JP2004136185A - Detoxifying treatment apparatus for detoxifying carbon-containing material and detoxifying treatment method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a detoxifying treatment apparatus for detoxifying a carbon-containing material, capable of effectively detoxifying a harmful substance containing dioxins yielded when the carbon-containing material such as general waste, industrial waste, biomass resources or the like is carbonized. <P>SOLUTION: This detoxifying treatment apparatus 1 is equipped with at least one carbonization device 2 for carbonizing/decomposing the carbon-containing material to produce a carbonized gas and a carbonized material for adsorbing the harmful substance containing dioxins contained in the carbonized gas and a reducing gas producing melting furnace 3 for melting general waste or industrial waste at a high temperature of ≥1,000°C to produce a high temperature liquid material and converting the oxygen-containing gas yielded in the furnace 3 to a reducing gas. At least a part of the carbonized material formed in the carbonization device is used as the fuel of the reducing gas producing melting furnace 3 and dissolved in the high temperature liquid material along with the adsorbed harmful substance to detoxify the harmful substance. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for detoxifying carbon-containing substances such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when carbonized materials such as general wastes, industrial wastes, and biomass resources are carbonized by a carbonization device, dioxin is generated in the carbonization process, and from carbon-containing materials. This newly generated residue is usually transferred to a final disposal site previously provided as new waste, because the generated material is about 70% of carbide and the remaining about 30% is residue. There is no alternative but to landfill disposal, which has led to an increase in processing costs.
[0003]
In particular, when the residue contains harmful substances such as heavy metals, the residue is solidified by performing, for example, a chelate solidification treatment or a cement solidification treatment, and then is buried in a final disposal site. In order to prevent sewage containing harmful substances in objects from directly penetrating into the basement, for example, a thick rubber sheet is spread over the landfill site, and a nonwoven fabric (eg, urethane) is placed on top of it. Mortar had to be sprayed, which further increased processing costs.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is a detoxification treatment of carbon-containing substances that can effectively detoxify harmful substances including dioxins generated when carbonizing carbon-containing substances such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources. It is to provide an apparatus and a method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the method for detoxifying carbon-containing materials of the present invention carbonizes carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources, and decomposes them into carbonized gas and carbides. After adsorbing at least a part of the harmful substance containing dioxin contained in the gas to the carbide, the harmful substance-adsorbed carbide is melted in a high-temperature liquid material of 1000 ° C. or more to make it harmless. When the carbonized gas contains a harmful substance, it is preferable that the carbonized gas be melted in the high-temperature liquid to detoxify the carbonized gas.
[0006]
The detoxification apparatus for carbon-containing materials of the present invention carbonizes and decomposes carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources to produce carbonized gas and dioxin contained in the carbonized gas. At least one carbonization device that generates carbides that adsorb harmful substances, and general-purpose and industrial wastes are melted at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more to form high-temperature liquids, and oxygen-containing gas generated in the furnace. And a reducing gasification and melting furnace for reducing and gasifying the gas, and at least a part of the carbide generated by the carbonization device is used as a fuel for the reduction gasification and melting furnace, together with the adsorbed harmful substances in a high-temperature liquid material. It is to make it harmless by dissolving it.
[0007]
Furthermore, it is preferable that the reducing gas generated in the reduction gasification melting furnace is supplied into the carbonization device as a gasification accelerator for promoting generation of the carbonization gas.
[0008]
At this time, when the mixed gas of the carbonizing gas and the reducing gas in the carbonizing apparatus contains a harmful substance, such a mixed gas is used together with the harmful substance as a fuel gas for the reduction gasification and melting furnace, and the harmful substance is not contained. Is preferably used as a combustion gas for a gas turbine or the like directly connected to a generator.
[0009]
In addition, using the exhaust heat from the generator and the exhaust heat from the reduction gasification and melting furnace as a heat source for carbonization pretreatment such as drying, pulverization, granulation, etc. And / or recovering the gas reforming steam from the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification and melting furnace, and feeding the recovered gas reforming steam into the reducing gasification and melting furnace to reform the reducing gas in the furnace. It is more preferable to do so.
