JP4397136B2 - A tray for sorting agricultural products - Google Patents

A tray for sorting agricultural products Download PDF

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JP4397136B2
JP4397136B2 JP2001257643A JP2001257643A JP4397136B2 JP 4397136 B2 JP4397136 B2 JP 4397136B2 JP 2001257643 A JP2001257643 A JP 2001257643A JP 2001257643 A JP2001257643 A JP 2001257643A JP 4397136 B2 JP4397136 B2 JP 4397136B2
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tray
agricultural product
elastic
saucer
agricultural
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JP2003062528A (en
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慎一郎 佐々木
光治 石津
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静岡シブヤ精機株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、選別装置において、桃、梨、林檎、柑橘、メロン等の農産物を選別仕分けする作業に用いる受皿に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
農産物を選別する選別装置で用いられる受皿は、従来から、種々の目的に合わせて多くの型の受皿が提案されている。
【0003】
この農産物選別装置で用いられる受皿には、従来多く用いられていたコンベアに拘束した拘束式(バケット式)のものと比べ、搬送途中の撮像ステージ等の計測のために他の受皿とは無関係に一時的に停止させたり、仕分けのための分岐コンベアに受皿毎排出することができて、箱詰め段階まで農産物を傷めることを少なく取り扱うことができるフリートレイ式の受皿が近時においては多用されている。
【0004】
ところで、一般に選別装置の処理能力を向上させるためは、受皿を高速で搬送することが要求されるが、走行が比較的安定している拘束式の受皿に比べて衝撃を受けることが多いフリートレイ式の受皿では、載置搬送する農産物が転がり落下し易いために安定に保持する確実な対策が求められている。
【0005】
例えば、実公平7−37746号公報で円形状の皿の凹部側壁内面の上部から下部に亘り複数の小幅のひれ状可撓性・弾性突起を円周方向に等分に複数個設けたフリートレイ式の受皿が提案され、また特開平11−101749号公報では、農産物の下部に位置する弾性受座と農産物の側面を支持する弾性ひれ状片を有する支持片部材を設け、かつ透過光計測用の水平方向からの照射光が遮られないようにするため、弾性ひれ状片を、照射光の水平方向光路から外れるように偏在させて、農産物の転がり落下防止と透過光計測を可能としたフリートレイ式の受皿が提案されている。
【0006】
更に、特開平10−139140号公報ではトレイを真空ポンプで減圧して農産物を更に吸引・吸着して保持するフリートレイ式の受皿も提案されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、実公平7−37746号公報に示されている受皿は、ひれ状可撓性・弾性突起を設けているので、受皿上の農産物の揺れ動きや転がり落下の問題を軽減することはできるが、フリートレイ式の受皿を高速搬送した際の衝撃による転がり落下の防止や、透過光計測に要求される揺れ動きの制止については不十分であった。
【0008】
また、特開平11−101749号公報に示されている受皿は、透過光計測のための照射光が遮られないように弾性ひれ状片がコンベアの搬送方向に偏在して設けられているために、搬送方向と直交する方向の揺れ動きの制止が不十分であり、透過光計測時には照射光が遮られない方向にトレイの方向を揃えるため、コンベアに向き揃え装置を設ける必要もあった。
【0009】
また、特開平10−139140号公報に示されている受皿は、揺れ動きや転がり落下の防止のために、農産物を受皿に負圧吸引保持させるものであるが、真空ポンプ、パイプ、封止弁等の部品が必要なため、構造が複雑となり部品費が高くなるという問題があった。
【0010】
また、作業者が農産物を受皿に載置する際に受皿側に設けられている排気ノズルを真空ポンプ側の連結口に接続する作業が必要であり、この作業を受皿に農産物を載置する毎に行う必要があり、手間がかかるという問題もある。
【0011】
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、フリートレイ式の受皿を高速搬送した場合の農産物の転がり落下を極めて有効に防止できる受皿を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の上記目的は、以下の発明(1)〜(7)により達成される。
(1)農産物選別用の受皿であって、平面底板の外周から上方に立ち上がった筒状壁を有する硬質の受皿本体と、倒立円錐台形法面状の壁面体を形成すると共に、この法面状壁面体の内周面が農産物着座用壁面を形成し、更にこの壁面体は内周側で上記受皿本体に組付支持され、かつ外周縁が自由端をなすように設けられた薄肉の弾性体からなる弾性受座と、 上記受皿本体の筒状壁に外周側が組付支持されると共に内周縁が自由端とされて、上記弾性受座の外周縁の自由端に近接離間して配置された薄肉の弾性体からなる受皿上部の農産物揺れ止め部材と、を備え、上記農産物揺れ止め部材の内周縁は、上記弾性受座に着座した農産物の外周に弾着係合する内径寸法に設けられていることを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。
(2)上記発明(1)において、上記弾性体からなる受皿上部の農産物揺れ止め部材には、この部材の上下方向の撓み性を増大するための切欠きを円周方向に複数設けたことを特徴とする。
(3)上記発明(2)において、農産物揺れ止め部材の切欠きは、農産物の着座終期には、農産物との弾着係合により通気性を防止する形状に設けられていることを特徴とする。
(4)上記発明(1)又は(2)において、受皿本体、弾性受座及び農産物揺れ止め部材で囲まれた受皿内部の空間を常時大気に通気させるようにしたことを特徴とする。
(5)上記発明(1)ないし(3)のいずれかにおいて、受皿本体、弾性受座及び農産物揺れ止め部材で囲まれた受皿内部の加圧エアの大気への排気は許すが、反対方向の通気は封止する一方向通気手段を設けたことを特徴とする。
(6)上記発明(1)ないし(5)のいずれかにおいて、上記弾性受座は、受皿本体に組付支持されるその内周側部に、上下方向の弾性変形が可能な筒状弾性体を有することを特徴とする。
(7)上記発明(6)において、上記弾性受座の弾性変形が可能な筒状弾性体は、蛇腹構造をなすことを特徴とする。
【0013】
本発明が代表的に適用される搬送コンベアに拘束されていないフリートレイ式の受皿(以下「フリートレイ」という)を高速搬送した場合の農産物の転がり落下を有効に防止し、かつ多数のフリートレイを使用することから構造が簡易で安価に提供できるようにすることが求められる、という観点から進めた本発明者の検討の結果によれば、載置する農産物の重量を確実に受けながら、載置農産物の揺れ動きを防止する機能を兼ね備えた担持構造部分と、載置農産物の揺れ止めを一層高める揺れ止め防止のための揺止構造部分とは、機能が異なるために夫々に適した構造は同じでなく、また設置位置も同じでない。更に、構造的に相互に一体のものとすることはむしろ適当していないことが判明した。
【0014】
そこで、各構造部分の機能を分析しながら、できるだけ簡易な構造でその機能を発揮させることができることを検討して、本発明をなすに至ったものである。
【0015】
すなわち、上記発明(1)においては、フリートレイの構造骨格をなす硬質の受皿本体に対して、第1に、載置農産物の重量を受けかつ揺れ止め機能も発揮できる担持構造部分として、倒立円錐台形状の法面を提供する壁面体として弾性受座を設け、第2に、載置農産物の揺れ止めをより一層高めるための揺止構造部分として、受座の上方に内縁が農産物周囲に弾着する揺れ止め部材を設けたという構成を採用した。
【0016】
上記フリートレイの受皿本体は、一般的には平面円形の形状に設けられ、例えば、底面をなす環状円形の平板の外周縁から上方に一定高立ち上がった筒状壁を有すると共に、底面をなす平板の中央部に弾性受座を組み付ける部位を設けたものが好ましく用いられる。
【0017】
なお、底面をなす平板の略中央に農産物の透過光導出用の貫通孔を設けた受皿本体の場合には、その貫通孔の内周縁に前記弾性受座を組付けて構成することができる。
【0018】
次に、載置農産物の重量を受けるために、特に、上下方向の弾性変形に対する強度がある程度高い部分である上記弾性受座は、肉厚調整などにより主に載置農産物の揺れを防ぐことに機能する外周縁側の可撓性の高い揺れ止め部材に対して独立して設けられ、弾性受座の外周縁側及び揺れ止め部材の内周端側とを自由端として、切り離して構成していることは重要である。これらを自由端とすることにより該部分の撓み変形性を構造的に得る自由度が増大するからである。またこの弾性受座を揺れ止め部材と切り離して別個独立に設けることにより、構造的に相互の力学的な影響のない構成が採用できるだけでなく、材質的に、弾性変形性の異なる弾性部材を使用することができるという利点が得られる。かかる弾性受座は一般的には、ゴム,プラスチックなどの素材からなる弾性体により構成することができる。
