JP4423570B2 - 改質用触媒担体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
改質用触媒担体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4423570B2 JP4423570B2 JP2007092798A JP2007092798A JP4423570B2 JP 4423570 B2 JP4423570 B2 JP 4423570B2 JP 2007092798 A JP2007092798 A JP 2007092798A JP 2007092798 A JP2007092798 A JP 2007092798A JP 4423570 B2 JP4423570 B2 JP 4423570B2
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- Prior art keywords
- zirconia
- solid solution
- reforming catalyst
- catalyst carrier
- coating
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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Description
基材、及び、
ジルコニアの含有割合がジルコニアとチタニアとの総質量に対して50〜90質量%であるジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末と、アルミナ、ジルコニア、酸化鉄、希土類元素酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属酸化物からなり且つ直径が10nm以下のナノ細孔を有している金属酸化物ナノ多孔体であるマトリックスとからなり、前記基材の表面上に形成された被覆、
を備えることを特徴とするものである。
基材、及び、
ジルコニアの含有割合がジルコニアとチタニアとの総質量に対して50〜90質量%であるジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末と、アルミナ、ジルコニア、酸化鉄、希土類元素酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属酸化物からなり且つ直径が10nm以下のナノ細孔を有している金属酸化物ナノ多孔体であるマトリックスとからなり、前記基材の表面上に形成された被覆、
を備えることを特徴とするものである。
(i)アルミナ、ジルコニア、酸化鉄、希土類元素酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物のコロイド粒子からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有するコロイド溶液、或いは、
(ii)アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、鉄、希土類元素、アルカリ金属及びアルカリ土類金属の塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有する金属塩溶液、
が好ましい。
Al2O3コロイド…平均粒径:5〜20nm、針状粒子、硝酸水溶液(アルミナ換算濃度:25質量%)、
Zr溶液…オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム水溶液(ジルコニア換算濃度:18質量%)、
Ti溶液…四塩化チタン水溶液(チタニア換算濃度:27.5質量%)、
Ca溶液…硝酸カルシウム水溶液(カルシア換算濃度:10質量%)、
Ce溶液…硝酸セリウム水溶液(セリア換算濃度:28質量%)、
Rh溶液…硝酸ロジウム水溶液(ロジウム換算濃度:3質量%)。
<ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末の調製>
Ti溶液とZr溶液とをジルコニアとチタニアとの質量比(ジルコニア/チタニア)が70/30となるように秤取し、水1000gに溶解した。さらに、得られた溶液に30質量%の過酸化水素水160g及び界面活性剤(レオコン1020H、ライオン社製)24gを添加して原料水溶液を得た。次に、25%アンモニア水456gを1000gの水に希釈したアンモニア水を、前記原料水溶液に攪拌下で添加し、共沈殿物を生成させた。そして、得られた共沈殿物を濾過し、水で洗浄した後に500℃で5時間焼成し、更に粉砕してジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末(平均粒径:5μm)を得た。
Ca溶液とZr溶液とをジルコニアとカルシアとの質量比(ジルコニア/カルシア)が95/5となるように秤取し、水1000gに溶解して原料水溶液を得た。次に、25%アンモニア水456gを1000gの水に希釈したアンモニア水を、前記原料水溶液に攪拌下で添加し、共沈殿物を生成させた。そして、得られた共沈殿物を濾過し、水で洗浄した後に800℃で5時間焼成し、更に粉砕してジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末(平均粒径:2μm)を得た。
ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末、Al2O3コロイド、Zr溶液及びCe溶液を表1に示す割合(金属酸化物換算)で混合し、メタノールにより希釈して固形分濃度が12質量%の分散液を調製した。そして、得られた分散液をホモジナイザにより20000sec−1の剪断速度の下で2分間混合した後、約1分間緩やかな攪拌速度(20rpm)として混入気泡を除去せしめて被覆組成物を得た。
Al2O3コロイド、Zr溶液、Ti溶液及びCe溶液を表1に示す割合(金属酸化物換算)で混合するようにした以外は実施例1と同様にして基材表面に金属酸化物被覆が形成されている改質用触媒担体を得た。
実施例1で得られた金属酸化物被覆の表面を電子顕微鏡により観察したところ、ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末とジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末とが金属酸化物マトリックスの中に封入された状態で存在していることが確認された。
実施例1及び比較例1に記載の方法で前記金属製高密度ハニカムに金属酸化物被覆を担持せしめた改質用触媒担体を用いて得た触媒について、以下のようにして硫黄被毒に対する耐久安定性を評価した。
次に、このようにして得られた各水素生成反応用触媒を図1に示す試験装置にセットした。図1に示す試験装置は、改質ガスと再生ガスとが交互に導入される赤外線イメージ炉1と、出口反応ガス中の水蒸気を除去するためのトラッパー2と、流量計3と、ガスクロマトグラフィー4とを備えており、赤外線イメージ炉1の石英炉心管5内に水素生成反応用触媒(金属製高密度ハニカム)6が配置され、熱電対7によってその温度が測定される。
