JP4466049B2 - Water flow control method for reforming steam - Google Patents

Water flow control method for reforming steam Download PDF

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JP4466049B2
JP4466049B2 JP2003389925A JP2003389925A JP4466049B2 JP 4466049 B2 JP4466049 B2 JP 4466049B2 JP 2003389925 A JP2003389925 A JP 2003389925A JP 2003389925 A JP2003389925 A JP 2003389925A JP 4466049 B2 JP4466049 B2 JP 4466049B2
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steam
reforming
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flow rate
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俊輔 大賀
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法に関し、特に、水素リッチな改質ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、原燃料から水素リッチな改質ガスを生成して該燃料電池へ供給する改質部と、混合された原燃料と改質蒸気用水とから水蒸気を発生させて該改質部へ供給する蒸気発生部とを備えた燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a reformed steam water flow rate control method for controlling the flow rate of reformed steam water in a fuel cell power generator, and in particular, a fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas and a hydrogen-rich fuel from raw fuel. A fuel comprising a reforming section that generates reformed gas and supplies it to the fuel cell, and a steam generating section that generates steam from the mixed raw fuel and reformed steam water and supplies the steam to the reforming section The present invention relates to a reforming steam water flow rate control method for controlling the flow rate of reforming steam water in a battery power generation device.

燃料電池は、燃料の有する化学エネルギーを機械エネルギーまたは熱エネルギーを経由することなく直接的に電気エネルギーへ変換する装置であって、高いエネルギー効率を実現することができる装置である。一般的に良く知られた燃料電池の形態として電解質を挟んで一対の電極を配置する形態がある。この形態において、一対の電極の内の一方の電極（アノード：anode）側に水素を有する燃料ガスを供給すると共に、他方の電極（カソード：cathode）側に酸素を有する酸化ガスを供給し、両極間で起きる電気化学反応を利用して起電力を得ることができる。以下に、燃料電池で起きる電気化学反応式を示す。   A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy of fuel directly into electrical energy without passing through mechanical energy or thermal energy, and is a device that can achieve high energy efficiency. As a generally well-known form of a fuel cell, there is a form in which a pair of electrodes are arranged with an electrolyte interposed therebetween. In this embodiment, a fuel gas having hydrogen is supplied to one electrode (anode) side of a pair of electrodes, and an oxidizing gas having oxygen is supplied to the other electrode (cathode: cathode) side. An electromotive force can be obtained by using an electrochemical reaction occurring between the two. The electrochemical reaction formula that occurs in the fuel cell is shown below.

Ｈ２ → ２Ｈ＋ ＋ ２ｅ− （１）
（１／２）Ｏ２ ＋ ２Ｈ＋ ＋ ２ｅ− → Ｈ２Ｏ （２）
Ｈ２ ＋ （１／２）Ｏ２ → Ｈ２Ｏ （３） H 2 → 2H + + 2e − (1)
(1/2) O 2 + 2H + + 2e − → H 2 O (2)
H 2 + (1/2) O 2 → H 2 O (3)

式（１）はアノード側における反応を示す反応式であり、式（２）はカソード側における反応を示す反応式であり、式（３）は燃料電池全体の全反応を示す反応式である。   Equation (1) is a reaction equation showing the reaction on the anode side, Equation (2) is a reaction equation showing the reaction on the cathode side, and Equation (3) is a reaction equation showing the entire reaction of the entire fuel cell.

燃料電池（燃料電池発電装置）は使用する電解質の種類により分類されている。燃料電池の中で、高分子電解質膜を使用する固体高分子型燃料電池または固体高分子電解質形燃料電池（Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell : ＰＥＦＣ）、リン酸を電解質として使用するリン酸型燃料電池（Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell : ＰＡＦＣ）、炭酸イオンを電荷担体とする電解質を使用する溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池（Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell : ＭＣＦＣ）等では、使用する電解質の性質から、二酸化炭素を含む酸化ガスまたは炭酸ガスを使用することが可能である。そこで、通常これらの燃料電池では、空気を酸化ガスとして用い、天然ガス等の炭化水素系の原燃料を水蒸気改質して生成した水素を含むガスを燃料ガスとして用いている。   Fuel cells (fuel cell power generators) are classified according to the type of electrolyte used. Among fuel cells, polymer electrolyte fuel cell or polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) using polymer electrolyte membrane, phosphoric acid fuel cell using phosphoric acid as electrolyte (Phosphoric) Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) that uses an electrolyte with carbonate ions as a charge carrier, etc., due to the nature of the electrolyte used, oxidizing gas or carbon dioxide containing carbon dioxide. It is possible to use gas. Therefore, in these fuel cells, normally, air is used as an oxidizing gas, and a gas containing hydrogen generated by steam reforming a hydrocarbon-based raw fuel such as natural gas is used as a fuel gas.

