JP4320700B2 - Apparatus and method for detoxifying carbon-containing material - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detoxifying carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when carbonized materials are produced by carbonizing carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources by a carbonization device, dioxins are generated during the carbonization process, and Since the generated material is about 70% carbide and the remaining 30% is residue, this newly generated residue is usually stored in a final disposal site that has been established as new waste. There is only a means for landfill disposal, which causes an increase in processing costs.
[0003]
In particular, when the residue contains a hazardous substance such as heavy metal, the residue is solidified by, for example, chelate solidification treatment or cement solidification treatment and then buried in the final disposal site. In order to prevent sewage containing harmful substances in the material from penetrating directly into the basement, for example, a thick rubber sheet is laid on the landfill site, and a non-woven fabric (for example, urethane) is placed on the landfill site. It was necessary to spray mortar, which further increased processing costs.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to detoxify a carbon-containing material that can effectively detoxify harmful substances including dioxin generated when carbonizing carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources. It is to provide an apparatus and method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the carbon-containing material detoxification method of the present invention carbonizes carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources with a carbonization device, and decomposes it into carbonized gas and carbide. At the same time, after adsorbing at least a part of the harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas to the carbide, the carbide adsorbing the harmful substances is melted in a high-temperature liquid material of 1000 ° C or higher in a reducing gasification melting furnace. The reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace is supplied to the carbonizing apparatus as a gasification accelerator for promoting the generation of the carbonizing gas. When the mixed gas contains a harmful substance, the mixed gas is used as a fuel gas for the reductive gasification and melting furnace together with the harmful substance. When the mixed gas does not contain a harmful substance, the gas turbine directly connected to the generator is used. It is to be used as a combustion gas .
[0006]
In addition, the carbon-containing material detoxification treatment apparatus of the present invention is a reductive gasification and melting method in which waste is melted at a high temperature at 1000 ° C or higher to form a high-temperature liquid material, and oxygen-containing gas generated in the furnace is reductively gasified. At least one for producing a carbide that adsorbs a carbonized gas and harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas by carbonizing and decomposing the furnace and the waste (however, the waste containing carbon only) And at least a part of the carbide produced by the carbonization device is used as fuel for the reductive gasification melting furnace and dissolved in a high-temperature liquid material together with adsorbed harmful substances to make it harmless There is to do.
[0007]
Further, the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace is supplied into the carbonization apparatus as a gasification accelerator for promoting the generation of the carbonized gas .
[0008]
At this time, if the mixed gas of carbonized gas and reducing gas in the carbonizer contains harmful substances, the mixed gas is used as a fuel gas for the reducing gasification melting furnace together with the harmful substances, and does not contain any harmful substances. Is used as a combustion gas for a gas turbine or the like directly connected to a generator .
[0009]
In addition, use the exhaust heat from the generator and the exhaust heat from the reductive gasification melting furnace as a heat source for carbonization pretreatment such as drying, crushing, granulation, etc. More preferably, steam is recovered from the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace, and the recovered steam is injected into the reduction gasification melting furnace to reform the reducing gas in the furnace. is there.
[0010]
Furthermore, it is preferable that solids other than carbides generated from the carbon-containing material when carbonized in the carbonization apparatus are also made harmless by melting in the high-temperature liquid material.
[0011]
Furthermore, by providing a plurality of batch processing type carbonization equipment for one reductive gasification melting furnace and operating these carbonization equipment alternately, it is possible to continuously charge carbide into the reductive gasification melting furnace. In addition, it is more preferable to leave a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation in the carbonization apparatus.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1: shows the schematic front view of the detoxification processing apparatus of the carbon containing material according to this invention.
[0013]
A detoxification treatment apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mainly composed of a carbonization apparatus 2 and a reductive gasification melting furnace 3.
[0014]
The carbonization apparatus 2 has an inlet 4 that supplies carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources. The carbon-containing material is supplied from the inlet 4 to carbonize and decompose the carbon-containing material. Thus, the carbonized gas and the carbonized material that adsorbs harmful substances including dioxins contained in the carbonized gas are generated. In FIG.
[0015]
The reductive gasification melting furnace 3 has a furnace top 5 for supplying inputs such as general waste and industrial waste. The input is supplied from the furnace top 5 and the input is melted at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more. A coke bed type reductive gasification and melting furnace for reducing the oxygen-containing gas generated in the furnace into a reductive gas, and the furnace body 6 is preferably a side of the furnace body 2. A gas discharge port 7 for discharging the in-furnace gas converted into a reduced gas as a high-temperature gas is provided at this position.
[0016]
The “high-temperature liquid” as used herein refers to, for example, molten slag or molten metal of 1000 ° C. or higher produced in a reductive gasification melting furnace that incinerates or melts general waste, industrial waste, etc. The melt of this is mentioned. The upper limit of the temperature of the melt is preferably 2600 ° C. in consideration of the heat resistance temperature of the refractory constituting the furnace. In particular, the temperature of the melt is more preferably 1000 to 1320 ° C.
