JP4377475B2 - Thin battery - Google Patents

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JP4377475B2
JP4377475B2 JP10660399A JP10660399A JP4377475B2 JP 4377475 B2 JP4377475 B2 JP 4377475B2 JP 10660399 A JP10660399 A JP 10660399A JP 10660399 A JP10660399 A JP 10660399A JP 4377475 B2 JP4377475 B2 JP 4377475B2
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current collector
negative electrode
positive electrode
positive
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JP2000299130A (en
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健児 島津
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、薄形電池に係り、さらに詳しくは複数個のユニットセルを積層形に内蔵し、高容量化を図った薄形電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
携帯形の電話機やテレビカメラなどの電源としては、小形、軽量、薄形化や大容量、高電圧化などが求められており、正極層、ポリマ−電解質層および負極層を重ね合わせたユニットセル(積層体)、もしくはこのようなユニットセル複数個の積層体を、シート状(薄形)に一体化した構成の電池要素部(電極ないし発電要素)を備えた厚さ 0.5mm程度のリチウム非水溶媒電池も知られている(たとえば米国特許第 5,296,318号明細書)。
【0003】
図3(a) は透視平面的に、また、図3(b) は(a) のA-A 線に沿って拡大して断面的に、従来の薄形電池の要部構成例を示したものである。図3(a) ,(b) において、1は電解液を担持するシート状セパレーター、2は前記シート状セパレーター1の一主面に積層・配置されたリチウム含有金属酸化物を活物質とし、かつ正極集電体を有するシート状正極、3は前記シート状セパレーター1の他主面に積層・配置されたリチウム金属もしくはリチウムを吸蔵・放出する炭素質材を活物質とし、かつ負極集電体を有するシート状負極である。
【0004】
ここで、シート状セパレーター1は、電解質保持性のポリマー、たとえばヘキサフロロプロピレン−フッ化ビニリデン共重合体などのポリマ−電解質系である。また、シート状の正極2は、リチウムを含む金属酸化物などの活物質、電解質保持性ポリマーおよび正極集電体で構成されており、さらに、シート状の負極は、たとえばリチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出する活物質、電解質保持性ポリマーをおよび負極集電体で構成されている。
【0005】
なお、シート状正極2は、正極集電体(たとえばルミニウムの箔、パンチドメタル、エキスバンドメタル)2aの突出・延設部2bに、アルミニウム箔片の一端を溶接・接続して正電極端子4が、また、シート状負極3は、負極集電体(たとえば銅の箔、パンチドメタル、エキスバンドメタル)3aの突出・延設部3bに、銅箔片の一端を溶接・接続して負電極端子5がそれぞれ配設されている。そして、これら各シート状電極2,3およびシート状セパレーター1は、積層体化してユニットセル6を形成している。
【0006】
また、7,8は、前記シート状電極2,3およびシート状セパレーター1の積層体から成るユニットセル6を液密ないし気密に封装する外装樹脂フィルムである。そして、電池容量を高める場合は、前記ユニットセル6の複数個を積層的に組み込み、かつ正・負両極集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3bに接続して成る正・負両電極端子4,5を一括的に、液密ないし気密に封止・導出しながら、外装樹脂フィルム7,8で形成する封装体外に導出されている。
【0007】
なお、この種の軽量、フレキシブルな薄形電池の製造は、前記シート状正極2、シート状セパレータ(ポリマー−電解質系)1およびシート状負極3を積層状に組み合わせて成る複数個のユニットセル4を用意する。次いで、それら複数個のユニットセル4を、各集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3bに、対応する電極端子片4,5を位置合わせ・溶接する。その後、両面側に外装樹脂フィルム7,8を積層・配置(1枚の樹脂フィルムを折り曲げ、両主面を包むように)し、集電体2a,3aに接続する各電極端子4,5を集合(積層)的に外部に導出しながら、前記外装樹脂フィルム7,8の周縁部7a,8a同士を熱溶着、もしくは接着剤層を介して気密に接合・一体化させ封装している。
【0008】
さらに、上記ユニットセル6の構成において、たとえばシート状正極2、シート状セパレータ1、シート状負極3、シート状負極3、シート状セパレータ1、シート状正極2のように、同じ極性のシート状電極(ここでは負極3)を積層すると、シート状セパレーター1を1枚省略することになるので、その分を薄形化できる。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記構成の薄形電池の場合、次のような不都合がある。すなわち、複数個のユニットセル6の積層体を電池要素として内蔵する薄形電池においては、ユニットセル6の各集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3bに、それぞれ一端を溶接などで接続した電極端子4,5を集合(集束)的に封止・導出されている。換言すると、ユニットセル6ごとに、集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3bに対して、機械的および電気的に接合・延設した両電極端子4,5は、同じ極性の集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3b同士、あるいは同じ極性の集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3b同士を単純に重ねた状態(集合化した状態)で、外装樹脂フィルム7,8の封止部から封止・導出されている。
【0010】
ところで、前記両電極端子4,5の封止・導出においては、小形化を図るために外装樹脂フィルム7,8の溶着・接合封止部を小さく設定すると、両電極端子4,5を集合的に封止・導出する部分から液漏れなどを招来し易い傾向がある。また、外装樹脂フィルム7,8の溶着・接合封止に要する面積を比較的大きく採ると、その分、薄形電池のコンパクト化が損なわれるか、あるいは電池容量の低減となるなどの問題がある。
