JP4455255B2 - Axle flaw detection apparatus and method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel axle flaw detector such as a railway vehicle axle using an ultrasonic device and a method therefor.

  Conventional train axle flaw detectors are described in detail in Patent Documents 1 and 2. The first probe head with a probe that transmits and receives ultrasound to and from an aerial ultrasound probe (a combination of oblique and vertical probes), a probe that transmits and receives ultrasound (oblique) 2nd probe head with (angular probe), mechanism device that moves the first probe head and the second probe head up and down, left and right, back and forth, and rotation, the first probe head A displacement detector that detects the amount of movement between the probe head and the second probe head, a probe disposed on the first probe head, an aerial ultrasonic probe, and a second probe head Sends ultrasonic transmission instructions to the placed probe, an ultrasonic flaw detector that receives reflected echoes input from each probe, a display that displays the output of the ultrasonic flaw detector, and flaw detection data of the ultrasonic flaw detector. A data processing unit for setting each parameter such as graph display and printing of the data, the length of the axle to the ultrasonic flaw detector and the flaw detection gate, Actuates the oil supply unit, drive unit and oil supply unit that fills the gap between the probe head of 1 and the end face of the axle and between the second probe head and the circumferential surface of the axle. The movement / detection unit detects the movement amount detected by the operation / control unit and the operation / control unit that commands the movement amount detection unit to input the movement amount between the first probe head and the second probe head. It has a calculating part which inputs quantity and calculates the return amount of a drive device.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228561 discloses that a control device for controlling a lifting body equipped with a probe for flaw detection on an axle to the axle center of the axle.

Japanese Patent No. 2814889 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-120443 Japanese Patent No. 2813140

  In the above-described prior art, since the axle center hole is used as a reference for determining the center of the axle, the distance sensor needs to be reciprocated vertically and horizontally across the axle center hole. However, assuming that the wheel center wears down and the axle center position is lowered, a process of detecting the axle center hole by scanning up and down and left and right from a position where there is no axle center hole is required, and positioning takes time. there were. In addition, since it is necessary to construct a vertical and lateral biaxial drive mechanism, there is a problem that it takes time to manufacture the apparatus and to construct a control system.

  Further, in recent years, in order to shorten the inspection time of the axle, a device capable of flaw detection with the axle box body attached to the axle is required. However, in the conventional technology, the distance at which the flaw detection head does not interfere with the axle box including the mounting bolt. If an attempt is made to detect the axle center hole, the position detection accuracy of the axle center hole boundary portion is lowered, and there is a problem that the positioning cannot be performed accurately.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an axle flaw detection apparatus and method that can shorten the positioning time between the axle center and the flaw detection head center and reduce the number of axle inspection steps.

The present invention relates to an axle flaw detector that ultrasonically flaws an axle having wheels at its end surface with a flaw detection head, and provides a wheel fixing device that fixes the wheel on a rail, and an interval with respect to the axial length direction of the axle. And calculating the height difference between the center of the flaw detection head and the center of the flaw detection head based on a plurality of data obtained by measuring the distance of the axle so that the height of the axle can be measured at a plurality of locations. a processing unit, wherein possess a drive device for positioning the inspection head centered with respect to the axle center, the wheel locking device characterized in that it have the following construction.

  That is, according to the present invention, with respect to the center position in the left-right direction, by installing a dedicated device for fixing the wheel, the center of the axle can always be fixed at a fixed position, and the left-right direction is eliminated by eliminating the need to detect the left-right position. In the vertical direction, two distance sensors are installed just below the center of the axle between the fixed wheels, and the shortest distance to the outer periphery of the axle is measured. And a driving mechanism for positioning the center of the axle and the center of the flaw detection head, with a calculation unit for calculating the height difference between the center of the flaw detection head and the center of the flaw detection head.

