JP4334532B2 - Rudder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rudder. More specifically, the present invention relates to a rudder that is provided on the stern bottom of a ship and is used to maintain the course of the ship and change the course.

  In order to improve the steerability of a ship, a larger rudder area is preferable because the rudder force is larger and the rudder resistance increases when the rudder area is larger. It is said to be about 1/55 to 1/60 of the product between the length of the vertical line of the ship and the full draft.

However, when navigating in and out of a ship or at the time of berthing / leaving, a larger steering force is preferable for safe sailing. Therefore, as a technique for increasing the steering force while preventing an increase in rudder resistance when going straight, Conventional Example 1 ( The rudder of Patent Document 1) has been developed.
The rudder of Conventional Example 1 includes a pair of plate-like flaps stored in the rear part of the rudder plate. In this rudder, if the pair of plate-like flaps is kept in the retracted state, the propulsion performance similar to that of the conventional rudder can be maintained when going straight, and the rudder resistance increases if the trailing edge of the flap is opened. Sufficient steering force can be obtained even when steering in the navigation state.

However, in the rudder of the conventional example 1, the flow around the rudder is greatly disturbed by opening the flap, and the rudder resistance increases rapidly. Therefore, there is a possibility that the boat speed rapidly decreases during normal voyage. is there.
In addition, since a movable mechanism such as a hinge portion, a return spring, and a wire must be provided inside the rudder, the structure of the rudder becomes complicated, and maintenance of the movable mechanism is difficult.

Japanese Patent No. 3322510

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a rudder that can reliably increase rudder force without greatly disturbing the flow around the rudder during turning, has a simple rudder structure, and high maintainability. .

A rudder according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a main body rudder rotatably attached to a hull, a movable rudder provided so as to be able to protrude and retract from a rear end of the main body rudder, A control mechanism having a guide groove, which is provided above the main rudder and fixed to the hull, and a tip is inserted into the guide groove of the control board. And a guide pin fixed to the upper end of the movable rudder. The guide groove of the control plate has a groove center line that is a convex curve toward the rotating shaft side of the main rudder. It is characterized by being formed.
Rudder second invention is the first invention, the lower end of the movable rudder, the body steering, rotatable around a rotation axis perpendicular to the rotational axis and a plane including the center line of the body rudder body rudder It is attached so that it may become .
A rudder according to a third aspect of the present invention is a main rudder rotatably attached to a hull, a movable rudder provided so as to be able to appear and retract from the rear end of the main rudder, A control mechanism having a guide groove, which is provided below the main rudder and fixed to the hull, and a tip is inserted into the guide groove of the control board. And a guide pin fixed to the lower end of the movable rudder. The guide groove of the control plate has a groove center line that is a convex curve toward the rotating shaft side of the main rudder. It is characterized by being formed.

According to the first invention, when the main rudder is rotated so that the rudder angle becomes large, the guide pin moves along the guide groove. Since the guide groove is formed so that its center line is a convex curve toward the swing shaft side, the guide pin moves away from the hull center line and away from the rotation axis, along with the guide pin. The movable rudder also moves in a direction away from the rotation axis. Conversely, when the main rudder is rotated so that the rudder angle becomes smaller, the guide pin moves toward the rotation axis while approaching the hull center line along the guide groove. Move towards. Therefore, only by rotating the main body rudder, the movable rudder can be moved closer to and away from the rotation axis, in other words, can appear and disappear from the main body rudder. And since the movable rudder is housed in the main rudder when going straight, the rudder resistance can be reduced, and when turning, the movable rudder protrudes from the main rudder, so the rudder force is increased even during low speed navigation be able to. Moreover, since the movable mechanism is composed of only the control plate and the guide pins, the structure is simple and maintenance is easy.
If the movable rudder appears and disappears with respect to the main body rudder, the area of the rudder can be changed. Then, if the movable rudder is accommodated in the main rudder when going straight, the rudder resistance can be reduced, and if the movable rudder protrudes from the main rudder, the steering force can be increased even when turning at low speeds. can do.
According to the second invention, if the guide pin moves along the guide groove, the upper end of the movable rudder can be protruded from the main body rudder. And since the movement to the axial direction of a main body rudder is restrained with respect to the main body rudder at the lower end of a movable rudder, a movable rudder can be made to appear stably.
According to the third invention, when the main rudder is rotated so that the rudder angle becomes large, the guide pin moves along the guide groove. Since the guide groove is formed so that its center line is a convex curve toward the swing shaft side, the guide pin moves away from the hull center line and away from the rotation axis, along with the guide pin. The movable rudder also moves in a direction away from the rotation axis. Conversely, when the main rudder is rotated so that the rudder angle becomes smaller, the guide pin moves toward the rotation axis while approaching the hull center line along the guide groove. Move towards. Therefore, only by rotating the main body rudder, the movable rudder can be moved closer to and away from the rotation axis, in other words, can appear and disappear from the main body rudder. And since the movable rudder is housed in the main rudder when going straight, the rudder resistance can be reduced, and when turning, the movable rudder protrudes from the main rudder, so the rudder force is increased even during low speed navigation be able to. Moreover, since the movable mechanism is composed of only the control plate and the guide pins, the structure is simple and maintenance is easy.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a rudder 10 of the present embodiment, where (A) is a perspective view and (B) is a plan view. FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the stern portion of the ship 1 provided with the rudder 10 of the present embodiment. 3A is a schematic plan view of a state in which the main rudder 11 and the movable rudder 12 are combined, FIG. 3B is a schematic single plan view of the main rudder 11, and FIG. 3C is a schematic single unit of the movable rudder 12. It is a top view. FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic explanatory views when the main body rudder 11 is turned in the rudder 10 of the present embodiment, where FIG. 4A is a perspective view and FIG. 4B is a plan view.