実施例1に記載の方法で得られた金属酸化物被覆のマトリックス部分について、以下のようにしてX線小角散乱法によりナノ細孔を有することを確認した。なお、得られた被覆を基材から分離して乳鉢で粉砕し、マトリックス部分の粉体を試料として用いた。
Claims (21)
- 基材、及び、
ジルコニアの含有割合がジルコニアとチタニアとの総質量に対して50〜90質量%であるジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末と、アルミナ、ジルコニア、酸化鉄、希土類元素酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属酸化物からなり且つ直径が10nm以下のナノ細孔を有している金属酸化物ナノ多孔体であるマトリックスとからなり、前記基材の表面上に形成された被覆、
を備えることを特徴とする改質用触媒担体。 - 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末の平均粒径が0.01〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末の含有割合が、前記被覆を構成する金属酸化物の総質量に対して10〜60質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末が前記マトリックス中に封入されて前記基材の表面上に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記被覆中にジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末が更に含有されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体において、ジルコニアの含有割合がジルコニアとカルシアとの総質量に対して80〜98質量%であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末の平均粒径が0.01〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末の含有割合が、前記被覆を構成する金属酸化物の総質量に対して10〜60質量%であることを特徴とする請求項5〜7のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末及び前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末が前記マトリックス中に封入されて前記基材の表面上に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項5〜8のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末の表面及び/又は前記被覆の表面に担持されている貴金属を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体。
- ジルコニアの含有割合がジルコニアとチタニアとの総質量に対して50〜90質量%であるジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末を、アルミナ、ジルコニア、酸化鉄、希土類元素酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属酸化物の原料を含有する原料流体組成物と共に、1000sec−1以上の剪断速度の下で混合して得た被覆組成物を基材に塗布した後に熱処理し、前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末と前記金属酸化物からなり且つ直径が10nm以下のナノ細孔を有している金属酸化物ナノ多孔体であるマトリックスとからなる被覆を前記基材の表面上に形成することを特徴とする改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記剪断速度が10000sec−1以上であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末の平均粒径が0.01〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項11又は12に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末の含有割合が、前記被覆を構成する金属酸化物の総質量に対して10〜60質量%であることを特徴とする請求項11〜13のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末が前記マトリックス中に封入されて前記基材の表面上に担持されることを特徴とする請求項11〜14のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末を、前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末及び前記原料流体組成物と共に前記剪断速度の下で混合することを特徴とする請求項11〜15のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体において、ジルコニアの含有割合がジルコニアとカルシアとの総質量に対して80〜98質量%であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末の平均粒径が0.01〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項16又は17に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末の含有割合が、前記被覆を構成する金属酸化物の総質量に対して10〜60質量%であることを特徴とする請求項16〜18のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末及び前記ジルコニア・カルシア固溶体の粉末が前記マトリックス中に封入されて前記基材の表面上に担持されることを特徴とする請求項16〜19のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニア・チタニア固溶体の粉末の表面及び/又は前記被覆の表面に貴金属を担持せしめる工程を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項11〜20のうちのいずれか一項に記載の改質用触媒担体の製造方法。
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