【0019】
上記揺れ止め部材は、主には、受皿に載置された農産物の水平方向の揺れを防ぐためのものであるが、形状により、載置農産物の上下方向の移動を緩衝するようにも作用するように設けることができる。すなわち、これを平面円環状に形成した場合には、載置農産物の水平方向の揺れ止めを主たる機能(作用)として発揮させるようにすることができるが、該揺れ止め部材を自然状態で倒立円錐台形状の法面を形成するように設けたり、あるいは受皿に対して農産物を上方から押し込み担持させるようにした際に同倒立円錐台形状に農産物に係合させるようにすることができ、このように設けることにより載置農産物が上方に移動する動きを揺れ止め部材の内周端が農産物から係合離脱しようとする際の変形で抑止できるようにすることが可能となる。なお、このような作用を発揮しかつ構造的に部品数が少なく簡易な構造とできるようにするためには、受皿本体の筒状上部に外周端が取り付けられ、内向きに内周端がこの外周端から水平方向に延出されるようにした形状、あるいは、自然状態で内向き斜め下方に傾斜して倒立円錐台形状法面を形成した形状に設けられたものを好ましく採用することができる。かかる構成の揺れ止め部材は、形状が簡単でありながら、単一の部材であり、従前のひれ状片を用いたものに比べて部品数が少なく、組み立て性が極めて優れている。
【0020】
かかる揺れ止め部材は、受座とは別個独立しているため、その素材・組成を受座とは無関係に設定することができ、かつ構造的には受座と切り離されているため、この点からも高い自由度で設計することが可能となる。かかる揺れ止め部材は一般的には、ゴム,プラスチックなどの素材からなる弾性体により構成することができる。
【0021】
上記発明(2)は、農産物揺れ止め部材に、その上下方向の撓み性を増大するための切欠きを円周方向に複数設けたという特徴を有するものである。
【0022】
すなわち、円環状の揺れ止め部材の内周縁側が構造的に上下方向に撓みやすいか否かという性質は必ずしも同部材の組成のみならず、構造的にも影響される。そこで、この揺れ止め部材の内周縁側の撓み性を、従前の提案と同様の切欠きにより与えるようにしたものである。切欠きは、上記発明(3)のようにスリット、凹部形成など適宜のものを採用することができ特に限定されるものではない。また更に、この切欠きは、農産物の着座終期に農産物との弾着係合により通気性を防止する形状とすることができ、このように設けることにより、受皿本体、受座及び揺れ止め部材で囲まれた空間を封止して大気から区画できるようにすれば、農産物に働く下向きの吸引力により、載置農産物の着座時の上方向の動きをより一層抑制できて、載置農産物の安定した担持が実現できる利点が得られる。
【0023】
上記発明(4)は、上記発明(3)とは反対に、受皿本体、受座及び揺れ止め部材で囲まれた空間を農産物の着座終期においても常時大気と通気させ、このことにより同空間を万が一にも大気より高圧にしないようにしたものである。
【0024】
上記発明(5)は、受皿本体、受座及び揺れ止め部材で囲まれた空間の圧力を、大気圧よりも高くない状態に維持することができるように、同空間を単に大気と通気させることに変えて、逆止等を用いて一方向性の通気性を与えたものであり、これにより上記発明(3)と同様農産物の上方向の動きを抑制する効果を得るようにしたものである。
【0025】
上記発明(6)は、弾性受座に上下方向に伸縮可能な筒状部を設けことを特徴とするものであり、かかる構成を採用することにより、載置農産物の重量を支える(担持する)比較的弾性の強い部分を設けることができる。なお、この筒状部は、外側又は内側に変形する筒状弾性体、あるいは上記発明(7)にいう上下変形可能な蛇腹構造のいずれであってもよい。
【0026】
【発明の実施の形態】
実施形態1
以下、農産物の選別装置に用いる本例のフリートレイ式の受皿の形態について、図1、図2に基づいて説明する。
【0027】
図1は受皿の平面図、図2は図1の縦断面図である。
【0028】
図1、図2において、1は受皿であり、平面円形の受皿本体2、弾性受座3、上部支持部材4から構成されている。受皿本体2は硬質樹脂の成形品であり、中央部に上下貫通孔を有する環状の底板2−1と筒状壁2−2からなり、筒状壁2−2の上端縁2−4は揺れ止め部材である上部支持部材4との嵌合部を形成し、底板2−1の内周縁2−5は弾性受座3との嵌合部を形成している。
【0029】
また、底板2−1の下面の凹部2−3には不図示の仕分排出装置の電磁吸着部が磁気吸着する環状鉄板2−6が接着、固定されている。
【0030】
弾性受座3は軟質の樹脂の成形品であり、有孔円板状の基板部3−1とその上部の筒状弾性体3−2とさらにその上部の受座部3−3からなり、基板部3−1の外周には上記受皿本体2の内周縁2−5と嵌合される凹溝3−7が設けられている。
【0031】
筒状弾性体3−2は自然状態で円筒型をなし、弾性受座3に上下方向の荷重が加えられたときに内側への湾曲変形を容易にしている。
【0032】
受座部3−3は底面が有孔の倒立円錐台形状の皿状をなし、傾斜した法面は下部が厚肉で、上部に行くにつれて薄肉に形成され、その内表面は農産物Sを載置したとき農産物Sの形状に沿って凹状に変形して農産物Sを支持する支持面3−4を形成する。またこの変形を容易とするために支持面3−4の上端は自由端になっている。
【0033】
受座部3−3の傾斜した側壁の下部をなす基端部3−6は、上下貫通孔3−5の周縁部である。
【0034】
上部支持部材4は弾性受座3と同様(材質は同じでなくともよい)に軟質の樹脂の成形品であり、受皿本体2の筒状壁上端と凹凸嵌合する凹部4−5を有する環状壁4−1と、この環状壁4−1の上端から中心側に向かって凸状をなす支持板部4−2とで構成される。本例のこの上部支持部材4は、例えば、外周の環状壁部分が厚肉であり、内周側に行くにつれて薄肉に形成され、支持板部4−2の上表面は農産物Sの側面を支持するための支持面4−3をなし、農産物Sを載置したときに農産物Sが支持面3−4から転がり落下するのを防止する機能を有している。
【0035】
また、本例では、上部支持部材4の内周縁の4箇所に切欠き部4−4が設けられ(図1参照)、農産物Sを載置したとき、支持板部4−2の内周縁部の周方向および半径方向の変形を容易にし、さらに、支持面4−3と農産物Sとの密着化を図り、後述する空気室1−1から大気に通ずる通気孔の機能を有している。
【0036】
上記の空気室1−1というのは受皿本体2、弾性受座3、上部支持部材4の三部品によって形成されるドーナツ状の隔壁室をいい、農産物Sを受皿1上に載置する前は、受座部3−3の上縁と支持板部4−2の内周縁との間の隙間1−2および支持板部4−2の内周縁の切欠き部4−4を介して大気と通じている。
【0037】
農産物Sを受皿1上に載置した後は、隙間1−2が農産物Sの側面で遮蔽される。
【0038】
図3は本発明の実施形態1に係る受皿1に農産物Sを載置したときの断面図であり、2点鎖線は受皿1に農産物Sを載置する前の受座部3−3と支持板部4−2の一部の形状(左側のみ図示)を示している。
【0039】
この図3において、農産物Sを受皿1に載置すると、まず農産物Sの下部側面が支持板部4−2の支持面4−3の内周縁に当接して、支持板部4−2が農産物Sの表面形状に沿うように変形し、同じく農産物Sの下部側面が受座部3−3の支持面3−4の上縁部に当接して、受座部3−3が農産物Sの表面形状に沿うように変形を始める。
【0040】
続いて、受座部3−3に加わる農産物Sの荷重が大きくなると、筒状弾性体3−2が貫通孔3−5の内側方向に凸状に変形し農産物Sは受皿1の内部に沈み込み所定の沈み量に達する。図3において、沈み量Hが大きければ、農産物Sの転がり落下はより有効に防止されるが、透過光を農産物の側面から照射させる透過光計測を行う上で障害となるので、選果目的の農産物に応じて、筒状弾性体3−2の肉厚や材質を選定し、載置された農産物Sの沈み量を調節することが好ましい。例えば、ある特定の農産物Sについて、大粒の重い農産物Sの場合は沈み量Hが大きくなって、直径Dが大きくてもH/Dは約30%となるようにし、また小粒の軽い農産物Sの場合は沈み量Hは小さいが、直径Dも小さいのでH/Dは同様に約30%確保することが可能となる。
【0041】
また、空気室1−1は切欠き部4−4を介して大気と通じているので、農産物Sを受皿1に載置する場合、農産物Sの大粒、小粒に関係なく空気室1−1の圧力は略大気圧に維持され、農産物Sの沈み量Hが抑制されることなく、農産物Sの重量に見合った沈み量Hが得られる。そして、農産物Sの載置処理の終期には、上記切欠き部4−4が農産物Sとの係合で封止されるようにすれば、農産物Sが上方へ動くときには空気室1−1の容積が増大して負圧となるため農産物Sに下向きの吸引力が働き農産物Sの上方向の動きを抑制することができる。
【0042】
また、コンベア上の振動や、フリートレイ式受皿の受ける衝撃により、農産物Sが上下および水平方向に振動すると空気室1−1の容積が変動して、空気室1−1と大気との間で空気が流入、流出するが切欠き部4−4のオリフィス効果によって、農産物Sの上下動等が抑制され、農産物Sの受皿1からの転がり落下がより有効に防止される。
【0043】
このオリフィス効果は、大粒の重い農産物Sの場合は沈み量が大きく、切欠き部4−4の通気孔の面積が小さくなるためダンピング力が大きくなり、小粒で軽い農産物Sの場合は沈み量が小さくて、切欠き部4−4の通気孔の面積が大きくダンピング力が小さくなり、農産物Sの重量に見合ったダンピング力が得られるという利点も得られる。
【0044】
さらに、載置農産物Sの側面には上部支持部材4の内周縁部の緊迫力によるマサツ力が働き、農産物Sが上方に動き始めると、支持板部4−2の変形拘束力によってその動きが抑制される。
【0045】