  The distance sensor is composed of a plurality of distance sensors arranged so as to be capable of measuring the height of the axle at a plurality of positions at intervals with respect to the axial direction of the axle, and the distance sensor measures the height of the axle. It is preferable to calculate the height difference between the flaw detection head center and the axle center based on the data obtained in this manner.

  The driving device includes the flaw detection head, a pressing unit that fixes the flaw detection head, absorbs an impact on the axle end surface, and presses the flaw detection head and the pressing unit with a predetermined pressure, and a rotation mechanism unit that rotates the flaw detection head and the pressing unit. A front / rear moving table mounted with a mechanism portion and movable in the axle direction together with the flaw detection head and pressing means, a front / rear drive means for moving the front / rear movement table back and forth, and an upper / lower position mounting the front / rear movement table and the front / rear drive means A moving table; and a vertical driving means for moving the vertical moving table up and down; a left / right moving table for mounting the front / rear moving table to move left and right; and a left / right drive for moving the left / right moving table to the left and right Means.

The wheel fixing device is
Possess the two wheels fixture to prevent rotation of the wheel on the rail, the wheel holding mechanism for holding the two wheels fixture said, a vertical moving means for vertically moving the wheel holding mechanism, one of the wheel fixture is held at one end of the wheel holding mechanism, Rukoto other of the wheel fixture is held at the other end of the wheel holding mechanism, also,
And two wheels fixture to prevent rotation of the wheel on the rail, a positioning arm for holding one of the wheel fixture stop the wheel in position determines the position of the wheel, the wheel fixturing A movable arm that holds the other of the tool, an arm fixing tool that holds the positioning arm and the movable arm, the positioning arm is held at one end of the arm fixing tool, and the movable arm is A wheel holding guide which is rotatably held with respect to the arm fixing tool at the other end of the arm fixing tool, and the wheel fixing tool is provided at predetermined intervals along the circumference of the wheel; It is preferable to form a V shape by the wheel holding guides.

  The flaw detection head includes a plurality of probes arranged symmetrically at corresponding positions around the axis of the flaw detection surface of the axle, a proximity sensor for detecting a flaw detection reference hole of the axle, and the axis A plurality of probes disposed symmetrically at corresponding positions around the axis of the flaw detection surface of the axle, and flaw detection on the axle. It is preferable to have a proximity sensor that detects a reference hole and a distance sensor that detects a distance from the flaw detection surface of the axle.

  An oil supply unit that supplies oil as a contact medium to the flaw detection head, a control unit that controls forward and backward movement and rotation of the flaw detection head, a calculation processing unit that calculates flaw detection results, and a data processing unit that processes calculation data And a display device for displaying the data, and in particular, fully automatic flaw detection is possible by preprogramming with a recording processing device having a control unit, an arithmetic processing unit, and a data processing unit. Can do.

Further, the present invention provides an axle flaw detection method in which an axle having wheels is subjected to ultrasonic flaw detection with a flaw detection head at an end surface thereof, a wheel fixing step of fixing the wheels on a rail, and a height of the axle inside the wheels. A height measurement step for measuring a plurality of locations in the axial direction and a height difference between the flaw detection head center with respect to the axle center based on the data obtained by the measurement, and based on the obtained value a positioning step for positioning the inspection head centered with respect to the axle center, and a flaw detection step successively closed to perform the ultrasonic flaw detection,
Two wheel fixtures for preventing rotation of the wheel on the rail, a wheel holding mechanism for holding the two wheel fixtures, and a vertical movement means for moving the wheel holding mechanism up and down, One of the wheel fixtures is held at one end of the wheel holding mechanism, and the wheel fixing step is performed using a wheel fixing device in which the other of the wheel fixtures is held at the other end of the wheel holding mechanism. In particular, the process after the process of fixing the wheel on the rail can be automatically performed by setting in advance a program.

