JP4357467B2 - Waste supply amount control device and waste supply amount control method in waste incineration facility - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste supply amount control device and a waste supply amount control method in a waste incineration facility.

  Normally, in a waste incineration facility, in order to stably supply waste from the waste storage pit to the incinerator, a waste extrusion device that receives waste from the waste storage pit and intermittently pushes out the waste, and the waste extrusion device. A crusher that crushes the garbage, and a garbage supply device that quantitatively and continuously supplies the garbage crushed by the crusher to the incinerator (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

In such a waste incineration facility, control for stabilizing the combustion state in the incinerator is performed.
For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, the amount of waste supplied is controlled so that the amount of heat generated by the waste supplied to the incinerator is constant.

  By the way, in the above-mentioned waste incineration equipment, the amount of waste supply is controlled so that the calorific value is constant, but there is inevitably a dropping phenomenon that a lot of garbage falls into the incinerator at once, In addition, the amount of waste in the waste supply hopper in the waste supply device temporarily decreases, causing the phenomenon that air flows into the incinerator (pass), the combustion state in the incinerator becomes unstable, There was a problem of becoming a cause of generation of CO and dioxins.

In order to avoid such a situation, conventionally, an operator visually observes the amount of waste in the waste supply hopper in the waste supply device, so that the amount of waste becomes constant. The operation interval of the slide member was adjusted.
JP-A-11-270828

  As described above, since the worker controls the operation interval of the slide member for pushing out the waste in the waste push-out apparatus, the control accuracy depends on the skill of the individual worker. There was a problem that is not always done.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a waste supply amount control method in a waste incineration facility that can be automatically controlled so that the waste supply amount in the waste supply device and the waste height in the waste supply hopper each have a predetermined value. It is another object of the present invention to provide a waste supply amount control device.

In order to solve the above problems, a waste supply amount control apparatus in a waste incineration facility according to claim 1 of the present invention reciprocates a slide member with a predetermined stroke in a waste extrusion passage to push the waste toward the crusher. A waste extrusion device and a waste supply device that guides the waste crushed by the crusher through the waste supply hopper and supplies the waste into the incinerator with screw blades that are rotatably disposed in the waste supply passage. In the waste incineration facility provided, the waste height in the waste supply hopper becomes a predetermined value, and the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion device is equal to the waste supply amount in the waste supply device. And a waste supply amount control device for adjusting the rest time of the control cycle comprising the rest time, pushing time and return time of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus. There is,
A height sensor for detecting the height of dust in the dust supply hopper of the dust supply device;
A deviation calculator that inputs the garbage height detected by the height sensor and calculates a deviation of the garbage height from a predetermined value;
A fractal dimension calculation unit for inputting a dust height detected by the height sensor and calculating a fractal dimension indicating a degree of fluctuation of the height curve represented in time series;
The deviation obtained by the deviation calculator and the fractal dimension obtained by the fractal dimension calculator are input, and a correction capacity, which is a correction value of the extrusion capacity of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus, is obtained based on a predetermined fuzzy rule. A capacity fuzzy inference section ;
A correction time obtained by the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit is substituted for a predetermined calculation formula, and a pause time calculation unit for obtaining a pause time of the slide member is provided ,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit divides the fractal dimension into three stages of large, medium and small, and when it is small and the deviation of the height is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease Increase the waste supply amount, reduce the waste supply amount if the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, and do not correct the waste supply amount in other cases It is a rule .

Further, dust supply amount control apparatus in waste incineration facility according to Claim 2 of the present invention are those as predetermined arithmetic expression for determining the dwell time t _w in the supply amount control apparatus according to claim 1, using the following formula It is.
_{t w = 60V p / (S} · P · r) -t 1 -t 2
However, in the above formula, the extrusion volume of V _p Wagomi extruder, S is the cross-sectional area of the screw vane, P is the pitch of the screw vane, r is revolutions per minute of the screw vane, t ₁ is the time pushing the slide member, t ₂ is the return time of the slide member.

Moreover, the waste supply amount control apparatus in the waste incineration facility according to claim 3 of the present invention is the supply amount control apparatus according to claim 1 ,
An angle sensor for detecting an inclination angle of a swinging plate provided swingably in a dust supply passage of the dust supply device;
By inputting the inclination angle from this angle sensor, the filling rate , which is a correction value of the waste supply capacity in the waste supply passage, is obtained based on a curve indicating the relationship between the previously determined inclination angle and the waste filling rate. A fuzzy reasoning unit,
In the downtime calculation unit, the waste filling rate obtained in the filling rate fuzzy inference unit and the corrected capacity obtained in the capacity fuzzy inference unit are substituted into a predetermined calculation formula to obtain the downtime of the slide member. Is.

Further, dust supply amount control apparatus in waste incineration facility according to Claim 4 of the present invention are those as predetermined arithmetic expression for determining the dwell time t _w in the supply amount control apparatus according to claim 3, with formula It is.

_{tw = 60V p / (S ·} P · x · r) -t 1 -t 2
However, in the above formula, the extrusion volume of V _p Wagomi extruder, S is the cross-sectional area of the screw blade, dust filling rate in the x Wagomi supply passage, P is the pitch of the screw vane, r is each of the screw blade Minute rotation speed, t ₁ is the pushing time of the sliding member, and t ₂ is the returning time of the sliding member.