[0017]
Further, the reduction gasification melting furnace reduces oxygen-containing gas such as CO ₂ or H ₂ O generated in the furnace when melting the carbon-containing material, for example, reduction such as CO or H ₂ In order to gasify, it is preferable that the residual oxygen in the furnace gas is 0.5% or less. As a means for reducing the residual oxygen in the furnace gas to 0.5% or less, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the gas discharge port 7 is not at the top of the furnace, but the furnace body 6 is positioned at the side portion of the furnace body 2 (preferably Is provided in the lower part of the furnace body, and a method of reducing the gas in the furnace without oxidizing it and converting it to a high temperature may be adopted.
[0018]
And the main features on the structure of the detoxification treatment apparatus for carbon-containing material according to the present invention are configured integrally with the carbonizing device 2 and the reductive gasification melting furnace 3, and carbonizing the carbon-containing material with the carbonizing device, At the same time as decomposing into carbonized gas and carbide, at least a part of harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas is effectively adsorbed on the carbide, and then at least a part of the carbide generated in the carbonization apparatus 2 is reduced to the reducing gas. It is used as fuel for chemical melting furnaces and is made harmless together with adsorbed harmful substances by dissolving them in high-temperature liquid materials. By doing this, harmful substances such as dioxins generated during the carbonization process in the carbonizer are converted into high-temperature liquid materials. It can be pyrolyzed or dissolved in, so that no new waste is generated.
[0019]
Moreover , when the carbonized gas produced | generated in the carbonization apparatus 2 contains a harmful substance, this carbonized gas is melt | dissolved in the said high temperature liquid substance, and is made harmless .
[0020]
Further , the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace 3 is supplied into the carbonization apparatus 2 as a gasification accelerator for promoting the generation of the carbonized gas . Thereby, carbonization of the carbon containing material in the carbonization apparatus 2, especially biomass can be promoted.
[0021]
At this time, when the mixed gas of the carbonized gas and the reducing gas in the carbonization apparatus 2 contains a harmful substance, the mixed gas is used as a fuel gas for the reducing gasification melting furnace 3 together with the harmful substance, and contains the harmful substance. If not, as shown in FIG. 1, if the high-temperature mixed gas that has passed through the dust collector 8 is used as the combustion gas of the gas turbine 10 directly connected to the generator 9, the mixed gas discharged from the carbonizer is effectively used. Therefore, it is possible to reduce waste disposal costs and power generation costs.
[0022]
In addition, exhaust heat due to the high temperature gas from the generator 9 and exhaust heat due to the high temperature gas from the reductive gasification and melting furnace 3 are such as drying, pulverizing, granulating, etc. If it is used as a heat source for the pretreatment process 12 such as the carbonization pretreatment 11 and the pretreatment process 12 such as drying and pulverization of the carbide before charging into the reductive gasification melting furnace 3, it is discharged from the generator 8 and the reductive gasification melting furnace 3. Waste treatment costs can be further reduced by effective use of high-temperature gas.
[0023]
In addition, if the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace 3 is recovered as water vapor passing through the dust collector 13, and the recovered water vapor is input to the reduction gasification melting furnace 3, the reducing gas in the furnace is modified. It is preferable because it can be improved.
[0024]
Further, solids (residues) other than carbides generated from carbon-containing materials when carbonized in the carbonization apparatus 2 are also introduced into the reductive gasification melting furnace 3 together with the carbides, so that molten slag and molten metal It is preferable to melt in such a high-temperature liquid material to make it harmless, and use it as slag or metal after cooling.
[0025]
Furthermore, in the present invention, although not particularly shown in the figure, a plurality of batch processing carbonization apparatuses, preferably 2 to 4 batch processing carbonization apparatuses, are provided for one reductive gasification melting furnace. It is preferable that the carbide can be continuously fed into the reductive gasification melting furnace by alternately operating the apparatus 2 in that the carbide can be stably supplied into the reductive gasification melting furnace during continuous operation. .
[0026]
In addition, it is possible to leave a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation, for example, 3 to 25% of the generated carbide in the carbonization apparatus, and supply and stack a new carbon-containing material thereon. This is preferable in that harmful substances such as dioxin in carbonized gas are effectively adsorbed and removed from the beginning of the carbonization reaction.
[0027]
The above description is merely an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.
[0028]
【Example】
Next, using the detoxification processing apparatus of the present invention, after carbonizing in the range of 350-500 ℃ in carbonization equipment such as general waste, industrial waste, biomass, the carbide produced by carbonization, It was supplied into a reductive gasification melting furnace and melted in molten slag and molten metal at 2600 ° C. At this time, the amount of residual oxygen in the reducing gas generated in the furnace and the dioxin concentration in the gas discharged from the gas outlet were measured.
For comparison, when a conventional gasification melting furnace was used, the amount of residual oxygen in the reducing gas generated in the furnace and the dioxin concentration in the gas discharged from the gas outlet were also measured in the same manner.
[0029]
When the apparatus of the present invention was used, the residual oxygen amount in the reducing gas in the reducing gasification melting furnace was 0.5% or less, and the dioxin concentration in the exhausted gas was 0.0001 ng-TEQ / m ³ . Moreover, the residue generation rate when treated with the apparatus of the present invention was 0%.