  In FIG. 2, symbol S indicates a screw provided on the stern bottom of the ship 1. Behind this screw S, the rudder 10 of this embodiment is provided.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rudder 10 of this embodiment includes a pair of upper and lower control plates 21 and 25. The pair of upper and lower control plates 21 and 25 are fixed to the hull of the ship 1 while the upper control plate 25 is fixed via a strut 1b, and the lower control plate 21 is fixed via a shoe piece 1a. A method for fixing the pair of upper and lower control plates 21 and 25 is not particularly limited.
Note that it is preferable that the strut 1b has a shape as shown in FIG. 2B because an increase in resistance due to the provision of the strut 1b can be prevented.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a main rudder 11 and a movable rudder 12 are disposed between the pair of upper and lower control plates 21 and 25.
As shown in FIG. 3, the main body rudder 11 has an airfoil shape symmetrical with respect to the center line L <b> 1, and includes an accommodation groove 11 h that is recessed from the rear end toward the front end. The housing groove 11h is formed so as to be symmetrical with respect to the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 in a plan view, in other words, the center axis coincides with the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 in a plan view.
In the housing groove 11h of the main body rudder 11, a movable rudder 12 having an airfoil shape symmetrical to the center line L2 is housed. The movable rudder 12 is arranged so that its center line L2 coincides with the center axis of the housing groove 11h, that is, the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11, and in the axial direction of the housing groove 11h. It can be moved along, in other words, accommodated so as to be able to appear and retract from the rear end of the main body rudder 11.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of upper and lower guide walls 11p and 11p for restricting the movement of the movable rudder 12 in the vertical direction are provided on both upper and lower ends of the accommodation groove 11h of the main body rudder 11. The upper and lower ends of the movable rudder 12 are guided and moved by the pair of upper and lower guide walls 11p and 11p. A guide groove that is coaxial with the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 passing through the upper and lower sides of the pair of upper and lower guide walls 11p and 11p is formed along the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11. The guide pin 22 of the movable rudder 12 mentioned later is penetrated.
The pair of upper and lower guide walls 11p, 11p are formed integrally with the main body rudder 11. However, a pair of upper and lower guide plates formed separately from the main body rudder 11 are provided at the upper end and the lower end of the main body rudder 11. Also good.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the front end portion of the main body rudder 11 is attached to a ladder stock 13 connected to a steering device (not shown). The ladder stock 13 passes through the upper control plate 21 and is provided so as to be rotatable around its central axis with respect to the control plate 21 and the hull of the ship 1.
And the ladder stock 13 is arrange | positioned so that the center axis may be located in the vertical plane (henceforth hull longitudinal cross section PS) containing the hull centerline of the ship 1 (FIG. 1 (B)). The main body rudder 11 is arranged so that the center line L1 is located in a plane including the center axis of the ladder stock 13.

  Since it has the above configuration, if the ladder stock 13 is rotated by a steering device (not shown), the angle formed by the center line L1 of the main rudder 11 with respect to the hull longitudinal section PS, that is, the rudder angle can be changed. It can be done. Specifically, if the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 coincides with the hull longitudinal section PS, the ship 1 can be moved straight, and the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 can be angled with respect to the hull longitudinal section PS. If so, the ship 1 can be turned.