【0011】
さらに、前記構成の場合は、ユニットセル6を形成する各電極シート2,3ごとに、集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3bに対し、電極端子4,5を溶接などで接合し、電極端子を延設した構成を採っているため、電池の落下などで外部衝撃を受けたとき、前記電極端子4,5の接合離脱を発生する恐れがある。すなわち、電極端子4,5やその周辺部に外力が加わったとき、集電体に対する電極端子4,5の接続離脱などの発生が懸念される。
【0012】
そして、このような懸念は、各集電体2a,3aの突出・延設部2b,3bに対する電極端子4,5の接続数の多さ、および上記外装樹脂フィルム7,8における電極端子4,5の液密・封止、導出の問題もあって、薄形電池の信頼性などにも影響する。
【0013】
本発明は、このような事情に対処してなされたもので、よりコンパクト化もしくは高容量化、および接続の信頼性向上が図られた薄形電池の提供を目的とする。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、正極活物質を付着担持し、かつ端子部を突設させた正極集電体を有するシート状正極、およびこのシート状正極主面にイオン伝導性を有するシート状セパレーターを介して積層・配置された負極活物質を付着担持し、かつ端子部を突設させた負極集電体を有するシート状負極から成るユニットセルの複数個を積層した電池要素部と、
前記電池要素部を一体的、かつ液密に封装する外装樹脂フィルムと、
前記外装樹脂フィルム外に封止・導出された電池要素部の外部接続用正・負端子とを有する薄形電池であって、
前記外部接続用正・負端子は、ユニットセル中の1個の正極集電体の端子部および負極集電体の端子部の各延設部で兼ねられ、この延設端子に他のユニットセルの正極集電体の端子部および負極集電体の端子部を同じ極性同士で接続・一体化してあることを特徴とする薄形電池である。
【0015】
請求項2の発明は、請求項1記載の薄形電池において、外装樹脂フィルムによる液密な封装が、外装樹脂フィルム端縁部同士の熱融着で行われていることを特徴とする。
【0016】
請求項1〜2の発明において、正極集電体は、たとえばアルミニウム箔、アルミニウム製メッシュ、アルミニウム製エキスバンドメタル、アルミニウム製パンチメタルなどであり、この正極集電体は端子部を突設・具備している。ここで、端子部は正極集電体の延設部で、かつ正極活物質が未(不)塗布な領域で形成されている。そして、複数個のユニットセル中の一正極集電体の延設部が、外部接続用端子部を成し、他の正極集電体の延設部は、その先端部を外部接続用端子部を成す一正極集電体の延設部に溶接などにより接合・一体化されている。つまり、この発明においては、各正極集電体にアルミニウム箔片などを溶接する構成を採らないで、正極集電体の一部を突設・延設し、この部分を外部接続用端子部の形成に利用している。
【0017】
一方、負極集電体は、銅箔、銅製エキスバンドメタル、銅製パンチメタルなどであり、この負極集電体も端子部を突設・具備している。ここで、負極集電体の端子部は負極集電体の延設部で、かつ負極活物質が未(不)塗布な領域で形成されている。そして、複数個のユニットセル中の一負極集電体の延設部が、外部接続用端子部を成し、他の負極集電体の延設部は、その先端部を外部接続用端子部を成す一負極集電体の延設部に溶接などにより接合・一体化されている。つまり、この発明においては、各負極集電体にアルミニウム箔片などを溶接する構成を採らないで、負極集電体の一部を突設・延設し、この部分を外部接続用端子部の形成に利用している。
【0018】
なお、上記一集電体の延設部が成す外部接続用端子部に対し、他の集電体の延設部を接合・一体化する位置は、一般的に、外装フィルムによる封止部の内側
(内装形)であるが、外装フィルムによる封止に一部が封止される構成としてもよい。
【0019】
請求項1〜2の発明において、正極集電体が付着担持する正極活物質としては、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出するリチウム含有金属酸化物、たとえばリチウムマンガン複合酸化物、リチウム含有コバルト酸化物、リチウム含有ニッケルコバルト酸化物、リチウムを含む非晶質五酸化バナジウムや、二酸化マンガン、カルコゲン化合物などが挙げられる。
【0020】
また、負極集電体が付着担持する負極活物質は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出するもので、たとえばビスフェノール樹脂、ポリアクリロニトリル、セルローズなどの焼成物、コークスやピッチの焼成物が挙げられ、これらは天然もしくは人口グラファイト、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック,ケッチェンブラック、ニッケル粉末、ニッケル粉末などを含有した形態を採ってもよい。
【0021】
さらに、上記シート状の正極および負極の間に介挿配置されたセパレーターに、含浸・担持されてイオン伝導体を形成する電解液は、たとえばエチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネートなどの非水溶媒に、過塩素酸リチウム、六フッ化リン酸リチウム、ホウ四フッ化リチウム、六フッ化ヒ素リチウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸リチウムなどを 0.2〜 2mol/ l程度に溶解させたものが挙げられる。ここで、セパレーターの機能をする電解質保持性のポリマ−電解質系としては、たとえばヘキサフロロプロピレン−フッ化ビニリデン共重合体などのポリマーが挙げられる。
【0022】
請求項1〜2の発明において、積層配置された複数個のユニットセル、すなわち電池要素部を一体的に封装する外装樹脂フィルムとしては、厚さ0.02〜 0.5mm程度のポリエチレン樹脂フィルム、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム、薄いアルミニウム箔などを内層した多層形のポリエチレン樹脂フィルム、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム、あるいは被封着面に溶着性樹脂層を設けた多層形のポリエチレン樹脂フィルム、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルムなどが挙げられる。
【0023】
そして、外装樹脂フィルムによる液密な封装は、電池要素部の両面側に位置決め配置した外装樹脂フィルムの端縁部同士を加熱やビーム照射などで、熱融着させることが容易な手段といえるが、熱融着の代りに接着剤を介挿させて行ってもよい。
【0024】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図1および図2(a) ,(b) を参照して実施例を説明する。