On the other hand, when a conventional gasification melting furnace is used, the residual oxygen amount in the reducing gas in the reduction gasification melting furnace is 3 to 21%, and the dioxin concentration in the discharged gas is also 0.001. It can be seen that ng-TEQ / m ³ is an order of magnitude higher than the device of the present invention. Moreover, the residue generation rate when treated with this apparatus was 27%.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in addition to residues generated when carbonizing general waste, industrial waste, biomass resources, etc., carbonized gas containing harmful substances such as dioxin and harmful substances contained in carbonized gas Effectively adsorbed carbide or the like can be rendered harmless by pyrolysis or melting in a high-temperature liquid such as molten metal or molten slag.
[0031]
Moreover, since a residue does not generate | occur | produce finally, the final disposal site which is a landfill place can be made unnecessary like the conventional apparatus.
[0032]
Furthermore, the reducing gas and produced in the reducing gasification melting furnace, order to effectively use a mixed gas of hydrocarbon gas to or with a reducing gas in the carbonization device as a heat source and fuel, which is advantageous in terms of such processing cost.
[0033]
In addition, if multiple batch processing carbonization devices are provided for one reductive gasification melting furnace and these carbonization devices are operated alternately, carbide can be continuously charged into the reductive gasification melting furnace. The carbide can be stably supplied into the reductive gasification melting furnace during continuous operation.
[0034]
In addition, it is possible to leave a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation in the carbonizer and supply / stack a new carbon content on the carbonized gas from the beginning of the carbonization reaction. It is advantageous in that harmful substances such as are effectively adsorbed and removed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for detoxifying a carbon-containing material according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Detoxification processing apparatus of carbon containing material 2 Carbonization apparatus 3 Reductive gasification melting furnace 4 Input port 5 Top of furnace 6 Furnace body 7 Gas exhaust port 8 Dust collector 9 Generator
10 Gas turbine
11 Carbonization pretreatment
12 Pretreatment process
13 Dust collector

Claims (7)

The carbonization equipment carbonizes carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources, and decomposes them into carbonized gas and carbides. At the same time, at least a part of harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas is carbonized. After being adsorbed on the substrate, it is reduced to a high-temperature liquid material of 1000 ° C or higher by melting high-temperature inputs such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources (including cases where the input is the carbon-containing material). in gasification melting furnace, a carbide having adsorbed said pollutant, and harmless melted in the hot liquid product in,
The reducing gas produced in the reducing gasification melting furnace is supplied as a gasification accelerator for promoting the production of carbonized gas in the carbonization apparatus,
When the mixed gas of carbonized gas and reducing gas in the carbonization apparatus contains harmful substances, the mixed gas is used as a fuel gas for the reductive gasification melting furnace together with the harmful substances. A method for detoxifying a carbon-containing material, which is used as a combustion gas for a gas turbine directly connected to a generator. Carbonization and decomposition of carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources , and at least one carbonization that generates carbonized gas and carbide that adsorbs harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas Equipment,
General waste, industrial waste, biomass resources, etc. (including the case where the input is the above carbon-containing material) are melted at a high temperature above 1000 ° C to form a high-temperature liquid and generated in the furnace A reducing gasification melting furnace for reducing and gasifying oxygen-containing gas;
And
At least a portion of the carbide generated by the carbonization device, used as a fuel in the reducing gasification melting furnace, and harmless dissolved in the hot liquid product along with the harmful substances adsorbed,
The reducing gas produced in the reductive gasification melting furnace is supplied as a gasification accelerator for promoting the production of carbonized gas in the carbonization apparatus,
When the mixed gas of carbonized gas and reducing gas in the carbonization apparatus contains harmful substances, the mixed gas is used as a fuel gas for the reductive gasification melting furnace together with the harmful substances. A detoxifying device for carbon-containing material, characterized by being used as a combustion gas for a gas turbine directly connected to a generator.   The exhaust heat from the generator and the exhaust heat from the reductive gasification melting furnace are used as a heat source for carbonization pretreatment such as drying, pulverization and granulation of the carbon-containing material before being charged into the carbonizer. Detoxification equipment for carbon-containing materials as described.   The carbon according to claim 2 or 3, wherein steam is recovered from the reducing gas produced in the reductive gasification melting furnace, and the recovered steam is introduced into the reductive gasification melting furnace to reform the reducing gas in the furnace. Detoxification processing equipment for inclusions.   The solid matter other than the carbide generated from the carbon-containing material when carbonized in the carbonization apparatus is also harmless by melting into the high-temperature liquid material and detoxifying the carbon-containing material according to claim 2, 3 or 4. Processing equipment.   A plurality of batch processing carbonization apparatuses are provided for one reductive gasification melting furnace, and by alternately operating these carbonization apparatuses, carbide can be continuously charged into the reductive gasification melting furnace. The detoxification treatment apparatus for a carbon-containing material according to any one of 5.   The carbon-containing material detoxifying apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation remains in the carbonization apparatus.

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