[0010]
Further, it is preferable that solids other than the carbide generated from the carbon-containing material when carbonized in the carbonization device are also rendered harmless by melting in the high-temperature liquid material.
[0011]
Furthermore, a plurality of batch processing type carbonizers are provided for one reduction gasification and melting furnace, and these carbonization devices are operated alternately so that carbide can be continuously charged into the reduction gasification and melting furnace. In addition, it is more preferable to leave a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation in the carbonization device.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a carbon-containing material detoxifying apparatus according to the present invention.
[0013]
The detoxification treatment apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mainly constituted by a carbonization apparatus 2 and a reduction gasification and melting furnace 3.
[0014]
The carbonization device 2 has an input port 4 for supplying carbon-containing materials such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources. The carbon-containing material is supplied from the input port 4 to carbonize and decompose the carbon-containing material. Thus, it has a configuration in which a carbonized gas and a carbide that adsorbs harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas are generated. In FIG. 1, one carbonizing device 2 is provided.
[0015]
The reduction gasification and melting furnace 3 has a furnace top 5 for supplying inputs such as general wastes and industrial wastes, supplies the inputs from the furnace top 5, and melts the inputs at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher. A coke bed type reduction gasification and melting furnace for reducing the oxygen-containing gas generated in the furnace into a high-temperature liquid material and reducing the oxygen-containing gas in the furnace. A gas outlet 7 for discharging the reduced gasified gas in the furnace as a high-temperature gas is provided at a part position.
[0016]
The term "high-temperature liquid material" used herein refers to, for example, molten slag or molten metal at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher generated in a reduction gasification melting furnace for incinerating or melting general waste or industrial waste. And a melt thereof. The upper limit of the temperature of the melt is preferably 2600 ° C. in consideration of the heat resistant temperature of the refractory constituting the furnace. In particular, the temperature of the melt is more preferably 1000 to 1320 ° C.
[0017]
Further, the reduction gasification melting furnace reduces an oxygen-containing gas such as CO ₂ or H ₂ O generated in the furnace when melting a carbon-containing material, and reduces the gas such as CO or H _2. For gasification, it is preferable that the residual oxygen in the furnace gas is 0.5% or less. As a means for reducing the residual oxygen in the furnace gas to 0.5% or less, for example, the gas outlet 7 is not located at the top of the furnace as shown in FIG. (Preferably at the lower part of the furnace body), a method of reducing the gas in the furnace at a high temperature without oxidizing the gas in the furnace may be adopted.
[0018]
The main feature of the configuration of the carbon-containing material detoxification treatment apparatus according to the present invention is that the carbonizing device 2 and the reduction gasification / melting furnace 3 are integrally formed, and the carbonizing device is carbonized by the carbonizing device. At the same time as decomposing into carbonized gas and carbide, at least a part of harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas is effectively adsorbed on the carbide, and then at least a part of the carbide generated in the carbonization device 2 is reduced with a reducing gas. Harmful substances such as dioxins generated in the carbonization process in the carbonization equipment are dissolved in high-temperature liquids together with the adsorbed harmful substances. Pyrolysis or dissolution in water, so that no new waste is generated.
[0019]
In addition, when the carbonized gas generated in the carbonizing device 2 contains a harmful substance, it is preferable that the carbonized gas is melted in the high-temperature liquid material to make it harmless.
[0020]
Further, as another embodiment, it is preferable that the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace 3 be supplied into the carbonization device 2 as a gasification accelerator for promoting generation of the carbonized gas. Thereby, carbonization of carbon-containing substances, particularly biomass, in the carbonization device 2 can be promoted.
[0021]
At this time, when the mixed gas of the carbonizing gas and the reducing gas in the carbonizing device 2 contains a harmful substance, the mixed gas is used together with the harmful substance as the fuel gas of the reduction gasification and melting furnace 3 to contain the harmful substance. Otherwise, as shown in FIG. 1, if the high-temperature mixed gas passed through the dust collector 8 is used as a combustion gas for the gas turbine 10 or the like directly connected to the generator 9, the mixed gas discharged from the carbonization device can be effectively used. Utilization can reduce waste disposal costs and power generation costs.
