JP4373047B2 - 付着によって大きな障害を受ける工程に用いるための特殊な中空糸膜モジュールおよびその製造 - Google Patents
付着によって大きな障害を受ける工程に用いるための特殊な中空糸膜モジュールおよびその製造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4373047B2 JP4373047B2 JP2002037452A JP2002037452A JP4373047B2 JP 4373047 B2 JP4373047 B2 JP 4373047B2 JP 2002037452 A JP2002037452 A JP 2002037452A JP 2002037452 A JP2002037452 A JP 2002037452A JP 4373047 B2 JP4373047 B2 JP 4373047B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- housing
- membrane module
- module according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 271
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 244
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001601 blood-air barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000916532 Rattus norvegicus Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 38 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011138 biotechnological process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
- B01D63/043—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies with separate tube sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/02—Specific tightening or locking mechanisms
- B01D2313/025—Specific membrane holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10106722.4 | 2001-02-14 | ||
| DE10106722A DE10106722B4 (de) | 2001-02-14 | 2001-02-14 | Spezielles Hohlfaser-Membranmodul für den Einsatz in stark durch fouling beeinträchtigten Prozessen und seine Herstellung |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002306931A JP2002306931A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
| JP2002306931A5 JP2002306931A5 (enExample) | 2005-08-25 |
| JP4373047B2 true JP4373047B2 (ja) | 2009-11-25 |
Family
ID=7673938
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002037452A Expired - Fee Related JP4373047B2 (ja) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-14 | 付着によって大きな障害を受ける工程に用いるための特殊な中空糸膜モジュールおよびその製造 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20020179516A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4373047B2 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE10106722B4 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2820652B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2372950B (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL1019960C2 (enExample) |
| SE (1) | SE525737C2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10112863C1 (de) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-11-28 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlfaser- oder Kapillarmembranmoduls |
| DE10148768A1 (de) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-10 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Hohlfaser aus einem anorganischen, sinterbaren Material und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| JP2004277260A (ja) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-10-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 多孔質セラミックス材料及びその製造方法 |
| KR100535301B1 (ko) * | 2003-05-13 | 2005-12-08 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 중공사막 모듈과 중공사막 모듈 제조방법 |
| US7357378B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2008-04-15 | Air Prodcuts And Chemicals, Inc. | Divided wall exchange column |
| WO2006123846A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University | Hollow fiber membrane module and method for making thereof |
| TW200927273A (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-07-01 | Applied Process Technology Inc | Water treatment bioreactor using polyester hollow filaments |
| NL1034617C2 (nl) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-06 | Demand Holding B V | Membraanhouder. |
| KR100874931B1 (ko) | 2008-06-23 | 2008-12-19 | (주)삼원엔지니어링 | 내압식 중공사 금속막 모듈과 압력베셀 |
| CN102123778B (zh) | 2008-08-14 | 2014-10-29 | 李伟德 | 利用离心力的动态过滤装置 |
| JP4929269B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-13 | 2012-05-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 膜容器 |
| NL1036319C2 (nl) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Demand Holding B V | Werkwijze voor het vormen van een membraanhouder en zo gevormde membraanhouder. |
| GB0913645D0 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2009-09-16 | Nano Porous Solutions Ltd | A method of forming a fluid separation filter for use in a fluid separation device |
| US20110117538A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Niazi Sarfaraz K | Bioreactors for fermentation and related methods |
| KR101175986B1 (ko) | 2009-12-31 | 2012-08-22 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 무기질 중공사 번들 및 그 제조방법 |
| US9168493B1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2015-10-27 | Brent Lee | Waste water treatment system |
| US20120301923A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-11-29 | Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. | Dialysis fermenter-bioreactor with dialysis device |
| DE102011085511A1 (de) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-02 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Membran zum Abdecken einer Öffnung in einem Hörgerät |
| DE102013214090A1 (de) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Mahle International Gmbh | Querstromfilter für Wein |
| US10369263B2 (en) | 2014-03-29 | 2019-08-06 | Novaflux Inc. | Blood processing cartridges and systems, and methods for extracorporeal blood therapies |
| KR101766011B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-30 | 2017-08-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지용 막가습기 |
| US10426884B2 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2019-10-01 | Novaflux Inc. | Cartridges and systems for outside-in flow in membrane-based therapies |
| WO2017053805A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Labib Mohamed E | Cartridges for hollow fibre membrane-based therapies |
| JP6633430B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-14 | 2020-01-22 | 株式会社ダイセル | 外圧式中空糸膜モジュール |
| JP6780817B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-08 | 2020-11-04 | Smc株式会社 | 除湿エレメント及びそれを有する除湿装置 |
| CN106422790A (zh) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-02-22 | 朱斌 | 一种高效膜组件结构 |
| US20190022592A1 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-01-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Hollow fiber membrane module |
| US10889915B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2021-01-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Producing fibers using spinnerets |
| CN108246116A (zh) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-07-06 | 上海麦驼科技发展有限公司 | 一种用于管式过滤膜的瓣状内支撑骨架及其应用 |
| EP3991821B1 (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2025-07-23 | DIC Corporation | Hollow fiber degassing module, inkjet printer, and method for degassing liquid |