  When the ship 1 has a plurality of rudder 10, it goes without saying that the center axis of the ladder stock 13 may not be located in the hull longitudinal section PS. The center axis of the ladder stock 13 may be positioned on a plane parallel to the hull longitudinal section PS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a guide pin 22 is erected on the upper end of the movable rudder 12 behind the ladder stock 13. The center axis of the guide pin 22 is parallel to the center axis of the ladder stock 13 and the center line L1 of the main rudder 11 is positioned on the hull longitudinal section PS. It arrange | positions so that it may be located on the longitudinal cross-section PS (FIG. 1 (B)).

The guide pin 22 is inserted into the guide groove of the upper guide wall 11p, and the tip of the guide pin 22 is formed at a position behind the ladder stock 13 in the upper control plate 21 and penetrates in the vertical direction. It is inserted into the groove 21h. The guide groove 21h is formed so that its width is slightly larger than the diameter of the guide pin 22.
The guide groove 21h has a groove center line 21s that is a convex arc shape toward the ladder stock 13, the center of the arc is behind the ladder stock 13, and the hull longitudinal section PS. It is formed so as to be located above. That is, the guide groove 21h is formed such that the distance from the ladder stock 13 is the shortest at a position intersecting the hull longitudinal section PS, and the distance from the ladder stock 13 is increased as the distance from the hull longitudinal section PS is increased. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a guide pin 26 coaxial with the guide pin 22 is provided at the lower end of the movable rudder 12, and the guide pin 26 is inserted into the guide groove of the lower guide wall 11p. The tip is inserted into a guide groove 25h provided in the lower control plate 25. The guide groove 25h has the same shape as the guide groove 21h of the control plate 21, and is formed at a position corresponding to the guide groove 21h of the control plate 21. That is, the guide groove 25h is formed to have a shape in which the guide groove 21h is projected onto the control plate 25 along the central axis direction of the ladder stock 13.

Next, an operation situation when the rudder angle of the rudder 10 of the present embodiment is changed will be described.
Since the guide pin 22 and the guide pin 26 move substantially in the same manner, only the movement of the guide pin 22 will be described.

When the rudder stock 13 is rotated by operating a steering device (not shown), the main rudder 11 rotates with respect to the hull, and the movable rudder 12 also rotates around the central axis of the ladder stock 13 together with the main rudder 11. At this time, the guide pin 22 provided at the upper end of the movable rudder 12 also moves together with the movable rudder 12, but the upper end of the guide pin 22 is inserted into the guide groove 21h of the control plate 21 fixed to the hull of the ship 1. Since it is inserted, the guide pin 22 moves along the guide groove 21h. Since the guide groove 21h has the center line 21s as described above, the guide pin 22 moves away from the hull longitudinal section PS and away from the ladder stock 13 when the rudder angle of the main body rudder 11 increases. To do. Then, the movable rudder 12 is moved away from the rudder stock 13 together with the guide pin 22, that is, in the direction of the center line L 1 of the main body rudder 11 and moves toward the rear of the main body rudder 11. 11 can be projected (FIG. 4).
Conversely, when the main rudder 11 is rotated so that the rudder angle becomes smaller, the guide pin 22 moves so as to approach the hull longitudinal section PS and also to the ladder stock 13. Also move toward the rudder stock 13, that is, in the direction of the center line L 1 of the main body rudder 11 and toward the front of the main body rudder 11, and accommodate the movable rudder 12 in the housing groove 11 h of the main body rudder 11. (Fig. 1).