Further, the wheel fixturing device according to the present invention, the wheel fixture is wheel-holding guide, characterized by fixing the wheel to the V-type by the two wheel holding guide.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the axle flaw detection apparatus which can aim at shortening of the positioning time of the center of an axle shaft and a flaw detection head center, and reduction of an axle inspection time, and its method can be provided.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.

  FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an axle flaw detector according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the object to be inspected is an axle 1, which has wheels 2, 2a and axle boxes 3, 3a. The flaw detection heads 5 and 5a are provided in driving devices 4 and 4a for rotating the heads 5 and 5 in the vertical and horizontal directions. The wheels 2 and 2a are mounted on the rails 6 and 6a and are fixed by the wheel fixing devices 7 and 7a. In addition, the axle flaw detector according to the present invention includes an ultrasonic flaw detector 31 and a wheel fixing device 7, 7 a for transmitting a pulse signal and receiving an ultrasonic echo to a probe disposed in the flaw detection heads 5, 5 a. A wheel fixing air cylinder for driving, an air cylinder driving compressed air supply unit 32 for pressing the flaw detection heads 5, 5 a against the end surface of the axle 1, and an acoustic coupling between the probe and the flaw detection surface of the axle 1. An oil supply unit 33 is provided.

  The flaw detection data recording processing device 22 includes a data processing unit 23 for processing flaw detection data, an arithmetic processing unit 24 and driving devices 4, 4a, an ultrasonic flaw detector 31, and an operation switch for controlling the compressed air supply unit 32. It is comprised from the control part 25 which has. The processing result of the data processing unit 23 is displayed on the display device 21.

  The distance sensors 8, 8 a are parallel to the rails 6, 6 a and are provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the axle 1, and two heights are measured at predetermined intervals of the axle 1. Based on the measured data, the arithmetic processing unit 24 calculates the height difference from the center of the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a based on the heights of the centers of both ends of the axle 1. It has drive units 4 and 4a for positioning the center of both ends of the axle 1 and the centers of the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a by the calculation.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a driving device for driving the flaw detection head. As shown in FIG. 2, the drive devices 4, 4 a absorb an impact when the flaw detection heads 5, 5 a are pressed against the axle 1 and serve as pressing means for making the pressure on the flaw detection surface 11 a constant. The cable winding portion 42 for winding the probe cable of the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a, the rotation mechanism portion 43 for rotating the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a, and the rotation mechanism portion 43 are moved forward and backward together with the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a. A vertical movement table 46 is provided by vertical movement means 44 using an air cylinder for moving the vertical movement table 44 and the vertical movement table 44 up and down.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the flaw detection head and the axle end before and after flaw detection. FIG. 3A shows a state where the flaw detection head and the axle are separated from each other, and FIG. 3B shows a flaw detection state where the flaw detection head and the axle are in contact with each other. As shown in FIG. 3, the flaw detection surface 11 of the axle 1 has an axle center hole 12 indicating the center of the axle 1 and a flaw detection reference hole 13, and the flaw detection heads 5, 5 a correspond to the axle center hole 12. Protrusions 51 are provided to save oil inserted and used.

  4A and 4B are configuration diagrams showing the wheel fixing device and its operation. FIG. 4A shows a state before fixing the wheel, and FIG. 4B shows a state after fixing. As shown in FIG. 4, the wheel 2 is fixed on the rail 6 by a V-shape formed by two wheel holding guides 72 a and 72 b provided along the circumferential surface of the wheel 2. The wheel holding guides 72a and 72b are held by a wheel holding mechanism 72, and have a vertical movement means by a wheel fixing air cylinder 71 that moves the wheel holding guides 72 up and down, and move left and right as the wheel holding guides 72a and 72b move upward. The wheel 2 and the wheel holding guides 72a and 72b come into contact with each other, both the wheels 2 are fixed at a predetermined position, and the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a are not adjusted left and right by the driving device. Can be fixed. The movement by the wheel fixing air cylinder 71 does not lift the whole, but only moves the wheel 1.