すなわち、本例の上部支持部材4の形状は下方に向かって凸面をなしているので、農産物Sが上方へ動こうとすると、農産物Sと上部支持部材4とのマサツ力によって局部的な盛上り変形を示すことになり、緊迫力の増加とあいまってマサツ力も増加して上方向の動きがより一層規制され、この点でも農産物Sの転がり落下を防止する効果を有する。また大粒の農産物の場合には直径が大きいため、静止時の緊迫力も、局部的な盛上り変形も、さらに、それに伴う緊迫力も大きくなり、上向きの動きを規制する力が大きくなるので、転がり落下に対して条件の悪い大粒の農産物に特に有利に働くという効果を有する。
【0046】
なお、農産物Sの形状によって、あるいは載置時に農産物Sを上方から受皿1に強く押込むことにより、切欠き部4−4が形成する通気孔が完全に塞がれた場合には、農産物Sの側面部と上部支持部材4との間および農産物Sの下面部と受座部3−3の支持面3−4との間の気密性が保持されている限り、農産物Sが上方へ動き始めると、空気室1−1は負圧になり、農産物Sに吸引力が下向きに働き、農産物Sの転がり落下を防止する効果を発揮する。また農産物Sの側面部と上部支持部材4の支持面4−3との間、および農産物Sの下面部と受座部3−3の支持面3−4との間に隙間が生じても、この隙間による通路抵抗によって、ダンピング力が発生するので、農産物Sの転がり落下防止の効果を生ずる。
【0047】
なお、安定したダンピング力を得るために上部支持部材4の支持面4−3、および受座部3−3の支持面3−4には農産物Sとの間で気密性を保持するための環状のシール(突起あるいはシール部材)を設けるのが好ましい。
【0048】
また、農産物Sと上部支持部材4との間のマサツ力を高めるために上部支持部材4の材質をマサツ係数の高いゴム製とすることも有効である。
【0049】
本例によれば、載置する農産物Sの重量を支持する弾性受座3に、自由端を有する倒立円錐台形状の受座部3−3を設けることで、農産物Sの揺れ動きを防止し、更にこれに加えて、上部支持部材4でこの揺れ動きをより一層防止できるようにしてあり、しかもこれらの部材の素材、及び構造を独立に設計できるので、安価な構成が採用できるという優れた利点が得られる。なお上部支持部材4は、フラットな円環状の構造あるいは、円周外側から中心に向かって下り傾斜した倒立円錐台形状の構造のものが、単品で機能を十分に発揮できるので好ましく採用でき、また内径寸法は、弾性受座3の受座部3−3の外径と同等ないしそれよりも大きいあるいは小さい径とすることがよい。
【0050】
実施形態2
図4(a)は実施形態2に係る受皿の断面図,図4(b)は図4(a)の逆止弁16の側面図であり、上記実施形態1を説明した図2に相当するものである。
【0051】
本例は、実施形態1の受皿本体に逆止弁を付加したものであって、その他の部分は実施形態1と同一であるので、同一の部分については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
【0052】
本例における受皿本体12は、その筒状壁12−2の下部の一部に、逆止弁16を装着するための水平方向の円筒状凹部12−7が設けられ、この凹部の奥壁には通気孔12−8が設けられ、奥壁の手前側周囲には弁座12−9が設けられている。
【0053】
円筒状の凹部12−7に装着される逆止弁16は、円板状弁板16−2を円筒状の本体部16−1の内部の一端に薄肉のヒンジ16−3を介して接続したものである。
【0054】
かかる構成を採用することにより、受皿本体12、弾性受座3、上部支持部材4の3部品によって形成されるドーナツ状の空気室11−1は、農産物Sを受皿11上に載置する前は、受座部3−3の上縁と支持板部4−2の内周縁との間の隙間1−2を介して大気と通じ、農産物Sを受皿11上に載置した後は、隙間1−2が農産物Sの側面で遮蔽されるが支持板部4−2の内周縁の切欠き部4−4を介して大気と通じるほかに、逆止弁16を介して大気と通ずるようにすることができる。なお、逆止弁に代えて、絞り弁を用いたり、空気室11−1の負圧発生は得られないが、逆止弁16に代えて単に通気孔とすることもできる。
【0055】
本例によれば、農産物Sを受皿11に載置すると、まず農産物Sの下部側面が、支持板部4−2の支持面4−3の内周縁部に当接して、該支持板部4−2は農産物Sの表面形状に沿うように変形し、同じく農産物Sの下部側面が受座部3−3の支持面3−4の上縁部に当接して、受座部3−3が農産物Sの表面形状に沿うように変形を始める。
【0056】
続いて、受座部3−3に加わる農産物Sの荷重が大きくなると、筒状弾性体3−2が貫通孔3−5の内側方向に凸状に変形し農産物Sは受皿11の内部に沈み込み所定の沈み量Hに達する。
【0057】
農産物Sを受皿11に載置した初期の段階では、空気室11−1は大気圧と同じであるが、受座部3−3と支持板部4−2の変形が進行すると、支持板部4−2の支持面4−3と農産物Sの側面部とが当接しているが、この状態では空気室11−1は、切欠き部4−4を介して大気に通じると同時に、逆止弁16を介して大気に通じているため、空気室11−1の空気は切欠き部4−4のほか、逆止弁16の弁板16−2が開いて、空気室11−1の空気が通気孔12−8を通って大気側に放出される。
【0058】
このため、農産物Sを受皿11に載置する場合、農産物Sの大粒、小粒に関係なく空気室11−1の圧力上昇は第1の実施の形態の場合に比較して小さく、農産物Sの沈み込みが抑制されることなく、農産物の重量に見合った沈み量Hがより短時間のうちに得られる。
【0059】
この効果は大粒の農産物Sを受皿11に載置する場合や農産物Sを受皿11に押込む場合に顕著である。
【0060】
また、逆止弁の場合は特定の農産物Sに最適の通気孔の面積を容易に確保できるので切欠き部4−4の通気孔の大きさは農産物の大きさ、形状によって不安定となることがないという効果がある。
【0061】
また、受皿本体12に逆止弁を設けたことにより、切欠き部の形状を支持板部の内周縁部の応力を低減できる程度の通気孔の面積の小さなものとし、受皿11に載置した農産物Sが受皿11内に沈み込むときの空気室11−1内の空気を主として逆止弁6から大気側に放出し、農産物が上方に動いて空気室が負圧になるときは、切欠き部4−4の小さな通気孔からの空気取込みしかないようにすれば、農産物Sを受皿11に載置した時の沈み込みは短時間内に行われ、かつ、コンベア上の受皿11に農産物Sを載置した直後の農産物の転がり落下を防止でき、農産物Sが上方に動く時の切欠き部4−4の高いオリフィス効果が得られ、全体としても適度の減衰力を得るようにすることができる。
【0062】
また、切欠き部4−4を薄肉部に代えて、上記逆止弁を絞り弁とすることにより、オリフィス効果による安定したダンピングを持たせることもできて、受皿から転がり落下し易い大粒の農産物Sに対して有効なダンピング力を容易に選定することもできる。
【0063】
また、本第2の実施の形態においても、第1の実施の形態と同様に、支持板部4−2の支持面4−3および受座部3−3の支持面3−4には農産物Sとの間で気密性を保持するための環状のシール用突起を設けることにより、逆止弁による安定したダンピング力を得ることができる。
【0064】
実施形態3
図5は、実施形態3の受皿を示した断面図であり、実施形態1の図2に相当するものである。
【0065】
本例の受皿21は、実施形態1の弾性受座3の筒状弾性体3−2を、蛇腹部23−2に代えたものであって、その他の部分は実施形態1と同一であるので、同一の部分については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
【0066】
図5において、弾性受座23は、軟質の樹脂またはゴムの成形品であり、有孔円板状の基板部23−1と、その上部の蛇腹部23−2と、さらにその上部の受座部3−3からなり、基板部23−1の外周には受皿本体2の内周縁2−5と嵌合される凹溝3−7が設けられている。
【0067】
本例の蛇腹部23−2は、垂直方向に2.5個の山と谷で構成された薄肉の円筒状をなし、弾性受座23に上下方向の荷重が加えられたときの変形を極めて容易にしている。
【0068】
また、本例の実施形態3は、弾性受座23の上下方向の変形が極めて容易なので、比較的軽量の農産物(たとえば小粒の林檎)でも沈み量を大きくして農産物Sの沈み量を大きく取ることができ、弾性部の応力は所定値に容易に収めるめことができるという効果が得られる。
【0069】
なお、本例の構成に、上記実施形態2に係る逆止弁を付加することも、切欠き部4−4を薄肉部に代え、さらに通気孔、逆止弁または絞り弁を追加することは適宜行うことができる。
【0070】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、走行チェーン等に連結されて走行する拘束式の受皿の場合は勿論のこと、搬送途中の撮像ステージで他の受皿とは無関係に一時的に停止できるフリートレイ式の受皿を高速搬送した場合にも受皿の載置した農産物の転がり落下の防止や、搬送中における透過光計測に要求される揺れ動きの制止が可能で、またコンベアに受皿の向き揃え装置を設けることを必要とせず、透過光を上下方向に導光させる方式の透過光計測をも可能とする受皿を提供することができる。さらに、農産物の側面には支持板部の内周縁部の緊迫力によるマサツ力が働き、農産物が上方に動こうとすると、支持板部の変形拘束力によってその動きを抑制できるという効果が得られる。また以上の他に、下記の効果が得られる。
【0071】
(イ)発明(6)によれば、筒状弾性体を設けて農産物の沈み量を大きくしているので、大粒の重い農産物の場合は沈み量が大きくなり、直径が大きくても、また小粒の軽い農産物S場合にも農産物の直径に対する沈み量の比率を所定値に確保して農産物の転がり落下を防止できる。
【0072】
(ロ)発明(2)、(4)によれば、空気室は切欠き部を介して常時大気と通じているので、空気室が加圧されて農産物の沈み込みが抑制されるということがなく、農産物を受皿に載置する場合、農産物の大粒、小粒に関係なく、農産物の重量に見合った沈み量が時間の遅れなく短時間内に得られ、特にコンベア上の受皿に農産物を載置した直後の農産物の転がり落下を防止することができる。
【0073】