Moreover, the method for controlling the amount of waste supply in the waste incineration facility according to claim 5 of the present invention includes a waste extrusion apparatus that reciprocates the slide member with a predetermined stroke in the waste extrusion passage and pushes the waste to the crusher side, Garbage incineration provided with a waste supply device that guides the waste crushed by the crusher through a waste supply hopper and supplies the waste into the incinerator by means of screw blades rotatably arranged in the waste supply passage In the facility, the waste extrusion device is configured so that the waste height in the waste supply hopper becomes a predetermined value, and the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion device is equal to the waste supply amount in the waste supply device. A waste supply amount control method for adjusting the pause time of a control cycle comprising a pause time, a push time and a return time of a slide member,
A deviation calculating step for obtaining a deviation from a predetermined value of the garbage height;
A fractal dimension calculating step for calculating a fractal dimension indicating the degree of fluctuation of a height curve representing the height of the dust in the dust supply hopper in time series;
A capacity inference step for obtaining a correction capacity that is a correction value of the extrusion capacity using a fuzzy rule with the deviation obtained in the deviation computation step and the fractal dimension obtained in the fractal dimension computation step as input values;
A subtraction time calculating step for substituting the correction capacity obtained in the capacity inference step into a predetermined arithmetic expression to obtain the downtime of the slide member ,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity inference step is to divide the fractal dimension into three stages of large, medium and small, and when it is small and the height deviation is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease. Increased the waste supply amount. When the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, the waste supply amount is decreased. In other cases, the waste supply amount is not corrected. It is a ruled method.

Further, dust supply amount control method in waste incineration facility according to Claim 6 of the present invention, the feeding rate control method as defined in claim 5, the dust filling factor in waste supply path, provided in the waste supply path A filling rate inference step that is obtained based on a curve indicating a relationship between a previously obtained inclination angle and a garbage filling rate when the inclination angle of the obtained rocking plate is input and obtained ,
In the downtime calculation step, the waste filling rate obtained in the filling rate inference step and the correction capacity obtained in the capacity inference step are substituted into a predetermined calculation formula to obtain the downtime of the slide member. is there.

  According to the waste supply amount control device and the waste supply amount control method, at least a correction capacity that is a correction value of the extrusion capacity of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus is obtained, and the waste filling rate and the correction capacity in the waste supply apparatus are determined. By substituting into the predetermined calculation formula, the rest time of the slide member in one control cycle in the waste extrusion apparatus is obtained, so the waste height in the waste supply hopper is automatically set to a predetermined value (predetermined height). ) And the waste supply amount from the waste supply device can also be maintained at a predetermined value (predetermined amount). Therefore, the waste spilling phenomenon into the incinerator and the waste supply hopper are always and reliably maintained. Since the passage of air due to the reduction of dust in the interior is prevented, rapid changes in the combustion state in the incinerator are suppressed.

  More specifically, the waste filling rate in the waste supply passage of the waste supply device is obtained from a tilt angle of the swing plate by using a predetermined fuzzy rule, a so-called membership function, and the waste supply hopper in the waste supply device. Enter the fractal dimension of the height curve representing the waste height in time and the deviation of the waste height, and the correction is the correction value of the extrusion capacity of the slide member in the waste extrusion device based on the predetermined fuzzy rule Since the capacity is obtained, and the waste filling rate and the corrected capacity are substituted into a predetermined calculation formula to obtain the slide member downtime in one control cycle in the waste extrusion apparatus, the waste is automatically supplied. The waste height in the hopper can be maintained at a predetermined value (predetermined height), and the waste supply amount from the waste supply device is also maintained at a predetermined value (predetermined amount). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon of stagnation of dust into the incinerator and the passage of air due to the reduction of dust in the hopper for supplying garbage, so that the combustion state in the incinerator is abrupt. Changes are suppressed.

[Embodiment 1]
Hereinafter, a waste supply amount control apparatus and a waste supply amount control method in the waste incineration facility according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described (corresponding to claims 1, 3, 4, and 5) .

  The waste incineration facility according to the first embodiment is a fluidized bed incinerator, that is, a gasification furnace (corresponding to an incinerator, and can be said to be a treatment furnace when the waste incineration facility is referred to as a waste treatment facility). A gasification and melting facility is described in which gas is supplied and burned and gasified, and the gas generated in the gasification furnace is guided to the melting furnace together with the incineration ash to be melted.

First, the overall configuration of the gasification melting equipment will be schematically described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the gasification and melting equipment includes a crusher (for example, a biaxial crusher is used) 1 that crushes garbage stored in a storage pit, and garbage crushed by the crusher 1. A dehydrator 2 for removing water, a gasification furnace 3 for guiding the waste dehydrated by the dehydrator 2 to burn it in a fluidized bed and gasifying it, and gas generated from the gasification furnace 3 and incineration ash A melting furnace 4 that guides and melts the waste, further includes a waste extrusion device 5 for pushing the waste to the crusher 1, a waste transfer conveyor device 6 for transferring the waste from the dehydrator 2, and this A waste supply device 7 that quantitatively supplies the waste from the waste transfer conveyor device 6 to the gasification furnace 3 is provided. A dust pushing screw device 8 for pushing the dust supplied from the dust feeding device 7 into the gasifying furnace 3 is disposed between the dust feeding device 7 and the gasification furnace 3. Of course, the dust transfer capabilities of both devices 7 and 8 are the same.

