JP4411729B2 - Lead-acid battery charging method - Google Patents
Lead-acid battery charging method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4411729B2 JP4411729B2 JP2000050612A JP2000050612A JP4411729B2 JP 4411729 B2 JP4411729 B2 JP 4411729B2 JP 2000050612 A JP2000050612 A JP 2000050612A JP 2000050612 A JP2000050612 A JP 2000050612A JP 4411729 B2 JP4411729 B2 JP 4411729B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、充放電を繰り返して使用される鉛蓄電池、いわゆるサイクル使用される鉛蓄電池を充電する方法の技術に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
鉛蓄電池の充電をする場合、鉛蓄電池のサイクル寿命、放電容量を充分に発揮させるには、過不足なく適性な電気量が充電されることが必要てあり、従来の鉛蓄電池の充電方法においては、適正な電気量が充電されるようにするために、放電電気量を算出して充電電気量を推定したり、充電過程で一定の電圧値になるまでの充電電気量を算出して放電電気量を推定したりすることにより充電電気量を求めて充電していた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の鉛蓄電池の充電方法にあっては、以下に説明するような問題点を有していた。
【０００４】
充分な放電容量が得られるようにするには、充電電気量が多めになるように設定した条件で鉛蓄電池を充電すれば良いが、充電電気量が多めに設定された鉛蓄電池は充放電サイクルを繰り返し継続して使用すると、電解液が枯渇したり、活物質が劣化したり、活物質を保持する格子体が劣化したりして放電容量の低下が著しくなり、また、寿命特性が悪くなるという問題点があった。そこで、充電電気量を少なめに設定した条件で充電すると、鉛蓄電池の寿命特性は良くなるが、放電容量が抑制されるという問題点が新たに発生する。
【０００５】
本発明は、鉛蓄電池の寿命特性および放電容量の両者を向上させることができる充電方法を提供することを目的としている。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記問題点を解決するために、本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法においては、充放電サイクルの初期段階とそれ以降の段階とでは異なる電気量により充電し、初期段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合は高くし、初期段階以降の段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合は低くすることとしている。
【０００７】
そして、このようにすることにより、高い放電容量を引き出すことができ、優れた寿命特性を長く維持することができる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法にあっては、各請求項に記載したような形態で実施することができ、以下にその構成に作用効果を併記して説明する。
【０００９】
請求項１に記載のように、充放電サイクルの初期段階とそれ以降の段階とでは異なる電気量により充電し、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を、初期段階ではそれ以降の段階よりも大きくするものである。
【００１０】
充放電サイクルの初期段階での鉛蓄電池の放電容量が、その電池の最大放電容量よりも少ないめであると、初期段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合が高くなって好ましい。充放電サイクルの初期段階での放電容量は、最大放電容量に対する割合、いわゆる放電深度が０．８０〜０．９８（８０〜８９％）になるようにすると、放電電気量に対する充電電気量が高くなって効果的である。
【００１１】
そして、充放電サイクルの初期段階では、最大放電容量よりも少ないめの放電容量にし、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を高くして充電量を多いめにすることにより、高い放電容量を維持することができ、また、初期段階以降の段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を低くして充電量を少なめにすることにより、寿命特性を向上させることができる。
【００１２】
また、請求項２に記載のように、充放電サイクルの初期段階としては、１サイクルから５〜２００サイクルの範囲の所定サイクル値まで、すなわち、最小が１〜５サイクルで最大が１〜２００サイクルの範囲までが好ましく、効果的である。
【００１３】
また、充放電サイクルの初期段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合は、請求項３に記載のように、１サイクルから最終サイクルまで所定の一定値にしたり、請求項４に記載のように段階的に減少させたり、請求項５に記載のように、連続的に減少させたりすることができるが、初期段階でも段階的もしくは連続的に減少させて低下させるようにすると、長寿命化を図る点からは効果的である。
【００１４】
さらに、請求項６に記載のように、充放電サイクルの初期段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合は、高い放電容量を引き出すことを考慮すると、１．１５〜１．３０の範囲の所定値とするのが好ましく、また、初期段階以降の段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合は、寿命特性を向上させることを考慮すると、１．００〜１．１５の範囲の所定値とするのが好ましい。そして、前者の割合が後者の割合よりも大きくなるようにすると、放電容量を向上させ、寿命特性の低下を阻止することができる。
【００１５】
【実施例】
その実施例について、図１ないし図４を参照して詳述する。なお、図１は放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合とサイクル数との関係を説明する図、図２は実施例におけるサイクル寿命特性を説明する図、図３は放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合とサイクル数との関係の他の例を説明する図、図４は放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合とサイクル数との関係の別の例を説明する図を示している。
【００１６】
充放電サイクル試験では、図１に示すように、充放電サイクルの初期段階、すなわち１サイクルより５〜２００サイクルの範囲で設定した所定サイクル値までの段階では、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合が、１．１５〜１．３０の範囲で設定した所定値になるように制御し、前記所定サイクル値以降の段階では、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合が、前記の初期段階よりは低い１．００〜１．１５の範囲で設定した所定値になるように制御している。