[0022]
In addition, the heat exhausted by the high-temperature gas from the generator 8 and the heat exhausted by the high-temperature gas from the reduction gasification / melting furnace 3 are used for drying, pulverization, granulation, etc. If it is used as a heat source for the pre-carbonization treatment 11 or the pre-treatment process 12 such as drying and pulverization of the carbide before being put into the reduction gasification and melting furnace 3, it is discharged from the generator 8 and the reduction gasification and melting furnace 3. By effectively utilizing high-temperature gas, waste disposal costs can be further reduced.
[0023]
In addition, the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification / melting furnace 3 is recovered as gas reforming steam passed through the dust collector 13, and the collected gas reforming steam is fed into the reducing gasification / melting furnace 3. This is preferable because the reducing gas in the inside can be reformed.
[0024]
In addition, solids (residues) other than carbide generated from the carbon-containing material when carbonized in the carbonization apparatus 2 are also introduced into the reduction gasification melting furnace 3 together with the carbide to form molten slag and molten metal. It is preferable to melt in such a high-temperature liquid material and render it harmless, and after cooling, use it as slag or metal.
[0025]
Further, in the present invention, although not particularly shown in the drawings, a plurality of batch processing type carbonization apparatuses, preferably 2 to 4 batch processing type carbonization apparatuses are provided for one reduction gasification and melting furnace, and these carbonization apparatuses are provided. It is preferable that carbides can be continuously charged into the reduction gasification / melting furnace by alternately operating the apparatus 2 in that the carbides can be stably supplied into the reduction gasification / melting furnace during continuous operation. .
[0026]
In the carbonization device, it is possible to leave a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation, for example, an amount of 3 to 25% of the generated carbide, and supply and laminate a new carbon-containing material thereon. This is preferable in that harmful substances such as dioxin in the carbonized gas are effectively adsorbed and removed from the beginning of the carbonization reaction.
[0027]
What has been described above is merely an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and various changes can be made within the scope of the claims.
[0028]
【Example】
Next, using the detoxification processing apparatus of the present invention, after carbonizing a carbon-containing substance such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources in a carbonization apparatus in a range of 350 to 500 ° C., the carbonization treatment is performed. The generated carbide was supplied into a reduction gasification melting furnace and melted in a molten slag or a molten metal at 2600 ° C. At this time, the amount of residual oxygen in the reducing gas generated in the furnace and the concentration of dioxin in the gas discharged from the gas outlet were measured.
For comparison, when a conventional gasification and melting furnace was used, the amount of residual oxygen in the reducing gas generated in the furnace and the concentration of dioxin in the gas discharged from the gas outlet were measured in the same manner.
[0029]
When the apparatus of the present invention is used, the amount of residual oxygen in the reducing gas in the reducing gasification and melting furnace is 0.5% or less, and the dioxin concentration in the discharged gas is 0.0001 ng-TEQ / m ³ . there were. Moreover, the residue generation rate when treated with the apparatus of the present invention was 0%.
On the other hand, when the conventional gasification and melting furnace is used, the residual oxygen amount in the reducing gas in the reduction gasification and melting furnace is 3 to 21%, and the dioxin concentration in the discharged gas is also 0%. 0.001 ng-TEQ / m ³ , which is one digit higher than that of the apparatus of the present invention. Moreover, the residue generation rate when treated with this apparatus was 27%.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, general waste, industrial waste, other residues generated when carbonizing biomass resources, etc., as well as carbonized gas containing harmful substances such as dioxin, and harmful substances contained in the carbonized gas The effectively adsorbed carbide or the like can be rendered harmless by pyrolysis or melting in a high-temperature liquid such as molten metal or molten slag.
[0031]
Further, since the residue is not finally generated, it is not necessary to use a final disposal site, which is a landfill site, unlike the conventional apparatus.