  By the way, the gist of the present invention is to quantitatively supply the waste gas into the gasification furnace 3 and prevent the passage of air in the waste supply device 7 to stabilize the combustion state in the gasification furnace 3. In the first embodiment, description will be given focusing on the devices for performing the suppression, that is, the waste extrusion device 5, the waste supply device 7, and these control devices.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the waste extrusion apparatus 5 has a receiving hopper 11 that receives the waste from the storage pit, and a waste extrusion passage 12 a that is disposed below the receiving hopper 11 and has a predetermined cross-sectional area. The casing 12, a slide member (also referred to as a pusher) 13 disposed in the dust extruding passage 12 a, and the slide member 13 are retracted to correspond to a volume corresponding to at least the stroke (hereinafter referred to as an extrusion capacity). The cylinder device 14 is configured to extrude a waste amount (referred to as a waste extrusion amount).

The dust supply device 7 is a biaxial screw type.
In other words, the waste supply device 7 includes a supply casing 21 having a waste supply passage 21 a having a bowl-shaped cross section, and two screw blades 22 disposed in the waste supply passage 21 a of the supply casing 21. And an electric motor 23 for rotating these screw blades 22 and a dust supply hopper 24 connected to a supply port 21b formed on the upper surface of one end side of the supply casing 21. A discharge port 21 c is formed in the lower surface on the other end side of the supply casing 21.

Next, the control apparatus of the said waste extrusion apparatus 5 and the waste supply apparatus 7 is demonstrated.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the control device 31 maintains the amount of dust in the waste supply hopper 24 in the waste supply device 7 as much as possible at a predetermined value, that is, a predetermined height (set value). In order to suppress the fluctuation of the amount of waste supplied into the conversion furnace 3 as much as possible and to prevent the passage of air and to suppress the generation of CO and dioxins generated in the gasification and melting equipment, simply speaking, Control is performed so that the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion device 5 is equal to the waste supply amount supplied (discharged) from the waste supply device 7 with the waste height in the waste supply hopper 24 maintained at a predetermined value. Is done.

As for the control in the dust extrusion device 5, the slide member 13 is reciprocated by a predetermined control cycle (also an extrusion cycle), and this control cycle is set by a timer (not shown). and a predetermined dwell time (also referred to as latency) t _w is a pressing time t ₁ for moving the slide member 13 from the extrusion start position to the extrusion end position, and the return time t ₂ back to the extrusion start position from the extrusion end position those made of, also press without adjusting for time and the return time, by adjusting the pause time t _w, the control of dust extrusion amount i.e. dust supply amount is performed.

In the control of the dwell time t _w, the extrusion volume in waste packing rate (serves as a correction value of the waste feed amount) and dust extrusion apparatus 5 in waste supply passage 21a in the casing 21 of the waste feeder 7 In addition, it is obtained based on a fuzzy rule and a fuzzy rule taking into consideration a fractal dimension, which will be described later, and the rest time _tw is adjusted using the obtained waste filling rate and extrusion capacity.

Description will now be made operational expression for calculating a pause time t _w.
The waste supply amount V _f per unit time (second) discharged from the waste supply device 7 is expressed by the following equation (1).

V _f = S · x · P · r / 60 (1)
However, S is a cross-sectional area of the screw blade 22, x is a dust filling rate (%) in the dust supply passage 21 a, P is a pitch of the screw blade 22, and r is a rotation speed per minute of the screw blade 22.

Therefore, per unit time obtained by dividing the extrusion capacity V _p (m ³ ) of the slide member 13 in one control cycle in the waste extrusion apparatus 5 by the control cycle (pause time t _w + pressing time t ₁ + returning time t ₂ ). since the extrusion volume _{[V p / (t w +} t 1 + t 2)] and the waste supply rate _{V f} per the unit time is equal to the determined pause time _{t w,} is as following equation (2).

_{t w = 60V p / (S} · P · x · r) -t 1 -t 2 ··· (2)
Next, the control device 31 for executing the above-described control will be described.
As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 31 is provided in a waste supply hopper 24 and can detect a height h in the hopper 24 (for example, an ultrasonic sensor is used). 32, an angle sensor 34 for detecting an inclination angle θ of a swing plate (also referred to as a flapper) 33 that is swingably provided in a vertical plane near the other end of the casing 21, and a tilt from the angle sensor 34 The filling rate fuzzy inference unit 35 for inputting the angle θ and obtaining the waste filling rate x in the waste supply passage 21a based on a fuzzy rule (specifically, a membership function as shown in FIG. 4 is used). And a deviation calculating unit 36 for calculating a deviation Δh which is a difference from a predetermined value by inputting the garbage height h detected by the height sensor 32, and a garbage height detected by the height sensor 32. Enter h and time series The fractal dimension calculation unit 37 for calculating the fractal dimension H of the height curve represented by the fractal dimension H obtained by the fractal dimension calculation unit 37 and the garbage height h obtained by the deviation calculation unit 36 are calculated. A capacity fuzzy inference unit 38 for obtaining a correction capacity V _p ′ which is a correction value obtained by inputting the deviation Δh and multiplying the extrusion capacity V _p by a correction coefficient based on a predetermined fuzzy rule (which is a control rule, which will be described later); The filling rate x obtained by the filling rate fuzzy reasoning unit 35 and the correction capacity V _p ′ obtained by the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit 38 are inputted and these values are substituted into the above equation (2) (however, , V _{p 'are} used in place of V _p), and a pause time calculation unit 39. seeking pause time t _w of the slide member 13. It should be noted that in this pause calculation time 39, the actual rotational speed of the screw blade 22 (specifically, a moving average value of the rotational speed actually measured by a tachometer is used), and in addition, Various values (S, P, t ₁ , t ₂ ) necessary for the calculation are input in advance.