  Compressed air from the compressed air supply unit 32 shown in FIG. 1 to the wheel fixing air cylinder 71 of the wheel fixing device 7 while the wheel 2 is held between the V-shaped wheel holding guides 72a and 72b of the wheel fixing device 7. And the wheel holding mechanism 72 is raised. Since the wheel holding guides 72a and 72b are fixed to the wheel holding mechanism 72, the wheel holding guide 72a and the wheel 2 first come into contact with each other, and the wheel 2 is moved in the direction of the wheel holding guide 72b and the wheel holding guide 72b is moved. Stop at the hit position and fix the wheel 2. At this time, when the wheel 2 is fixed, the wheel holding guides 72a and 72b are V-shaped so that the center position in the left-right direction of the axle 1 is constant even if the outer diameter of the wheel 2 changes. Become.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the flaw detection head, FIG. 5 (a) shows a contact surface side with an axle, and FIG. 5 (b) is a perspective view showing a probe cable drawn out state. As shown in FIG. 5, the flaw detection head detects three probes 54 arranged symmetrically at corresponding positions around the axis of the flaw detection surface of the axle 1 and the flaw detection reference hole 13 of the axle 1. And a conical oil-conserving protrusion 51 for conserving oil disposed at a position corresponding to the axis, and further, an oil holding groove 52, an oil supply hole 53, an oil supply tube 53a, A probe cable 54a and a proximity sensor cable 55a are provided. All of the probes 54 are slightly recessed from the base surface of the flaw detection head, and oil is supplied to the flaw detection surface. A spacer is inserted in each probe 54 so as to be inclined with respect to the flaw detection surface of the axle 1 at a position to be flawed on the axle 1.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the present invention. Since the operations of the driving device 4 and the driving device 4a are the same, the operation of the driving device 4 will be described. In FIG. 1, the flaw detection parameter S1 is set by the recording processing device 22. Next, the wheel 2 is fixed to the axle S2 by the wheel fixing device 7. This wheel fixing operation is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the following flaw detection operation is automatically started by confirming that the wheel 2 is fixed and pressing a flaw detection start switch attached to the control unit 25.

  First, the axle center position detection S3 is performed by measuring the shortest distance to the axle 1 with the distance sensors 8 and 8a. If the values of the distance sensors 8, 8a are the same, the axle is horizontal with no inclination in the height direction, and if there is a difference in the values of the distance sensors 8, 8a, the axle 1 is inclined due to wear of the wheels 2. Will be. Since the outer diameter dimension of the axle 1 and the length of the axle 1 are determined, the axle processed into the flaw detection surface 11 shown in FIG. 3A by calculating the values of the distance sensors 8 and 8a by the arithmetic processing unit 24. The center position of the center hole 12 in the height direction is calculated. Further, the distance from the center position of the flaw detection head 5 is calculated, and the movement distance of the vertical movement table 46 is sent to the control unit 25. The control unit 25 moves the vertical movement table 46 of the driving device 4 shown in FIG. 2 to the position obtained by the arithmetic processing unit 24 so that the axle center and the center of the flaw detection head 5 coincide.

  Next, the control unit 25 shown in FIG. 1 drives the back-and-forth movement table 44 shown in FIG. 2 to move the tip of the flaw detection head 5 to just before the flaw detection surface 11 shown in FIG. The air cylinder 41 is driven to press the flaw detection head 5 against the flaw detection surface 11 of the axle 1 as shown in FIG. At this time, the oil saving projection 51 attached to the center of the flaw detection head 5 shown in FIG. 3 is in a state of closing the axle center hole 12.

  Next, the control unit 25 controls the oil supply unit 33 to supply oil from the oil supply hole 53 shown in FIG. 5a to the oil holding mechanism 52 through the oil supply tube 53a shown in FIG. 5b. To stop.