このため、上述のような燃料電池を備えた燃料電池発電装置（燃料電池システム）、例えば特許文献１または２に示されるような燃料電池発電装置には、改質器と水蒸気改質反応に伴って残存する一酸化炭素の濃度を下げるための一酸化炭素変性器とが設けられている。この改質器および一酸化炭素変性器において原燃料の改質を行ない、燃料ガスを生成している。式（４）は、燃料としてメタンを用いた場合の改質器におけるメタンの改質反応（水蒸気改質反応）を示す反応式である。   For this reason, in a fuel cell power generation device (fuel cell system) provided with the fuel cell as described above, for example, a fuel cell power generation device as disclosed in Patent Document 1 or 2, a reformer and a steam reforming reaction are accompanied. And a carbon monoxide modifier for reducing the concentration of the remaining carbon monoxide. In this reformer and carbon monoxide modifier, the raw fuel is reformed to produce fuel gas. Formula (4) is a reaction formula showing the reforming reaction of methane (steam reforming reaction) in the reformer when methane is used as the fuel.

ＣＨ４ ＋ Ｈ２Ｏ → ＣＯ ＋ ３Ｈ２ （＋206.14 KJ/mol：吸熱反応） （４） CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3H 2 (+206.14 KJ / mol: endothermic reaction) (4)

式（４）に示されるように、メタンの改質反応は気化熱および改質熱に等しい吸熱を要する吸熱反応である。この吸熱をまかなうために、メタンに水蒸気を添加した上で、燃料電池からの燃料オフガスを燃焼させた燃焼排ガスを利用して、粒状改質触媒を６００〜７００℃に保つことにより、水素に富む（水素リッチな）改質ガスを生成している。   As shown in Equation (4), the reforming reaction of methane is an endothermic reaction that requires an endotherm equal to the heat of vaporization and the heat of reforming. In order to cover this endotherm, water is added to methane, and then the granular reforming catalyst is kept at 600 to 700 ° C. using combustion exhaust gas obtained by burning fuel off-gas from the fuel cell. It produces reformed gas (hydrogen-rich).

改質器を出た改質ガスは、改質ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を低減させるために一酸化炭素変性器へ供給される。この一酸化炭素変性器で一酸化炭素濃度は１％以下に低減されるため、白金触媒の劣化を防ぐために一酸化炭素濃度を１％以下にする必要のあるリン酸型燃料電池（ＰＡＦＣ）であれば、このガスをＰＡＦＣ本体へと導入して発電を行なうことができる。   The reformed gas exiting the reformer is supplied to the carbon monoxide modifier in order to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration in the reformed gas. With this carbon monoxide modifier, the carbon monoxide concentration is reduced to 1% or less, so in a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) that needs to have a carbon monoxide concentration of 1% or less to prevent deterioration of the platinum catalyst. If there is, this gas can be introduced into the PAFC body to generate electricity.

一方、固体高分子型燃料電池（ＰＥＦＣ）は、高分子電解質膜の抵抗が小さいため動作温度は６０〜８０℃と低い。このため、両極の反応が迅速に進むように電極触媒として白金が使用されている。しかし改質ガス中に一酸化炭素が存在すると、この一酸化炭素による触媒被毒により活性が低下するため、一酸化炭素濃度をさらに低減させる必要がある。そこで改質ガスは一酸化炭素変性器に供給され、ここで一酸化炭素濃度を１０ｐｐｍ以下に低減させている。   On the other hand, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has a low operating temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. because the resistance of the polymer electrolyte membrane is small. For this reason, platinum is used as an electrode catalyst so that the reaction of both electrodes proceeds rapidly. However, if carbon monoxide is present in the reformed gas, the activity is lowered due to catalyst poisoning by the carbon monoxide, so that it is necessary to further reduce the carbon monoxide concentration. Therefore, the reformed gas is supplied to a carbon monoxide modifier, where the carbon monoxide concentration is reduced to 10 ppm or less.

