JP4472925B2 - 骨移植を要しない脊椎固定機器 - Google Patents

骨移植を要しない脊椎固定機器 Download PDF

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JP4472925B2
JP4472925B2 JP2002533785A JP2002533785A JP4472925B2 JP 4472925 B2 JP4472925 B2 JP 4472925B2 JP 2002533785 A JP2002533785 A JP 2002533785A JP 2002533785 A JP2002533785 A JP 2002533785A JP 4472925 B2 JP4472925 B2 JP 4472925B2
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spinal implant
protrusion
spinal
implant
protruding
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JP2004516866A (ja
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メイスン、マイケル・ディ
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メイスン、マイケル・ディ
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/4455Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
    • A61F2/447Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages substantially parallelepipedal, e.g. having a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2310/00976Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of proteins or of polypeptides, e.g. of bone morphogenic proteins BMP or of transforming growth factors TGF

Description

【0001】
関連出願の相互参照
本出願は、“Spinal Fusion Device”の名称で2000年10月11日に出願された出願番号60/239,368号の先行出願(これは、引用により本明細書に含まれる)から、優先権を主張するものである。
【0002】
発明の背景
本発明は、背骨用プラント、特に、隣接する骨表面へのインプラントの固定を促進するために、ハイドロキシアパタイトのような生体活性塗料を用いる骨移植を要しない背骨用インプラントに関する。
【0003】
米国特許第6,241,769号“Implant for Spinal Fusion”及び米国特許第6,096,080号“Apparatus for Spinal Fusion Using Implant Devices”は、背骨置換用機器を開示するものである。いずれの特許も、先行技術の機器に関する問題を詳細に記載している。
【0004】
米国特許第6,241,769号及び6,096,080号(いずれも引用により本明細書に含まれる)に開示される機器は、隣接する骨表面における長期間の固定を促進するために中央の移植空間(graft space)を利用する。当該機器は、サンゴやリン酸カルシウム等の骨代用材料の人骨同種移植用材料から加工され得る。これらの特許に開示されている機器の問題点は、骨移植が必要とされることであり、そして、これらのタイプの機器における失敗率がかなり高いことである。さらに、容認し難い高い罹患率(例えば、30%)が存在する。
【0005】
それゆえ、隣接する脊椎骨表面へのインプラント機器の固定を促進し、それにより背骨の動作部分を安定化させるための骨移植を用いない、背骨用インプラント機器の需要が存在する。
【0006】
発明の開示
簡潔には、本発明において、インプラント可能な背骨固定機器は、外部の生体活性塗料を含む。
【0007】
一つの実施態様では、2つの隣接する脊椎を機械的に接続するための移植を要しない背骨用インプラントは、第1の表面及びそれと反対側の第2の表面を有する本体を含む。第1及び第2の表面は、隣接する脊椎に本体を固定するための少なくとも1の突起部材を含み、本体及び第1及び第2の突起部材の外面は生体活性塗料を含む。
【0008】
生体活性塗料は、例えば、ハイドロキシアパタイト、生体ガラス、生体合成物、ハイドロキシアパタイトリン酸三カルシウム、骨形成タンパク質、又はその他の骨を生成するタンパク質、等の塗料から選択され得る。
【0009】
外部の生体活性塗料は、インプラント可能な背骨固定機器及び隣接する脊椎の間の成長(ongrowth/ingrowth)を促進する。好ましくは、これにより、当該機器は、骨移植及び/又は骨成長剤の使用を避けることができる。
【0010】
これら及びその他の、本発明の目的、特徴、及び有利な効果は、図と共に、以下の好ましい実施態様についての詳細な記載を考慮することにより明確になるであろう。
【0011】
発明の詳細な記載
図1に、移植を要しない背骨前部固定機器10を示す。機器10は、本実施態様において実質的に長方形の形状である、本体12を含む。しかしながら、当業者は、本体12が長方形以外の形状で構成され得ることを認識するであろう。本体12は、また、第1及び第2の向い合う表面14、16を含む。当該実施態様では、第1及び第2の表面14、16は、実質的に並行であり、突起部材18−21を含む。好ましくは、本体と突起部材は一体(すなわち、単一)構造である。機器10は、また、緩やかな曲線/テーパー(taper)を有することもできる。
