エア/燃料混合物
を混合する吸気マニホールドを介して、又は、燃料室内に直接それを注入する特別なイン
ジェクタを介して、内燃機関13に導入される。
に対して元素炭素の発熱量が33.8MJ/kgであり、ボイラー、ガス反応器、産業炉に供給さ
れる燃料増量剤又は可燃性燃料として使用することができる。
て公知の他の方法を用いて二酸化炭素の排出量を低減できる固定型の発生源まで、排出さ
れた炭素の一部を移送するということが理解されるであろう。
0.25×0.865kgC×33.8MJ/kgC=7.309MJ
・・・・(1)
この例においてガソリンを分離するための必要なエネルギは、1.073MJ/Kgであると見積もられる。燃料1kgの25%脱炭素に対して、このエネルギは
0.25kg×1.073MJ/kg=0.268MJである。
・・・・(2)
それゆえに、25%脱炭素の結果として燃料の1kgあたりの総エネルギは、
活用されなかった炭素エネルギ+分離エネルギ=7.309MJ+0.268MJ=70577MJ
・・・・・・(3)
である。
・・・・・(4)
である。
よる効果との組み合わせにより最大24%の燃費減少を示した。
脱炭素ユニットによって生成された水素の一部を使用することは、全体の燃焼効率を改善
するであろう。
は、分離されるものである燃料の温度を上げるためにエンジンの排出ガスの熱を使用する
ことによって燃料分離プロセスのために必要なエネルギを大幅に減らすことができる。
バーし、失われたエネルギの価値を補うために適切なドル価値を持っている。
に燃料の種類や分離の過程によって変わる。メタン分離に関して公表された結果によれば、熱触媒分離を使用することによって生産された炭素は、1kgあたりの価格が0.22〜0.41$(SRI 国際、科学経済ハンドブック、1997)である無定形の結晶グラファイトが中心となることが予想される。
7 分離装置
8 冷却ユニット
9 セパレータ
11 炭素格納ユニット
12 ライン
13 内燃機関
15 アウトレット
16 混合ユニット
20 車載燃料電池
22 補助電源ユニット
23 供給ライン
24 後処理システム
25 3式バルブ
Claims (20)
- 搭載された脱炭素装置に少なくとも燃料の一部を供給することにより、水素燃料燃焼内燃機関(ICE)によって駆動される乗物から排出される二酸化炭素を軽減する二酸化炭素の軽減方法であって、
前記脱炭素装置は、分離装置、冷却ユニット、セパレータ及び格納ユニットを含んでおり、
前記分離装置にガス化され又は蒸発された炭化水素燃料を供給することにより、前記燃料を分離して、水素又は水素富化ガスと粉末状元素炭素とを生成する第1ステップと、
前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスと、前記粉末状炭素とを前記冷却ユニットの熱交換器において冷却する第2ステップと、
前記セパレータにおいて前記粉末状炭素から前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスを分離する第3ステップと、
前記セパレータから前記分離された粉末状炭素を前記格納ユニットに送る第4ステップと、
燃料として使用するために、前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスを前記乗物のICEに供給する第5ステップとを有することを特徴とする二酸化炭素の軽減方法。 - 前記分離装置における前記燃料の分離は、熱触媒分離プロセス、プラズマ分離プロセス、自己熱触媒分離プロセス及び超断熱分離プロセスから選択される分離プロセスにより行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記燃料の脱炭素のために必要な熱は、電気、高温排出ガス、専用バーナ及びそれらの組合せのうちから選択される外部熱源から供給されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスは、吸気又はエア/燃料混合体とを混合するために前記乗物のICEに供給され、又は、エンジンの燃焼効率を向上するために燃焼チャンバーに直接装入されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記水素ガス又は前記水素富化ガスの一部は、前記乗物のICEから排出された酸化窒素(NOx)の処理後に水素ベースの選択的触媒還元のための還元剤として用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスは、搭載された補助電源装置としての水素ベースの燃料電池を作動するために用いられ、それによって前記乗物に必要な電気エネルギを供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記第3のステップにおいて分離された粉末状炭素は搭載された補助電源装置のような炭素ベースの燃料電池を作動するために用いられ、それにより