上述のように、固体高分子型燃料電池（ＰＥＦＣ）は動作温度（反応温度）が低いため、反応温度が約１８０℃のリン酸型燃料電池（ＰＡＦＣ）と異なり、その発熱量で改質用の水蒸気を発生させることができない。このため改質系機器の中で水蒸気を発生させる必要がある。この水蒸気発生のための熱量（気化熱）は、改質器内部の余熱または改質器を出た後の燃焼排ガスとの熱交換により得ている。すなわち改質用蒸気は、改質蒸気用水を改質蒸気用水供給ポンプにより改質器内部または外部の蒸気発生部へ供給し蒸気化することによって得られている。   As described above, since the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has a low operating temperature (reaction temperature), it differs from a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) with a reaction temperature of about 180 ° C., and its calorific value is used for reforming. Of water vapor cannot be generated. For this reason, it is necessary to generate water vapor in the reforming equipment. The amount of heat (vaporization heat) for generating water vapor is obtained by heat exchange with the residual heat inside the reformer or the combustion exhaust gas after leaving the reformer. In other words, the reforming steam is obtained by supplying the reforming steam water to the steam generating section inside or outside the reformer by the reforming steam water supply pump and vaporizing it.

図４は、従来の燃料電池発電装置８０の構成の概略を示す。図４において、符号３は改質器、４は改質器から出た改質ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を低減させる一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）変性器、５はＣＯ変性器４から出た改質ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素へ変換することにより除去する一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）除去器、６は燃料電池であり図面の都合上アノード１６、カソード１７およびカソード側流路ＣＷ１８のみ示す。符号１１は空気３０を改質器３のバーナ２０へ供給する燃焼空気ブロワ、１０は原燃料３２を脱硫器１へ供給する原燃料ガスブロワ、１は原燃料ガスブロワ１０により供給された原燃料３２に含まれる硫黄分の脱硫を行なう脱硫器、７は改質蒸気用水を蓄えた改質蒸気用水タンク、８は改質蒸気用水タンク７に蓄えられた改質蒸気用水を蒸気発生器２へ供給する改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ、２は脱硫器１で脱硫された原燃料３２に混合された、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８により供給された改質蒸気用水から水蒸気を発生させる蒸気発生器、２５は改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８により蒸気発生器２へ供給される改質蒸気用水の流量を測定する改質蒸気用水流量計、１３は改質蒸気用水流量計２５により測定された改質蒸気用水の流量に基づき改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８を制御する制御装置である。制御装置１３、改質蒸気用水流量計２５および改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８間の制御信号等は点線で示す。   FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of a conventional fuel cell power generator 80. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 3 is a reformer, 4 is a carbon monoxide (CO) modifier that reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas exiting from the reformer, and 5 is a reformer that exits from the CO modifier 4. A carbon monoxide (CO) remover for removing carbon monoxide contained in the gaseous gas by converting it into carbon dioxide, 6 is a fuel cell, and for the sake of convenience of the drawing, only the anode 16, the cathode 17 and the cathode side flow path CW18 are shown. . Reference numeral 11 is a combustion air blower for supplying air 30 to the burner 20 of the reformer 3, 10 is a raw fuel gas blower for supplying raw fuel 32 to the desulfurizer 1, and 1 is a raw fuel 32 supplied by the raw fuel gas blower 10. A desulfurizer for desulfurizing contained sulfur, 7 is a reformed steam water tank storing reformed steam water, and 8 is supplied with reformed steam water stored in the reformed steam water tank 7 to the steam generator 2. A reforming steam water supply pump 2 is a steam generator for generating steam from the reforming steam water supplied by the reforming steam water supply pump 8 mixed with the raw fuel 32 desulfurized by the desulfurizer 1, and 25 is A reforming steam water flow meter that measures the flow rate of the reforming steam water supplied to the steam generator 2 by the reforming steam water supply pump 8, and 13 is the reforming steam water measured by the reforming steam water flow meter 25. Modified steam based on flow rate A control device for controlling the water supply pump 8. Control signals and the like between the control device 13, the reforming steam water flow meter 25, and the reforming steam water supply pump 8 are indicated by dotted lines.

次に、従来の燃料電池発電装置８０の動作を説明する。脱硫器１において硫黄分を取り除かれた原燃料３２は、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８により供給された改質蒸気用水と混合された後、蒸気発生器２へ供給されて気化され、改質器３へ供給される。改質器３では式（４）で示される水蒸気改質反応によって水素リッチな改質ガスが生成される。上述のように吸熱反応をまかなうため、燃料電池６からの燃料オフガス３３がバーナ２０へ供給されて炉内２２で燃焼され、触媒層２１の温度を上げる。燃焼排ガス９は改質器３外へ排出される。   Next, the operation of the conventional fuel cell power generator 80 will be described. The raw fuel 32 from which the sulfur content has been removed in the desulfurizer 1 is mixed with the reforming steam water supplied by the reforming steam water supply pump 8 and then supplied to the steam generator 2 to be vaporized. 3 is supplied. In the reformer 3, a hydrogen-rich reformed gas is generated by the steam reforming reaction represented by the formula (4). In order to carry out the endothermic reaction as described above, the fuel off gas 33 from the fuel cell 6 is supplied to the burner 20 and burned in the furnace 22 to raise the temperature of the catalyst layer 21. The combustion exhaust gas 9 is discharged out of the reformer 3.