In the filling rate fuzzy reasoning unit 35, an inclination angle θ [30 to 90 degrees (a vertical attitude is 0 degree and a horizontal attitude is 90 degrees)] of the swing plate 33 is input, and the tilt angle θ swings. It is converted into a plate opening (hereinafter referred to as flapper opening) (0 to 100%), and using this flapper opening, waste is generated based on the fuzzy rule schematically shown below for realizing the relationship of FIG. filling factor x is determined, ultimately, will be described later extrusion volume (V _p or V _{p ')} is input pause time pause time calculation unit 39 together with the t _w is determined.

if 30% <flapper opening <100%
then 0% <Garbage filling rate <100%
together then waste packing rate x the extrusion volume _{(V p} or _V p '), (2) determine the assignment to downtime _{t w} the equation.

Next, the fractal dimension calculation unit 37 will be described in detail.
First, the fractal dimension will be described (here, the fractal dimension is represented by k ₀ ).

The fractal dimension is derived from the Hausdorff measure. When a certain figure X is approximated by using a straight line of length (an example of a covering distance, hereinafter referred to as a diameter) d (specifically, a diameter If the number (the number of coatings) is N (d), the Hausdorff measure M _k (X) is expressed by the following equation (3).

そして、或る数ｋ_０において、種々の直径ｄと当該直径ｄに対する個数Ｎ（ｄ）との間に、下記（４）式に示すような比例関係があるとすると、下記（５）式が得られる。

If there is a proportional relationship as shown in the following equation (4) between various diameters d and the number N (d) with respect to the diameter d at a certain number k ₀ , the following equation (5) is obtained. can get.

但し、直径ｄと個数Ｎ（ｄ）との間に、上記（４）式の比例関係が成立するような値ｄが採用される。

However, a value d such that the proportional relationship of the above equation (4) is established between the diameter d and the number N (d) is adopted.

From the above equations (3) and (5), the Hausdorff measure M _k (X) of the graphic X is expressed by the following equation (6) when k = k ₀ .
Mk ₀ (X) ≈μ (6)
Then, the constant k ₀ in the above equation (6) is set as the fractal dimension.

By the way, the constant k ₀ can be obtained by taking the natural logarithm of both sides of the above equation (4).
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides of the above equation (4), the following equation (7) is obtained.

logN (d) = − k ₀ logd + logμ (7)
When logN (d) in this equation (7) is replaced with y and logd is replaced with x, the following equation (8) is obtained.

y = −k ₀ x + log μ (8)
Then, by calculating a regression line by substituting a plurality of actual measurement data into x (logd) and y (logN (d)), k ₀ is given as the slope of the regression line. Become.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the fractal dimension calculation unit 37 will be described in consideration of the above-described procedure.
As shown in FIG. 5, the fractal dimension calculation unit 37 is a time series of a plurality of dust height data (t, h) accumulated in a storage unit (not shown). A curve calculation unit 41 for obtaining a height curve (corresponding to the graphic X), a number calculation unit 42 for obtaining the number N (d) for various values of the diameter d for the height curve obtained by the curve calculation unit 41, A logarithmic computing unit 43 for obtaining the natural logarithm by inputting the value of each d and the number N (d) obtained by the number computing unit 42, and each of x and y obtained by the logarithmic computing unit 43 The dimension calculating unit 44 calculates H (fractal dimension) corresponding to the slope (numerical value) of the regression line based on the value.

A capacity fuzzy inference section 38 for calculating a correction capacity V _p ′ that is a correction value of the extrusion capacity V _p based on the fractal order H obtained by the fractal order calculation section 37 will be described.

In the capacity fuzzy inference unit 38, first, the fractal dimension H is divided into three stages (for example, small, medium, and large), and the deviation Δh of the garbage height h obtained by the deviation calculating unit 36 is divided into three stages (small, The correction coefficient (N, Z, P) for correcting the extrusion capacity Vp is obtained using the fuzzy rule shown in FIG. 7 and the correction capacity V _p ′ is output. In this fuzzy rule, N is smaller than the current value (for example, multiplied by a coefficient of 0.9), Z is not changed (that is, the coefficient is 1.0), and P is larger than the current value. (For example, multiplied by a factor of 1.1).

  As can be seen from the fuzzy rule shown in FIG. 7, when the value of the fractal dimension H is “small”, the control target system is stable and is subject to correction (correction). Is not stable, it is not subject to correction.