【0025】
図1は、実施例に係る薄型電池の要部構成を拡大して示す断面図である。図1において、2は正極活物質を付着担持し正極集電体2aを有するシート状正極、3は前記シート状正極2の主面にイオン伝導性を有するシート状セパレーター1を介して積層・配置された負極活物質を付着担持した負極集電体3aを有するシート状負極であり、この積層形がユニットセル6を構成している。
【0026】
ここで、シート状正極2は、正極活物質を付着担持する集電体2aの一部が、露出したまま突出・延設2bされており、シート状正極2のうちの一つの集電体2aの突出・延設2b′が長く設定されて、そのまま正極端子4を構成する。すなわち、前記ユニットセル6のうち、いずれか1個のユニットセル6′の集電体2a′の突出・延設2b′を正極端子4とする一方、ユニットセル6′以外の他のユニットセル6の集電体2aの突出・延設2bを、前記正極端子4に溶接などで接合した構成と成っている。
【0027】
同様に、シート状負極3の場合も、負極活物質を付着担持する集電体3aの一部が、露出したまま突出・延設3bされており、シート状負極3のうちの一つの集電体3a′の突出・延設2b′が長く設定されて、そのまま負極端子5を構成する。すなわち、前記ユニットセル6のうち、いずれか1個のユニットセル6の集電体3a′の突出・延設3b′を負極端子5とする一方、ユニットセル4′以外の他のユニットセル4の集電体2aの突出・延設2bを、前記負極端子5に溶接などで接合した構成と成っている。
【0028】
また、7,8は前記ユニットセル6の積層体を位置合わせした状態で、その端縁部7a,8aを熱融着によって一体的、かつ液密に封装する折り曲げられた外装樹脂フィルムである。
【0029】
次に、図2(a) ,(b) を参照して、上記構成の薄型電池の製造・組み立て例を説明する。
【0030】
シート状正極の作製
ビニリデンフロライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(商品名; KYNAR2801,エルファトケム社製)粉末をアセトンに溶解した後、このアセントン溶液に、ジブチルフタレートおよびリチウム含有コバルト酸化物( LiCoO2 )を添加混合して正極用ペーストを調製した。次に、予め用意しておいたアルミニウム製ラスメタルから成る多孔質集電体の一端部に未塗工部を残しながら、ナイフコーターを用いて、前記正極用ペーストを塗工し、乾燥空気で乾燥を行った。
【0031】
その後、正極用ペースト塗工部分の外形寸法60×30mm、未塗工分の寸法長さ30mm、幅 5mmに裁断し、図2 (a)に平面的に要部構成を平面的に示すような、両面に電解液未含浸正極層を有する一方、端子部2bと成る未塗工部分が突設(延設)されたシート状正極2を作製した。なお、このシート状正極2の作製工程で、未塗工分を 5mm、幅 5mm残して裁断した他は、おなじ寸法として、図2 (b)に平面的に要部構成を平面的に示すような、集電体2a′の突出・延設2b′(未塗工分)の先端がそのまま正極端子4となるシート状正極2を作製した。
【0032】
シート状負極の作製
ビニリデンフロライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(商品名; KYNAR2801,エルファトケム社製)粉末をアセトンに溶解した後、このアセントン溶液に、ジブチルフタレートおよびメソフューズピッチ系炭素繊維(ペトカ社製)を添加混合して負極用ペーストを調製した。次に、予め用意しておいた銅製ラスメタルから成る多孔質集電体の一端部に未塗工部を残しながら、ナイフコーターを用いて、前記負極用ペーストを塗工して、乾燥空気で乾燥を行った。
【0033】
その後、負極用ペースト塗工部分の外形寸法62×32mm、未塗工部分の寸法長さ30mm、幅 5mmに裁断し、両面に電解液未含浸負極層を有する一方、端子部3bと成る未塗工部分が突設(延設)されたシート状負極3を作製した。なお、このシート状負極3の作製工程で、未塗工分を 5mm、幅 5mm残して裁断した他は、同じ寸法として、集電体3a′の突出・延設2b′(未塗工分)の先端がそのまま負極端子5となるシート状負極3を作製した。つまり、上記図2 (a), (b)に示した場合と同様のシート状負極3を得た。
【0034】
固体ポリマー電解質素材の作製
ビニリデンフロライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(商品名; KYNAR2801,エルファトケム社製)粉末をアセトンに溶解した後、このアセントン溶液に、ジブチルフタレートを添加混合して電解質用ペーストを調製した。次に、予め用意しておいた平滑なガラス板面に塗工し、乾燥空気で乾燥を行った。その後、ガラス板から剥がして外形寸法62×32mmに裁断し、電解液未含浸固体ポリマー電解質素材1を作製した。
【0035】
非電解液の調製
体積比 1: 1のエチレンカーボネートおよびジメチルカーボネート混合溶媒
(非水溶媒)に、LiPF6 (電解質)を1mol/lの割合で溶解させ、非電解液を調製した。
【0036】
上記作製したシート状負極3の両主面側に、固体ポリマー電解質素材1およびシート状正極2を順次、位置決め積層した後、 130℃に加熱した剛性ローラ間を通過させ、加熱加圧してユニットセル6を作製した。その後、電池要素部をメタノール中に浸漬し、シート状正極2、シート状負極3および固体ポリマー電解質素材1中のジブチルフタレートを溶出・除去し、多孔質構造化させた。
【0037】
次いで、前記多孔質構造化させた3個のユニットセル6を、同じ極性の集電体2aもしくは3a、2bもしくは3bの突出・延設同士がほぼ同位置に位置する用に積層し、電極端子4,5を成す集電体2a′もしくは3a′の突出・延設2b′もしくは3b′に、他の集電体2aもしくは3aの突出・延設2bもしくは3bをそれぞれ溶接などにより、機械的および電気的に接合する。
【0038】
一方、予め用意しておいた、アイオノマー樹脂フィルム、アルミニウム箔およびポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂フィルムを積層・一体化して成る厚さ 0.1mm,外形寸法 150×55mmの外装樹脂フィルムを、アイオノマー樹脂フィルムを内側とし、長辺方向の中央部で折り曲げ(折り返し)幅方向の2辺をそれぞれ幅10mmに亘って熱融着させ、一端が開口する外装本体を作製した。
【0039】
上記外装本体内に、前記ユニットセル6の積層体(電池要素部)をその一端が開口部から電極端子4,5の先端部が延出するように収納配置し、さらに、前記非水電解液を注入した。この非水電解液注入後、外装本体の開口部(電極端子4,5延出・導出部)を幅10mmに亘って熱融着させ、ユニットセル6の積層体を気密に封装するとともに、電極端子4,5を気密に導出させて成る3層セル厚さ 1mm,外形寸法75×55mmの3層セル薄型電池を作製した。
【0040】