前記乗物に必要な電気エネルギを供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記乗物から回収された粉末状炭素は、タイヤ製品内、冶金処理、トナー、インク、ペイント、シール、ガスケットの原材料として、ボイラー、ガス燃焼装置、産業加熱炉のための燃料又は燃料増量剤として使用するために処理されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記乗物に電力を供給するために活用される燃料の最大100%までが前記脱炭素装置において処理されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記脱炭素装置に装入される燃料は、ガソリン、ディーゼル、ナフサ、アルコール、天然ガス、これらの燃料を二つ以上混合したものを含んでいる運搬用車両のために使用される炭化水素燃料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記セパレータは、ガス/固体セパレーションサイクロン、膜組織、ろ過装置から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記脱炭素装置及び前記内燃機関への燃料流量比率を適合させることによって最適化された燃料分配スキームとなるようにプログラムした電子制御装置を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記内燃機関及び/又は前記水素ベースの燃料電池補助電源装置と水素ベースの後処理装置とを含む他の用途に供給される、前記脱炭素装置によって生成された前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスの流量を調節することを含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 搭載される炭素ベースの燃料電池補助電源装置に供給される、前記脱炭素装置において生成された前記分離されたガスの一部の流れを調節することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記分離装置の上流にエア/燃料混合物を供給するためにエアとともに前記炭化水素燃料を混合する第6ステップと、
同時発熱部分酸化反応と前記炭化水素燃料の吸熱分解を生じさせるための条件下で前記分離装置に前記エア/燃料混合物を供給し、粉末状元素炭素及び水素富化ガスを生成する第7ステップと、を有することを特徴とする二酸化炭素の軽減方法。 - 触媒分離プロセス又は超断熱分離プロセスは、前記同時部分酸化及び前記燃料の熱分解を達成するために活用され、前記部分酸化から放出された熱は分解に必要な前記熱の一部又は全部を供給することを特徴とする請求項15に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 前記エンジンの排出ガスから得られる熱のような外熱を、熱効率を最大にするために内熱とともに活用することを特徴とする請求項15に記載の二酸化炭素の軽減方法。
- 乗物に電力を供給するために使用され、炭化水素燃料を燃焼する内燃機関(ICE)から排出される二酸化炭素を減少するための二酸化炭素軽減装置であって、
該二酸化炭素減少装置に含まれる搭載型の脱炭素装置は、
水素又は水素富化ガスと粉末状元素炭素を生成するために蒸発した燃料を分離する分離装置と、
前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスと前記粉末状炭素とを熱交換によって冷却するために前記分離装置に対して連結された冷却ユニットと、
前記冷却された水素又は水素富化ガスと粉末状炭素の供給を受けるとともに、前記粉末状炭素から前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスを分離するために前記冷却ユニットに連結されたセパレータと、
分離された前記粉末状炭素を受けるために前記セパレータに連結された搭載型の炭素格納ユニットと、
前記セパレータから分離された前記水素又は前記水素富化ガスを脱炭素燃料として使用するために前記乗物のICEに搬送するための手段と、
を有することを特徴とする二酸化炭素軽減装置。 - 前記分離装置は、熱触媒分離プロセス、プラズマ分離プロセス、自己熱触媒分離プロセス及び超断熱分離プロセスからなる群より選択される分離プロセスを活用することを特徴とする請求項18に記載の二酸化炭素軽減装置。
- マイクロプロセッサと、
搭載型の炭化水素燃料保存タンクから前記脱炭素装置及び前記内燃機関に供給される燃料の流量が前記乗物の操作要求に適合するように最適化された燃料分配プログラムを有する電子制御装置とを有することを特徴とする請求項18に記載の二酸化炭素軽減装置。
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