【００１７】
実施例による充放電サイクル試験は、電圧１２Ｖ、定格電気容量６０Ａｈの密閉型鉛蓄電池を用い、試験は温度２５℃で行い、以下に説明するａ、ｂ、ｃの条件で充電し、２０Ａ定電流で放電深度８０％の条件で放電した。そして、ａの場合は、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を、５０サイクルまでは１．２５（１２５％）、５０サイクル以降は１．１０（１１０％）と多めに減少させたもの（実施例）、ｂの場合は、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を、５０サイクルまでは１．１５（１１５％）、５０サイクル以降は１．１０（１１０％）と少なめに減少させたもの（実施例）、ｃの場合は、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を、５０サイクルまでは１．２５（１２５％）、５０サイクル以降も１．２５（１２５％）と変化させないもの（比較例）である。また、サイクル寿命特性は、５０サイクル毎に２０Ａ定電流で９．９Ｖまで放電して容量を測定し、そのサイクルにおける初期の放電容量に対する容量の変化率（％）として求めた。この結果は、図２に示す通りである。
【００１８】
図２より、ａの場合は、充放電サイクルの初期段階で引きだした高い放電容量を５０サイクル以降も維持し、サイクル寿命も長く維持しており、また、ｂの場合は、５０サイクルまでの放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合がａの場合に比べて低いので、放電容量も低めに維持されているが、充分な寿命特性を有しており、ｃの場合は、５０サイクルまでの放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を高くして充電量を多くしているので、高い放電容量を引き出しているが、５０サイクル以降もその多い充電量で推移させているので、電解液が枯渇し、活物質および格子体が劣化して放電容量の低下が著しくなり、寿命特性も極端に短くなっていることが分かる。
【００１９】
なお、ａの場合、電解液の比重を高めにし、充放電サイクルの初期段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を高くして充電量を多くし、初期段階以降の段階での充電量を低めに設定すると、鉛蓄電池が劣化することなく、高い放電容量を寿命末期まで維持できることを確認している。また、ｂの場合は、充放電サイクルの初期段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合が低く、充電量が多くないので、電解液の比重は低めにするのが好ましい。
【００２０】
さらに、以上では、充放電サイクルの初期段階、すなわち１サイクルより５〜２００サイクルの範囲で設定した所定サイクル値までの段階では、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を、１．１５〜１．３０の範囲で設定した所定値を一定に維持させる場合について説明したが、放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合は１．１５〜１．３０の範囲内で、図３に示すように段階的で不連続に減少させたり、図４に示すように傾斜状に連続させて減少させたりすることができ、このように充放電サイクルの初期段階からそれ以降の段階へ移行する際の充電量の変化を少なくすると、寿命特性がさらに向上して効果的となる。
【００２１】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明したような形態で実施され、以下に記載されるような効果を奏する。
【００２２】
充放電サイクルの初期段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合を、初期段階以降の段階での放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合よりも高くすることにより、放電容量を向上させ、優れた寿命特性を維持させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施例における放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合とサイクル数との関係を説明する図
【図２】同実施例におけるサイクル寿命特性を説明する図
【図３】放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合とサイクル数との関係の他の例を説明する図
【図４】放電電気量に対する充電電気量の割合とサイクル数との関係の別の例を説明する図
【符号の説明】
ａ 実施例による放電容量の変化を示す線図
ｂ 他の実施例による放電容量の変化を示す線図
ｃ 比較例による放電容量の変化を示す線図[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for charging a lead storage battery that is used by repeatedly charging and discharging, that is, a lead storage battery that is used in a so-called cycle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When charging a lead-acid battery, it is necessary to charge a suitable amount of electricity without excess or deficiency in order to fully demonstrate the cycle life and discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery. In conventional lead-acid battery charging methods, In order to charge an appropriate amount of electricity, the amount of discharged electricity is estimated by estimating the amount of discharged electricity, or the amount of charged electricity until a constant voltage value is obtained during the charging process. The amount of charge electricity was calculated | required by estimating the quantity and it charged.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional lead storage battery charging method has the following problems.