(ハ)発明(3)、(5)によれば、コンベア上の振動や、フリートレイ式受皿の受ける衝撃などによって生ずる、農産物が上下および水平方向の振動に対して、切欠き部のオリフィス効果によって、農産物の振動が抑制され、農産物の転がり落下を防止できるという効果が得られる。しかもこのオリフィス効果は、大粒の重い農産物の場合は切欠き部の通気孔の面積が小さくなるためダンピング力が大きくなり、小粒で軽い農産物の場合は切欠き部の通気孔の面積が大きくダンピング力が小さくなり、農産物の重量に見合ったダンピング力が得られる。
【0074】
なお、農産物を上方から受皿に強く押込むことにより、切欠き部が形成する通気孔が完全に塞がれた場合には、農産物の側面部と支持板部との間および農産物の下面部と受座部の支持面との間の気密性が保持され、農産物が上方へ動き始めると、空気室は負圧の傾向となり、農産物に吸引力が下向きに働き、農産物の転がり落下を防止する効果が得られる。また農産物の側面部と支持板部の支持面との間および農産物の下面部と受座部の支持面との間に隙間が生じたときには、この隙間による通路抵抗によって、ダンピング力が発生するので、農産物の転がり落下防止の効果が得られる。
【0075】
また、発明(2)(4)の場合と同様に、空気室は切欠き部を介して大気と通じているので、空気室が加圧されて農産物の沈み込みが抑制されるということがなく、農産物を受皿に載置する場合、農産物の大粒、小粒に関係なく、農産物の重量に見合った沈み量が時間の遅れなく短時間内に得られ、特にコンベア上の受皿に農産物を載置した直後の農産物の転がり落下を防止できるという効果も得られる。
【0076】
(ニ)発明(6)、(7)によれば、弾性受座に筒状弾性体あるいは蛇腹部を設けたので、比較的軽量の農産物(たとえば、小粒の林檎)でも、弾性部の応力を所定値に収めながら沈み量を大きく取ることができ、農産物の転がり落下を防止できるという効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態1に係る受皿の平面図である。
【図2】図1の縦断面図である。
【図3】同実施形態1の受皿に農産物を載置したときの断面図である。
【図4】図4(a)は本発明の実施形態2に係る受皿の断面図、図4(b)は図4(a)の逆止弁16の側面図である。
【図5】本発明の実施形態3に係る受皿の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1、11、21・・・受皿
1−1、11−1、21−1・・・空気室
1−2・・・隙間
2、12・・・受皿本体
2−1・・・底板
2−2、12−2・・・筒状壁
2−3・・・凹部
2−4・・・上端縁
2−5・・・内周縁
2−6・・・環状鉄板
12−7・・・凹部
12−8・・・通気孔
12−9・・・弁座
3、23・・・弾性受座
3−1、23−1・・・基板部
3−2・・・筒状弾性体 23−2・・・蛇腹部
3−3・・・受座部
3−4・・・支持面
3−5、23−5・・・貫通孔
3−6・・・基端部
3−7・・・凹溝
4・・・上部支持部材
4−1・・・環状壁
4−2・・・支持板部
4−3・・・支持面
4−4・・・切欠き部
4−5・・・凹部
16・・・逆止弁
16−1・・・本体部
16−2・・・弁板
16−3・・・ヒンジ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tray used for sorting and sorting agricultural products such as peaches, pears, apples, citrus fruits and melons in a sorting device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, many types of trays have been proposed for trays used in sorting devices for sorting agricultural products in accordance with various purposes.
[0003]
The saucer used in this agricultural product sorting device is independent of other saucers for measurement of the imaging stage etc. in the middle of transportation, compared to the restraint type (bucket type) restrained by the conveyor that has been widely used in the past. Recently, free tray type trays that can be temporarily stopped or discharged to the branching conveyor for sorting, can be handled with less damage to agricultural products until the boxing stage, have been frequently used recently. .
[0004]
By the way, in general, in order to improve the processing capacity of the sorting apparatus, it is required to transport the tray at a high speed. However, the free tray is often subjected to an impact as compared to a restraint-type tray that is relatively stable in traveling. In the tray of the type, since the agricultural products to be placed and transported are easy to roll and fall, there is a demand for a reliable measure for stably holding them.
[0005]
For example, in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-37746, a free tray having a plurality of small fin-like flexible / elastic protrusions equally provided in the circumferential direction from the upper part to the lower part of the inner surface of the concave side wall of the circular dish. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-101749 proposes a support piece member having an elastic seat located at the bottom of the agricultural product and an elastic fin-like piece that supports the side of the agricultural product, and for measuring transmitted light In order to prevent the light irradiated from the horizontal direction of the light from being blocked, the elastic fin-like pieces are unevenly distributed so as to be out of the horizontal light path of the irradiated light, enabling free fall of agricultural products and measurement of transmitted light A tray-type saucer has been proposed.
[0006]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-139140 also proposes a free tray-type tray that holds the agricultural product by suction and adsorption by reducing the pressure of the tray with a vacuum pump.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the saucer shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-37746 is provided with fin-like flexible and elastic protrusions, it is possible to reduce the problem of the shaking and rolling of the produce on the saucer, The prevention of rolling and falling due to impact when a high-tray tray was conveyed at high speed and the suppression of shaking movement required for transmitted light measurement were insufficient.
