JP4405383B2 - 発熱反応をモニタリング及び保護する方法 - Google Patents
発熱反応をモニタリング及び保護する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
下記の処理工程:
A)反応器中の初期温度及び初期圧力を測定し、記憶する工程、
B)反応器中に存在する生成物及び出発物質の量をエネルギ収支から計算する工程、
C)存在する出発物質の量に基づき段階反応時に生じる最大圧力増加量を計算する工程、及び
D)工程C)で発生し、計算された最大圧力増加量と、工程A)で記憶され、正確に測定された初期圧力とから暴走圧を計算する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする発熱反応のモニタリング方法によって達成されることを見出した。
a)反応器中で生じた温度変化ΔTと、部分量Δnの出発物質の発熱反応による反応時において反応器中に存在する出発物質及び生成物の残留量とを計算する工程、
b)温度変化ΔTにより生じた中間温度を計算する工程、
c)中間温度、出発物質及び生成物の残留量、及び反応器の容積を所定の量として入力する相平衡計算法により反応器中の中間圧力を計算する工程、
d)工程a)からd)までの最初の操作で中間圧力を開始圧力P1として記憶する工程、
e)中間圧力と開始圧力との差として断熱圧力増大量を計算する工程、及び
f)断熱圧力増大量が最大圧力増加量として予め記憶された値を超えた場合、断熱圧力増大量を最大圧力増加量として記憶する工程、
からなる各工程をk回行う。
cpが反応器の内容物の熱容量を表し、
dTが温度変化を表し、
Hiがi種類(i番目)の出発物質の反応エンタルピーを表し、
dniがi番目の出発物質の量の変化を表す。]
が用いられる。
が得られるので、中間温度:
Tjが、j反応段階後のj番目の反応温度を表す。]
が得られる。
ni,jが、j番目の段階後のi番目の物質の量を表し、
ni,0が、物質の最初の量(エネルギ収支から分かっている)を表す。]
に基づき計算し直される。
Qが現在までに放散されたエネルギ量を表し、
miが計量導入されたi番目(i種類)の出発物質の量を表し、
Hiがi番目の出発物質の反応エンタルピーを表す。]
を有している。
xiがi番目の成分のモル分率を表し、
p0,iがi番目の成分の蒸気圧を表す。]
を用いる相平衡計算の一部として計算することができる。
図1は、発熱反応のオンラインモニタリング及び保護の概略図であり、
図2は、発熱反応を保護する本発明の方法による圧力計算のフローチャートであり、
図3は、圧力増加量及び初期圧力から暴走圧の計算について示している。
相平衡計算を、種々の方法で定式化可能である。ここでは、一般的な定式化について述べる。ここでは、以下の方程式を説明する:
・収支(バランス)として全ての相に亘る各成分、
・各成分の相平衡条件、
・蒸気圧、密度・・・に関する材料データ関連、及び
・容積制限。
ni Lが、成分i(液相)の量を表し、
ni Vが、成分i(気相)の量を表し、
yiが、成分i(気相)のモル分率を表し、
xiが、成分i(液相)のモル分率を表し、
pが圧力を表し、
φiが、成分iのフカシティー係数を表し、
γiが、成分iの活量係数を表し、
p0,iが、純粋な成分iの蒸気圧を表し、
Miが、成分iの分子量を表し、
ρVが、気相の密度を表し、
ρLが、液相の密度を表し、
Vが反応器の容積を表し、
Tが温度を表す。]。
2 開始
3 中間温度Tjの計算
4 中間圧力pjの計算
5 当該操作が最初の操作(j=1?)かどうかの質問
6 質問5に対する応答(yes)
7 中間圧力pjを開始圧力p1として記憶
8 質問5に対する応答(no)
9 断熱圧力増加量Δpjの計算
10 断熱圧力増加量が最大圧力増加量より高いかどうかの質問(Δpj>Δpmax?)