Therefore, according to the rudder 10 of the present embodiment, the main body rudder 11 is disposed so that the rudder angle is eliminated when traveling straight, that is, the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 is disposed on the hull longitudinal section PS. The movable rudder 12 is in a state closest to the ladder stock 13. Then, since the protrusion amount from the main body rudder 11 becomes the smallest, a rudder area becomes small and rudder resistance can be made small.
At the time of turning, when the rudder angle of the main body rudder 11 becomes large, that is, when the main rudder 11 is tilted from the center line L 1, the movable rudder 12 is farthest from the ladder stock 13. Then, since the movable rudder 12 protrudes from the main body rudder 11, the rudder area increases and the rudder resistance can be increased. The guide groove 21h has the center line 21s as described above, and the protrusion amount of the movable rudder 12 increases as the rudder angle of the main body rudder 11 increases, so that the rudder angle of the main body rudder 11 increases. Rudder area increases. Therefore, the increase rate of the steering force with respect to the increase amount of the steering angle can be increased.
In addition, the main body rudder 11 and the movable rudder 12 are both wing-shaped symmetrical with respect to the center lines L1 and L2, respectively, and the center line L2 of the movable rudder 12 moves along the axial direction of the housing groove 11h. Since it is possible, even if the movable rudder 12 appears and disappears, as a whole, the wing-like shape symmetrical to the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 is maintained.
Therefore, since the rudder cross section formed by the main body rudder 11 and the movable rudder 12 is always kept in a streamlined shape, it is possible to prevent the rudder resistance from rapidly increasing even if the movable rudder 12 is raised and lowered. It is possible to prevent the ship speed from rapidly decreasing.

Further, the movable rudder 12 is provided so as to be able to appear and retract with respect to the main body rudder 11, the guide pin 22 provided on the movable rudder 12 is inserted into the guide groove 21 h of the control plate 21, and the movable rudder 12 is driven by the power to rotate the main body rudder 11. Since it is only projected and retracted and does not have a special drive device for projecting and retracting the movable rudder 12, the structure of the rudder 10 is simple, and maintenance is facilitated.
The guide pins 22 and the control plate 21 are movable mechanisms referred to in the claims.

The length of the guide groove 21h, that is, the range in which the guide groove 21h is provided is not particularly limited as long as the movable rudder 12 can be moved by the driving force of the steering device.
Furthermore, the guide groove 21 is formed such that the distance from the ladder stock 13 is the shortest at a position intersecting the hull longitudinal section PS, and the distance from the ladder stock 13 is increased as the distance from the hull longitudinal section PS is increased. Moreover, it is sufficient that the guide pin 22 has a shape that can smoothly move along the guide groove 21 when the main body rudder 11 rotates, and the center line 21s does not have to have an arc shape.
Furthermore, the guide groove 21 may be formed so that the movable rudder 12 does not move relative to the main body rudder 11 until a certain rudder angle. In this case, the rudder resistance is reduced when the rudder angle is small. It can be prevented from becoming large. Specifically, if the guide groove 21 is formed to be a part of an arc centered on the central axis of the ladder stock 13 up to a certain angle range of the groove center line 21s, a movable rudder is provided between the parts. 12 does not move relative to the main rudder 11 (see FIG. 7A), and the movable rudder 12 exceeding the range can be moved relative to the main rudder 11 (see FIG. 7B).

  Furthermore, if the pair of upper and lower control plates 21 and 25 are provided as described above and the guide pins 22 and 26 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the movable rudder 12, the movable rudder 12 can be stably projected and retracted. Only one of the guide pin and the guide pin may be used.

5 and 6, only the upper control plate 21 and the guide pin 22 are provided, and the lower rear end of the movable rudder 12 is connected to the center axis of the ladder stock 13 and the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11. You may attach via the rotating shaft 30 orthogonal to the surface (center surface) to contain. If the movable rudder 12 is rotatable about the rotation shaft 30, the movable rudder 12 rotates about the rotation shaft 30 when the guide pin 22 approaches and separates from the ladder stock 13. An upper end part can be made to appear from the back of the main body rudder 11, and a rudder area can be changed.
If the guide pin 22 is fixed to the upper end of the movable rudder 12 in the configuration as described above, the guide pin 22 rotates around the rotation axis 30 together with the movable rudder 12, and the central axis thereof is the ladder stock 13. Although tilted with respect to the central axis, if the base end of the guide pin 22 can be rotated around an axis perpendicular to the central plane, the central axis of the guide pin 22 is kept parallel to the central axis of the ladder stock 13. Can be moved along the guide groove 21h.

Next, the structures of the main body rudder 11 and the movable rudder 12 will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 3, the main body rudder 11 has a substantially streamlined cross-sectional view, and is formed in a shape substantially equivalent to that of a normal rudder except that a housing groove 11 h is formed. The housing groove 11h of the main body rudder 11 has inner surfaces 11a, 11b facing each other parallel to each other and parallel to the central axis of the housing groove 11h, that is, a distance between them, that is, a movable rudder 12 whose width W1 of the housing groove 11 is described later. It is formed to be approximately equal to the maximum width W2.