改質器３から出た改質ガスはＣＯ変性器４へ供給されて一酸化炭素反応により水素濃度が高められる。その後、一定量の空気（不図示）と共にＣＯ除去器５へ供給されて二酸化炭素へ変換する一酸化炭素選択酸化反応により、一酸化炭素濃度が１０ｐｐｍ以下に低減される。以上のように一酸化炭素濃度が低濃度になった改質ガスが燃料電池６もアノード１６へ供給される。
特開２００３−８６２１０ 特開平６−１７６７８７ The reformed gas exiting from the reformer 3 is supplied to the CO reformer 4 and the hydrogen concentration is increased by the carbon monoxide reaction. Thereafter, the carbon monoxide concentration is reduced to 10 ppm or less by a carbon monoxide selective oxidation reaction that is supplied to the CO remover 5 together with a certain amount of air (not shown) and converted to carbon dioxide. As described above, the reformed gas having a low carbon monoxide concentration is also supplied to the anode 16 of the fuel cell 6.
JP 2003-86210 A JP-A-6-176787

上述した従来の燃料電池発電装置８０では、改質蒸気用水は原燃料３２の流量に対して正確な比率で供給される必要がある。改質蒸気用水が少なすぎる比率で供給された場合、水蒸気改質反応が正常に行なわれないため、改質器３の触媒層２１にカーボンが析出する等の不具合が起きてしまう。一方、改質蒸気用水が多すぎる比率で供給された場合、蒸発のためのエネルギーが余分に消費されるため、熱効率が低下するという問題があった。さらに、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８は、それ自体への入力電圧を一定にしても下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化によって流量が変化するため、常時、流量を監視して制御する必要上、改質蒸気用水流量計２５が不可欠である。しかし、一般的に改質蒸気用水流量計２５は高価であり、改質蒸気用水流量計２５自体の誤動作により制御不良が生じることもあるという問題があった。   In the conventional fuel cell power generator 80 described above, the reformed steam water needs to be supplied at an accurate ratio to the flow rate of the raw fuel 32. If the reforming steam water is supplied at a ratio that is too small, the steam reforming reaction will not be performed normally, and problems such as carbon deposition on the catalyst layer 21 of the reformer 3 will occur. On the other hand, when the water for reforming steam is supplied at an excessively large ratio, there is a problem in that the heat efficiency is reduced because extra energy is consumed for evaporation. Furthermore, since the flow rate of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 changes due to a pressure change on the downstream side or a change in performance over time even if the input voltage to the reforming steam is constant, it is necessary to always monitor and control the flow rate. In addition, the reforming steam water flow meter 25 is indispensable. However, the reformed steam water flow meter 25 is generally expensive, and there is a problem that a malfunction may occur due to malfunction of the reformed steam water flow meter 25 itself.

そこで、本発明の目的は、上記問題を解決するためになされたものであり、高価でかつ誤動作を生じることがある改質蒸気用水流量計を用いることなく、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御することができる燃料電池の改質蒸気用水流量の制御方法を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and without using a reforming steam water flow meter that is expensive and may cause a malfunction, on the downstream side of the reforming steam water supply pump. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling the flow rate of reforming steam water in a fuel cell, which can control the flow rate of reforming steam water without being affected by the pressure change or performance change over time.

この発明の改質蒸気用水流量制御方法は、水素リッチな改質ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、原燃料から水素リッチな改質ガスを生成して該燃料電池へ供給する改質部と、混合された原燃料と改質蒸気用水供給ポンプにより供給された改質蒸気用水とから水蒸気を発生させて該改質部へ供給する蒸気発生部とを備えた燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法であって、前記改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧の増減により該蒸気発生部へ供給される改質蒸気用水の流量を制御して、該蒸気発生部の内部で測定された温度を所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度に保たせることを特徴とする。 The method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam according to the present invention includes a fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and a reformer that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from raw fuel and supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell. The reformed steam of the fuel cell power generation apparatus comprising: a steam generating unit that generates steam from the mixed raw fuel and the reformed steam water supplied by the reformed steam water supply pump and supplies the steam to the reformed unit a reforming steam water flow control method for controlling the flow rate of the water, by controlling the flow rate of the reforming steam water supplied to the steam generator by increasing or decreasing the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump, the vapor The temperature measured inside the generator is maintained at a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor .

ここで、この発明の改質蒸気用水流量制御方法において、前記蒸気発生部は前記改質器の内部に設置されたものとすることができる。   Here, in the method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam according to the present invention, the steam generating section may be installed inside the reformer.