上記構成において、ユニットセル6中の一個シート状正極2の集電体2a′、一個シート状負極3の集電体3a′を長めに突出・延設2b′,3b′させ、これを正極端子3、負極端子4と兼用する代りに、電極端子4,5として厚さ 0.1mm,外形寸法10×30mmのアルミニウム箔片や銅箔片を、各集電体2a,3aの突出・延設2b,3bに超音波溶接し、電極端子4,5を気密に導出させた他は、同様の条件で薄型電池を作製した(比較例)。なお、比較例の場合、電極端子3,4を成すアルミニウム箔片、銅箔片が応力などにより損傷するのを防止するため、長く設定されるため、外形寸法を同じにすると、電池要素の外形寸法が小さくなる。
【0041】
上記薄型電池の作製・組み立て条件でそれぞれ作製した、実施例に係る薄型電池 100個、および比較例に係る薄型電池 100個について、高さ 100cmの位置からコンクリート面上に落下し、電極端子導出部の機械的な強度、電気的な接続の信頼性などを試験評価したところ、いずれとも実施例に係る薄形電池の方がすぐれていた。なお、同じ外形寸法で、大きな電池容量を確保できることは、いわゆる体積効率の向上ともなる。
【0042】
上記実施例においては、シート状正極2、シート状セパレータ1、シート状負極3、シート状セパレータ1、シート状正極2、シート状セパレータ1およびシート状負極3を積層したユニットセル6を内蔵した構成を示したが、たとえばシート状正極2、シート状セパレータ1、シート状負極3、シート状負極3、シート状セパレータ1およびシート状正極2のように、同じ極性のシート状電極(ここでは負極3)を対向・積層したユニットセル6を内蔵した構成としてもよい。この場合は、シート状セパレーター1を省略することになるので、薄形化できるし、また、シート状電極間の短絡発生の恐れも低減する。
【0043】
本発明は、上記実施例に限定されるものでなく、発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲でいろいろの変形を採ることができる。たとえば、電池要素の構成において、シート状正極、固体ポリマー電解質素材(セパレータシート)、およびシート状負極の対に設定してもよいし、また、ユニットセル数は3個以外の複数を積層した構成を採ることもできる。さらに、外装樹脂フィルムも例示以外の多層型あるいは単層型でもよく、端縁部の封装・封止も接着剤などによって行ってもよい。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
請求項1〜2の発明によれば、薄型電池の正・負の両電極端子は、ユニットセルを構成するシート状正極およびシート状負極中のいずれか1個の正極集電体および負極電極集電体の延設部が兼ねている。したがって、たとえば電極端子に外方に引っ張られる力が掛かった場合でも、ユニットセル側との電気的な接続が離脱するなどの恐れも解消し、信頼性の高い電気的および機械的な接続(接合)が確保される。
【0045】
また、電池要素部を封装する外装フィルムから電極端子を液密・導出する場合も、電極端子の薄形化や液密・封止部の形状単純化などに伴って、気密な溶着封止も可能となるので、全体的な電池のコンパクト化および高性能化した薄形電池が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例に係る薄型電池の要部構成を拡大して示す断面図。
【図2】実施例に係るの薄型電池の構成に使用するシート状正極(負極)の構成を示す上面図。
【図3】 (a) は従来の薄型電池の要部構成を示す上面図、(b) は(a) のA-A 線に沿った拡大断面図。
【符号の説明】
1……シート状セパレーター
2……シート状の正極
2a,2a′……集電体
2b,2b′……集電体の突出・延設部
3……シート状の負極
3a,3a′……集電体
3b,3b′……集電体の突出・延設部
4……正極端子
5……負極端子
6……ユニットセル
7,8……外装樹脂フィルム
7a,8a……外装樹脂フィルム端縁部(封止部)
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a thin battery, and more particularly to a thin battery in which a plurality of unit cells are built in a stacked form to increase the capacity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As power sources for portable telephones and TV cameras, compact, lightweight, thin, large capacity, high voltage, etc. are required. Unit cells with a positive electrode layer, polymer electrolyte layer and negative electrode layer superimposed (Laminate) or a battery element (electrode or power generation element) with a structure in which a plurality of such unit cell laminates are integrated into a sheet (thin shape). Water solvent batteries are also known (eg, US Pat. No. 5,296,318).
[0003]
3 (a) is a perspective plan view, and FIG. 3 (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view along the line AA in FIG. is there. 3 (a) and 3 (b), 1 is a sheet-like separator carrying an electrolyte solution, 2 is a lithium-containing metal oxide laminated and arranged on one main surface of the sheet-like separator 1, and A sheet-like positive electrode having a positive electrode current collector, 3 is an active material made of lithium metal or a carbonaceous material that occludes / releases lithium disposed on the other main surface of the sheet-like separator 1, and a negative electrode current collector It is the sheet-like negative electrode which has.