[0032]
Furthermore, if the reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace, the carbonized gas in the carbonizing device or a mixed gas of the carbonized gas and the reduced gas is effectively used as a heat source or fuel, it is advantageous in terms of processing cost and the like.
[0033]
In addition, if a plurality of batch processing type carbonization devices are provided for one reduction gasification and melting furnace, and these carbonization devices are operated alternately, it is possible to continuously feed carbide into the reduction gasification and melting furnace. In addition, carbide can be stably supplied into the reduction gasification and melting furnace during continuous operation.
[0034]
In addition, it is necessary to leave a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation in the carbonization apparatus, and supply and laminate a new carbon-containing material on the carbonization equipment. This is advantageous in that harmful substances such as odors are effectively adsorbed and removed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for detoxifying a carbon-containing material according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Detoxification apparatus of carbon content 2 Carbonization apparatus 3 Reduction gasification and melting furnace 4 Input port 5 Furnace top 6 Furnace 7 Gas exhaust port 8 Dust collector 9 Generator 10 Gas turbine 11 Pre-carbonization 12 Pre-treatment process 13 Dust collector

Claims (9)

General waste, industrial waste, carbonized carbonaceous materials such as biomass resources, and decomposed into carbonized gas and carbides, and at the same time, adsorbed at least a part of harmful substances including dioxin contained in the carbonized gas to the carbides A method for detoxifying a carbon-containing substance, wherein the harmful substance-adsorbed carbide is melted in a high-temperature liquid material of 1000 ° C. or higher to detoxify the substance. The method for detoxifying a carbon-containing substance according to claim 1, wherein when the carbonized gas contains a harmful substance, the carbonized gas is melted in the high-temperature liquid to detoxify the substance. At least one carbonizer that carbonizes and decomposes carbon-containing substances, such as general waste, industrial waste, and biomass resources, to produce carbonized gas and carbides that adsorb harmful substances including dioxins contained in the carbonized gas Equipment and
A reduction gasification and melting furnace for melting general waste and industrial waste at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher to form a high-temperature liquid material, and reducing oxygen-containing gas generated in the furnace into a reduction gas;
With and
At least a part of the carbide generated by the carbonization apparatus is used as a fuel for the reduction gasification and melting furnace, and is rendered harmless by dissolving it in a high-temperature liquid material together with the harmful substances adsorbed, thereby rendering the harmless carbon-containing material harmless. Processing equipment. The reducing gas generated in the reducing gasification melting furnace is supplied to the carbonization device as a gasification accelerator for promoting the generation of the carbonized gas,
When the mixed gas of the carbonizing gas and the reducing gas in the carbonizing device contains a harmful substance, the mixed gas is used together with the harmful substance as a fuel gas for the reduction gasification and melting furnace, and when the harmful substance is not contained, The detoxifying apparatus for carbon-containing substances according to claim 3, which is used as a combustion gas for a gas turbine or the like directly connected to a generator. The exhaust heat from the generator and the exhaust heat from the reduction gasification melting furnace are used as a heat source for carbonization pretreatment such as drying, pulverization, and granulation of the carbon-containing material before being put into the carbonization device. Detoxification equipment for carbon-containing materials. 4. A gas reforming steam is recovered from a reducing gas generated in a reducing gasification melting furnace, and the recovered gas reforming steam is supplied to a reducing gasification melting furnace to reform the reducing gas in the furnace. 6. A detoxifying apparatus for carbon-containing material according to 4 or 5. The carbon-containing material according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein solid matter other than the carbide generated from the carbon-containing material when carbonized in the carbonization device is also melted and rendered harmless in the high-temperature liquid material. Detoxification equipment. A plurality of batch-processing type carbonization devices are provided for one reduction gasification / melting furnace, and these carbonization devices are alternately operated so that carbide can be continuously charged into the reduction gasification / melting furnace. The detoxifying apparatus for a carbon-containing substance according to any one of claims 7 to 10. 9. The detoxifying apparatus for carbon-containing material according to claim 8, wherein a part of the carbide carbonized by the previous operation is left in the carbonization apparatus.

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