【0012】
図2は、背骨24内に手術によりインプラント可能な移植を要しない背骨前部固定機器10の簡略図である。背骨は、脊椎26、28、及び天然の椎間板30、32を含む。背骨24は、また、部分的に除去され、本発明の移植を要しない背骨前部固定機器10と置換された、病気の/損傷した椎間板34を含む。移植を要しない背骨前部固定機器10の外科的挿入に備えて、対応する突起部材(例えば、18−21)をしっかりと受け入れるサイズの鍵溝36−39は、病気の/損傷した椎間板に隣接する脊椎26、28のそれぞれにおいて形成される。
【0013】
図3は、図2に示した移植を要しない背骨固定インプラント10の側面図である。特に、伸長力及び回転力は、突起部材により中和される。
【0014】
本発明の特徴について、機器10は、ハイドロキシアパタイト、生体ガラス、生体合成物、ハイドロキシアパタイトリン酸三カルシウム、骨形成タンパク質、又はその他の骨を生成するタンパク質等の生体活性塗料によりコートされる。特に、生体活性塗料は、脊椎の成長(ongrowth/ingrowth)を促進する。
【0015】
図4は、移植を要しない背骨用インプラント70の第2の実施態様についての斜視図である。この実施態様も、また、実質的に長方形の本体72、及び第1及び第2の向い合う表面80、82のそれぞれから伸びる少なくとも一つの突起(例えば、74−77)を含む。特に、突起74−77は、実質的に円筒型の形状である。もちろん、隣接する脊椎において形成される鍵溝(図略)は、突起74−77を受け入れるような形状である。さらに、この骨移植を要しない背骨用インプラント70の外面は、凹凸/起伏があり、インプラントの表面積を増大させる複数のくぼみ79を含む。すなわち、移植を要しない背骨用インプラント70の外面は、好ましくは、隣接する骨とインプラントの固定を促進するために、複数の浅いくぼみ79を含む。凹凸のある表面には、ビーズ、円形付着物、及び/又は合成発泡体が含まれ得る。インプラント70の外面は、例えばハイドロキシアパタイト等のような生体活性塗料によりコートされる。この塗料は、脊椎の成長(ongrowth/ingrowth)を促進する。好ましい実施態様として図1−4に示される機器の外面は、好ましくは、同様に起伏があり、複数のくぼみを含む。
【0016】
さらなる実施態様では、インプラント70は、骨成長剤(bone growth agent)が収納され得る開口部84を含むことができる。結果として得られる機器は、開口部に収納される骨移植材料を含むため、もはや、純粋な「移植を要しない機器」とはいえないかもしれない。注目すべきは、この装置は、上述の移植を要しない機器の有利な点と、先行技術における移植技術の特徴を兼ね備えるということである。開口部84は、本体72を貫いて伸びることもでき(すなわち、貫通孔)、又は部分的にのみ本体を貫いて伸びることもできる。好ましくは、開口部を定める表面もまた、凹凸/起伏があり、浅いくぼみ/孔を含むことができる。
【0017】
図5及び6は、移植を要しない背骨用インプラント70のさらなる斜視図である。
【0018】
図7は、移植を要しない背骨用インプラント100のさらなる別の実施態様である。この背骨用インプラントは、当該実施態様が機器の少なくとも1の側面においてテーパーエッジ(tapered edge)102を含むという点以外は、図4−6に示したインプラントとほぼ同様である。テーパーエッジ102は、脊椎に切り込んだ鍵溝(図略)へのイン プラントの挿入を促進する。この実施態様において、インプラント100も、また、例えばハイドロキシアパタイト等のような生体活性塗料によりコートされる。
【0019】
インプラント自体は、チタン、ポリフェノールスルホン、ポリアリールエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリスルホン、アセタール(デルリン)、UHMWポリエチレン、及び、引張強度及びせん断強度を付与するための高強度カーボンファイバーまたはREMガラスフィラメントを含むこれらの材料の複合物、等の現在許容可能な種々の生体適合性材料を含み得る。インプラントは、また、人骨同種移植用材料、自家移植材料、又はサンゴやリン酸カルシウム等の骨代用材料から加工され得る。インプラントの本体は、所望ならば、適度のテーパーを有することができる。
【0020】
上述の実施態様では、実質的に蟻継ぎ形状、又は円筒型/馬蹄型の形状の突起部材を採用するが、本質的には、任意の形状の突起部材が、本発明の生体活性コーティングされたインプラントと共に用いられ得る。
【0021】
本発明は、それらのいくつかの好ましい実施態様について説明されてきたが、本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなく、それらの形式及び細部の変更、省略、及び付加がなされることも可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、移植を要しない背骨用インプラントの第1の実施態様についての斜視図である。
【図2】図2は、背骨内に手術によりインプラント可能な移植を要しない背骨用インプラントの正面図である。
【図3】図3は、図2に示した移植を要しない背骨用インプラントの側面図である。
【図4】図4は、移植を要しない背骨用インプラントの第2の実施態様についての斜視図である。
【図5】図5は、図4に示した移植を要しない背骨用インプラントのさらなる斜視図である。
【図6】図6は、図4に示した移植を要しない背骨用インプラントのさらなる斜視図である。
【図7】図7は、移植を要しない背骨用インプラントのさらなる別の実施態様である。