  When the value of the fractal dimension H is “small”, in the respective correction directions, that is, when the deviation Δh is small and the waste supply amount tends to decrease, “P (increase)” is caused, and the deviation Δh Is large and the amount of waste supply tends to increase, “N (decrease)”. Note that no correction is required when the deviation Δh is “medium”.

In particular, when the value of the fractal dimension H is “large”, the system is unstable (complex) and hunting occurs, so correction is not performed.
Next, the garbage supply amount control method will be described.

When waste is processed in this gasification and melting equipment, first, waste is introduced from the storage hopper into the receiving hopper 11 of the waste extrusion device 5, and the slide member 13 reciprocates to a predetermined amount (apparently the extrusion capacity V). ₍ the amount corresponding to _p ) is extruded to the crusher 1 one by one and crushed.

The waste crushed by the crusher 1 is transferred to the dehydrator 2 and dehydrated, and then transferred to the waste supply hopper 24 of the waste supply device 7 via the dust transfer conveyor device 6.
The waste introduced into the waste supply hopper 24 is continuously supplied to the dust pushing screw device 8 by the rotation of the two screw blades 22 and continuously supplied into the gasification furnace 3. .

  By the way, the amount of waste extruded from the waste extrusion device 5 (which corresponds to the extrusion capacity) is made equal to the amount of waste supplied from the waste supply device 7 to the gasification furnace 3 by the control device 31. In addition, the waste height h in the waste supply hopper 24 is controlled to be a predetermined value.

That is, the inclination angle θ detected by the angle sensor 34 of the swing plate 33 provided in the supply casing 21 of the dust supply device 7 is input to the filling rate fuzzy control unit 35, where it is converted into a flapper opening. When the opening is in the range of 30 to 100%, the garbage filling rate x is obtained based on the membership function and input to the downtime calculation unit 39, and based on the above equation (2) with at the determined pause time t _w, the slide member 13 is controlled.

  In parallel with this, the waste height h detected by the height sensor 32 provided in the waste supply hopper 24 is input to the deviation calculator 36 and the fractal dimension calculator 37, and the deviation Δh and time series are input. The fractal dimension H of the expressed height curve is calculated, and the deviation Δh and the fractal dimension H are input to the capacity fuzzy inference unit 38.

In this capacity fuzzy inference section 38, based on the fuzzy rules shown in FIG. 7, and the height of the deviation Δh in the case the value of the fractal dimension H is small when it is "small" and "large", the extrusion volume V _p A correction value, that is, a correction capacity V _p ′ is obtained.

Then, the corrected correction capacity V _p ′ is input as an extrusion capacity to the rest time calculation unit 39, and a rest time _tw is obtained by calculation based on the correction capacity V _p ′ and the dust filling rate x. cylinder device 14 for moving the slide member 13 based on the time t _w is controlled.

When the value of the fractal dimension H is “medium” or “large”, and when the value of the fractal dimension H is “small” and the height deviation Δh is “medium”, that is, when correction is not performed, capacity values of extrusion volume V _p uncorrected is used as it is. Specifically, the correction capacity value V _p is obtained using 1.0 as the correction value, or the extrusion capacity value V _p is used as it is without using the correction capacity itself.

FIG. 8 shows the amount of fluctuation of the dust height h when the control according to the present invention is performed (a) and when the conventional control is not performed (b).
As can be seen from FIG. 8, it can be seen that the amount of fluctuation in the control of the present invention is considerably reduced as compared with the case of the conventional control. For example, when the predetermined value (predetermined height) is 0.8, the average height is 1.46 in the case of the conventional control, whereas in the case of the control according to the present invention, the average height is 0. .82, which is very close to the predetermined height. When comparing the standard deviation, it is 0.58 in the case of the conventional control, but 0.38 in the control according to the present invention, which shows that the variation is small and the control performance is good. .

In addition, the structure of the principal part of the said waste supply amount control apparatus is shown below.
That is, the control device includes a waste extrusion device that reciprocates the slide member with a predetermined stroke in the waste extrusion passage to push the waste toward the crusher, and a hopper for supplying the waste crushed by the crusher. The waste height in the waste supply hopper in the waste incineration facility is provided with a waste supply device that is supplied to the incinerator by means of screw blades that are rotatably disposed in the waste supply passage. From the rest time, push time and return time of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus so that the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion apparatus and the waste supply amount in the waste supply apparatus become equal to a predetermined value. A waste supply control device for adjusting the pause time of the control cycle comprising:
A height sensor for detecting the height of dust in the dust supply hopper of the dust supply device;
A deviation calculator that inputs the garbage height detected by the height sensor and calculates a deviation of the garbage height from a predetermined value;
A fractal dimension calculation unit for inputting a dust height detected by the height sensor and calculating a fractal dimension indicating a degree of fluctuation of the height curve represented in time series;
The deviation obtained by the deviation calculator and the fractal dimension obtained by the fractal dimension calculator are input, and a correction capacity, which is a correction value of the extrusion capacity of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus, is obtained based on a predetermined fuzzy rule. A capacity fuzzy inference section ;
A correction time obtained by the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit is substituted for a predetermined calculation formula, and a pause time calculation unit for obtaining a pause time of the slide member is provided ,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit divides the fractal dimension into three stages of large, medium and small, and when it is small and the deviation of the height is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease Increase the waste supply amount, reduce the waste supply amount if the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, and do not correct the waste supply amount in other cases Rules
And an angle sensor for detecting an inclination angle of a swinging plate swingably provided in the dust supply passage of the dust supply device;
By inputting the inclination angle from this angle sensor, the filling rate, which is a correction value of the waste supply capacity in the waste supply passage, is obtained based on a curve indicating the relationship between the previously determined inclination angle and the waste filling rate. A fuzzy reasoning unit,
The downtime calculation unit is configured to obtain the downtime of the slide member by substituting the garbage filling rate obtained by the filling rate fuzzy inference unit and the corrected capacity obtained by the capacity fuzzy inference unit into a predetermined calculation formula. It is a thing.