11 質問10に対する応答(yes)
12 最大圧力増加量Δpmaxとしての断熱圧力増加量Δpjの記憶
13 質問10に対する応答(no)
14 転換段階の数が到達したかどうか(j=k?)の質問
15 質問14に対する応答(no)
16 ステップカウンターに1を加算(j=j+1)
17 質問14に対する応答(yes)
18 最終温度としての中間温度の記憶
19 暴走圧力pdの計算
20 反応器
21 モータ
22 撹拌器
23 反応器の供給口
24 反応器の出口
25 熱交換器
26 熱交換器の供給口
27 熱交換器の出口
28 測定箇所
29 投入され且つ排出されたエネルギの測定
30 エネルギ収支の設定及びこれにより得られる転換率の計算
31 暴走圧力の計算
32 暴走圧力/許容可能な最大圧力の比較
33 反応器の保護のための処置
34 暴走中の実際の圧力経過
35 計算された圧力増加量及び計算された初期圧力から計算された暴走圧力
36 測定された初期圧力
37 計算された初期圧力
38 計算された最大暴走圧力
39 実際の最大暴走圧力
40 本発明に従い測定された最大暴走圧力
Claims (10)
- 1種以上の反応物質が発熱反応して、少なくとも1種の生成物をもたらし、そして所望の操作中又は暴走中には少なくとも1種の気体が当該反応器中に存在する反応器において発熱反応をモニタリングする方法であって、
下記の処理工程:
A)反応器中の初期温度及び初期圧力を測定し、記憶する工程、
B)反応器中に存在する生成物及び出発物質の量をエネルギ収支から計算する工程、
C)測定された初期圧力より高圧である計算された開始圧力に関連づけて、存在する出発物質の量に基づき段階反応時に生じる最大圧力増加量を計算する工程、及び
D)工程C)で発生し、計算された最大圧力増加量と、工程A)で記憶され、正確に測定された初期圧力とから暴走圧を計算する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする発熱反応のモニタリング方法。 - 発生した最大圧力増加量を計算する(工程C)ために、存在する出発物質の量を、k個の部分量Δnに分割し、そして以下の
a)反応器中で生じた温度変化ΔTと、部分量Δnの出発物質の発熱反応による反応時において反応器中に存在する出発物質及び生成物の残留量とを計算する工程、
b)温度変化ΔTにより生じた中間温度を計算する工程、
c)中間温度、出発物質及び生成物の残留量、及び反応器の容積を所定の量として入力する相平衡計算法により反応器中の中間圧力を計算する工程、
d)工程a)からd)までの最初の操作で中間圧力を開始圧力P1として記憶する工程、
e)中間圧力と開始圧力との差として断熱圧力増大量を計算する工程、及び
f)断熱圧力増大量が最大圧力増加量として予め記憶された値を超えた場合、断熱圧力増大量を最大圧力増加量として記憶する工程、
からなる各工程をk回行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 反応器へ供給される熱、供給された出発物質によって反応器に供給される反応エンタルピー、及び反応器の冷却を介して反応器から放散される熱量を、エネルギ収支(工程B)において考慮に入れることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 反応器における生成物と出発物質との相互作用を、最大圧力増加量の計算時(工程C)に考慮に入れることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 反応器において発熱反応をオンラインモニタリング及びオンライン保護する方法であって、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって計算された暴走圧力に基づいて簡素化モデルを設定し、そして該簡素化モデルを、反応器のモニタリング及び保護のためにオンライン使用することを特徴とする発熱反応のオンラインモニタリング及びオンライン保護方法。 - 安全用コンピュータは、反応器において発熱反応のモニタリング及び制御し、簡素化モデルに基づき、暴走圧力が反応器仕様の制限値を超えたかどうかについて計算し、そして適宜、反応器の安全処置の動作を開始させることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 反応器の安全処置は、1種以上の以下の処置:出発物質の供給速度の低減、反応器の冷却の強化、停止装置の始動、及び反応器の減圧を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 発熱反応は、連続的に、半連続的に、又はバッチで行われることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法を、エマルジョン重合反応のモニタリング及び保護に使用する方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法を、発熱反応による生成物が一時的に貯蔵されるブローダウン反応器のモニタリング及び保護に使用する方法。
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GB2515411B (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2015-06-10 | Senergy Holdings Ltd | Well simulation |
WO2018077411A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Kordsa Teknik Tekstil Anonim Sirketi | Exotherm stopper mixtures |
EP3621726B1 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2022-01-26 | Mitec S.r.l. Società Di Ingegneria | Method and system for monitoring the operating conditions of a semibatch reactor |
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EP3922348A1 (de) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-15 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur überwachung eines reaktors für eine mehrphasenreaktion |
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CN113899889B (zh) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-15 | 成都理工大学 | 一种挡土墙可视化水泥浆胶凝强度监测装置及方法 |
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