この発明の改質蒸気用水流量制御方法は、水素リッチな改質ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、原燃料から水素リッチな改質ガスを生成して該燃料電池へ供給する改質部と、混合された原燃料と改質蒸気用水供給ポンプにより供給された改質蒸気用水とから水蒸気を発生させて該改質部へ供給する該改質部内部に設置された蒸気発生部とを備えた燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法であって、前記改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧の増減により該蒸気発生部へ供給される改質蒸気用水の流量を制御して、前記改質部の入口で測定された温度を所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度に保たせることを特徴とする。 The method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam according to the present invention includes a fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and a reformer that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from raw fuel and supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell. A steam generation unit installed in the reforming unit for generating steam from the mixed raw fuel and the reforming steam water supplied by the reforming steam water supply pump and supplying the steam to the reforming unit. A reformed steam water flow rate control method for controlling the flow rate of reformed steam water in a fuel cell power generator, wherein the reformed steam water is supplied to the steam generator by increasing or decreasing the voltage of the reformed steam water supply pump. The temperature measured at the inlet of the reforming section is maintained at a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor .

この発明の改質蒸気用水流量制御方法は、水素リッチな改質ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、原燃料から水素リッチな改質ガスを生成して該燃料電池へ供給する改質部と、混合された原燃料と改質蒸気用水供給ポンプにより供給された改質蒸気用水とから水蒸気を発生させて該改質部へ供給する蒸気発生部とを備えた燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法であって、前記改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧を所定の負荷率に基づいて設定しておき、前記蒸気発生部の内部で測定された温度又は該蒸気発生部が前記改質部内部に設置された場合であって該改質部の入口で測定された温度に基づき該改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧を補正することを特徴とする。The method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam according to the present invention includes a fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and a reformer that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from raw fuel and supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell. The reformed steam of the fuel cell power generation apparatus comprising: a steam generating unit that generates steam from the mixed raw fuel and the reformed steam water supplied by the reformed steam water supply pump and supplies the steam to the reformed unit A reformed steam water flow rate control method for controlling the flow rate of water for use, wherein the voltage of the reformed steam water supply pump is set based on a predetermined load factor, and the temperature measured inside the steam generating unit Alternatively, the steam generation unit is installed inside the reforming unit, and the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump is corrected based on the temperature measured at the inlet of the reforming unit.

従来の燃料電池発電装置８０における改質蒸気用水流量計２５を取り去った上で、蒸気発生器２内に温度制御点を設ける。制御装置１３は温度制御点の温度を温度測定器により測定し、当該温度が所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度となるように、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を増減させる。この結果、高価でかつ誤動作を生じることがある改質蒸気用水流量計２５を用いることなく、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御できる燃料電池６の改質蒸気用水流量の制御方法を提供することができる。   After removing the reformed steam water flow meter 25 in the conventional fuel cell power generator 80, a temperature control point is provided in the steam generator 2. The control device 13 measures the temperature of the temperature control point with a temperature measuring device, and increases or decreases the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 so that the temperature becomes a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor. As a result, without using the reforming steam water flow meter 25 that is expensive and may cause a malfunction, it is not affected by the pressure change on the downstream side of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 or the performance change over time, A method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam of the fuel cell 6 that can control the flow rate of water for reforming steam can be provided.

以下、各実施例について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, each embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明の実施例１における燃料電池発電装置５０の構成の概要を示す。図１において、図４の従来の燃料電池発電装置８０と同じ符号を付した箇所は同じ要素を示すため説明は省略する。本実施例１における燃料電池発電装置５０が従来の燃料電池発電装置８０と異なる点は、図１に示されるように改質蒸気用水流量計２５を取り去った上で、蒸気発生器（蒸気発生部）２内に温度制御点１４を設けた点にある。制御装置１３は、温度制御点１４の温度を温度測定器１９により測定し、当該温度が所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度となるように、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ（供給部）８の電圧（制御入力）を増減させる。燃料電池発電装置５０の改質器（改質部）３周りの温度は常に負荷に応じた温度に制御されている。このため、上述のように改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８８の電圧を増減させることにより蒸気発生器２の温度を一定に保つようにすれば、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御することができる。   FIG. 1 shows an outline of the configuration of a fuel cell power generator 50 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the portions denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the conventional fuel cell power generation device 80 of FIG. The difference between the fuel cell power generation device 50 of the first embodiment and the conventional fuel cell power generation device 80 is that the reformer steam water flow meter 25 is removed as shown in FIG. 2) The temperature control point 14 is provided in 2. The control device 13 measures the temperature of the temperature control point 14 with the temperature measuring device 19, and the reforming steam water supply pump (supply unit) 8 is configured so that the temperature becomes a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor. Increase or decrease the voltage (control input). The temperature around the reformer (reformer) 3 of the fuel cell power generator 50 is always controlled to a temperature corresponding to the load. Therefore, if the temperature of the steam generator 2 is kept constant by increasing / decreasing the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 88 as described above, the pressure change downstream of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 or The flow rate of the water for reforming steam can be controlled without being affected by the change in performance over time.