The main part of the method for controlling the amount of waste supply can be expressed in the following steps as follows.
That is, in this method of controlling the amount of waste supply, a waste extrusion device that reciprocates a slide member with a predetermined stroke in a waste extrusion passage to push the waste toward the crusher side, and waste that has been crushed by the crusher In the waste incineration facility, the waste supply hopper includes a waste supply device which is guided through the waste supply hopper and is supplied to the incinerator by screw blades rotatably arranged in the waste supply passage. The rest time, pushing time, and return time of the slide member of the waste extrusion device so that the waste height becomes a predetermined value and the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion device is equal to the waste supply amount in the waste supply device. A waste supply control method for adjusting the pause time of a control cycle comprising time,
A deviation calculating step for obtaining a deviation from a predetermined value of the garbage height;
A fractal dimension calculating step for calculating a fractal dimension indicating the degree of fluctuation of a height curve representing the height of the dust in the dust supply hopper in time series;
A capacity inference step for obtaining a correction capacity that is a correction value of the extrusion capacity using a fuzzy rule with the deviation obtained in the deviation computation step and the fractal dimension obtained in the fractal dimension computation step as input values;
A subtraction time calculating step for substituting the correction capacity obtained in the capacity inference step into a predetermined arithmetic expression to obtain the downtime of the slide member ,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity inference step is to divide the fractal dimension into three stages of large, medium and small, and when it is small and the height deviation is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease. Increased the waste supply amount. When the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, the waste supply amount is decreased. In other cases, the waste supply amount is not corrected. It is a supply amount control method as a rule ,
Furthermore, when the garbage filling rate in the waste supply passage is obtained by inputting the inclination angle of the swing plate provided in the waste supply passage, the relationship between the inclination angle obtained in advance and the waste filling rate is shown. A filling rate inference step to be obtained based on the curve ,
In the downtime calculation step, the waste filling rate obtained in the filling rate inference step and the correction capacity obtained in the capacity inference step are substituted into a predetermined calculation formula to obtain the downtime of the slide member.

As described above, the dust filling rate x in the waste supply passage 21a of the waste supply device 7 close to the gasification furnace 3 is obtained from the inclination angle θ of the swing plate 33 using a predetermined fuzzy rule, that is, a membership function. At the same time, the fractal dimension H of the height curve representing the waste height h in the waste supply hopper 24 in the waste supply device 7 in time series and the deviation Δh of the waste height are inputted, and the waste is based on a predetermined fuzzy rule. A correction capacity V _p ′ which is a correction value of the extrusion capacity V _p of the slide member 13 in the extrusion device 5 is obtained, and the dust filling rate x and the correction capacity (if not corrected, the extrusion capacity V _p is used). by substituting V p _'to the predetermined arithmetic expression. Thus obtaining downtime t _w of the slide member 13 in the first control cycle in the garbage extruder 5, automatically, The waste height in the waste supply hopper 24 can be maintained at a predetermined value (predetermined height), and the waste supply amount from the waste supply device 7 can also be maintained at a predetermined value (predetermined amount). In addition, it is possible to surely prevent the dust from falling into the gasification furnace 3 and the air path due to the reduction of the dust in the waste supply hopper 24, so that the combustion state in the gasification furnace 3 is rapidly changed. Is suppressed. That is, the generation of harmful substances such as CO and dioxin in the gasifier can be suppressed constantly and reliably.

[Embodiment 2]
Next, a waste supply amount control device and a waste supply amount control method in the waste incineration facility according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be briefly described.

In Embodiment 1 described above, the waste filling rate x in the waste supply passage 21a is used when determining the downtime in the waste extrusion apparatus. However, in Embodiment 2 , the waste filling rate is used. Is not used ( corresponding to claims 1, 2 and 5 ).

That is, as shown in FIG. 9 , the waste supply amount control apparatus according to the second embodiment is obtained by deleting the angle sensor and the filling rate fuzzy inference unit from the configuration shown in FIG.
Note that the predetermined arithmetic expression used in the rest time calculating unit 39 [(2)], remove the garbage filling factor x, it may be treated as 1.0.