  Next, the control unit 25 controls the rotation mechanism unit 43 of the driving device 4 shown in FIG. 2 to rotate the flaw detection head 5, and the flaw detection reference shown in FIG. 3A by the proximity sensor 55 shown in FIG. The hole 13 is detected S4, and the flaw detection start position is set. The oil previously supplied to the oil holding mechanism 52 of the flaw detection head 5 rotates in order to detect the flaw detection reference hole 13 shown in FIG. 3 and the flaw detection surface 11 shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, the oil supply tube 53a, the probe cable 54a, the cable of the proximity sensor cable 55a and the tube drawn from the flaw detection head 5 rotate with the rotation of the flaw detection head 5, but no countermeasures are taken. Otherwise, there is a risk of being wound around the drive device 4 and becoming inoperable. Therefore, a structure that winds around the cable winding portion 42 shown in FIG.

  Next, the flaw detection data is processed by the data processing unit 23 of the recording processing device 22 while rotating flaw 360 degrees in the circumferential direction of the flaw detection surface 11 from the flaw detection start position and flaw detection S5, and the presence or absence of defects is judged and the display device 21 outputs a defect presence / absence display S6. Finally, the rotation mechanism 43 shown in FIG. 2 is rotated to the flaw detection start state to return to the initial state, and the cable and tube wound around the cable winding unit 42 are rewound S7, and the process is terminated.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to detect the center position of the axle 1 in a state where the left and right positioning times of the axle 1 are shortened, the system construction time of the control system is shortened, and the axle box 3 is attached to the axle 1. Reduction of axle inspection man-hours can be achieved.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the wheels 2 and 2a are positioned at predetermined positions by the wheel fixing device 7, so that the right and left for detecting the center position of the axle, which is necessary in the positioning method using the conventional axle center hole, is used. The control of the direction is not required, and the working time can be shortened, the system construction time of the control system can be shortened and the apparatus can be downsized, and the axle center hole 12 is not scanned, so that it is attached to the flaw detection head 5 when the axle center hole 12 is detected. This eliminates the problem that the sensor interferes with the axle box 3, and even if the axle box 3 is attached, the axle center position can be detected, so that the axle box 3 is not removed for flaw detection. Reduce inspection man-hours.

  Further, when the two distance sensors 8 and 8a are used, the wheel 2 is consumed, and even when a difference occurs in the outer diameter of the left and right wheels, the inclination of the axle 1 in the vertical direction is calculated from the difference in the distance. There is an effect that the center position of each axle at both ends can be obtained. In this embodiment, two distance sensors are used. However, even if one distance sensor is used, it can be measured in the same manner as in the case of two distance sensors.

  FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram of another axle flaw detector according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, in the axle flaw detector, the axle 1 to be inspected has wheels 2 and 2a and is mounted on rails 6 and 6a. As shown in FIG. 7, a pulse signal is transmitted to the probes arranged on the driving devices 4 and 4a and the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a for rotating the flaw detection heads 5 and 5a up and down, left and right, front and rear, and ultrasonic waves. An ultrasonic flaw detector 31 for receiving an echo, an air compressor driving unit 32 for driving an air cylinder for pressing a flaw detection head against an axle end face, a flaw detection data recording processor 22, and data processing for processing flaw detection data And a control unit 25 with operation switches for controlling the arithmetic processing unit 24, the driving devices 4, 4a, the ultrasonic flaw detector 31, and the compressed air supply unit 32. The processing result of the data processing unit is displayed on the display device 21.