以上より、本発明の実施例１によれば、従来の燃料電池発電装置８０における改質蒸気用水流量計２５を取り去った上で、蒸気発生器２内に温度制御点１４を設ける。制御装置１３は温度制御点１４の温度を温度測定器１９により測定し、当該温度が所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度となるように、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を増減させることができる。この結果、高価でかつ誤動作を生じることがある改質蒸気用水流量計２５を用いることなく、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御できる燃料電池６の改質蒸気用水流量の制御方法を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the temperature control point 14 is provided in the steam generator 2 after removing the reformed steam water flow meter 25 in the conventional fuel cell power generator 80. The control device 13 measures the temperature of the temperature control point 14 by the temperature measuring device 19 and increases or decreases the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 so that the temperature becomes a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor. Can do. As a result, without using the reforming steam water flow meter 25 that is expensive and may cause a malfunction, it is not affected by the pressure change on the downstream side of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 or the performance change over time, A method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam of the fuel cell 6 that can control the flow rate of water for reforming steam can be provided.

図２は、本発明の実施例２における燃料電池発電装置６０の構成の概要を示す。図２において、図１の燃料電池発電装置５０と同じ符号を付した箇所は同じ要素を示すため説明は省略する。本実施例１における燃料電池発電装置６０が燃料電池発電装置５０と異なる点は、図２に示されるように蒸気発生器２を改質器３の内部に設置した点にある。実施例１と同様に、制御装置１３が改質器３の内部にある温度制御点１４の温度を温度測定器１９により測定し、当該温度が所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度となるように、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を増減させることができる。このため、実施例１と同様に改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御することができる。   FIG. 2 shows an outline of the configuration of the fuel cell power generator 60 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 2, portions denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the fuel cell power generation device 50 of FIG. The difference between the fuel cell power generation device 60 in the first embodiment and the fuel cell power generation device 50 is that the steam generator 2 is installed inside the reformer 3 as shown in FIG. As in the first embodiment, the control device 13 measures the temperature of the temperature control point 14 inside the reformer 3 with the temperature measuring device 19 so that the temperature becomes a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor. Furthermore, the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 can be increased or decreased. For this reason, the flow rate of the reforming steam water can be controlled without being influenced by the pressure change or the performance change with time on the downstream side of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 as in the first embodiment.

以上より、本発明の実施例２によれば、蒸気発生器２を改質器３の内部に設置し、制御装置１３が改質器３の内部にある温度制御点１４の温度を温度測定器１９により測定し、当該温度が所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度となるように、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を増減させることができる。この結果、蒸気発生器２を改質器３の内部に設置した場合であっても実施例１と同様に、高価でかつ誤動作を生じることがある改質蒸気用水流量計２５を用いることなく、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御できる燃料電池６の改質蒸気用水流量の制御方法を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the steam generator 2 is installed inside the reformer 3, and the control device 13 determines the temperature at the temperature control point 14 inside the reformer 3 as a temperature measuring device. The voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 can be increased or decreased so that the temperature measured at 19 becomes a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor. As a result, even when the steam generator 2 is installed inside the reformer 3, as in the first embodiment, without using the reformed steam water flow meter 25 which may be expensive and cause malfunction, Provided is a method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam of a fuel cell 6 that can control the flow rate of water for reforming steam without being affected by the pressure change or the change in performance over time of the water supply pump for reforming steam 8. be able to.

図３は、本発明の実施例３における燃料電池発電装置７０の構成の概要を示す。図３において、図２の燃料電池発電装置６０と同じ符号を付した箇所は同じ要素を示すため説明は省略する。本実施例３における燃料電池発電装置７０が燃料電池発電装置６０と異なる点は、図３に示されるように温度制御点１４を、蒸気発生器２の内部ではなく、改質器３の触媒層２１の入り口（改質部の入口）に設置した点にある。実施例２と同様に、制御装置１３が改質器３の触媒層２１の入口にある温度制御点１４の温度を温度測定器１９により測定し、当該温度が所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度となるように、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を増減させることができる。このため、実施例２と同様に改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御することができる。   FIG. 3 shows an outline of the configuration of the fuel cell power generator 70 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the portions denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the fuel cell power generation device 60 of FIG. The difference between the fuel cell power generation device 70 and the fuel cell power generation device 60 in the third embodiment is that the temperature control point 14 is not the inside of the steam generator 2 but the catalyst layer of the reformer 3 as shown in FIG. It is in the point installed in 21 entrances (reformer entrance). As in the second embodiment, the control device 13 measures the temperature of the temperature control point 14 at the inlet of the catalyst layer 21 of the reformer 3 with the temperature measuring device 19, and the temperature is a constant determined by a predetermined load factor. The voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 can be increased or decreased to reach the temperature. For this reason, similarly to the second embodiment, the flow rate of the reforming steam water can be controlled without being influenced by the pressure change on the downstream side of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 or the performance change with time.