[0004]
In order to obtain a sufficient discharge capacity, it is sufficient to charge the lead storage battery under conditions set to increase the amount of charge electricity, but a lead storage battery with a large amount of charge electricity is charged / discharged. If the battery is continuously used repeatedly, the electrolytic solution is depleted, the active material is deteriorated, the grid holding the active material is deteriorated, and the discharge capacity is remarkably lowered, and the life characteristics are deteriorated. There was a problem. Thus, if charging is performed under a condition in which the amount of charged electricity is set to be small, the life characteristics of the lead storage battery are improved, but a problem that discharge capacity is suppressed is newly generated.
[0005]
An object of this invention is to provide the charging method which can improve both the lifetime characteristic and discharge capacity of lead acid battery.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the method for charging a lead-acid battery according to the present invention, charging is performed with different amounts of electricity in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle and the subsequent stages, and the charging electricity with respect to the amount of discharged electricity in the initial stage. The ratio of the amount is increased, and the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity in the stages after the initial stage is decreased.
[0007]
And by doing in this way, high discharge capacity can be drawn and the outstanding lifetime characteristic can be maintained long.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The lead storage battery charging method of the present invention can be carried out in the form as described in each claim, and the following description will be made with its function and effect written together.
[0009]
As described in
[0010]
If the discharge capacity of the lead storage battery in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle is less than the maximum discharge capacity of the battery, the ratio of the charge electricity to the discharge electricity in the initial stage is preferably increased. When the discharge capacity at the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle is set to a ratio to the maximum discharge capacity, that is, a so-called depth of discharge of 0.80 to 0.98 (80 to 89%), the charge electricity amount is high with respect to the discharge electricity amount. It is effective.
[0011]
In the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle, the discharge capacity is smaller than the maximum discharge capacity, and the charge capacity is increased by increasing the ratio of the charge capacity to the discharge capacity, thereby maintaining a high discharge capacity. In addition, the life characteristics can be improved by reducing the charge amount by reducing the ratio of the charge electricity amount to the discharge electricity amount in the stages after the initial stage.
[0012]
In addition, as described in claim 2, as an initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle, a predetermined cycle value ranging from 1 cycle to 5 to 200 cycles, that is, a minimum of 1 to 5 cycles and a maximum of 1 to 200 cycles. The range up to is preferable and effective.
[0013]
Further, the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity at the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle is set to a predetermined constant value from one cycle to the last cycle as described in claim 3, or as described in claim 4. It can be decreased stepwise or continuously as described in claim 5, but if it is decreased by stepwise or continuously decreasing even in the initial stage, the life is extended. It is effective from the point of aiming.
[0014]
Furthermore, as described in claim 6, the ratio of the charge electricity amount to the discharge electricity amount in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle is in the range of 1.15 to 1.30 in consideration of drawing out a high discharge capacity. It is preferable to set a predetermined value, and the ratio of the charge electricity amount to the discharge electricity amount in the stage after the initial stage is a predetermined value in the range of 1.00 to 1.15 in consideration of improving the life characteristics. Is preferable. And if the ratio of the former is made larger than the ratio of the latter, the discharge capacity can be improved and the deterioration of the life characteristics can be prevented.
[0015]
【Example】
The embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the ratio of the charge electricity amount to the discharge electricity amount and the number of cycles, FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining cycle life characteristics in the embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a diagram of the charge electricity amount with respect to the discharge electricity amount. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another example of the relationship between the ratio and the number of cycles, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another example of the relationship between the ratio of the charged electricity amount to the discharged electricity amount and the cycle number.
[0016]
In the charge / discharge cycle test, as shown in FIG. 1, in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle, that is, the stage from the first cycle to the predetermined cycle value set in the range of 5 to 200 cycles, the ratio of the charged electric quantity to the discharged electric quantity Is controlled to be a predetermined value set in the range of 1.15 to 1.30, and in the stage after the predetermined cycle value, the ratio of the charged electric quantity to the discharged electric quantity is lower than the initial stage. Control is performed so as to be a predetermined value set in a range of 1.00 to 1.15.