  Similarly to the first embodiment, the distance sensors 8 and 8a are provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the axle 1, and the flaw detection head 5 with respect to the center of the axle end based on the data measured by the distance sensors 8 and 8a. The height difference from the center of 5a is calculated by the arithmetic processing unit 24, and based on the calculation result, the positioning in the height direction between the center of the end of the axle 1 and the center of the flaw detection head 5, 5a is performed by the driving devices 4, 4a. Done. Also in this embodiment, since the height of the axle is measured by the distance sensors 8 and 8a and the respective center positions in the height direction at both ends are obtained, the end centers of the left and right axles 1 and the flaw detection head 5 thereafter. The center position of 5a can be easily adjusted by the drive devices 4 and 4a.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a wheel fixing device for fixing the wheels so as not to move during flaw detection. FIG. 8A is a front view of the wheel fixing device, and FIG. 8B is a perspective view showing a fixed state of the wheel. As shown in FIG. 8, the wheel 1 is fixed by a wheel fixing device while being on the rail 6. In the wheel fixing device, two wheel holding guides 72a and 72b are provided on the positioning arm 9b and the movable arm 9a for determining a predetermined stop position of the wheel 2, respectively. The positioning arm 9 b and the movable arm 9 a are provided on the arm fixture 9. First, the wheel 2 is pressed against the wheel holding guide 72b of the positioning arm 9b, and then the wheel holding guide 72b of the movable arm 9a is inserted and fixed. Each of the wheel holding guides 72 a and 72 b has a structure in which the contact surface with the wheel 2 is inclined along the inclination of the wheel 2 so as to be V-shaped with respect to the wheel 2. Also in this wheel fixing device, the wheel 2 can be fixed to the rotation center similarly to the first embodiment by fixing the position to the rotation center of the wheel 2.

  FIG. 9 is a plan view of the flaw detection head according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the flaw detection head has three probes 54, a proximity sensor 55 for detecting the flaw detection reference hole 13, and a distance sensor 56 for measuring the distance from the probe 54 flaw detection surface. The probes 54 are all the same surface as the base surface. In addition, a cable for each sensor is provided on the back side of the flaw detection head.

  10A and 10B are diagrams showing a procedure for detecting the center position of the axle center hole. FIG. 10A is a partial cross-sectional view of the axle end viewed from the side, and FIG. 10B is the left-right axle on the axle end face. It is the top view which showed how to obtain | require a center position. As shown in FIG. 10A, the flaw detection portion of the axle 1 has a flaw detection surface 11 at the end portion of the axle, an axle center hole 12, and a flaw detection reference hole 13 processed into the flaw detection surface 11. A distance sensor 56 for detecting the center position of the axle 1 is provided at the center of the tip of the flaw detection head 5 shown in FIG. The distance sensor 56 detects the positions L1 and L2 with respect to the axle center hole 12, and then calculates the return amount from these distances to obtain the center position of the axle 1. Based on this value, the flaw detection head 5 is set on the flaw detection surface 11 by the driving device.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the flaw detection head driving apparatus of the present embodiment. The drive device absorbs an impact when the flaw detection head 5 is pressed against the axle 1 and also makes an air cylinder 41 as a pressing means for making the pressure on the flaw detection surface constant, a cable winding portion 42 for winding each cable, a flaw detection vertical movement table for moving back and forth moving table 44 for moving both the rotation mechanism section 43 in the longitudinal and head 5, the right and left moving table 45 for moving the front and rear movable table 44 to the right and left, the right and left moving table 45 in the vertical 46, a vertical drive means for driving the vertical movement table 46 up and down.

  Next, each operation will be described. Since the operation of the drive device 4 and the drive device 4a is the same, the operation of the drive device 4 will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 8, after the wheel 2 is pressed against the wheel holding guide 72 b of the positioning arm 9 b of the wheel fixing device, the movable arm 9 a is turned to firmly press the wheel holding guide 72 a against the wheel 2. And fix.

  Next, oil for acoustic coupling between the probe 54 shown in FIG. 9 and the flaw detection surface 11 shown in FIG. 10 is applied to the probe 54 and the flaw detection surface 11. Each probe 54 is set so that the flaw detection position is directed to the set angle.