[0004]
Here, the sheet-like separator 1 is an electrolyte-retaining polymer, for example, a polymer electrolyte system such as a hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The sheet-like positive electrode 2 is composed of an active material such as a metal oxide containing lithium, an electrolyte-retaining polymer, and a positive electrode current collector, and the sheet-like negative electrode stores, for example, lithium ions. Active material, electrolyte-retaining polymer, and negative electrode current collector.
[0005]
The sheet-like positive electrode 2 is a positive electrode terminal in which one end of an aluminum foil piece is welded and connected to a projecting / extending portion 2b of a positive electrode current collector (for example, a luminium foil, a punched metal, an extended metal) 2a. 4, the sheet-like negative electrode 3 is formed by welding and connecting one end of a copper foil piece to a protruding / extending portion 3b of a negative electrode current collector (for example, copper foil, punched metal, and extended metal) 3a. Negative electrode terminals 5 are respectively provided. Each of the sheet-like electrodes 2 and 3 and the sheet-like separator 1 are laminated to form a unit cell 6.
[0006]
Reference numerals 7 and 8 denote exterior resin films for sealing the unit cell 6 composed of a laminate of the sheet-like electrodes 2 and 3 and the sheet-like separator 1 in a liquid-tight or air-tight manner. In order to increase the battery capacity, a plurality of the unit cells 6 are stacked and connected to the projecting / extending portions 2b and 3b of the positive and negative bipolar current collectors 2a and 3a. Both electrode terminals 4 and 5 are led out of the sealing body formed of the exterior resin films 7 and 8 while being sealed and led out in a liquid-tight or air-tight manner.
[0007]
In addition, this kind of lightweight and flexible thin battery is manufactured by a plurality of unit cells 4 formed by combining the sheet-like positive electrode 2, the sheet-like separator (polymer-electrolyte system) 1 and the sheet-like negative electrode 3 in a laminated form. Prepare. Next, the corresponding electrode terminal pieces 4 and 5 are aligned and welded to the projecting / extending portions 2b and 3b of the current collectors 2a and 3a. Thereafter, the exterior resin films 7 and 8 are laminated and arranged on both sides (one resin film is folded so that both main surfaces are wrapped), and the electrode terminals 4 and 5 connected to the current collectors 2a and 3a are assembled. While being led out to the outside (laminate), the peripheral portions 7a and 8a of the exterior resin films 7 and 8 are heat-sealed or hermetically joined and integrated through an adhesive layer for sealing.
[0008]
Further, in the configuration of the unit cell 6, for example, a sheet-like electrode having the same polarity, such as a sheet-like positive electrode 2, a sheet-like separator 1, a sheet-like negative electrode 3, a sheet-like negative electrode 3, a sheet-like separator 1, and a sheet-like positive electrode 2. When the (negative electrode 3 here) is laminated, one sheet-like separator 1 is omitted, so that the thickness can be reduced.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the thin battery having the above configuration has the following disadvantages. That is, in a thin battery incorporating a stack of a plurality of unit cells 6 as a battery element, one end of each of the current collectors 2a and 3a of the unit cell 6 is welded to the projecting / extending portions 2b and 3b. The electrode terminals 4 and 5 connected in the above are sealed and led out collectively (focused). In other words, for each unit cell 6, both electrode terminals 4, 5 mechanically and electrically joined / extended to the protruding / extending portions 2b, 3b of the current collectors 2a, 3a have the same polarity. In a state in which the protruding / extending portions 2b, 3b of the current collectors 2a, 3a or the protruding / extending portions 2b, 3b of the current collectors 2a, 3a having the same polarity are simply overlapped (assembled state) The outer resin films 7 and 8 are sealed and led out from the sealing portion.
[0010]
By the way, in sealing and derivation of the electrode terminals 4 and 5, if the welding / bonding sealing portion of the exterior resin films 7 and 8 is set small in order to reduce the size, the electrode terminals 4 and 5 are collectively assembled. There is a tendency that liquid leakage or the like is likely to be caused from the portion sealed and led out. Moreover, if the area required for welding / bonding sealing of the exterior resin films 7 and 8 is relatively large, there is a problem that the compactness of the thin battery is reduced or the battery capacity is reduced accordingly. .
[0011]
Further, in the case of the above configuration, the electrode terminals 4 and 5 are welded to the projecting / extending portions 2b and 3b of the current collectors 2a and 3a for each of the electrode sheets 2 and 3 forming the unit cell 6. Since the electrodes are joined and extended, the electrode terminals 4 and 5 may be detached from each other when subjected to an external impact such as dropping of a battery. That is, when an external force is applied to the electrode terminals 4 and 5 and the peripheral portion thereof, there is a concern that the electrode terminals 4 and 5 are disconnected from the current collector.
[0012]
Such concerns are due to the large number of connection of the electrode terminals 4 and 5 to the projecting / extending portions 2b and 3b of the current collectors 2a and 3a, and the electrode terminals 4 and 4 in the exterior resin films 7 and 8, respectively. There is also the problem of liquid tightness, sealing, and derivation of No. 5, which affects the reliability of the thin battery.
[0013]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a thin battery that is more compact or has a higher capacity and is improved in connection reliability.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is a sheet-like positive electrode having a positive electrode current collector having a positive electrode active material attached thereto and having a terminal portion protruding, and a sheet-like separator having ion conductivity on the main surface of the sheet-like positive electrode. A battery element portion in which a plurality of unit cells each composed of a sheet-like negative electrode having a negative electrode current collector having a negative electrode current collector with a negative electrode current collector attached and supported thereon, and a negative electrode active material laminated and arranged via
An exterior resin film that integrally and liquid-tightly seals the battery element portion;
A thin battery having positive and negative terminals for external connection of battery element parts sealed and led out of the exterior resin film,
The positive and negative terminals for external connection are also used as extending portions of one positive electrode current collector terminal and negative electrode current collector terminal portion in the unit cell. In this thin battery, the terminal part of the positive electrode current collector and the terminal part of the negative electrode current collector are connected and integrated with the same polarity.