The waste supply amount control apparatus and the waste supply amount control method according to the second embodiment will be briefly described as follows.
That is, as for the control device, a waste extrusion device that reciprocates the slide member with a predetermined stroke in the waste extrusion passage and pushes the waste toward the crusher, and a hopper for supplying the waste crushed by the crusher to the waste supply The waste height in the waste supply hopper in the waste incineration facility is provided with a waste supply device that is supplied to the incinerator by means of screw blades that are rotatably disposed in the waste supply passage. From the rest time, push time and return time of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus so that the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion apparatus and the waste supply amount in the waste supply apparatus become equal to a predetermined value. A waste supply control device for adjusting the pause time of the control cycle comprising:
A height sensor for detecting the height of dust in the dust supply hopper of the dust supply device;
A deviation calculator that inputs the garbage height detected by the height sensor and calculates a deviation of the garbage height from a predetermined value;
A fractal dimension calculation unit for inputting a dust height detected by the height sensor and calculating a fractal dimension indicating a degree of fluctuation of the height curve represented in time series;
The deviation obtained by the deviation calculator and the fractal dimension obtained by the fractal dimension calculator are input, and a correction capacity, which is a correction value of the extrusion capacity of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus, is obtained based on a predetermined fuzzy rule. A capacity fuzzy inference section ;
A correction time obtained by the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit is substituted for a predetermined calculation formula, and a pause time calculation unit for obtaining a pause time of the slide member is provided ,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit is divided into three stages of large, medium and small in the fractal dimension, and when it is small and the height deviation is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease Increase the waste supply amount, reduce the waste supply amount if the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, and do not correct the waste supply amount in other cases Rules
Moreover predetermined arithmetic expression for determining the dwell time t _w is obtained by the following equation.
_{t w = 60V p / (S} · P · r) -t 1 -t 2
In the above formula, the extrusion volume of V _p Wagomi extruder, S is the cross-sectional area of the screw vane, P is the pitch of the screw vane, r is revolutions per minute of the screw vane, t ₁ is the time pushing the slide member, t ₂ Is the return time of the slide member.

In addition, as for the control method, a waste extrusion device that reciprocates the slide member with a predetermined stroke in the waste extrusion passage and pushes the waste toward the crusher side, and a hopper for supplying the waste crushed by the crusher to the waste supply The waste height in the waste supply hopper in the waste incineration facility is provided with a waste supply device that is supplied to the incinerator by means of screw blades that are rotatably disposed in the waste supply passage. Control composed of a pause time, a pushing time, and a returning time of the slide member of the waste extrusion device so that the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion device and the waste supply amount in the waste supply device are equal to each other so that a predetermined value is obtained. A waste supply control method for adjusting the above-mentioned pause time of a cycle,
A deviation calculating step for obtaining a deviation from a predetermined value of the garbage height;
A fractal dimension calculating step for calculating a fractal dimension indicating the degree of fluctuation of a height curve representing the height of the dust in the dust supply hopper in time series;
A capacity inference step for obtaining a correction capacity that is a correction value of the extrusion capacity using a fuzzy rule with the deviation obtained in the deviation computation step and the fractal dimension obtained in the fractal dimension computation step as input values;
A subtraction time calculating step for substituting the correction capacity obtained in the capacity inference step into a predetermined arithmetic expression to obtain the downtime of the slide member,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity inference step is divided into three stages, large, medium and small, with the fractal dimension being small, and when the height deviation is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease. Increased the waste supply amount. When the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, the waste supply amount is decreased. In other cases, the waste supply amount is not corrected. It is a ruled method.

In the waste supply control device and the waste supply control method according to the second embodiment described above, the waste height in the waste supply hopper is automatically set to a predetermined value (predetermined height) as in the first embodiment. The amount of waste supplied from the waste supply device can be maintained at a predetermined value (predetermined amount). Therefore, the waste spilling phenomenon into the incinerator and the waste supply hopper are always and reliably maintained. Since the air path due to the reduction of waste is prevented, rapid changes in the combustion state in the incinerator are suppressed.

It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the gasification-melting equipment (garbage incineration equipment) to which the waste supply amount control apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention is applied. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the waste supply amount control apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the waste supply amount control apparatus. It is a graph which shows the membership function used in the filling rate fuzzy reasoning part of the garbage supply amount control apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the fractal dimension calculating part in the waste supply amount control apparatus. It is a graph which shows the height curve of the garbage used as the calculation object in the same fractal dimension calculating part. It is a figure which shows the fuzzy rule used in the capacity | capacitance fuzzy reasoning part of the waste supply amount control apparatus. It is a figure which shows the variation | change_quantity of the garbage height with the case where it does not use with the case where the waste supply amount control method which concerns on this invention is used, (a) is the case of this invention used, (b) is the conventional case where it is not used Indicates. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the refuse supply amount control apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Dehydrator 3 Gasification furnace 4 Melting furnace 5 Waste extrusion device 7 Waste supply device 12 Extrusion casing 12a Waste extrusion passage 13 Slide member 14 Cylinder device 21 Supply casing 21a Waste supply passage 22 Screw blade 23 Garbage Supply hopper 31 Control device 32 Angle sensor 33 Swing plate 34 Height sensor 35 Filling rate fuzzy inference unit 36 Deviation calculation unit 37 Fractal dimension calculation unit 38 Capacity fuzzy inference unit 39 Rest time calculation unit

Claims (6)