  Next, when the flaw detection start switch attached to the control unit 25 shown in FIG. 7 is pressed, the driving device 4 controls the vertical movement table 46 shown in FIG. 11 to move the distance sensor 56 to the center position of the new wheel. Next, the left / right movement table 45 is controlled to move the distance sensor 56 from the start point a1 to the end point a2 shown in FIG. At this time, the starting point a1, the ending point a2, and the position information of the mutation points L1 and L2 of the axle center hole 12 detected by the distance sensor 56 are sent to the arithmetic processing unit 24. The height direction is measured by the distance sensors 8 and 8 a, the axle center is set, and the position information is sent to the arithmetic processing unit 24.

The arithmetic processing unit 24 shown in FIG. 7 determines the center of the flaw detection head 5 as the axle from the positional relationship between the obtained position information of the mutation points L1 and L2 of the axle center hole 12 and the flaw detection head 5 and the distance sensor 8 set in advance. The movement amount for matching with the center of 1 is calculated and sent to the control unit 25. The control unit 25 controls the vertical movement table 46 and the horizontal movement table 45 shown in FIG. 11 to move the flaw detection head 5 by the movement amount obtained by the arithmetic processing unit 24 so that the axle center and the flaw detection head 5 center coincide.

  Next, the control unit 25 controls the back-and-forth moving table 44 to bring the flaw detection head 5 close to the flaw detection surface 11 and then drive the flaw detection head pressing air cylinder 41 to press the flaw detection head 5 against the flaw detection surface 11.

  Next, the rotation mechanism 43 is rotated to detect the flaw detection reference hole 13 processed in the axle 1 and set the flaw detection start position.

  Next, the flaw detection head 5 is rotated 360 ° from the flaw detection start position by the rotation mechanism 43, and the flaw detection waveform is processed by the data processing unit 23 while flaw detection is performed by the ultrasonic flaw detector 31, and the presence or absence of a defect is determined and the display device 21 Output to. The cable winding unit 42 can adjust the excess and deficiency of the cable length due to the rotation of the flaw detection head 5 and can prevent the cable from being wound around the driving device 4.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the axle left and right positioning times are shortened, the system construction time of the control system is shortened, and the axle center position is detected with the axle box body attached to the axle. Man-hours can be reduced.

1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an axle flaw detector according to the present invention. It is a perspective view of the drive device which drives the flaw detection head concerning the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the flaw detection head and axle end part before and after flaw detection which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the wheel fixing device which concerns on this invention, and its operation | movement. 1 is a perspective view of a flaw detection head according to the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of this invention. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an axle flaw detector according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the wheel fixing device which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows arrangement | positioning of the probe of the flaw detection head which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the detection procedure of the axle center hole center position in the axle flaw detector based on this invention. It is a perspective view of the drive device which drives the flaw detection head of the device concerning the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Axle, 11, 11a ... Flaw detection surface, 12 ... Axle center hole, 13 ... Flaw detection reference hole, 2, 2a ... Wheel, 21 ... Display device, 22 ... Recording processing device, 23 ... Data processing part, 24 ... Arithmetic processing , 25 ... control unit, 3, 3a ... axle box, 31 ... ultrasonic flaw detector, 32 ... compressed air supply unit, 33 ... oil supply unit, 4, 4a ... drive device, 41 ... air cylinder, 42 ... cable winding Take-up part, 43 ... Rotating mechanism part, 44 ... Forward / backward movement table, 45 ... Left / right movement table, 46 ... Vertical movement table, 5, 5a ... Inspection head, 51 ... Protrusion, 52 ... Oil holding groove, 53 ... Oil supply hole, 53a ... Oil supply tube, 54 ... Probe, 54a ... Probe cable, 55 ... Proximity sensor, 55a ... Proximity sensor cable, 56 ... Distance sensor, 6, 6a ... Rail, 7, 7a ... Wheel fixing device, 71 ... wheel fixing Cylinder, 72 ... wheel holding mechanism, 72a, 72b ... wheel holding guide, 8, 8a ... distance sensor, 9 ... arm fixture, 9a ... movable arm, 9b ... positioning arm, L1 ... axle center hole end, L2 ... axle Center hole end, L3 ... Axle center hole end, L4 ... Axle center hole end.