[0015]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the thin battery according to the first aspect, the liquid-tight sealing by the exterior resin film is performed by heat fusion between the edge portions of the exterior resin film.
[0016]
In the invention of claim 1 or 2, the positive electrode current collector is, for example, an aluminum foil, an aluminum mesh, an aluminum expanded metal, an aluminum punch metal, etc., and the positive electrode current collector is provided with a terminal portion in a protruding manner. is doing. Here, the terminal portion is an extended portion of the positive electrode current collector, and is formed in a region where the positive electrode active material is not (not) applied. And the extension part of one positive electrode current collector in a plurality of unit cells constitutes an external connection terminal part, and the extension part of the other positive electrode current collector has its tip part as an external connection terminal part. Are joined and integrated by welding or the like to the extended portion of the positive electrode current collector. In other words, in the present invention, without adopting a configuration in which an aluminum foil piece or the like is welded to each positive electrode current collector, a part of the positive electrode current collector is projected and extended, and this portion is connected to the external connection terminal portion. It is used for formation.
[0017]
On the other hand, the negative electrode current collector is a copper foil, a copper expanded metal, a copper punch metal, or the like, and this negative electrode current collector is also provided with a terminal portion. Here, the terminal part of the negative electrode current collector is an extended part of the negative electrode current collector, and is formed in a region where the negative electrode active material is not (not) applied. And the extension part of one negative electrode current collector in the plurality of unit cells forms an external connection terminal part, and the extension part of the other negative electrode current collector has its tip part as an external connection terminal part. Is joined and integrated by welding or the like to the extended portion of the negative electrode current collector. In other words, in the present invention, without adopting a configuration in which an aluminum foil piece or the like is welded to each negative electrode current collector, a part of the negative electrode current collector is protruded and extended, and this portion is connected to the external connection terminal portion. It is used for formation.
[0018]
Note that the position where the extension part of the other current collector is joined and integrated with the external connection terminal part formed by the extension part of the one current collector is generally the position of the sealing part by the exterior film. Although it is inside (interior type), it is good also as a structure partly sealed by sealing by an exterior film.
[0019]
The positive electrode active material attached and supported by the positive electrode current collector in the invention of claim 1 or 2 is a lithium-containing metal oxide that occludes / releases lithium ions, such as lithium manganese composite oxide, lithium-containing cobalt oxide, lithium Examples thereof include nickel cobalt oxide, amorphous vanadium pentoxide containing lithium, manganese dioxide, and chalcogen compounds.
[0020]
The negative electrode active material attached and supported by the negative electrode current collector is one that occludes / releases lithium ions, such as baked products such as bisphenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, and baked products of coke and pitch. A form containing natural or artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, nickel powder, nickel powder or the like may be employed.
[0021]
Further, an electrolytic solution that is impregnated and supported on the separator disposed between the sheet-like positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an ionic conductor is, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate. Dissolve lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium borotetrafluoride, lithium hexafluoroarsenide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, etc. in a non-aqueous solvent such as methyl ethyl carbonate to about 0.2-2 mol / l. Can be mentioned. Here, examples of the electrolyte-retaining polymer-electrolyte system that functions as a separator include polymers such as a hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
[0022]
In the invention according to claim 1 or 2, as an exterior resin film for integrally sealing a plurality of unit cells arranged in a stacked manner, that is, a battery element portion, a polyethylene resin film or a polypropylene resin film having a thickness of about 0.02 to 0.5 mm And a multilayer polyethylene resin film, a polypropylene resin film having a thin aluminum foil or the like as an inner layer, or a multilayer polyethylene resin film having a weldable resin layer on the surface to be sealed, a polypropylene resin film, and the like.
[0023]
The liquid-tight sealing with the exterior resin film can be said to be an easy means for heat-sealing the edge portions of the exterior resin film positioned and arranged on both sides of the battery element portion by heating or beam irradiation. Alternatively, an adhesive may be inserted instead of heat fusion.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 (a) and 2 (b).
[0025]
FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a main configuration of a thin battery according to an embodiment. In FIG. 1, 2 is a sheet-like positive electrode having a positive electrode active material attached thereto and having a positive electrode current collector 2 a, and 3 is laminated / arranged on the main surface of the sheet-like positive electrode 2 via a sheet-like separator 1 having ion conductivity. This is a sheet-like negative electrode having a negative electrode current collector 3 a on which the negative electrode active material is adhered and supported, and this laminated form constitutes a unit cell 6.
[0026]
Here, in the sheet-like positive electrode 2, a part of the current collector 2 a for adhering and supporting the positive electrode active material is protruded and extended 2 b while being exposed. The protrusion / extension 2b 'is set to be long, and the positive electrode terminal 4 is configured as it is. That is, among the unit cells 6, the protruding / extending 2 b ′ of the current collector 2 a ′ of any one unit cell 6 ′ is used as the positive terminal 4, while the other unit cells 6 other than the unit cell 6 ′. The projecting / extending 2b of the current collector 2a is joined to the positive terminal 4 by welding or the like.
[0027]
Similarly, in the case of the sheet-like negative electrode 3, a part of the current collector 3 a that adheres and carries the negative electrode active material protrudes and extends 3 b while being exposed. The protrusion / extension 2b ′ of the body 3a ′ is set long and forms the negative electrode terminal 5 as it is. That is, the protruding / extending 3b 'of the current collector 3a' of any one of the unit cells 6 serves as the negative terminal 5, while the other unit cells 4 other than the unit cell 4 ' The protrusion / extension 2b of the current collector 2a is joined to the negative electrode terminal 5 by welding or the like.