[0008]
Further, the tray shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-101749 is provided with elastic fin-like pieces unevenly distributed in the conveying direction of the conveyor so that the irradiation light for transmitted light measurement is not blocked. In addition, it is not sufficient to restrain the swinging motion in the direction orthogonal to the transport direction, and it is necessary to provide an orientation aligning device on the conveyor in order to align the tray direction in a direction in which the irradiated light is not blocked during transmitted light measurement.
[0009]
In addition, the saucer disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-139140 is for holding the agricultural product in the saucer by suction under a negative pressure in order to prevent shaking and rolling and dropping, but a vacuum pump, pipe, sealing valve, etc. Therefore, there is a problem that the structure is complicated and the cost of the parts is high.
[0010]
In addition, when the worker places the produce on the saucer, it is necessary to connect an exhaust nozzle provided on the saucer side to the connection port on the vacuum pump side, and this work is performed each time the produce is placed on the saucer. There is also a problem that it takes time and effort.
[0011]
This invention is made | formed in view of the said problem, and it aims at providing the saucer which can prevent the rolling fall of an agricultural product at the time of conveying a free tray type saucer at high speed.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is achieved by the following inventions (1) to (7).
(1) A tray for sorting agricultural products, which forms a rigid tray body having a cylindrical wall that rises upward from the outer periphery of a flat bottom plate, and an inverted frustoconical sloped wall surface body. A thin elastic body in which the inner peripheral surface of the wall body forms an agricultural product sitting wall surface, and the wall body is assembled and supported on the inner tray side on the tray body, and the outer peripheral edge forms a free end. The outer peripheral side is assembled and supported on the cylindrical wall of the tray main body and the inner peripheral edge is a free end, and is arranged close to and away from the free end of the outer peripheral edge of the elastic receiver. An agricultural product anti-sway member at the top of the tray made of a thin elastic body, and the inner peripheral edge of the agricultural product anti-sway member is provided with an inner diameter dimension that elastically engages with the outer periphery of the agricultural product seated on the elastic receiver A tray for sorting agricultural products.
(2) In the above invention (1), the agricultural product anti-sway member at the upper part of the tray made of the elastic body is provided with a plurality of notches for increasing the vertical flexibility of the member in the circumferential direction. Features.
(3) In the above invention (2), the notch of the agricultural product rocking prevention member is provided in a shape that prevents air permeability by elastic engagement with the agricultural product at the final stage of the agricultural product seating. .
(4) In the above invention (1) or (2), the space inside the saucer surrounded by the saucer main body, the elastic seat and the agricultural product anti-sway member is constantly ventilated to the atmosphere.
(5) In any one of the above inventions (1) to (3), the pressurized air inside the saucer surrounded by the saucer body, the elastic seat and the produce rocking member is allowed to be exhausted to the atmosphere, but in the opposite direction Ventilation is characterized by providing unidirectional ventilation means for sealing.
(6) In any one of the above inventions (1) to (5), the elastic seat is a cylindrical elastic body that can be elastically deformed in the vertical direction on the inner peripheral side portion that is assembled and supported by the tray body. It is characterized by having.
(7) In the invention (6), the cylindrical elastic body capable of elastic deformation of the elastic seat has a bellows structure.
[0013]
The present invention effectively prevents rolling and dropping of agricultural products when a free tray type tray (hereinafter referred to as “free tray”) that is not constrained by a transport conveyor to which the present invention is typically applied and prevents a large number of free trays. According to the results of the inventor's examination that has been advanced from the viewpoint that it is required to provide a structure that is simple and inexpensive because of the use of Because the functions of the support structure part that has the function of preventing the swaying movement of the agricultural product and the anti-swaying structure part that prevents the swaying of the mounted agricultural product are different, the structure suitable for each is the same. Also, the installation position is not the same. Furthermore, it has been found that it is rather unsuitable to be structurally integral with each other.
[0014]
Thus, while analyzing the functions of each structural part, it has been studied that the functions can be exhibited with the simplest possible structure, and the present invention has been made.
[0015]
That is, in the above invention (1), an inverted cone as a supporting structure portion that can receive the weight of the mounted agricultural product and also exert a function to prevent shaking, with respect to the rigid tray body that forms the structural skeleton of the free tray. An elastic seat is provided as a wall body to provide a trapezoidal slope, and secondly, as a rocking structure part for further enhancing the rocking prevention of the mounted agricultural products, the inner edge is elastically placed around the agricultural products. The structure that the anti-swaying member to wear was provided was adopted.
[0016]
The tray body of the free tray is generally provided in a flat circular shape, and has, for example, a cylindrical wall that rises upward from the outer peripheral edge of an annular circular flat plate that forms the bottom surface, and a flat plate that forms the bottom surface. What provided the site | part which attaches an elastic seat to the center part of is preferably used.
[0017]
In addition, in the case of the saucer main body which provided the through-hole for the transmitted light derivation | leading-out of agricultural products in the approximate center of the flat plate which makes a bottom face, the said elastic receptacle can be assembled | attached and comprised to the inner periphery of the through-hole.
[0018]
Next, in order to receive the weight of the mounted agricultural product, the above-mentioned elastic seat, which is a portion having a certain degree of strength against the elastic deformation in the vertical direction, mainly prevents shaking of the mounted agricultural product by adjusting the wall thickness. Provided independently for the functioning highly flexible anti-sway member on the outer peripheral side, and configured to be separated from the outer peripheral side of the elastic seat and the inner peripheral end side of the anti-sway member as free ends. Is important. This is because by making these free ends, the degree of freedom to structurally obtain the bending deformability of the portion increases. Also, by separating this elastic seat from the anti-sway member and providing it separately and independently, it is possible not only to adopt a structure that is structurally free from mechanical influences, but also to use elastic members with different elastic deformation properties. The advantage of being able to do is obtained. Such an elastic seat can be generally constituted by an elastic body made of a material such as rubber or plastic.
[0019]
The anti-sway member is mainly for preventing horizontal shaking of the agricultural product placed on the saucer, but also acts to buffer the vertical movement of the agricultural product placed depending on the shape. Can be provided. That is, when this is formed in a plane annular shape, it is possible to exert horizontal shaking of the mounted agricultural product as a main function (action). It can be provided so as to form a trapezoidal slope, or it can be engaged with the produce in the inverted truncated cone shape when the produce is pushed and supported from above on the receiving tray. It is possible to prevent the movement of the mounted agricultural product from being moved upward by the deformation when the inner peripheral end of the rocking member tries to disengage from the agricultural product. In order to achieve such a function and to have a simple structure with a small number of components, an outer peripheral end is attached to the cylindrical upper portion of the saucer body, and the inner peripheral end is inwardly facing this. A shape provided in a shape extending in the horizontal direction from the outer peripheral end, or a shape provided with an inverted frustoconical slope formed by inclining obliquely inwardly in a natural state can be preferably employed. The anti-sway member having such a configuration is a simple member with a simple shape, and has a smaller number of parts than those using a conventional fin-like piece, and is extremely excellent in assemblability.
[0020]
Since this anti-sway member is independent from the seat, its material and composition can be set independently of the seat and it is structurally separated from the seat. Therefore, it is possible to design with a high degree of freedom. Such an anti-sway member can be generally constituted by an elastic body made of a material such as rubber or plastic.
[0021]
The invention (2) is characterized in that a plurality of notches for increasing the vertical flexibility of the agricultural product swing prevention member are provided in the circumferential direction.
[0022]
That is, the property of whether or not the inner peripheral edge of the annular anti-sway member is structurally easily bent in the vertical direction is not necessarily affected by not only the composition of the member but also the structure. Therefore, the bendability of the inner periphery side of the anti-sway member is given by the same notch as in the previous proposal. The cutout is not particularly limited, and any appropriate cutout, recess formation, etc. can be adopted as in the above invention (3). Furthermore, this notch can be shaped to prevent breathability by elastic engagement with the produce at the end of the seating of the produce, and by providing in this way, the tray body, the seat and the anti-sway member If the enclosed space is sealed so that it can be partitioned from the atmosphere, the downward suction force acting on the agricultural products can further suppress the upward movement when the mounted agricultural products are seated, thereby stabilizing the mounted agricultural products. The advantage that can be realized is obtained.
[0023]
In the invention (4), contrary to the invention (3), the space surrounded by the saucer main body, the seat and the anti-sway member is always ventilated with the atmosphere even at the final stage of the seating of the agricultural products. In the unlikely event that the pressure is higher than the atmosphere.