Claims (12)

  1. 2つの隣接する脊椎を機械的に接続するための背骨用インプラントであって、
    第1の表面及びそれと反対側の第2の表面を有する本体を備え、その第1及び第2の表面は隣接する脊椎に本体を固定するための少なくとも一つの円筒形状の突起部材を含み、
    前記本体、第1及び第2の表面並びに各々の前記突起部材は、単一のインプラントを形成する一片の材料から形成されており、
    前記インプラントは、脊椎の融合のために十分な引張強さ及びせん断強さを有し、骨移植を要することなく脊椎の融合を達成するのに有効である背骨用インプラント。
  2. 本体及び第1及び第2の突起部材の外面が生体活性塗料を含む、請求項1に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  3. 突起部材が蟻ほぞの突起の形状である、請求項1に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  4. 第1の表面と第2の表面との少なくとも一方が複数の突起部材を含む、請求項1に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  5. 前記少なくとも一つの突起部材が1対の実質的に円筒形状の突起を含み、この円筒形状突起は、前記少なくとも一つの突起部材を含む前記表面に垂直な平面の両側にあり、この平面は、それが垂直をなす前記表面から最大距離にある少なくとも一つの突起部材上の点を通り、
    前記円筒形状突起は、対応表面における各円筒形状突起が、いずれの円筒形状突起よりも表面に近い突起部材の任意の部分の対応表面における突起よりも大きくなるものであり、その結果、少なくとも一つの突起部材が、少なくとも一つの部材を受け入れるために適切に調製された脊椎と係合できるように成形される、請求項1に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  6. 少なくとも1の表面が複数の突起部材を含む、請求項に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  7. 各表面が2つの突起部材を含む、請求項に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  8. 前記少なくとも1の突起部材が、実質的に円筒形状を有する、請求項に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  9. 2つの隣接する脊椎を機械的に接続するための背骨用インプラントであって、
    第1の表面及びそれと反対側の第2の表面を有する本体を含んでおり、当該第1及び第2の表面は隣接する脊椎に前記本体を固定するための少なくとも一つの突起部材を含み、
    各突起部材は一対の実質的に円筒形状の突起を含み、
    前記円筒形状突起は、前記突起部材を含む第1又は第2の表面に垂直な平面の両側にあり、
    当該平面は、前記突起部材を含む第1又は第2の表面から最大距離にある少なくとも一つの突起部材上の点を通り、
    前記突起部材を含む第1又は第2の表面における各円筒形状突起は、それに対応する第1又は第2の表面により近い前記突起部材の部分よりも大きく、
    その結果、少なくとも一つの突起部材が、少なくとも一つの部材を受け入れるために適切に調製された脊椎と噛み合うことができるように成形される、
    当該背骨用インプラント。
  10. 各突起部材が、実質的に円筒形状を有する、請求項に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  11. 各表面が2つの突起部材を含む、請求項に記載の背骨用インプラント。
  12. インプラントが骨移植を要することなく脊椎の融合を達成するのに有効である、請求項に記載の背骨用インプラント。
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WO2002030337A3 (en) 2002-07-25
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US7163560B2 (en) 2007-01-16
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US20020049497A1 (en) 2002-04-25
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