以上より、本発明の実施例３によれば、温度制御点１４を改質器３の触媒層２１の入口に設置し、制御装置１３が触媒層２１の入口にある温度制御点１４の温度を温度測定器１９により測定し、当該温度が所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度となるように、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を増減させることができる。この結果、温度制御点１４を改質器３の触媒層２１の入口に設置した場合であっても実施例２と同様に、高価でかつ誤動作を生じることがある改質蒸気用水流量計２５を用いることなく、改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の下流側の圧力変化または経時的な性能変化に左右されることなく、改質蒸気用水の流量を制御できる燃料電池６の改質蒸気用水流量の制御方法を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the temperature control point 14 is installed at the inlet of the catalyst layer 21 of the reformer 3, and the control device 13 sets the temperature of the temperature control point 14 at the inlet of the catalyst layer 21. The voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 can be increased or decreased so that the temperature is measured by the temperature measuring device 19 and the temperature becomes a constant temperature determined by a predetermined load factor. As a result, even when the temperature control point 14 is installed at the inlet of the catalyst layer 21 of the reformer 3, the reformed steam water flow meter 25, which is expensive and may cause malfunction, as in the second embodiment. Control of the flow rate of water for reforming steam of the fuel cell 6 that can control the flow rate of water for reforming steam without using it and without being influenced by the pressure change on the downstream side of the water supply pump for reforming steam 8 or the change in performance over time. A method can be provided.

上述の実施例１ないし３では、蒸気発生器２の内部の温度または改質器３の触媒層２１の入口の温度を、所定の負荷率により定めた一定の値となるように改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を増減させる方法について説明した。その他の方法として、まず改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の電圧を所定の負荷率により定めておく。すなわち改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ８の供給能力を所定の負荷率により定めておく。その上で、蒸気発生器２の内部の温度または改質器３の触媒層２１の入口の温度を温度測定器１９により測定しながら、当該電圧を補正する方法を用いることもできる。   In the above-described Examples 1 to 3, the water for reforming steam is set so that the temperature inside the steam generator 2 or the temperature of the inlet of the catalyst layer 21 of the reformer 3 becomes a constant value determined by a predetermined load factor. The method for increasing or decreasing the voltage of the supply pump 8 has been described. As another method, first, the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 is determined by a predetermined load factor. That is, the supply capacity of the reforming steam water supply pump 8 is determined by a predetermined load factor. In addition, a method of correcting the voltage while measuring the temperature inside the steam generator 2 or the temperature of the inlet of the catalyst layer 21 of the reformer 3 with the temperature measuring device 19 can also be used.

本発明の活用例として、特に固体高分子型燃料電池（ＰＥＦＣ）による燃料電池発電装置への適用が挙げられる。   As an application example of the present invention, application to a fuel cell power generator using a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is particularly mentioned.

本発明の実施例１における燃料電池発電装置５０の構成の概要を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of a structure of the fuel cell electric power generating apparatus 50 in Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例２における燃料電池発電装置６０の構成の概要を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of a structure of the fuel cell electric power generating apparatus 60 in Example 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３における燃料電池発電装置７０の構成の概要を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of a structure of the fuel cell electric power generating apparatus 70 in Example 3 of this invention. 従来の燃料電池発電装置８０の構成の概略を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the conventional fuel cell power generator 80. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 脱硫器、 ２ 蒸気発生器、 ３ 改質器、 ４ ＣＯ変性器、 ５ ＣＯ除去器、 ６ 燃料電池、 ７ 改質蒸気用水タンク、 ８ 改質蒸気用水供給ポンプ、 ９ 燃焼排ガス、 １０ 原燃料ガスブロワ、 １１ 燃焼空気ブロワ、 １３ 制御装置、 １４ 温度制御点、 １６ アノード、 １７ カソード、 １８ ＣＷ（クーリングウォーター）、 １９ 温度測定器、 ２０ バーナ、 ２１ 触媒層、 ２２ 炉内、 ２５ 改質蒸気用水流量計、 ３０ 空気、 ３３ 燃料オフガス、 ５０，６０，７０ 燃料電池発電装置、 ８０ 従来の燃料電池発電装置。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Desulfurizer, 2 Steam generator, 3 Reformer, 4 CO modifier, 5 CO remover, 6 Fuel cell, 7 Water tank for reformed steam, 8 Water supply pump for reformed steam, 9 Combustion exhaust gas, 10 Raw fuel Gas blower, 11 Combustion air blower, 13 Control device, 14 Temperature control point, 16 Anode, 17 Cathode, 18 CW (cooling water), 19 Temperature measuring device, 20 Burner, 21 Catalyst layer, 22 In-furnace, 25 Water for reforming steam Flow meter, 30 air, 33 fuel off-gas, 50, 60, 70 fuel cell power generator, 80 conventional fuel cell power generator.