| US12116326B2 (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2024-10-15 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Conversion of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons using non-thermal plasma and a catalyst |
Family Cites Families (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3728256A (en) * | 1971-06-22 | 1973-04-17 | Abcor Inc | Crossflow capillary dialyzer |
| US4289623A (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1981-09-15 | Extracorporeal Medical Specialties, Inc. | Hollow fiber dialysis |
| SE7611942L (sv) * | 1975-11-05 | 1977-05-06 | Extracorporeal Med Spec | Dialysator med ihaliga fibrer |
| DE2700966C3 (de) * | 1977-01-12 | 1982-06-24 | Otto Tuchenhagen GmbH & Co KG, 2059 Büchen | Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Aufbereitung verunreinigter Reinigungsflüssigkeit innerhalb eines Stapelbehälters mit Hilfe semipermeabler Membranen |
| US4218313A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1980-08-19 | Extracorporeal Medical Specialties, Inc. | Dialysis apparatus and technique |
| US4496458A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1985-01-29 | Extracorporeal Medical Specialties, Inc. | Dialysis apparatus and technique |
| US4271014A (en) * | 1977-08-25 | 1981-06-02 | Extracorporeal Medical Specialties, Inc. | Dialysis apparatus and technique |
| AU2036083A (en) | 1982-10-18 | 1984-05-04 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories Inc. | Filter |
| NL233514A (enExample) * | 1984-07-04 | |||
| US4689255A (en) * | 1984-08-01 | 1987-08-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Mat structure |
| EP0203378A3 (de) * | 1985-04-27 | 1988-08-17 | Akzo Patente GmbH | Stoff- und/oder Wärmeaustauscher |
| JPS621409A (ja) * | 1985-06-26 | 1987-01-07 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 中空糸による濾過モジユ−ル |
| DE8802771U1 (de) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-07-06 | Akzo Patente GmbH, 5600 Wuppertal | Stoff- und/oder Wärmetauscher |
| EP0519132A1 (en) | 1989-10-18 | 1992-12-23 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Hollow fiber module |
| JPH04171030A (ja) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-06-18 | Material Eng Tech Lab Inc | 高濃度懸濁液用濾過装置 |
| JPH04247285A (ja) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-09-03 | Ebara Corp | 中空糸ろ過モジュールを用いるろ過方法及び中空糸ろ過モジュールの製造方法 |
| US5282964A (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1994-02-01 | The Dow Chemical Company | Boreside feed hollow fiber membrane device |
| JPH07124445A (ja) * | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-16 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 扇型単位ろ過エレメントおよびその中空糸型膜モジュ−ル |
| AU690707B2 (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 1998-04-30 | Fls Miljo A/S | Mass transfer method and apparatus |
| JPH08108049A (ja) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-04-30 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 中空糸膜型モジュール |
| WO1997015380A1 (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-01 | Hemasure, Inc. | Extra-lumenal crossflow plasmapheresis devices |
| US5779897A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-07-14 | Permea, Inc. | Hollow fiber membrane device with inert filaments randomly distributed in the inter-fiber voids |
| NZ336455A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2001-04-27 | Usf Filtration & Separations | A method for cleaning porous membranes using a gas bubble system |
| NL1005430C2 (nl) * | 1997-03-04 | 1998-09-07 | Stork Friesland Bv | Membraanfiltratiemodule en dergelijke modules omvattend membraanfiltratiesysteem. |
| DE19806293C2 (de) * | 1998-02-16 | 2002-11-14 | Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Umwickeln eines Bündels aus zueinander parallelen Fasern oder Filamenten mit einem Materialbogen |
| US6126819A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2000-10-03 | Rochem Ro-Wasserbehandlung Gmbh | Apparatus for the treatment of liquids contaminated by foreign substances |
| DE19811945A1 (de) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-16 | Rochem Ro Wasserbehandlung Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Trennung von mit Fremdstoffen belasteten flüssigen Medien |
| JP2001000842A (ja) * | 1998-05-22 | 2001-01-09 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 病原性原虫濃縮用モジュールおよび濃縮方法 |
| TWI222895B (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2004-11-01 | Usf Filtration & Separations | Apparatus and method for cleaning membrane filtration modules |
| CZ300382B6 (cs) * | 1998-10-09 | 2009-05-06 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Zpusob cištení nebo zamezení zanášení membránového modulu |
| WO2000030742A1 (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 2000-06-02 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Water filtration using immersed membranes |
| DE69902986T4 (de) * | 1998-12-09 | 2004-08-26 | Jms Co. Ltd. | Infusionsfilter |
| DE10045227C1 (de) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-02-07 | Vosenkaul Klaus | Membranfilter für die Wasseraufbereitung |
-
2001
- 2001-02-14 DE DE10106722A patent/DE10106722B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-02-13 SE SE0200400A patent/SE525737C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-14 GB GB0203531A patent/GB2372950B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-14 NL NL1019960A patent/NL1019960C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-14 US US10/075,733 patent/US20020179516A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-14 JP JP2002037452A patent/JP4373047B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-14 FR FR0201838A patent/FR2820652B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-02-08 US US11/349,879 patent/US7128837B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7128837B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
| FR2820652B1 (fr) | 2007-09-14 |
| SE0200400D0 (sv) | 2002-02-13 |
| JP2002306931A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
| US20060124531A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| GB2372950A (en) | 2002-09-11 |
| US20020179516A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
| NL1019960C2 (nl) | 2005-04-08 |
| FR2820652A1 (fr) | 2002-08-16 |
| NL1019960A1 (nl) | 2002-08-15 |
| DE10106722A1 (de) | 2002-09-05 |
| GB2372950B (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| SE525737C2 (sv) | 2005-04-12 |
| GB0203531D0 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
| DE10106722B4 (de) | 2008-11-06 |
| SE0200400L (sv) | 2002-08-15 |
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