Claims (5)

In an axle flaw detection apparatus that ultrasonically flaws an axle having wheels at its end face using a flaw detection head,
A wheel fixing device for fixing the wheel on a rail; a distance sensor disposed at intervals in the axial direction of the axle so that the height of the axle can be measured at a plurality of locations; and the distance sensor It has an arithmetic processing unit for calculating a height difference between the flaw detection head center for the axle center plurality of data based on the obtained Te, and a positioning device for positioning the inspection head center to the axle center ,
The wheel fixing device includes two wheel fixing tools that prevent rotation of the wheel on the rail, a wheel holding mechanism that holds the two wheel fixing tools, and a vertical movement that moves the wheel holding mechanism up and down. Means,
An axle characterized in that one of the wheel fixtures is held at one end of the wheel holding mechanism, and the other of the wheel fixtures is held at the other end of the wheel holding mechanism. Flaw detection equipment.   2. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the positioning device includes a flaw detection head, a pressing unit that fixes the flaw detection head, absorbs an impact on the axle end surface, and presses the flaw detection head and the pressing unit with a predetermined pressure. , A front / rear moving table mounted with the rotation mechanism and movable in the axle direction together with the flaw detection head and pressing means, a front / rear driving means for moving the front / rear moving table back and forth, the front / rear moving table and the front / rear drive An axle flaw detector comprising: a vertically moving table on which the means is mounted; and a vertically driving means for vertically moving the vertically moving table.   3. The axle flaw detector according to claim 2, wherein the positioning device includes a left / right moving table on which the front / rear moving table is mounted and moved to the left and right, and a left / right driving means for moving the left / right moving table to the left and right. In an axle flaw detection apparatus that ultrasonically flaws an axle having wheels at its end face using a flaw detection head,
A wheel fixing device for fixing the wheel on a rail; a distance sensor disposed at intervals in the axial direction of the axle so that the height of the axle can be measured at a plurality of locations; and the distance sensor An arithmetic processing unit that calculates a height difference between the center of the flaw detection head and the center of the flaw detection head based on a plurality of data obtained in this manner, and a positioning device that positions the flaw detection head center with respect to the axle center. ,
The wheel fixing device includes two wheel fixing devices that prevent rotation of the wheel on the rail, and one of the wheel fixing devices that holds one of the wheel fixing devices and stops the wheel at a predetermined position to determine the position of the wheel. An arm, a movable arm that holds the other of the wheel fixture, and an arm fixture that holds the positioning arm and the movable arm,
The positioning arm is held at one end of the arm fixture, and the movable arm is held rotatably at the other end of the arm fixture relative to the arm fixture. A featured axle flaw detector. In an axle flaw detection method in which an axle having wheels is subjected to ultrasonic flaw detection at its end surface by a flaw detection head, a wheel fixing step of fixing the wheel on a rail, and a plurality of heights of the axle inside the wheel with respect to the axial direction. A height measurement step for measuring the location, and a height difference between the flaw detection head center with respect to the axle center based on the data obtained by the measurement, and based on the obtained value, the height with respect to the axle center. A positioning step for positioning the center of the flaw detection head and a flaw detection step for performing the ultrasonic flaw detection are sequentially provided,
Two wheel fixtures for preventing rotation of the wheel on the rail, a wheel holding mechanism for holding the two wheel fixtures, and a vertical movement means for moving the wheel holding mechanism up and down, One of the wheel fixtures is held at one end of the wheel holding mechanism, and the wheel fixing step is performed using a wheel fixing device in which the other of the wheel fixtures is held at the other end of the wheel holding mechanism. axle testing method according to claim <br/> be performed.

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