[0024]
In the invention (5), the space is simply vented to the atmosphere so that the pressure in the space surrounded by the tray body, the seat and the anti-sway member can be maintained at a level not higher than atmospheric pressure. Instead of giving a one-way air permeability by using a non-return, etc., this is to obtain the effect of suppressing the upward movement of agricultural products as in the above invention (3). .
[0025]
The invention (6) is characterized in that the elastic seat is provided with a cylindrical portion that can be expanded and contracted in the vertical direction, and by adopting such a configuration, the weight of the mounted agricultural product is supported (supported). A relatively strong portion can be provided. In addition, this cylindrical part may be either a cylindrical elastic body that deforms outward or inward, or a bellows structure that can be vertically deformed as described in the above invention (7).
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1
Hereinafter, the form of the free tray type saucer of this example used for the agricultural product sorting apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0027]
1 is a plan view of the tray, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG.
[0028]
In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a tray, which includes a planar circular tray body 2, an elastic seat 3, and an upper support member 4. The saucer main body 2 is a molded product of a hard resin, and is composed of an annular bottom plate 2-1 having a vertical through hole in the center and a cylindrical wall 2-2. The upper edge 2-4 of the cylindrical wall 2-2 is shaken. A fitting portion with the upper support member 4 which is a stop member is formed, and an inner peripheral edge 2-5 of the bottom plate 2-1 forms a fitting portion with the elastic seat 3.
[0029]
Further, an annular iron plate 2-6 that is magnetically attracted by an electromagnetic attracting portion (not shown) of the sorting / discharging device (not shown) is bonded and fixed to the concave portion 2-3 on the lower surface of the bottom plate 2-1.
[0030]
The elastic seat 3 is a molded product of a soft resin, and includes a perforated disk-shaped substrate portion 3-1, an upper cylindrical elastic body 3-2, and a further upper seat portion 3-3. On the outer periphery of the substrate portion 3-1, a concave groove 3-7 is provided to be fitted to the inner peripheral edge 2-5 of the tray body 2.
[0031]
The cylindrical elastic body 3-2 has a cylindrical shape in a natural state, and facilitates inward bending deformation when a vertical load is applied to the elastic seat 3.
[0032]
The receiving portion 3-3 is an inverted truncated cone-shaped dish having a perforated bottom surface, and the inclined slope is thick at the bottom and thin toward the top, and the inner surface carries the produce S. When placed, a support surface 3-4 for supporting the produce S is formed by deforming into a concave shape along the shape of the produce S. In order to facilitate this deformation, the upper end of the support surface 3-4 is a free end.
[0033]
A base end portion 3-6 forming a lower portion of the inclined side wall of the seat portion 3-3 is a peripheral portion of the upper and lower through holes 3-5.
[0034]
The upper support member 4 is a soft resin molded product similar to the elastic seat 3 (the material may not be the same), and has an annular shape having a recess 4-5 that fits with the upper end of the cylindrical wall of the tray body 2. The wall 4-1 and the support plate part 4-2 projecting from the upper end of the annular wall 4-1 toward the center side. In this example, the upper support member 4 is formed such that, for example, the outer peripheral annular wall portion is thicker and is formed thinner toward the inner peripheral side, and the upper surface of the support plate portion 4-2 supports the side surface of the produce S. It has a function of preventing the agricultural product S from rolling down from the supporting surface 3-4 when the agricultural product S is placed.
[0035]
Moreover, in this example, the notch part 4-4 is provided in four places of the inner periphery of the upper support member 4 (refer FIG. 1), and when the agricultural product S is mounted, the inner periphery part of the support plate part 4-2 The circumferential direction and the radial direction are easily deformed, and further, the support surface 4-3 and the agricultural product S are brought into close contact with each other, and has a function of a vent hole communicating from the air chamber 1-1 described later to the atmosphere.
[0036]
The air chamber 1-1 refers to a donut-shaped partition chamber formed by three parts of the tray body 2, the elastic seat 3, and the upper support member 4, and before placing the produce S on the tray 1 And the air through the gap 1-2 between the upper edge of the seat portion 3-3 and the inner peripheral edge of the support plate portion 4-2 and the notch 4-4 on the inner peripheral edge of the support plate portion 4-2. Communicates.
[0037]
After the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 1, the gap 1-2 is shielded by the side surface of the agricultural product S.
[0038]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view when the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the two-dot chain line indicates the receiving portion 3-3 and the support before the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 1. A part of the plate portion 4-2 is shown (only the left side is shown).
[0039]
In FIG. 3, when the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 1, first, the lower side surface of the agricultural product S comes into contact with the inner peripheral edge of the supporting surface 4-3 of the supporting plate portion 4-2, and the supporting plate portion 4-2 becomes the agricultural product. It deform | transforms so that it may follow the surface shape of S, and the lower side surface of the agricultural product S similarly contact | abuts to the upper edge part of the support surface 3-4 of the receiving part 3-3, and the receiving part 3-3 is the surface of the agricultural product S Deformation starts along the shape.
[0040]
Subsequently, when the load of the agricultural product S applied to the receiving portion 3-3 increases, the cylindrical elastic body 3-2 is deformed in a convex shape toward the inner side of the through hole 3-5, and the agricultural product S sinks inside the receiving tray 1. Reaching a predetermined sinking amount. In FIG. 3, if the sinking amount H is large, the rolling and falling of the produce S are more effectively prevented, but this is an obstacle to the measurement of the transmitted light that irradiates the transmitted light from the side of the produce. It is preferable to select the thickness and material of the cylindrical elastic body 3-2 according to the agricultural product and adjust the amount of sinking of the agricultural product S placed. For example, with respect to a specific agricultural product S, in the case of a large and heavy agricultural product S, the sinking amount H is large, so that H / D is about 30% even if the diameter D is large. In this case, the sinking amount H is small, but since the diameter D is also small, H / D can be secured about 30% in the same manner.
[0041]
Further, since the air chamber 1-1 communicates with the atmosphere through the notch 4-4, when the agricultural product S is placed on the receiving tray 1, the air chamber 1-1 has no relation to the large and small grains of the agricultural product S. The pressure is maintained at substantially atmospheric pressure, and the sinking amount H corresponding to the weight of the produce S is obtained without suppressing the sinking amount H of the produce S. Then, at the end of the placing process of the produce S, if the notch 4-4 is sealed by engagement with the produce S, the air chamber 1-1 is moved when the produce S moves upward. Since the volume increases and becomes negative pressure, the downward suction force acts on the agricultural product S, and the upward movement of the agricultural product S can be suppressed.
[0042]
Moreover, when the produce S vibrates vertically and horizontally due to vibration on the conveyor and impact received by the free tray type tray, the volume of the air chamber 1-1 fluctuates, and the air chamber 1-1 and the atmosphere Although the air flows in and out, the orifice effect of the notch 4-4 suppresses the vertical movement of the agricultural product S and prevents the agricultural product S from rolling and falling more effectively.
[0043]
This orifice effect has a large sinking amount in the case of a large and heavy agricultural product S, and the damping force is increased because the area of the vent hole in the notch 4-4 is reduced. In the case of a small and light agricultural product S, the sinking amount is large. It is small and the area of the ventilation hole of the notch 4-4 is large, and the damping force is reduced, so that the damping force corresponding to the weight of the produce S can be obtained.
[0044]
Furthermore, when the agricultural product S starts to move upward due to the force of the inner peripheral edge of the upper support member 4 acting on the side surface of the mounted agricultural product S, the movement is caused by the deformation restraining force of the support plate portion 4-2. It is suppressed.
[0045]
That is, since the shape of the upper support member 4 in this example is convex downward, when the agricultural product S tries to move upward, it is locally raised by the mass force between the agricultural product S and the upper support member 4. The deformation will be shown, and in combination with the increase in the tension force, the mass force will also increase and the upward movement will be further restricted, and in this respect as well, it will have the effect of preventing the agricultural product S from rolling and falling. In addition, since the diameter of large agricultural products is large, the tension at rest, local swell deformation, and the accompanying tension increases, and the force that regulates upward movement increases, so it rolls and falls. On the other hand, it has the effect of working particularly advantageously on large-sized agricultural products with poor conditions.
[0046]
If the vent hole formed by the notch 4-4 is completely blocked by the shape of the agricultural product S or by pressing the agricultural product S strongly into the receiving tray 1 from above when placed, the agricultural product S As long as the airtightness between the side surface portion and the upper support member 4 and between the lower surface portion of the agricultural product S and the support surface 3-4 of the receiving portion 3-3 is maintained, the agricultural product S starts to move upward. Then, the air chamber 1-1 becomes negative pressure, and the suction force acts downward on the agricultural product S, and the effect of preventing the agricultural product S from rolling and falling is exhibited. Moreover, even if a gap occurs between the side surface portion of the produce S and the support surface 4-3 of the upper support member 4 and between the bottom surface portion of the produce S and the support surface 3-4 of the seat portion 3-3, Since the damping force is generated by the passage resistance caused by the gap, the effect of preventing the agricultural product S from rolling and falling is produced.