Claims (4)

水素リッチな改質ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、原燃料から水素リッチな改質ガスを生成して該燃料電池へ供給する改質部と、混合された原燃料と改質蒸気用水供給ポンプにより供給された改質蒸気用水とから水蒸気を発生させて該改質部へ供給する蒸気発生部とを備えた燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法であって、
前記改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧の増減により該蒸気発生部へ供給される改質蒸気用水の流量を制御して、該蒸気発生部の内部で測定された温度を所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度に保たせることを特徴とする改質蒸気用水流量制御方法。 A fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas, a reforming unit that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from raw fuel and supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell, and a mixed raw fuel and water supply for reformed steam Water flow control for reforming steam for controlling the flow rate of reforming steam water of a fuel cell power generation device comprising steam for generating steam from reforming steam water supplied by a pump and supplying the steam to the reforming unit A method,
The flow rate of the reforming steam water supplied to the steam generating unit is controlled by increasing or decreasing the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump, and the temperature measured inside the steam generating unit is determined by a predetermined load factor. A method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam, characterized by maintaining a constant temperature . 請求項１記載の改質蒸気用水流量制御方法において、前記蒸気発生部は前記改質器の内部に設置されたことを特徴とする改質蒸気用水流量制御方法。   The method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam according to claim 1, wherein the steam generator is installed inside the reformer. 水素リッチな改質ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、原燃料から水素リッチな改質ガスを生成して該燃料電池へ供給する改質部と、混合された原燃料と改質蒸気用水供給ポンプにより供給された改質蒸気用水とから水蒸気を発生させて該改質部へ供給する該改質部内部に設置された蒸気発生部とを備えた燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法であって、
前記改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧の増減により該蒸気発生部へ供給される改質蒸気用水の流量を制御して、前記改質部の入口で測定された温度を所定の負荷率により定めた一定の温度に保たせることを特徴とする改質蒸気用水流量制御方法。 A fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas, a reforming unit that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from raw fuel and supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell, and a mixed raw fuel and water supply for reformed steam A flow rate of water for reforming steam of a fuel cell power generator comprising steam for generating steam from reformed steam water supplied by a pump and supplying the steam to the reforming unit. A water flow rate control method for reforming steam for controlling
The flow rate of the reforming steam water supplied to the steam generating unit is controlled by increasing or decreasing the voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump, and the temperature measured at the inlet of the reforming unit is determined by a predetermined load factor. A method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam, characterized by maintaining a constant temperature . 水素リッチな改質ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、原燃料から水素リッチな改質ガスを生成して該燃料電池へ供給する改質部と、混合された原燃料と改質蒸気用水供給ポンプにより供給された改質蒸気用水とから水蒸気を発生させて該改質部へ供給する蒸気発生部とを備えた燃料電池発電装置の改質蒸気用水の流量を制御する改質蒸気用水流量制御方法であって、A fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas, a reforming unit that generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas from raw fuel and supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell, and a mixed raw fuel and water supply for reformed steam Water flow control for reforming steam for controlling the flow rate of reforming steam water of a fuel cell power generation device comprising steam for generating steam from reforming steam water supplied by a pump and supplying the steam to the reforming unit A method,
前記改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧を所定の負荷率に基づいて設定しておき、  The voltage of the reforming steam water supply pump is set based on a predetermined load factor,
前記蒸気発生部の内部で測定された温度又は該蒸気発生部が前記改質部内部に設置された場合であって該改質部の入口で測定された温度に基づき該改質蒸気用水供給ポンプの電圧を補正することを特徴とする改質蒸気用水流量制御方法。The reformed steam water supply pump based on the temperature measured inside the steam generating section or the temperature measured at the inlet of the reforming section when the steam generating section is installed inside the reforming section A method for controlling the flow rate of water for reforming steam, which corrects the voltage of the steam.
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