The movable rudder 12 includes a front portion 12A that is a pair of parallel planes 12a and 12b, and a rear portion 12B that is a pair of curved surfaces 12s and 12s whose side surfaces are continuous from the side surfaces 12a and 12b of the front portion 12A. It is configured.
And the length D2 of this front side part is formed so that it may become the length equivalent to the length D1 of the accommodation groove | channel 11h of the main body rudder 11. FIG.
The rear portion 12B of the movable rudder 12 is formed such that the distance between the curved surfaces 12s and 12s becomes shorter as the curved portions 12s and 12s move rearward from the connecting portions with the front portions 12a and 12b. When the movable rudder 12 is housed in the housing groove 11h, the pair of side surfaces 11s of the main body rudder 11 and the curved surfaces 12s, 12s of the movable rudder 12 are formed to be smoothly continuous.

Since the main rudder 11 and the movable rudder 12 are formed in the shape as described above, only the rear portion 12B of the movable rudder 12 is the rear end of the main rudder 11 when the movable rudder 12 is accommodated in the accommodation groove 11h. In addition, the rudder resistance when traveling straight can be made equivalent to that of a normal rudder.
The front portion 12A of the movable rudder 12 is formed such that the distance between a pair of parallel planes 12a and 12b, that is, its width W2, is slightly shorter than the width W1 of the housing groove 11h of the main body rudder 11. Therefore, even if the movable rudder 12 protrudes from the main rudder 11, there is no abrupt shape change between the rear end of the main rudder 11 and the front portion 12A of the movable rudder 12. It does not occur, and the increase in eddy resistance can be suppressed.
And even if the movable rudder 12 appears and disappears, the rudder cross section formed by the main body rudder 11 and the movable rudder 12 is maintained as a wing-like shape symmetrical to the center line L1 of the main body rudder 11 as a whole. Since it is always maintained in a streamlined shape, it is possible to prevent the rudder resistance from rapidly increasing even if the movable rudder 12 is raised and lowered, and to prevent the ship speed from rapidly decreasing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic single-piece explanatory drawing of the rudder 10 of this embodiment, Comprising: (A) is a perspective view, (B) is a top view. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the stern part in the ship 1 provided with the rudder 10 of this embodiment. (A) is a schematic plan view of a state in which the main rudder 11 and the movable rudder 12 are combined, (B) is a schematic single plan view of the main rudder 11, and (C) is a schematic single plan view of the movable rudder 12. is there. In the rudder 10 of this embodiment, it is a schematic single-piece explanatory drawing when the main body rudder 11 is turned, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is a top view. It is a schematic single-piece explanatory drawing of the rudder 10 of this embodiment, (A) is a top view, (B) is a side view. In the rudder 10 of this embodiment, it is a schematic single-piece explanatory drawing when the main body rudder 11 is turned, (A) is a top view, (B) is a BB line arrow view of (A). . It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the rudder 10 of this embodiment provided with the guide groove 21h of other embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ship 10 Rudder 11 Main body rudder 11h Accommodation groove 12 Movable rudder 21 Control board 21h Guide groove 21s Groove center line 22 Guide pin

Claims (3)

A main rudder attached to the hull for rotation;
A movable rudder provided so as to be able to appear and retract from the rear end of the main body rudder,
The movable rudder is made up and down with respect to the main body rudder, and includes a movable mechanism that changes the rudder area in a wide and narrow manner.
The movable mechanism is
A control plate provided above the main rudder and fixed to the hull, having a guide groove;
The distal end is inserted into the guide groove of the control plate, and the proximal end is composed of a guide pin fixed to the upper end of the movable rudder,
The guide groove of the control plate is formed so that the groove center line becomes a convex curve toward the rotation shaft side of the main body rudder. The lower end of the movable rudder is
The rudder according to claim 1, wherein the rudder is attached to the main body rudder so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis orthogonal to a plane including a rotation axis of the main body rudder and a center line of the main body rudder. A main rudder attached to the hull for rotation;
A movable rudder provided so as to be able to appear and retract from the rear end of the main body rudder,
The movable rudder is made up and down with respect to the main body rudder, and includes a movable mechanism that changes the rudder area in a wide and narrow manner.
The movable mechanism is
A control plate provided below the main rudder and fixed to the hull, having a guide groove;
The distal end is inserted into the guide groove of the control plate, and the proximal end is composed of a guide pin fixed to the lower end of the movable rudder,
The guide groove of the control plate is formed so that the groove center line becomes a convex curve toward the rotation shaft side of the main body rudder.

Images