[0047]
In order to obtain a stable damping force, the support surface 4-3 of the upper support member 4 and the support surface 3-4 of the receiving portion 3-3 have an annular shape for maintaining airtightness with the produce S. It is preferable to provide a seal (protrusion or seal member).
[0048]
In order to increase the mass force between the agricultural product S and the upper support member 4, it is also effective to make the material of the upper support member 4 from rubber having a high mass coefficient.
[0049]
According to this example, by providing the receiving portion 3-3 having an inverted truncated cone shape having a free end on the elastic receiving seat 3 that supports the weight of the agricultural product S to be placed, the shaking movement of the agricultural product S is prevented, In addition to this, the upper support member 4 can further prevent this swinging movement, and since the material and structure of these members can be designed independently, there is an excellent advantage that an inexpensive configuration can be adopted. can get. As the upper support member 4, a flat annular structure or an inverted truncated cone-shaped structure inclined downward from the outer circumference toward the center can be preferably used because it can sufficiently exhibit its function as a single item. The inner diameter dimension is preferably equal to or larger than or smaller than the outer diameter of the receiving portion 3-3 of the elastic receiving seat 3.
[0050]
Embodiment 2
4A is a cross-sectional view of a tray according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 4B is a side view of the check valve 16 of FIG. 4A, which corresponds to FIG. 2 describing the first embodiment. Is.
[0051]
In this example, a check valve is added to the saucer body of the first embodiment, and the other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. To do.
[0052]
The tray body 12 in this example is provided with a horizontal cylindrical recess 12-7 for mounting the check valve 16 in a part of the lower portion of the cylindrical wall 12-2. Is provided with a vent 12-8, and a valve seat 12-9 is provided around the front side of the back wall.
[0053]
The check valve 16 mounted in the cylindrical recess 12-7 has a disc-like valve plate 16-2 connected to one end inside the cylindrical main body 16-1 via a thin hinge 16-3. Is.
[0054]
By adopting such a configuration, the donut-shaped air chamber 11-1 formed by the three parts of the tray body 12, the elastic seat 3, and the upper support member 4 is before the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 11. After the agricultural product S is placed on the receiving tray 11 through the gap 1-2 between the upper edge of the receiving portion 3-3 and the inner peripheral edge of the support plate portion 4-2, the gap 1 -2 is shielded by the side surface of the produce S but communicates with the atmosphere via the check valve 16 in addition to communicating with the atmosphere via the notch 4-4 on the inner peripheral edge of the support plate 4-2. be able to. Although a throttle valve is not used in place of the check valve, or negative pressure is not generated in the air chamber 11-1, the check valve 16 can be simply used as a vent hole.
[0055]
According to this example, when the produce S is placed on the tray 11, the lower side surface of the produce S first comes into contact with the inner peripheral edge of the support surface 4-3 of the support plate portion 4-2, and the support plate portion 4. -2 is deformed so as to follow the surface shape of the produce S, and the lower side surface of the produce S is in contact with the upper edge of the support surface 3-4 of the seat portion 3-3. Deformation starts along the surface shape of the produce S.
[0056]
Subsequently, when the load of the agricultural product S applied to the receiving portion 3-3 is increased, the cylindrical elastic body 3-2 is deformed in a convex shape toward the inner side of the through hole 3-5, and the agricultural product S sinks inside the tray 11. And reaches a predetermined sinking amount H.
[0057]
In the initial stage where the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 11, the air chamber 11-1 is the same as the atmospheric pressure, but when the deformation of the seat portion 3-3 and the support plate portion 4-2 proceeds, the support plate portion Although the support surface 4-3 of 4-2 and the side part of the agricultural product S are in contact with each other, in this state, the air chamber 11-1 communicates with the atmosphere via the notch part 4-4, and at the same time the check Since the air is communicated with the atmosphere through the valve 16, the air in the air chamber 11-1 opens in addition to the notch 4-4 and the valve plate 16-2 of the check valve 16 opens. Is released to the atmosphere side through the vent 12-8.
[0058]
For this reason, when placing the agricultural product S on the tray 11, the pressure increase in the air chamber 11-1 is small compared to the case of the first embodiment regardless of whether the agricultural product S is large or small, and the agricultural product S sinks. The amount of sinking H commensurate with the weight of the agricultural product can be obtained in a shorter time without being suppressed.
[0059]
This effect is conspicuous when the large-sized agricultural product S is placed on the tray 11 or when the agricultural product S is pushed into the tray 11.
[0060]
In addition, in the case of a check valve, the area of the vent hole in the notch 4-4 can be unstable depending on the size and shape of the produce because the optimum vent area for the specific produce S can be easily secured. There is an effect that there is no.
[0061]
In addition, by providing a check valve in the saucer body 12, the shape of the notch portion is made small in the area of the air hole so as to reduce the stress at the inner peripheral edge of the support plate portion, and placed on the saucer 11. When the agricultural product S sinks into the tray 11, the air in the air chamber 11-1 is mainly discharged from the check valve 6 to the atmosphere side, and when the agricultural product moves upward and the air chamber becomes negative pressure, the notch If only air intake from the small ventilation hole of the section 4-4 is allowed, the sink when the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 11 is performed within a short time, and the agricultural product S is placed on the tray 11 on the conveyor. It is possible to prevent the agricultural product from rolling and falling immediately after placing the slab, to obtain a high orifice effect of the notch 4-4 when the agricultural product S moves upward, and to obtain an appropriate damping force as a whole. it can.
[0062]
Moreover, by replacing the notch portion 4-4 with a thin-walled portion and using the check valve as a throttle valve, it is possible to give stable damping due to the orifice effect, and it is easy to roll large grains from the saucer It is also possible to easily select an effective damping force for S.
[0063]
Also in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, agricultural products are provided on the support surface 4-3 of the support plate portion 4-2 and the support surface 3-4 of the seat portion 3-3. By providing an annular sealing protrusion for maintaining airtightness with S, a stable damping force by the check valve can be obtained.
[0064]
Embodiment 3
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the saucer of the third embodiment, and corresponds to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment.
[0065]
The tray 21 of this example is obtained by replacing the cylindrical elastic body 3-2 of the elastic seat 3 of the first embodiment with the bellows portion 23-2, and other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment. The same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0066]
In FIG. 5, the elastic seat 23 is a molded product of soft resin or rubber, and includes a perforated disk-shaped substrate portion 23-1, an upper bellows portion 23-2, and an upper seat. Concave portion 3-3 is provided, and a concave groove 3-7 fitted to the inner peripheral edge 2-5 of the saucer body 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the substrate portion 23-1.
[0067]
The bellows portion 23-2 of this example has a thin cylindrical shape composed of 2.5 peaks and valleys in the vertical direction, and is extremely deformed when a load in the vertical direction is applied to the elastic seat 23. Making it easy.
[0068]
Further, in the third embodiment of the present example, the elastic seat 23 can be easily deformed in the vertical direction. Therefore, the amount of sinking of the agricultural product S can be increased by increasing the amount of sinking even for relatively light agricultural products (for example, small apples). Thus, the effect that the stress of the elastic portion can be easily stored within a predetermined value can be obtained.
[0069]
In addition, adding the check valve according to the second embodiment to the configuration of this example also means that the notch portion 4-4 is replaced with a thin portion and a vent hole, a check valve or a throttle valve is added. It can be performed appropriately.
[0070]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, not only in the case of a restraint-type saucer that is connected to a travel chain or the like, it can be temporarily stopped at the imaging stage during the transfer regardless of other saucers. Even when a free tray-type tray is transported at high speed, it is possible to prevent rolling and dropping of agricultural products placed on the tray, and to control the shaking movement required for transmitted light measurement during transportation. Therefore, it is possible to provide a saucer that enables measurement of transmitted light in a system in which transmitted light is guided in the vertical direction. In addition, the side surface of the agricultural product is subjected to mass force due to the tightness of the inner peripheral edge of the support plate portion, and when the agricultural product moves upward, the deformation restraining force of the support plate portion can suppress the movement. . In addition to the above, the following effects can be obtained.
[0071]
(B) According to the invention (6), since the amount of sinking of agricultural products is increased by providing a cylindrical elastic body, the amount of sinking increases in the case of large and heavy agricultural products. Even in the case of a light agricultural product S, the ratio of the amount of sinking to the diameter of the agricultural product can be secured to a predetermined value to prevent the agricultural product from rolling and falling.