[0028]
Reference numerals 7 and 8 denote folded exterior resin films for sealing the end edges 7a and 8a integrally and liquid-tightly by heat fusion in a state in which the laminated body of the unit cells 6 is aligned.
[0029]
Next, an example of manufacturing and assembling the thin battery having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0030]
Preparation of sheet-like positive electrode After vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (trade name; KYNAR2801, manufactured by Elfatochem) powder is dissolved in acetone, dibutyl phthalate and lithium-containing cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) are added to the asenton solution. Were added and mixed to prepare a positive electrode paste. Next, while leaving an uncoated part at one end of a porous current collector made of aluminum lath metal prepared in advance, apply the positive electrode paste using a knife coater and dry with dry air Went.
[0031]
After that, the positive electrode paste coated part is cut into an outer dimension of 60 × 30 mm, an uncoated dimension of 30 mm in length and a width of 5 mm, and the main part configuration is shown in plan in FIG. A sheet-like positive electrode 2 having an electrolyte-unimpregnated positive electrode layer on both sides and having an uncoated portion that becomes the terminal portion 2b protruding (extending) was produced. As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the configuration of the main part is shown in plan view as the same dimensions, except that in the manufacturing process of the sheet-like positive electrode 2, the uncoated portion is cut by leaving 5mm and width 5mm. Then, a sheet-like positive electrode 2 was produced in which the tip of the projecting / extending 2b ′ (uncoated portion) of the current collector 2a ′ became the positive electrode terminal 4 as it was.
[0032]
Preparation of sheet-like negative electrode After vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (trade name; KYNAR2801, Elfatochem) powder is dissolved in acetone, dibutyl phthalate and mesofuse pitch carbon fiber (Petka) The paste for negative electrode was prepared by adding and mixing. Next, the negative electrode paste is applied using a knife coater while leaving an uncoated part at one end of a porous current collector made of copper lath metal prepared in advance, and dried with dry air. Went.
[0033]
After that, the negative electrode paste coated part is cut into an outer dimension of 62 × 32 mm, the uncoated part is 30 mm in length and 5 mm in width, and has an electrolyte-impregnated negative electrode layer on both sides, while the terminal part 3b is not coated. A sheet-like negative electrode 3 having a projecting portion protruding (extending) was produced. Note that the tip of the current collector 3a ′ protruding / extending 2b ′ (uncoated portion) has the same dimensions except that the uncoated portion is cut by 5 mm and the width is left at 5 mm in the manufacturing process of the sheet-like negative electrode 3. Produced a sheet-like negative electrode 3 that would become the negative electrode terminal 5 as it was. That is, a sheet-like negative electrode 3 similar to that shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) was obtained.
[0034]
Preparation of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Material After dissolving vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (trade name; KYNAR2801, Elfatechem) powder in acetone, dibutyl phthalate is added to and mixed with this asenton solution to prepare an electrolyte paste. Prepared. Next, it was applied to a smooth glass plate surface prepared in advance and dried with dry air. Then, it peeled off from the glass plate and cut | judged to the external dimension 62 * 32mm, and produced the electrolyte solution non-impregnated solid polymer electrolyte raw material 1. FIG.
[0035]
Preparation of non-electrolytic solution LiPF 6 (electrolyte) was dissolved at a ratio of 1 mol / l in a 1: 1 volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate mixed solvent (non-aqueous solvent) to prepare a non-electrolytic solution.
[0036]
The solid polymer electrolyte material 1 and the sheet-like positive electrode 2 are sequentially positioned and laminated on both main surface sides of the produced sheet-like negative electrode 3 and then passed between rigid rollers heated to 130 ° C. and heated and pressurized to form unit cells. 6 was produced. Then, the battery element part was immersed in methanol, and dibutyl phthalate in the sheet-like positive electrode 2, the sheet-like negative electrode 3, and the solid polymer electrolyte material 1 was eluted and removed to form a porous structure.
[0037]
Next, the three unit cells 6 having the porous structure are stacked so that the current collectors 2a or 3a, 2b or 3b having the same polarity are located at substantially the same position. The current collector 2a 'or 3a' forming the protrusions 4a and 5a 2b 'or 3b' and the other current collector 2a or 3a protrusions / extensions 2b or 3b are mechanically and Electrically join.
[0038]
On the other hand, an exterior resin film with a thickness of 0.1 mm and outer dimensions of 150 x 55 mm, which is prepared by previously laminating and integrating an ionomer resin film, aluminum foil, and polyethylene terephthalate resin film, is used with the ionomer resin film inside. Bending (turned back) at the center in the long side direction and two sides in the width direction were heat-sealed over a width of 10 mm, respectively, to produce an exterior body with one end opened.
[0039]
The laminated body (battery element part) of the unit cell 6 is housed and disposed in the exterior body so that one end of the laminated body (battery element part) extends from the opening part to the tip part of the electrode terminals 4 and 5, and the nonaqueous electrolyte Injected. After injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte, the outer body opening (electrode terminals 4 and 5 extending / leading out) is heat-sealed over a width of 10 mm to hermetically seal the laminate of unit cells 6 and A three-layer cell thin battery having a three-layer cell thickness of 1 mm and an outer dimension of 75 × 55 mm, in which terminals 4 and 5 are hermetically led out, was produced.