[0017]
The charge / discharge cycle test according to the example uses a sealed lead-acid battery having a voltage of 12 V and a rated electric capacity of 60 Ah, the test is performed at a temperature of 25 ° C., charged under the conditions of a, b, and c described below, and a constant current of 20 A The discharge was performed under the condition of a discharge depth of 80%. In the case of a, the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity is reduced to 1.25 (125%) up to 50 cycles and 1.10 (110%) after 50 cycles (implementation) Example) In the case of b, the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity is slightly reduced to 1.15 (115%) up to 50 cycles and 1.10 (110%) after 50 cycles ( In the case of Example) and c, the ratio of the charged electricity amount to the discharged electricity amount is not changed to 1.25 (125%) until 50 cycles and 1.25 (125%) after 50 cycles (Comparative Example) ). In addition, the cycle life characteristics were determined as the rate of change (%) of the capacity with respect to the initial discharge capacity in that cycle by discharging the battery up to 9.9 V at a constant current of 20 A every 50 cycles. The result is as shown in FIG.
[0018]
From FIG. 2, in the case of a, the high discharge capacity drawn out in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle is maintained after 50 cycles and the cycle life is maintained long, and in the case of b, the discharge is up to 50 cycles. Since the ratio of the amount of charge to the amount of electricity is lower than that of a, the discharge capacity is kept low, but it has sufficient life characteristics, and in the case of c, the discharge electricity up to 50 cycles. Since the charge amount is increased by increasing the ratio of the charge electricity amount to the amount, a high discharge capacity is drawn, but since the amount of charge is changed after 50 cycles, the electrolyte is depleted, It can be seen that the active material and the lattice are deteriorated, the discharge capacity is significantly reduced, and the life characteristics are extremely shortened.
[0019]
In the case of a, the specific gravity of the electrolyte is increased, the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle is increased to increase the amount of charge, and the amount of charge in the stages after the initial stage It has been confirmed that a high discharge capacity can be maintained until the end of the life without deteriorating the lead-acid battery if the battery is set to be low. In the case of b, since the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity at the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle is low and the amount of charge is not large, the specific gravity of the electrolyte is preferably low.
[0020]
Further, in the above, in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle, that is, the stage from the first cycle to the predetermined cycle value set in the range of 5 to 200 cycles, the ratio of the charge electricity amount to the discharge electricity amount is 1.15 to 1. Although the case where the predetermined value set in the range of 30 is maintained constant has been described, the ratio of the charge electricity amount to the discharge electricity amount is within the range of 1.15 to 1.30, and is stepwise as shown in FIG. The amount of charge can be reduced discontinuously or continuously in a slanted manner as shown in FIG. 4, and thus the amount of charge when changing from the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle to the subsequent stage. If the number is reduced, the life characteristics are further improved and become effective.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is implemented in the form as described above, and has the effects described below.
[0022]
By making the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity in the initial stage of the charge / discharge cycle higher than the ratio of the amount of charged electricity to the amount of discharged electricity in the stages after the initial stage, the discharge capacity is improved and excellent Life characteristics can be maintained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the ratio of charge electricity to the amount of discharge electricity and the number of cycles in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining cycle life characteristics in the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another example of the relationship between the ratio of charge electricity to the amount and the number of cycles. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another example of the relationship between the ratio of charge electricity to the amount of discharge and the number of cycles. Explanation of]
a diagram showing change in discharge capacity according to an example b diagram showing change in discharge capacity according to another example c diagram showing change in discharge capacity according to a comparative example
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000050612A JP4411729B2 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2000-02-28 | Lead-acid battery charging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000050612A JP4411729B2 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2000-02-28 | Lead-acid battery charging method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001243990A JP2001243990A (en) | 2001-09-07 |
| JP4411729B2 true JP4411729B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
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| JP2000050612A Expired - Fee Related JP4411729B2 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2000-02-28 | Lead-acid battery charging method |
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| JP2006128052A (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-05-18 | Toshiba Tec Corp | Method and device for controlling discharge of secondary battery |
| JP2008005644A (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2008-01-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Battery charging method |
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