[0072]
(B) According to the inventions (2) and (4), since the air chamber is always communicated with the atmosphere via the notch, the air chamber is pressurized and subsidence of agricultural products is suppressed. If the agricultural product is placed on the tray, the amount of sinking commensurate with the weight of the agricultural product can be obtained within a short time without delay, regardless of whether the agricultural product is large or small. Especially, the agricultural product is placed on the tray on the conveyor. Agricultural products can be prevented from rolling and falling immediately after being done.
[0073]
(C) According to the inventions (3) and (5), the orifice effect of the notch portion against the vertical and horizontal vibrations caused by the vibration on the conveyor and the impact received by the free tray type tray. Thus, the vibration of the agricultural product is suppressed, and the effect that the rolling and falling of the agricultural product can be prevented can be obtained. Moreover, the orifice effect increases the damping force because the area of the vent hole in the notch is small for large and heavy agricultural products, and increases the area of the vent hole in the notch for small and light agricultural products. And the damping force commensurate with the weight of the agricultural product can be obtained.
[0074]
In addition, if the vent hole formed by the notch is completely blocked by strongly pushing the agricultural product into the saucer from above, it is between the side part of the agricultural product and the support plate part and the bottom part of the agricultural product. When the airtightness between the support surface of the seating part is maintained and the agricultural products begin to move upward, the air chamber tends to have a negative pressure, and the suction force acts downward on the agricultural products, preventing the agricultural products from rolling and falling. Is obtained. In addition, when a gap is generated between the side surface portion of the agricultural product and the support surface of the support plate portion and between the lower surface portion of the agricultural product and the support surface of the seat portion, a damping force is generated due to the passage resistance due to the clearance. The effect of preventing rolling and falling of agricultural products can be obtained.
[0075]
Further, as in the case of the inventions (2) and (4), since the air chamber communicates with the atmosphere through the notch, the air chamber is not pressurized and the subduction of agricultural products is not suppressed. When placing agricultural products on the saucer, the amount of sinking commensurate with the weight of the produce can be obtained within a short time without delay, regardless of whether the produce is large or small. Especially, the produce is placed on the tray on the conveyor. The effect of preventing rolling and falling of the agricultural product immediately after that is also obtained.
[0076]
(D) According to the inventions (6) and (7), since the cylindrical elastic body or the bellows part is provided in the elastic seat, the stress of the elastic part is exerted even on relatively light agricultural products (for example, small apples). The amount of sinking can be increased while keeping the predetermined value, and the effect of preventing the rolling and falling of agricultural products can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a saucer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view when an agricultural product is placed on the saucer of the first embodiment.
4 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a saucer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 4 (b) is a side view of the check valve 16 of FIG. 4 (a).
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a saucer according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 11, 21 ... saucer
1-1, 11-1, 21-1 ... air chamber
1-2 ... Gap
2, 12 ... saucer body
2-1 ... Bottom plate
2-2, 12-2 ... cylindrical wall
2-3 ... concave
2-4 ... Upper edge
2-5 ... Inner rim
2-6 ... Annular iron plate
12-7 ... concave
12-8 ... Vent
12-9 ... Valve seat
3, 23 ... Elastic seat
3-1, 23-1... Substrate part
3-2 ... cylindrical elastic body 23-2 ... bellows part
3-3 ... Seat
3-4 ... Support surface
3-5, 23-5... Through-hole
3-6 ... Base end
3-7 ... Groove
4 ... Upper support member
4-1 Ring wall
4-2 ... Support plate
4-3 ... Support surface
4-4 ... Notch
4-5 ... Recess
16: Check valve
16-1 ... Main unit
16-2 ... Valve plate
16-3 ... Hinge

Claims (7)

農産物選別用の受皿であって、平面底板の外周から上方に立ち上がった筒状壁を有する硬質の受皿本体と、
倒立円錐台形法面状の壁面体を形成すると共に、この法面状壁面体の内周面が農産物着座用壁面を形成し、更にこの壁面体は内周側で前記受皿本体に組付支持され、かつ外周縁が自由端をなすように設けられた薄肉の弾性体からなる弾性受座と、
前記受皿本体の筒状壁に外周側が組付支持されると共に内周縁が自由端とされて、前記弾性受座の外周縁の自由端に近接離間して配置された薄肉の弾性体からなる受皿上部の農産物揺れ止め部材と、
を備え、前記農産物揺れ止め部材の内周縁は、前記弾性受座に着座した農産物の外周に弾着係合する内径寸法に設けられていることを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。
A saucer for sorting agricultural products, a rigid saucer body having a cylindrical wall rising upward from the outer periphery of the flat bottom plate,
In addition to forming an inverted frustoconical sloped wall surface, the inner peripheral surface of the sloped wall surface forms an agricultural product sitting wall surface, and this wall surface body is assembled and supported on the tray body on the inner periphery side. And an elastic seat made of a thin elastic body provided so that the outer peripheral edge forms a free end;
A tray comprising a thin-walled elastic body, the outer peripheral side of which is assembled and supported on the cylindrical wall of the tray body, and the inner peripheral edge thereof is a free end, and is disposed close to and away from the free end of the outer peripheral edge of the elastic seat. An upper agricultural product anti-sway member,
The agricultural product swaying member has an inner peripheral edge provided with an inner diameter dimension that elastically engages with an outer periphery of the agricultural product seated on the elastic seat.
請求項1において、前記弾性体からなる受皿上部の農産物揺れ止め部材には、この部材の上下方向の撓み性を増大するための切欠きを円周方向に複数設けたことを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。2. The agricultural product sorting member according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of notches for increasing the vertical flexibility of the member are provided in the circumferential direction in the agricultural product anti-sway member on the upper part of the tray made of the elastic body. Saucer. 請求項2において、農産物揺れ止め部材の切欠きは、農産物の着座終期には、農産物との弾着係合により通気性を防止する形状に設けられていることを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。3. A tray for sorting agricultural products according to claim 2, wherein the notch of the agricultural product rocking prevention member is provided in a shape that prevents air permeability by elastic engagement with the agricultural product at the final stage of the agricultural product seating. . 請求項1又は2において、受皿本体、弾性受座及び農産物揺れ止め部材で囲まれた受皿内部の空間を常時大気に通気させるようにしたことを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。3. A tray for sorting agricultural products according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the space inside the tray surrounded by the tray body, the elastic seat and the agricultural product rocking member is constantly aerated. 請求項1ないし3のいずれかにおいて、受皿本体、弾性受座及び農産物揺れ止め部材で囲まれた受皿内部の加圧エアの大気への排気は許すが、反対方向の通気は封止する一方向通気手段を設けたことを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。4. One direction according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein exhaust of pressurized air inside the saucer surrounded by the saucer body, the elastic seat and the agricultural product anti-sway member to the atmosphere is allowed, but ventilation in the opposite direction is sealed. A receiving tray for sorting agricultural products, characterized by providing a ventilation means. 請求項1ないし5のいずれかにおいて、前記弾性受座は、受皿本体に組付支持されるその内周側部に、上下方向の弾性変形が可能な筒状弾性体を有することを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。6. The elastic seat according to claim 1, wherein the elastic seat has a cylindrical elastic body capable of elastic deformation in the vertical direction on an inner peripheral side portion thereof assembled and supported by the tray body. A tray for sorting agricultural products. 請求項6において、前記弾性受座の弾性変形が可能な筒状弾性体は、蛇腹構造をなすことを特徴とする農産物選別用の受皿。7. A tray for sorting agricultural products according to claim 6, wherein the cylindrical elastic body capable of elastic deformation of the elastic seat has a bellows structure.
JP2001257643A 2001-08-28 2001-08-28 A tray for sorting agricultural products Expired - Lifetime JP4397136B2 (en)

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JP5660414B2 (en) * 2014-01-20 2015-01-28 株式会社ダイフク Agricultural product tray
KR102074400B1 (en) * 2017-11-17 2020-02-14 한국식품연구원 Nondestructive quality measurement equipment using percussion sound
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JPH0737746Y2 (en) * 1990-06-29 1995-08-30 株式会社マキ製作所 Saucepan of vegetable and fruit sorter
JPH10139140A (en) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-26 Kubota Corp Sorting device, carrier device and tray
JP3573401B2 (en) * 1997-09-26 2004-10-06 株式会社マキ製作所 A saucer for sorting agricultural products and an agricultural product sorting device using the same
JP4043130B2 (en) * 1999-03-08 2008-02-06 株式会社マキ製作所 Saucepan for agricultural product sorting equipment
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