[0040]
In the above configuration, the current collector 2a ′ of the single sheet-like positive electrode 2 and the current collector 3a ′ of the single sheet-like negative electrode 3 in the unit cell 6 are projected and extended 2b ′ and 3b ′, and this is connected to the positive electrode terminal. 3. Instead of double-use as negative electrode terminal 4, aluminum foil pieces and copper foil pieces of 0.1mm thickness and external dimensions of 10x30mm as electrode terminals 4 and 5 are projected and extended 2b of current collectors 2a and 3a. 3b was produced under the same conditions except that the electrode terminals 4 and 5 were hermetically led out by ultrasonic welding to 3b (Comparative Example). In the case of the comparative example, the aluminum foil pieces and the copper foil pieces constituting the electrode terminals 3 and 4 are set long in order to prevent damage due to stress or the like. Dimensions are reduced.
[0041]
About 100 thin batteries according to the example and 100 thin batteries according to the comparative example, which were respectively produced under the above-mentioned production and assembly conditions of the thin battery, the electrode terminal lead-out portion was dropped on the concrete surface from a position of 100 cm in height. As a result of testing and evaluating the mechanical strength and reliability of electrical connection, the thin battery according to the example was superior. Note that securing a large battery capacity with the same outer dimensions also improves so-called volumetric efficiency.
[0042]
In the above-described embodiment, the unit cell 6 in which the sheet-like positive electrode 2, the sheet-like separator 1, the sheet-like negative electrode 3, the sheet-like separator 1, the sheet-like positive electrode 2, the sheet-like separator 1 and the sheet-like negative electrode 3 are stacked is built in. However, for example, a sheet-like electrode of the same polarity (here, negative electrode 3), such as a sheet-like positive electrode 2, a sheet-like separator 1, a sheet-like negative electrode 3, a sheet-like negative electrode 3, a sheet-like separator 1, and a sheet-like positive electrode 2 It is also possible to have a configuration in which the unit cell 6 facing and stacked is built in. In this case, since the sheet-like separator 1 is omitted, the sheet-like separator 1 can be thinned, and the possibility of occurrence of a short circuit between the sheet-like electrodes is reduced.
[0043]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in the configuration of the battery element, it may be set to a pair of a sheet-like positive electrode, a solid polymer electrolyte material (separator sheet), and a sheet-like negative electrode, and the unit cell number is a laminate of a plurality other than three Can also be taken. Further, the exterior resin film may be a multilayer type or a single layer type other than those illustrated, and the edge portion may be sealed and sealed with an adhesive or the like.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, both the positive and negative electrode terminals of the thin battery are the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector in any one of the sheet-like positive electrode and the sheet-like negative electrode constituting the unit cell. It also serves as the extension of the electric body. Therefore, for example, even when the electrode terminal is pulled outward, the risk of disconnection from the unit cell side is eliminated, and highly reliable electrical and mechanical connection (joining) ) Is secured.
[0045]
In addition, when the electrode terminal is liquid-tight / leaded out from the exterior film that seals the battery element part, air-tight welding / sealing is also possible due to the thinning of the electrode terminal, liquid-tightness, simplification of the shape of the sealing part, etc. Therefore, a thin battery having a compact and high performance battery as a whole is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main configuration of a thin battery according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a top view showing a configuration of a sheet-like positive electrode (negative electrode) used in the configuration of a thin battery according to an example.
3A is a top view showing the configuration of a main part of a conventional thin battery, and FIG. 3B is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Sheet-shaped separator 2 ... Sheet-shaped positive electrode
2a, 2a ′ …… Current collector
2b, 2b '…… Projector / extension part 3 of the current collector …… Sheet negative electrode
3a, 3a ′ …… Current collector
3b, 3b '... Current collector protrusion / extension 4 ... Positive electrode terminal 5 ... Negative electrode terminal 6 ... Unit cells 7, 8 ... Exterior resin film
7a, 8a …… Exterior resin film edge (sealing part)

Claims (2)

正極活物質を付着担持し、かつ端子部を突設させた正極集電体を有するシート状正極、およびこのシート状正極主面にイオン伝導性を有するシート状セパレーターを介して積層・配置された負極活物質を付着担持し、かつ端子部を突設させた負極集電体を有するシート状負極から成るユニットセルの複数個を積層した電池要素部と、
前記電池要素部を一体的、かつ液密に封装する外装樹脂フィルムと、
前記外装樹脂フィルム外に封止・導出された電池要素部の接続用正・負端子とを有する薄形電池であって、
前記外部接続用正・負端子は、ユニットセル中の1個の正極集電体端子部および負極集電体端子部の各延設部で兼ねられ、この延設端子部に他のユニットセルの正極集電体の端子部および負極集電体の端子部を同じ極性同士で接続・一体化してあることを特徴とする薄形電池。
A sheet-like positive electrode having a positive-electrode current collector with a positive-electrode active material attached thereto and projecting terminal portions, and a sheet-like positive electrode main surface laminated and arranged via a sheet-like separator having ion conductivity A battery element portion in which a plurality of unit cells each made of a sheet-like negative electrode having a negative electrode current collector having a negative electrode current collector attached and supported by a negative electrode active material;
An exterior resin film for integrally and liquid-tightly sealing the battery element part;
A thin battery having positive and negative terminals for connection of battery element parts sealed and led out of the exterior resin film,
The positive and negative terminals for external connection also serve as extending portions of one positive electrode current collector terminal portion and negative electrode current collector terminal portion in the unit cell, and this extended terminal portion is connected to other unit cells. A thin battery comprising a terminal part of a positive electrode current collector and a terminal part of a negative electrode current collector connected and integrated with the same polarity.
外装樹脂フィルムによる液密な封装が、外装樹脂フィルム端縁部同士の熱融着で行われていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の薄形電池。2. The thin battery according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-tight sealing with the exterior resin film is performed by heat fusion between the edge portions of the exterior resin film.
JP10660399A 1999-04-14 1999-04-14 Thin battery Expired - Fee Related JP4377475B2 (en)

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BRPI0606460B1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2018-06-12 Lg Chem, Ltd. “Secondary Battery”
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