A waste extrusion device that pushes the waste toward the crusher by reciprocating the slide member with a predetermined stroke in the waste extrusion passage, and guiding the waste crushed by the crusher through the waste supply hopper and supplying the waste In a waste incineration facility equipped with a waste supply device for supplying into an incinerator by means of screw blades that are rotatably arranged in the passage for the waste, the waste height in the waste supply hopper is a predetermined value, and The pause time of the control cycle consisting of the pause time, push time and return time of the slide member in the waste extrusion device so that the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion device and the waste supply amount in the waste supply device are equal. A waste supply amount control device adapted to adjust
A height sensor for detecting the height of dust in the dust supply hopper of the dust supply device;
A deviation calculator that inputs the garbage height detected by the height sensor and calculates a deviation of the garbage height from a predetermined value;
A fractal dimension calculation unit for inputting a dust height detected by the height sensor and calculating a fractal dimension indicating a degree of fluctuation of the height curve represented in time series;
The deviation obtained by the deviation calculator and the fractal dimension obtained by the fractal dimension calculator are input, and a correction capacity, which is a correction value of the extrusion capacity of the slide member in the waste extrusion apparatus, is obtained based on a predetermined fuzzy rule. A capacity fuzzy inference section ;
A correction time obtained by the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit is substituted for a predetermined calculation formula, and a pause time calculation unit for obtaining a pause time of the slide member is provided ,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity fuzzy reasoning unit divides the fractal dimension into three stages of large, medium and small, and when it is small and the deviation of the height is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease Increase the waste supply amount, reduce the waste supply amount if the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, and do not correct the waste supply amount in other cases dust supply amount control apparatus in waste incineration facility, which is a rule. Predetermined arithmetic expression for determining the dwell time t _w is,
_{t w = 60V p / (S} · P · r) -t 1 -t 2
(In the above formula, the extrusion volume of V _p Wagomi extruder, S is the cross-sectional area of the screw vane, P is the pitch of the screw vane, r is revolutions per minute of the screw vane, t ₁ is pressed time of the slide member, t ₂ is the return time of the slide member)
The waste supply amount control device in the waste incineration facility according to claim 1 , wherein An angle sensor for detecting an inclination angle of a swinging plate provided swingably in a dust supply passage of the dust supply device;
By inputting the inclination angle from this angle sensor, the filling rate , which is a correction value of the waste supply capacity in the waste supply passage, is obtained based on a curve indicating the relationship between the previously determined inclination angle and the waste filling rate. A fuzzy reasoning unit,
The downtime calculation unit substitutes the waste filling rate obtained by the filling rate fuzzy inference unit and the corrected capacity obtained by the capacity fuzzy inference unit into a predetermined calculation formula to obtain the downtime of the slide member. The waste supply amount control device in the waste incineration facility according to claim 1 . Predetermined arithmetic expression for determining the dwell time t _w is,
_{t w = 60V p / (S} · P · x · r) -t 1 -t 2
(In the above formula, the extrusion volume of V _p Wagomi extruder, S is the cross-sectional area of the screw blade, dust filling rate in the x Wagomi supply passage, P is the pitch of the screw vane, r is per minute of the screw blade (Number of rotations, t ₁ is the pushing time of the sliding member, and t ₂ is the returning time of the sliding member)
The waste supply amount control apparatus in the waste incineration facility according to claim 3 , wherein A waste extrusion device that pushes the waste toward the crusher by reciprocating the slide member with a predetermined stroke in the waste extrusion passage, and guiding the waste crushed by the crusher through the waste supply hopper and supplying the waste In a waste incineration facility equipped with a waste supply device for supplying into an incinerator by means of screw blades that are rotatably arranged in the passage for the waste, the waste height in the waste supply hopper is a predetermined value, and The pause time of the control cycle consisting of the pause time, push time, and return time of the slide member of the waste extrusion device is adjusted so that the waste extrusion amount in the waste extrusion device is equal to the waste supply amount in the waste supply device. A method for controlling the amount of waste supply,
A deviation calculating step for obtaining a deviation from a predetermined value of the garbage height;
A fractal dimension calculating step for calculating a fractal dimension indicating the degree of fluctuation of a height curve representing the height of the dust in the dust supply hopper in time series;
A capacity inference step for obtaining a correction capacity that is a correction value of the extrusion capacity using a fuzzy rule with the deviation obtained in the deviation computation step and the fractal dimension obtained in the fractal dimension computation step as input values;
A subtraction time calculating step for substituting the correction capacity obtained in the capacity inference step into a predetermined arithmetic expression to obtain the downtime of the slide member ,
The fuzzy rule in the capacity inference step is to divide the fractal dimension into three stages of large, medium and small, and when it is small and the height deviation is small and the amount of waste supply tends to decrease. Increased the waste supply amount. When the above height deviation is large and the waste supply amount is increasing, the waste supply amount is decreased. In other cases, the waste supply amount is not corrected. A method for controlling the amount of waste supply in a waste incineration facility, characterized by rules . The dust filling factor in waste supply path, when obtaining by entering the inclination angle of the rocking plate provided on the dust supply path, the curve showing the relationship between the previously obtained inclination angle and garbage packing ratio A filling rate inference step to be obtained based on
In the downtime calculation step, the waste filling rate obtained in the filling rate inference step and the correction capacity obtained in the capacity inference step are substituted into a predetermined arithmetic expression to obtain the downtime of the slide member. 6. A method for controlling the amount of waste supply in a waste incineration facility according to claim 5 ,

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