JP4317367B2 - ガス状媒体のプラズマ利用処理のための反応器 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、窒素酸化物、炭質粒子を含む微粒子、ポリ芳香族炭化水素及び可溶性有機フラクションを含む炭化水素、一酸化炭素及び内燃機関の排気部からの他の規制され又は規制されていない燃焼生成物のうち1以上の排出ガス成分を減少させるためのガス状媒体のプラズマ利用処理に特に利用される。
英国特許第2,274,412号明細書は、内燃機関の排出ガスから微粒子及び他の汚染物質を除去する方法及び装置を開示しており、この場合、排出ガスを高い比誘電率を持つ物質、好ましくは強誘電体の帯電ペレットの床を通過させる。酸化、特に、放電を利用した酸化による微粒子の除去に加えて、NOX 還元を触媒するようになったペレットを用いることによりNOX ガスを窒素に還元することが開示されている。
本発明によれば、ガス状媒体のプラズマ利用処理のための静音放電又は誘電バリヤ型の反応器であって、反応器は、少なくとも1対の電極を有し、上記電極相互間には、電極のうち少なくとも1つと誘電バリヤ層との間に、ガス状媒体を通過させることができる少なくとも1つのガス流路を構成する介在状態の誘電バリヤが設けられ、使用に当たり、適当な電位を各電極対の前後に印加することによりガス状媒体中にプラズマ放電を生じさせるようになっており、上記反応器は、電極相互間に設けられていて、上記誘電バリヤ層を構成し又はこれとは別体であって、ガス状媒体が流れる表面を提供する物質層と、上記表面上にガス状媒体中の選択された化学種又は粒状物を捕捉させる手段と、を更に有し、前記表面は前記ガス流路の長さの少なくとも一部に沿って延びる反応器において、電極は、選択された化学種又は粒状物が捕捉される前記表面に沿って表面放電を生じさせるよう配列されている反応器が提供される。
かかる表面放電は、表面上に捕捉された粒状物又は選択された化学種の実質的に一様なプラズマ処理をもたらすよう構成されたものであるのがよい。表面放電に加えて、バルク又は容積プラズマ放電も又、生じる場合がある。
本発明の一特徴によれば、濾過材の表面領域中の高電界が、ガス流の境界層領域、即ち、疑似層流である領域中へ延びている。
不連続金属膜は、金属のスポット又は斑点の形態をしているのがよく、これら金属膜は、誘電バリヤのうち1以上に被着した状態で存在するのがよい。この金属は、誘電体よりも豊富な電子源となり、バリヤのうち1以上から出る放電箇所の数を増大させ、それにより、排出ガスの処理の効率を向上させる効果を有している。
本発明は又、炭化水素を主成分とする液体又は気体燃料を改質する本発明による反応器の使用方法も提供する。
図1及び図2を参照すると、反応器11は、セラミックカバープレート12とセラミックベースプレート13との間に形成された矩形のボックスエンクロージャを有している。この例では、4つの電極プレート14,15,16,17が設けられ、各電極プレートは、反応器11の一方の側部に設けられている電極プレート14,16からの電気接点18,20を提供する延長部を有し、電極プレート15,17からの電気接点19,21は、反応器11の他方の側部に設けられている。
Claims (5)
- ガス状媒体をプラズマを利用して処理する誘電バリヤ型の反応器であって、反応器(11;41)は、少なくとも1対の電極(14,15;16,17;44,46/47)を有し、該電極相互間には、誘電バリヤ層(22,23,24,25,26,27;52,53)が介在し、前記誘電バリヤ層が、電極の少なくとも1つと該誘電バリヤ層との間に、ガス状媒体を通過させることができる少なくとも1つのガス流路(32,33;45)を画定して、使用時、適当な電位を各電極対(14,15;16,17;44,46/47)に印加することによりガス状媒体中にプラズマ放電が生じるようになっており、前記反応器が更に、電極相互間にあって前記誘電バリヤ層を構成するか又は該誘電バリヤ層とは別体を成しており、ガス状媒体が流れる表面を提供する物質層(34;53)と、該表面上にガス状媒体中の選択された化学種又は粒状物を捕捉させる手段とを有しており、前記表面は前記ガス流路(32,33;45)の長さの少なくとも一部に沿って延びている反応器において、
反応器が、前記表面の近くに複数の対を成して位置するアレイ状の個別の電極(61)により、選択された化学種又は粒状物が捕捉される前記表面に沿って表面放電を生じさせるように構成されており、個別の電極(61)の各々は、隣接する電極(61)から電気的に絶縁されており、高電圧の交流又はパルス又は直流電位を前記アレイ状の個別の電極(61)の対を成す2つの電極に印加して前記表面に隣接するガス状媒体にプラズマを発生させることにより、各対の隣接する2つの電極間に前記表面を横切る表面放電が生じるようになっていることを特徴とする反応器。 - ガス流路(32,33)は、前記アレイ状の個別の電極(61)が作用する表面の広がり全体にわたってこれを貫通して延び、前記1対の電極の1つである連続電極(14,15,16)が、前記物質層における前記アレイ状の個別の電極(61)を有する側の表面とは反対の側で、該物質層から間隔を置いて位置していて、前記ガス流路(32,33)が、前記連続電極(14,15,16)と前記表面との間を延びており、前記連続電極(14,15,16)は使用時、アース電位に保たれるか又はアースに対して一定の電位に保たれており、前記アレイの個別の電極(61)の対を成す2つの電極に印加されるパルス又は交流又は直流電位が、連続電極(14,15,16)の電位よりも一方は高く他方は低くなるようになっており、アレイ状の個別の電極(61)の各対において隣り合う2つの電極間の前記表面を横切る表面放電に加えて、前記連続電極(14,15,16)と前記アレイ状の個別の電極(61)との間に容量プラズマ放電が生じることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。
- 前記反応器は、互いに平行な複数のガス流路(32a,32b,32c;33a,33b,33c)を得るように積み重ねモジュール構造になっており、該積み重ね構造のモジュールが、前記連続電極(14,15,16)と前記表面と該表面の近くに位置する前記アレイ状の個別の電極(61)との間に画定されたガス流路を有しており、該ガス流路は、前記アレイ状の個別の電極(61)が作用する表面の全体にわたり且つこれを貫通して延びていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の反応器。
- 捕捉を生じさせる前記手段は、前記表面上にガス状媒体中の粒状物を捕捉させるよう静電気的に印加される直流、交流又はパルス電圧の源から成ることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の反応器。
- 前記物質層(34)は、シート形態の透過性濾過材により構成され、前記ガス流路(32,33)は、ガス状媒体がシート形態の透過性濾過材(34)を通って流れるよう差し向けられ、それにより、ガス状媒体中の選択された化学種又は粒状物がその表面上に捕捉されることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の反応器。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GBGB0107020.0A GB0107020D0 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2001-03-21 | A reactor for plasma assisted treatment of gaseous media |
PCT/GB2002/001229 WO2002074435A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-03-15 | A reactor for plasma assisted treatment of gaseous |
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JP2004533312A JP2004533312A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
JP2004533312A5 JP2004533312A5 (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
JP4317367B2 true JP4317367B2 (ja) | 2009-08-19 |
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US (1) | US7163663B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1372842B1 (ja) |
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EP1705965A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-27 | Universiteit Gent | Method and system for plasma treatment under high pressure |
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WO2008103909A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Hamade Thomas A | Electrically stimulated catalytic converter apparatus, and method of using same |
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2001
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EP1372842A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
GB0107020D0 (en) | 2001-05-09 |
EP1372842B1 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
US20040094401A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
WO2002074435A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
JP2004533312A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
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